sign in sign up
<<
Home , Eduard Shevardnadze, Laika, Nikita Khrushchev, Valerian Zorin

JCC: The Red Scare-

Chair: Bridget Arnold

Vice-Chair:

1 Table of Contents 3. Letter from Chair 4. Committee Background 7. Topic A: Race to the Moon 15. Topic B: Developing Tensions is the West 24. Positions

2 Letter from the Chair:

Dear Fellow Comrades,

Hello, and welcome to LYMUN VII! I am extremely excited to be chairing (the better side) of the JCC: The Red Scare. My name is Bridget Arnold, I am currently a Senior at Lyons

Township and I have participated in Model UN since my Freshman year. Outside of MUN, I participate in various clubs such as Mock Trial and PSI and in general have a huge fascination with politics.

In anticipation of the conference, you are expected to write one position paper outlining ​ your person’s beliefs on the topics that you have been given. Both topics will be discussed in order but only one position paper is required. All delegates should maintain their character’s policy within the committee and should avoid slipping into their own personal beliefs. During committee, I will not only be looking for delegates who speak a lot but those who work well with other delegates, contribute to discussions, and exemplify knowledge about the topic in their speeches. With that being said, I encourage all delegates to speak at least once in this committee.

Any experience with public speaking will benefit your skills as a public speaker now and in the future. Writing directives and crisis notes with your own original ideas are also crucial for success in this cabinet. One thing I look forward to seeing is new and creative ways to shape history. The delegates that will do the best are the ones who will bring new ideas to the table, as well as work cohesively with others. The committee's starting date will be August of 1962 making John F. Kennedy the President of the and the head of

3 the Soviet Union. Although we already know the outcome of the , I encourage you to find new ways to change the course of history.

If you have any questions or concerns prior to the conference, feel free to contact me through email ([email protected]). I understand that this is a Soviet Cabinet so positions ​ ​ may be hard to research so if you have any questions about your character or their powers, please don’t hesitate to email me. I am very excited to see you all at LYMUN. Best of luck in your research and preparation!

-Bridget Arnold

4 A Brief History of Your Cabinet:

During , the United States and the Soviet Union formed an alliance and worked together throughout the war. Midway through the war, the Soviet Union faced a revolution that shifted it from a capitalist nation into a communist one. It was at this point when historically the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union began to sour. When the first red scare occurred during the late 1920s post-WWI, tensions began to arise.

When the world entered into the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet

Union reached a tentative truce with acting as the temporary binding, keeping their very tentative relationship from falling apart.

At the end of the war, the U.S and the Soviet Union came out as world powers. The

Soviet Union was beginning to make itself well known through implementing the first communist system within a country, and the ever isolated

United States emerged as the economic powerhouse of the world. Regardless, both countries emerged as back to back World War champs, the countries nationalistic egos were inflated, and it seemed difficult for either to imagine a scenario where they wouldn’t come out on top.

A strong rivalry was formed between the two nations and while the capitalist United

States was relatively untouched throughout the course of the war, the Soviet Union, along with other European nations, had to work on reconstruction. At this point, the Soviet Union had a lot

5 of influence in Eastern Europe as it occupied Bulgaria, , Hungary, , and Eastern

Germany by the end of the war. In order to guarantee loyalty in this region, the Soviet Union assisted in establishing communist dictatorships in Romania and Bulgaria. Places such as

Yugoslavia and Albania supported a communist dictatorship but remained outside of the Soviet until the end of the war.

After the war, Soviet influence spread throughout Eastern Europe. The U.S strongly opposed the spread of and attempted to fight against it however, they were met with

little success. As tensions rose between the Soviet

Union and the United States, a battle to showcase

power began. Thus a war with no direct battles began

and the countries began competing in scientific and

technological domains such as exploring space. At

the beginning of the , the Soviet Union proved to be superior and in 1957 successfully launched the first artificial known as

Sputnik 1. This success was followed by the first unmanned vehicle to land on the moon (1959), and the first human to be in space (1961).

Although the USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republic) is currently ahead in the space race, we can only assume that the United States will attempt to crawl to the lead and more disputes will come in the following years. The current leader of the Soviet Union, Nikita ​ Khrushchev, is powerful and although he is not as notable as John F. Kennedy he has many allies and much influence throughout the world. As indirect warfare rages on between these major nations it’s imperative to keep an eye out on all fronts. With the ending in a

6 stalemate for both sides, the two powerhouses deemed it a failure. Now the eyes of these two nations are being directed towards Vietnam, the new battleground for communism. Topic A- Race to the Moon

History of the Topic: The United States and the Soviet Union have had a long and complex relationship throughout the course of their history. Although there have always been rocky relations between

the two nations, they have gradually declined

since the ending of World War II. After the

signing of the , a collective

defense treaty between the Soviet Union and

its satellite states, the U.S began to see the

Soviet Union as more of a communist threat than an actual ally. As the showcase of power began between the two nations, the unknown frontier of space became the perfect territory to display dominance. In the early development of the space race, the USSR proved to be the superior force. In early October of 1957, the Soviets took the lead in accomplishments in space. 1 became the first artificial satellite to be launched into space. It orbited the Earth for three weeks before its batteries died and after two more months, it eventually fell back into the atmosphere.

Soviet success did not stop with the return of . They continued to develop new methods of reaching the final frontier. In the follow-up project of Sputnik 1, the Soviets worked on developing methods of sustaining life in space. In early September of 1957, the Soviet Union

7 successfully launched the first animal into space, a named . Although this device did ​ not have landing gear, it proved to be a major technological development and set the Soviets ahead in the race.

In retaliation for this success, the United States launched two monkeys, Abel and Baker, into space in late May of 1959 on the Jupiter missile. These monkeys became the first living creatures to return from space alive. This was a major success in world history but it is unlikely the U.S would be able to do this without Laika’s trailblazing effort. With the understanding gained from Laika’s journey, the Soviets were able to develop the technology necessary for humans to be sent to space. After three years of work put into developing space travel safe enough for humans, the Soviets launched Yuri

Alekseyevich Gagarin in the

Vostok 1 in 1961. Gagarin became both the first person in space and the first man to Earth.

After orbiting the earth for eighty-nine minutes Gagarin safely touched back down on earth. For his success in orbiting the Earth, Gargarin received several medals and was celebrated as a national hero.

Once again, the United States followed Soviet achievements with their own mission. On

May 5th of 1961, the United States launched a man into space. The major difference between the

8 United States launch and the USSR launch was that the U.S pilot returned to Earth in the spacecraft while the Soviet pilot parachuted out once he entered the atmosphere. This allowed the United States to claim the success of having the first man to make a round trip from space

back to earth. These various instances of U.S and

Soviet success have proven to be very

informative. Although the United States has

managed to follow every Soviet success with a

slightly more impressive achievement, they have

lagged behind each step made by the Soviets.

Additionally, the claims made by the United

States have encouraged the Soviet Union to prove superiority with newer plans that have never been done before. It is clear that while both space programs are admirable, they need to coexist in order to incite competition and therefore innovation. As we move forward, it is important to remember that although we see the United States as a competitor, projecting Soviet fears onto another nation can only hurt the USSR.

Current Issue:

As soon as the Soviet Union manages to accomplish a great feat, the United States follows its success several years later. A pattern has formed in which the Soviet Union and the

United States go back and forth in space-related accomplishments. It is important for the Soviet

Union to put a stop to this as a limited time frame mixed with the constant need to one-up the other has resulted in a huge drain on resources. Although the United States’ retaliation for a

9 Soviet success has often had a more impressive title, they are essentially the same mission.

While many of the missions already completed by 1962 were very impressive, there was the unspoken consensus that whoever reached the moon first would have the superior space program.

Currently, there is no clear leader in the space race. This is both a threat and an opportunity. The United States and the Soviet Union have grown a vast nuclear arsenal while still maintaining steady progress in the space race.

Both the United States and the Soviet Union have worked tirelessly to achieve advancement and this effort has resulted in many breakthroughs; however, the technology to reach the moon is not yet available.

As the battle to reach the moon continues, several side aggressions have broken out which has served as a distraction to the Soviet Union and limited overall progress. In order to continue Soviet success, it is crucial for the USSR to keep its primary focus on the race to the moon. Once technical superiority is proven, the Soviet Union will be able to place all of its focus on maintaining its influence across the globe.

The Space Race:

The idea of conquering the moon first is very appealing to the Soviet Union however, it is important to consider the opportunities that artificial offer. By focusing a small portion of our efforts on creating artificial satellites, we can attempt to force the United States into submission. Every satellite launched proves our superiority while creating a threat to other

10 nations. If we are able to successfully work out the technology necessary to place weapons on satellites we will create a threat to the United States which could limit their progress in space expansion as they would have to move to a more defensive position. Destroying another nation is not the ultimate goal of the Soviet Union however, threatening the United States may enable us to limit the capitalist agenda. If the Soviet Union were to release a statement to the White House informing them of advanced Soviet missiles placed in space, negotiations could begin that would limit the amount of resources the United States is allowed to devote to their Space Program.

There are other ways to advance the without threatening other nations such as devoting more time and research into the Soviet Space Program. When looking at methods of successfully exploring space, it is important to look at past successes. Something that

has been overlooked up to this point is

deep-sea exploration. On January 23rd of

1960, Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh

traveled to a previously unexplored region,

the bottom of the ocean. During their 4 hours

and 47-minute descent to the bottom of the

ocean, they discovered new species and

methods of sustaining life in extreme

conditions. They traveled to the depth of

35,800 ft undersea by using a rebreather system to maintain the oxygen levels. By looking into the rebreather system used in the submarine, the Soviet Union could potentially sustain life for an extended period of time in space. Another important lesson learned from this exploration is

11 that there are many organisms yet to be discovered in the depths of the ocean. By looking into deep-sea discovery, the Soviet Union could potentially make groundbreaking discoveries that would establish a correlation between the USSR and new findings. Although that is not necessarily the goal of the USSR, if another nation saw the Soviet Union making advancements that benefited the world as a whole while the United States only fixated on its own advancements the Soviet Union would be seen as the hero while the United States would be seen as the bad guy.

The Spread of Soviet Beliefs:

It is important to gain support from our neighboring nations as we begin to grow our arsenal of weapons and technology. By gaining the support of wealthier Eastern European states, the funding of our programs will become easier and we will be met with less resistance as our power grows. Spreading Communist ideals throughout the world is one of the ultimate goals of

the Soviet Union however,

this cannot be done through

the means of force as it is

important to consider the

consequences of any abrupt

military action. The

sovereign borders of our neighboring nations are recognized internationally and although the idea of communism may gradually become integrated into these nations, it is important to allow this to happen on its own accord. In order to continue coexisting with our capitalist counterparts, the only way to spread

12 our influence is through foreign ministers and the power of persuasion. However, as we develop more advanced means of space travel, establishing the influence of communism in our neighboring nations will not be as difficult as it currently is. There are two major reasons behind this, the first being that as our power grows, the greed of other nations will encourage them to join our ranks and become Soviet satellite states. The second reason is that countries are being pressured into choosing sides and smaller nations will choose the side that offers more protection. Creating a stronger communist bloc is the ultimate goal of the Soviet Union however, in order to reach this goal, we first have to conquer space and/or prove our superiority to capitalist nations. Conquering space could create a domino effect and result in the support of our neighboring nations.

13 Questions to Consider:

1. How can we limit the progress of the United States Space Program while improving our current situation? Is it more important to limit U.S progress or to have Soviet success?

2. What should be done to limit capitalist influence in the Soviet Union?

3. Should the USSR exploit its satellite states for resources or should they continue to exist as a unified communist being? Should one region be considered more important than the rest?

4. Is espionage justified? Should the Soviet Union allocate more resources towards espionage or should they be put towards preventing it?

5. Should the needs of the space race be a greater priority than the needs of the people?

Additional Resources:

● https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race

● https://www.space.com/space-race.html

● https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0001161985.pdf

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I79TpDe3t2g

14 Topic B- Developing Tensions in the West

History of the Topic:

Throughout the course of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union have created many micro aggressions against each other. These aggressions tended to create tension and anger but generally had not spiraled out of control, that is, until the Korean War.

In the late 1940s, many Eastern countries were beginning to overthrow the Western influence in their nations. The Soviet Union saw this as a great opportunity to spread communism in the East without Western interference. This angered the United States but there was little they could do about it so they kept a close eye on the proceedings but generally

15 avoided direct confrontation. When looking to the East, Stalin saw many opportunities but one that stood out to him the most was the conflict in Korea. He decided that it would be in Soviet interest to help the Northern half of Korea fight against the Southern half. There were many reasons for Soviet involvement but some of the top included:

1. If the North won, the Soviet Union would gain access to ports in Korea which would

allow them to control shipping lanes

2. Should another war take place, the Soviet Union would have no difficulty wiping out U.S

troops in Japan

3. The USSR would have a way to test some of its new weapons in a real battle scenario

On top of all of that, even if North Korea lost, the Soviets wouldn’t lose any land, resources, or credibility. It seemed like a perfect situation until the U.S got involved.

The U.S involvement in the Korean War changed it from a tactical move to a display of

power. Whichever side won the battle

would be seen as superior, so a large

amount of Soviet resources was sent to aid

North Korea. No matter how much effort

was put in by both sides, little change was

made throughout the course of the war due

to how evenly matched the forces were. By the end of the war, North and South Korea were essentially fighting back and forth over the same

16 strip of land. In order to end the unnecessary waste of resources, North and South Korea agreed to sign an armistice which created the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Although the Korean War ended in a truce and almost no change in territory, it had a lasting impact on U.S and Soviet relations. The Cold War was no longer a showcase of power, it was now a fight to the death. Whichever form of government could sustain itself the longest while constantly putting resources into innovation would be the survivor. The

Korean war set the precedent of puppet wars throughout the East and changed the way the world saw the rivalry between the

United States and USSR. The Korean War also foreshadowed future extreme, indirect conflict between the US and USSR.

Eastern tensions aren’t the only issues that plague the Soviet Union. In the West, a divided has caused unnecessary problems for the Soviet Union. Members of the communist side of Berlin view the thriving culture of the West with envy. The ideals of the West are slowly seeping into the Soviet occupied areas of Germany. In response to the potential anger that could grow out of control, the Soviet Union constructed a wall dividing East and West

Berlin in the early hours of August 13, 1961. The wall has cut off Eastern Berlin from the rest of

Germany which has shot the already heightened tensions between the USSR and US through the

17 roof. From this point forward, the Soviet Union must be careful with every step it takes because the high tensions that have been formed are at a breaking point, and war may be inevitable.

Current Issue- :

The Space Race isn’t the only pressing issue facing the Soviet Union. With the recent construction of the Berlin Wall, most Eastern European countries have gone from being weary of

the Soviet Union to feeling

threatened. At this point, it is very

unlikely that they will adopt

communism under their own will ,

an unfortunate situation for the

Soviet Union. The Soviet Union’s

current population is slightly over

208 million,so they could easily go toe to toe with any individual European country. Yet, according to Article 5 in NATO (an attack against one is an attack against all) fighting a single

European state could lead to a very difficult struggle.

While maintaining the wall is a very important symbol for the Soviet Union, it is essential that the wall remains a symbol and not a declaration of war. If war were to break out, the 5.3 million man would mean nothing because of the vast nuclear arsenal of the West.

The Soviet Union currently has a little over 1,600 nuclear weapons stockpiles. This would be an impressive feat if the US alone didn’t hold about 19,000 nuclear weapons stockpiles. If war were to break out, the Soviet Union would not be able to stand its ground for very long.

18 While our standings in the East aren’t ideal, the situation in the West isn’t much better.

With various Asian countries on the brink of war against their Western colonists, war may be inevitable. Under normal circumstances the easy opportunity to spread communism in would be an amazing situation but due to recent actions of the USSR in the West, any microaggression could turn into complete warfare. For now, it may be best for the Soviet Union to stay low and only fight indirect battles. Possible Solutions

Laying Low

Laying low has never been a strong suit of the USSR but, it could prove to be a major advantage. If the USSR limited its actions to only those that are necessary, other nations may become frightened by the sudden lack of communication. The USSR doesn’t usually share much

information with the rest of the world and

if the only external actions being done

are maintenance, other nations will

become frightened but have no ground

for declaring war. A small break from

communication with other nations would

also allow for the Soviet Union to work on internal progress. With the end of the Korean War, the only major issue on our horizon is the

Berlin wall, now would be the perfect time to work on internal improvements. This means more focus can be placed on weaponry development and the people themselves.

19 Additionally, the people of the USSR aren’t very pleased with the government. The strict punishments placed on anyone who speaks out coupled with limited food has caused great unrest. Something needs to be done to improve the lives of the people otherwise another rebellion could begin. Offering freedom of creativity or increasing farm output would be a simple way to improve the overall happiness of the people. Any form of government interaction would likely stir a positive response.

An Extra Effort

Countries throughout the world have considered the

USSR a failure due to the biased reports that the United States has been giving them. Recycled photos from the famine of the

1930s are being used to falsely display how terrible the USSR is to its citizens but that is not the case. In order for the rest of the world to see that the USSR is thriving, positive news needs to be leaked. If the government held events where citizens could raise questions or voice suggestions, the government would be able to improve the lives of citizens which will reduce the number of people leaving the country.

If press leaks of happy smiling citizens shaking hands with various government officials reached neutral countries such as Switzerland, they might begin to side more with the USSR than the US. Making an extra effort may seem like a waste of resources but it will actually end up improving the lives of our citizens and how other countries view us. This simple gesture could potentially create new alliances which is why it should be worth the risk.

20 Having a nice public image wouldn’t mean the Soviet Union would be completely innocent. Maintaining a good public image could actually be coverage for more corrupt activities. If we managed to become allies with Switzerland or another neutral country, we would be able to manipulate them into helping with spying on the US. There are many opportunities that can come with helping our citizens. If a country close to America was having civil unrest, the Soviet Union helping them would appear less suspicious than it would before. All options must be considered before moving on.

Our Neighbors to the South

The Soviet Union and its satellite states aren’t the only countries that have implemented communism, China, our neighbor to the East, is a strong supporter of communism. Although we

are not currently aligned with China we have been in the past

and they could prove once again to be a strong communist

ally. In 1950, the “Treaty of Sino-Soviet Friendship was

signed by the two states, conveying their reciprocal alliance.

As Chinese communist beliefs have aligned with Soviet

prospects for years, they can prove to be a vital ally in

maintaining the success of our gradually growing nation.

With constant communication and transparency between the

two neighboring countries, we will be enabled to work collectively to conquer our mutual enemy: The United States. If the Soviet Union remains open to the possibility of new relationships, we can gain military and economic advantage over the

21 United States. The major issue that comes with this solution, however, is the citizens' approval, as we can’t lose trust in the fabric that holds our country together.

22 Questions to Consider:

1. Should a war with the United States be a seriously considered option? What repercussions could war have?

2. Is the Berlin Wall more trouble than it's worth? Or would tearing it down be a sign of weakness?

3. Is the expansion of communism more valuable than preventing war? Should the USSR consider gaining more satellite states in the East?

4. What measures should be put in place to secure Soviet secrets? Can espionage be justified for the sake of safety?

5. Should the USSR attempt peace talks with western officials if tensions become too high? Could one accidental shot lead to all out ?

Additional Resources:

● https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall

● https://www.history.com/news/vietnam-war-combatants#:~:text=As%20the%20original

%20communist%20state,biggest%20contribution%20was%20in%20weaponry.

● https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/berlin-wall-built#:~:text=Two%20days%20a

fter%20sealing%20off,off%20access%20to%20the%20West.&text=In%20response%2C

%20the%20USSR%20launched,West%20to%20abandon%20the%20city.

● https://www.archives.gov/files/research/foreign-policy/cold-war/1961-berlin-crisis/overvi

ew/berlin-wall-overview.pdf

23 Committee Members (15):

Minister of Finance- Vasily Garbuzov:

Although he did not come from money, Garbuzov used his intelligence to climb through the ranks of government officials. After graduating from the Financial and Economic Institute in 1933 and finishing his post-graduate studies in 1936, Garbuzov began to teach at the school and rose to the position of Head of the Department of Political Science. This allowed him to gain lots of connections to educated people. Garbuzov has held many positions throughout his years, one of the most important being, Chairman of ​ the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. As the Minister of Finance, Garbuzov has control of the ministry of finance which in turn means the control over the confiscation of property, taxation, and the printing of money.

Marshal of the Soviet Union - Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov

Krylov commanded many armies throughout the course of his lifetime. At the beginning of World War II, he was a chief of the . Between 1943- 1945 he commanded the 21st and 5th army, this resulted in a close bond with his men. Following World War II, Krylov commanded the Far Eastern and Leningrad Military Districts. He is currently commanding the Military District and is widely regarded as a . Being the highest-ranked military official in this cabinet means that Krylov has much control over troop movement and any military developments such as top-secret military projects. With the Soviet Union on the brink of nuclear war, it is important for strong leadership to maintain the peace.

Minister of Foreign Affairs- ​ During his time serving as Minister of Foreign Trade, Gromyko made essential decisions for trade policies. Prior to his post of Minister of Foreign Trade Andrei Gromyko served as Soviet Ambassador to the US and the UK. This means that he still has some contact with political figures in the United States. After he finished as ambassador, he moved to the post of Deputy Minister of foreign affairs. Due to the fact that he was raised in a poor household, he can relate to some of the struggling citizens in the USSR. His voice will carry a lot of weight in areas that are suffering as he has lived through a similar situation. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gromkyo is responsible for regulating the Soviet Union's foreign policy.

24

Minister of Defense- Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky

Malinovsky was abandoned by his step father at the age of thirteen and was forced to live on the streets. He survived by working as a farmhand. When he was 15, his only options were to continue being an outcast living on the street or to join the army. He managed to join the army through convincing a commanding officer to let him volunteer. During the beginning of World War II he was promoted to commander and by the end of it, he was awarded the Soviet Union’s greatest honor, the order of a Hero of the Soviet Union. When Stalin died and Khrushchev took over, Malinovsky was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Ground Force. This power is often overlooked but proper leadership could ultimately be the difference between war and peace. Malinovsky is a close friend of Khrushchev but disagrees on several major issues such as how nuclear weapons should be used.

Head of the Soviet Space program-

Korolev was born into a wealthy family but when his parents separated and his mother told him that his father had died. He was very intelligent and was very well educated however, his education was admittedly accelerated due to the Soviet’s need for engineers. In his early years as an engineer, he didn’t stand out much but his talent quickly became apparent and by 1930 he became the lead engineer on the Tupolev TB-3 Heavy Bomber. Korolev aided in the creation of heavy bombers and knows a lot about the inner workings of the Soviet Union’s weapons. By the time Sputnik came around, Korolev had gained enough reputation in the field to manage the assembly of the satellite. Currently, Korolev resides over (the Soviet Space Program) and has much influence over the space race. Along with control of the space station, Korolev has much control over weapons construction making him a powerful man during both peace and war time. As an intelligent man he is well regarded by the people and will be looked to for advice even after the race to the moon ends

Soviet Spy- Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs

Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs was the son of a Lutheran pastor who attended one of the world’s oldest Universities. It was during his time at school that he became involved in politics. He was initially a member of the German Socialist party but eventually went on to join the . He later received his Phd and DSc in Britain. Being a well educated man, he is highly respected in his field of theoretical physics. He is currently a spy for the communist party and leaks crucial information about the atomic developments and relevant political

25 information. Fuchs has the capability to influence the advancements made by the Soviet Union in both Nuclear and Space travel technology.

Secretary of Moscow City Committee- Pyotr Demichev ​ Pyotr Demichev has more influence in Moscow than any other man. He is a major political figure on the rise in the Soviet Union and has much support from the people. He holds communist ideology and is very strict with his beliefs. As a man with much influence over the Soviet Union, Demichev’s words will easily sway public opinion. On top of this, Demichev has a small group of forces that is ready to adhere to his every command and maintain discretion within their actions. Demichev holds military authority within the city of Moscow and has power over some of the press. As a strong supporter of communism and will show no sympathy to anyone stating socialist or capitalist support.

German Communist Leader-

Walter Ulbricht joined the Socialist Democrat Part (SPD) of Germany at an early age. Following World War 1, he joined the Communist Party of Germany and became essential in the implementation of communist ideals in Germany. After World War II he was charged with administering the Communist . He currently holds the most control over East Germany and is essential in facilitating Soviet- German relations. Ulbricht is an avid supporter of communism and socialism. Ulbricht is seen as a powerful man as he has much control over the internal German secret service. He is respected by many Soviet Authorities and can influence the path that Eastern Germany seeks in the future.

Senior Naval Officer- Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov

Arkhipov is a highly educated naval officer who came from humble beginnings. He is well respected and recognized in his hometown of Staraya Kupavna. His ​ early career was riddled with high pressure situations, with the most notable being the K-19 accident where he prevented a nuclear meltdown from destroying his submarine. He has received several awards recognizing his service in the Navy. Arkhipov has always sided with more moderate ideals and will be strongly opposed to any aggressive actions towards the United States. He has control over the Soviet Eastern naval fleet and access to a small number of Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs).

26 Minister of Foreign Trade-

Shevardnadze has historically shown more moderate opinions and will be a major player in de-escalating tensions with the United States. Shevardnadze’s economic policies have proven to be very strong and will be key should the Soveit Union begin to over-extend itself. Shevardnadze stands out from the rest of this cabinet as he is in favor of withdrawing from satellite states and pushes for the reunification of Germany. Shevardnadze has lots of support from the people as time and time again he has pushed for civil liberties and fought against corruption. As Minister of Foreign Trade, Shevardnadze has created strong relations with prominent government figures in surrounding nations. He has the ability to negotiate trade agreements and will be essential in advising the administration on trade policies including policies surrounding .

Head of the GDR Border Patrol- Erich Peter

Erich Peter rose from being into a working class family to one the most powerful men in Eastern Germany. He currently has control of many espionage agents and single handedly is responsible for maintaining the border between Western and Eastern Germany. With these powers, he has the capability to spy on both the people of Eastern and Western Germany and is capable of influencing the actions of people in Eastern Europe. He is a strong supporter of communism and has been recognized by Soviet leaders for his commitment to the ideology.

UN Ambassador- Valerian Zorin

Zorin currently holds the position of UN Ambassador and has much influence over how other countries perceive the Soviet Union. He has held communist beliefs for many years which has allowed to progress to the position of Ambassador. He currently holds much resent towards Adlai Stevenson; however, they publicly retain ​ a strong relationship although there is much speculation as to whether or not the image is true. As UN Ambassador Zorin has the capability to contact many officials in foreign nations and manipulate the world's view of the Soviet Union. People in Eastern Europe view him as a strong representative who is level-headed and great at establishing compromises. As an ambassador, Zorin doesn’t let his personal opinions influence his decisions and follows the policy that the Soviet Union has set forward.

27 Soviet - ​ Gagarin is the first man to ever go to space and is recognized as a hero of the Soviet Union. He is a well educated man that will offer much insight into how the Soviet Union should advance in the space race. As a national hero, millions of Soviets will adhere to his every word and will follow his lead. He has the capacity to influence individuals in neighboring nations and will be essential in the gaining of more Soviet satellite states. Gargarin has much knowledge of the Soviet Space program that may prove to be beneficial to other countries. Gararin sits in one of the most powerful positions in the Soviet Union due to the amount of influence he has over other nations and individuals within the Soviet Union.

Soviet Ambassador to the United States- Aleksandr Semyonovich Panyushkin

As Ambassador to the United States, Panyushkin has held close contact with John F. Kennedy. He is a respected figure in both the United States and Eastern Europe. He is far more moderate than other members of the cabinet however only allows to let his personal opinions influence policy when seeking compromise. He was formally ambassador to China and retains strong relations with Chinese leaders. Due to his position of high authority in overseas matters, he has been assigned a guard of 10 loyal men who will adhere to his every command while retaining secrecy.

First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers-

Despite initially being disliked by Khrushchev, Alexei Kisygin was able to rise in the government. He was later assigned Khrushchev’s First Deputy Premier and travelled abroad to nations such as North Korea, Italy, Argentina, and India. The leaders of these nations have formed strong bonds with Kosygin and are looking to work with him in the future. He is well respected in the Soviet Union and will be able to rally a large amount of support. He fosters strong communist beliefs and doesn’t tolerate more moderate beliefs. He stands strongly and proudly with his beliefs and will not easily compromise on his opinions.

28 ☭

29