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ROMANI in the BALKAN LINGUISTIC LEAGUE Victor A
Romani in the Balkan Linguistic League 1 ROMANI IN THE BALKAN LINGUISTIC LEAGUE Valkanike @Glossologia:@ Sygkhronia kai Diakhronia/Balkanlinguistik: Synchronie und Diachronie, ed. by Chr. Tzitzilis and Kh. Symeonidełs. Thessaloniki: University of Thessaloniki. 2000. 95-105. Victor A. Friedman University of Chicago 1. INTRODUCTION The Romani language raises serious and interesting theoretical questions for the concept of the linguistic league in general and for the concept of Balkan linguistic league in particular. In this paper I wish to examine some aspects of Romani as a Balkan language and the question of Balkanisms in general. The Balkanization of Romani must be understood on several levels. From a strictly structural point of view, we can distinguish three levels of Balkanization in Romani: 1) the earliest pre-European diaspora which resulted from contact with Greek (but also with Slavic), 2) the continued contact shared by all those dialects that remained in the Balkans, whether on Austro-Hungarian or Ottoman territory, 3) the intensive contact of sedentarized dialects. Moreover, a striking feature of Balkanization in Romani is that while it has obvious effects on certain aspects at all levels from phonology through syntax, there are other areas that in the canonical Balkan languages (i.e. Albanian, Greek, Balkan Romance, and Balkan Slavic) show the effects of Balkanization but in Romani do not. I would argue that this might not be for structural reasons but rather for sociolinguistic ones. Owing to the specific social position of Romani, resistance and boundary maintenance play a special communicative role that results in the differential adoption of Balkan features. -
Romani Syntactic Typology Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras
Romani Syntactic Typology Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras To cite this version: Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras. Romani Syntactic Typology. Yaron Matras; Anton Tenser. The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Springer, pp.187-227, 2020, 978-3-030-28104- 5. 10.1007/978-3-030-28105-2_7. halshs-02965238 HAL Id: halshs-02965238 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02965238 Submitted on 13 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Romani syntactic typology Evangelia Adamou and Yaron Matras 1. State of the art This chapter presents an overview of the principal syntactic-typological features of Romani dialects. It draws on the discussion in Matras (2002, chapter 7) while taking into consideration more recent studies. In particular, we draw on the wealth of morpho- syntactic data that have since become available via the Romani Morpho-Syntax (RMS) database.1 The RMS data are based on responses to the Romani Morpho-Syntax questionnaire recorded from Romani speaking communities across Europe and beyond. We try to take into account a representative sample. We also take into consideration data from free-speech recordings available in the RMS database and the Pangloss Collection. -
Analogy in Lovari Morphology
Analogy in Lovari Morphology Márton András Baló Ph.D. dissertation Supervisor: László Kálmán C.Sc. Doctoral School of Linguistics Gábor Tolcsvai Nagy MHAS Theoretical Linguistics Doctoral Programme Zoltán Bánréti C.Sc. Department of Theoretical Linguistics Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest Budapest, 2016 Contents 1. General introduction 4 1.1. The aim of the study of language . 4 2. Analogy in grammar 4 2.1. Patterns and exemplars versus rules and categories . 4 2.2. Analogy and similarity . 6 2.3. Neither synchronic, nor diachronic . 9 2.4. Variation and frequency . 10 2.5. Rich memory and exemplars . 12 2.6. Paradigms . 14 2.7. Patterns, prototypes and modelling . 15 3. Introduction to the Romani language 18 3.1. Discovery, early history and research . 18 3.2. Later history . 21 3.3. Para-Romani . 22 3.4. Recent research . 23 3.5. Dialects . 23 3.6. The Romani people in Hungary . 28 3.7. Dialects in Hungary . 29 3.8. Dialect diversity and dialectal pluralism . 31 3.9. Current research activities . 33 3.10. Research of Romani in Hungary . 34 3.11. The current research . 35 4. The Lovari sound system 37 4.1. Consonants . 37 4.2. Vowels . 37 4.3. Stress . 38 5. A critical description of Lovari morphology 38 5.1. Nominal inflection . 38 5.1.1. Gender . 39 5.1.2. Animacy . 40 5.1.3. Case . 42 5.1.4. Additional features. 47 5.2. Verbal inflection . 50 5.2.1. The present tense . 50 5.2.2. Verb derivation. 54 5.2.2.1. Transitive derivational markers . -
Place Names in Romani and Bayash Communities in Hungary1
ONOMÀSTICA 6 (2020): 191-215 | RECEPCIÓ 27.10.2019 | ACCEPTACIÓ 15.1.2020 Place names in Romani and Bayash communities in Hungary1 Mátyás Rosenberg Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] Gábor Mikesy Lechner Knowledge Centre [email protected] Andrea Bölcskei Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary [email protected] Abstract: Research into Romani and Bayash toponyms in Hungary lags significantly behind the study of the place names of other minorities, a fact attributable to the only relatively recent appearance of Romani Studies and a number of other historical factors. Among the latter, it should be borne in mind that Romani and Bayash communities only became the dominant populations in certain areas of Hungary in the last few decades and that the standard written versions of the Romani and Bayash linguistic varieties are still being formed. This study describes the main features of the ethnic and linguistic divisions of the Roma communities in Hungary; the problems of Romani and Bayash literacy; and initial attempts at collecting Romani and Bayash toponyms in the country. Although an elaborate, widely used system of Romani and Bayash settlement names exists, the collection and analysis of the microtoponyms is hindered by the fact that the settlement of the Roma population is only a fairly recent event and that the communities have not typically been involved in agriculture, an occupation much more closely associated with the use of these names. This paper provides, for the first time, a summary of the results of several toponymic field studies conducted in Hungary’s Romani and Bayash communities. -
Map by Steve Huffman; Data from World Language Mapping System
Svalbard Greenland Jan Mayen Norwegian Norwegian Icelandic Iceland Finland Norway Swedish Sweden Swedish Faroese FaroeseFaroese Faroese Faroese Norwegian Russia Swedish Swedish Swedish Estonia Scottish Gaelic Russian Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Latvia Latvian Scots Denmark Scottish Gaelic Danish Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Danish Danish Lithuania Lithuanian Standard German Swedish Irish Gaelic Northern Frisian English Danish Isle of Man Northern FrisianNorthern Frisian Irish Gaelic English United Kingdom Kashubian Irish Gaelic English Belarusan Irish Gaelic Belarus Welsh English Western FrisianGronings Ireland DrentsEastern Frisian Dutch Sallands Irish Gaelic VeluwsTwents Poland Polish Irish Gaelic Welsh Achterhoeks Irish Gaelic Zeeuws Dutch Upper Sorbian Russian Zeeuws Netherlands Vlaams Upper Sorbian Vlaams Dutch Germany Standard German Vlaams Limburgish Limburgish PicardBelgium Standard German Standard German WalloonFrench Standard German Picard Picard Polish FrenchLuxembourgeois Russian French Czech Republic Czech Ukrainian Polish French Luxembourgeois Polish Polish Luxembourgeois Polish Ukrainian French Rusyn Ukraine Swiss German Czech Slovakia Slovak Ukrainian Slovak Rusyn Breton Croatian Romanian Carpathian Romani Kazakhstan Balkan Romani Ukrainian Croatian Moldova Standard German Hungary Switzerland Standard German Romanian Austria Greek Swiss GermanWalser CroatianStandard German Mongolia RomanschWalser Standard German Bulgarian Russian France French Slovene Bulgarian Russian French LombardRomansch Ladin Slovene Standard -
Poland 1St Report Public EN Prov
Strasbourg, 7 December 2011 ECRML (2011) 5 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES APPLICATION OF THE CHARTER IN POLAND Initial monitoring cycle A. Report of the Committee of Experts on the Charter B. Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the application of the Charter by Poland The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages provides for a control mechanism to evaluate how the Charter is applied in a State Party with a view to, where necessary, making Recommendations for improvements in its legislation, policy and practices. The central element of this procedure is the Committee of Experts, established in accordance with Article 17 of the Charter. Its principal purpose is to examine the real situation of the regional or minority languages in the State, to report to the Committee of Ministers on its evaluation of compliance by a Party with its undertakings, and, where appropriate, to encourage the Party to gradually reach a higher level of commitment. To facilitate this task, the Committee of Ministers has adopted, in accordance with Article 15.1, an outline for the periodical reports that a Party is required to submit to the Secretary General. The report shall be made public by the government concerned. This outline requires the State to give an account of the concrete application of the Charter, the general policy for the languages protected under its Part II and in more precise terms all measures that have been taken in application of the provisions chosen for each language protected under Part III of the Charter. -
On the Possessive Form with the Affix -Ker- in Romani*
ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES, 13 , 2004, 1, 104-113 ON THE POSSESSIVE FORM WITH THE AFFIX -KER- IN ROMANI* Anna RAcovA Institute of Oriental and African Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovakia In Romani studies literature, the form with the affix -ker- -ger- is regarded as the genitive form of nouns or as possessive adjective. On the basis of analysis of the views of various authors and analysis of Romani texts, we came to the conclusion that the given form needs to be regarded as a possessive adjective. The majority of authors mention the form with the affix -ker- in the singular and -ger- in the plural, in descriptions of the case system of Romani, whether theoretical works or textbooks and manuals of the Romani language. They usu ally assign it to the case system as the genitive, but they realize its exceptional position in this system, and some also attempt to explain why it belongs or does not belong to this system. For example, J. Lípa (1963) devoted appropriate at tention in a description of the Humenné dialect of Slovak Carpathian Romani (in his terminology Czechoslovak Romani). According to Lípa, Romani has only three cases: direct, oblique and vocative (p.45). The direct case expresses the subject and object. In the further description, some disproportion occurs, since in an attempt to approximate the “Gypsy declension for interested Czechs” he speaks, when describing the meaning of the direct case, of nomina tive and accusative, but has to admit that the direct case in the function of the accusative is expressed in text by a form of the oblique case. -
American Community Survey and Puerto Rico Community Survey
American Community Survey and Puerto Rico Community Survey 2016 Code List 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ANCESTRY CODE LIST 3 FIELD OF DEGREE CODE LIST 25 GROUP QUARTERS CODE LIST 31 HISPANIC ORIGIN CODE LIST 32 INDUSTRY CODE LIST 35 LANGUAGE CODE LIST 44 OCCUPATION CODE LIST 80 PLACE OF BIRTH, MIGRATION, & PLACE OF WORK CODE LIST 95 RACE CODE LIST 105 2 Ancestry Code List ANCESTRY CODE WESTERN EUROPE (EXCEPT SPAIN) 001-099 . ALSATIAN 001 . ANDORRAN 002 . AUSTRIAN 003 . TIROL 004 . BASQUE 005 . FRENCH BASQUE 006 . SPANISH BASQUE 007 . BELGIAN 008 . FLEMISH 009 . WALLOON 010 . BRITISH 011 . BRITISH ISLES 012 . CHANNEL ISLANDER 013 . GIBRALTARIAN 014 . CORNISH 015 . CORSICAN 016 . CYPRIOT 017 . GREEK CYPRIOTE 018 . TURKISH CYPRIOTE 019 . DANISH 020 . DUTCH 021 . ENGLISH 022 . FAROE ISLANDER 023 . FINNISH 024 . KARELIAN 025 . FRENCH 026 . LORRAINIAN 027 . BRETON 028 . FRISIAN 029 . FRIULIAN 030 . LADIN 031 . GERMAN 032 . BAVARIAN 033 . BERLINER 034 3 ANCESTRY CODE WESTERN EUROPE (EXCEPT SPAIN) (continued) . HAMBURGER 035 . HANNOVER 036 . HESSIAN 037 . LUBECKER 038 . POMERANIAN 039 . PRUSSIAN 040 . SAXON 041 . SUDETENLANDER 042 . WESTPHALIAN 043 . EAST GERMAN 044 . WEST GERMAN 045 . GREEK 046 . CRETAN 047 . CYCLADIC ISLANDER 048 . ICELANDER 049 . IRISH 050 . ITALIAN 051 . TRIESTE 052 . ABRUZZI 053 . APULIAN 054 . BASILICATA 055 . CALABRIAN 056 . AMALFIAN 057 . EMILIA ROMAGNA 058 . ROMAN 059 . LIGURIAN 060 . LOMBARDIAN 061 . MARCHE 062 . MOLISE 063 . NEAPOLITAN 064 . PIEDMONTESE 065 . PUGLIA 066 . SARDINIAN 067 . SICILIAN 068 . TUSCAN 069 4 ANCESTRY CODE WESTERN EUROPE (EXCEPT SPAIN) (continued) . TRENTINO 070 . UMBRIAN 071 . VALLE DAOSTA 072 . VENETIAN 073 . SAN MARINO 074 . LAPP 075 . LIECHTENSTEINER 076 . LUXEMBURGER 077 . MALTESE 078 . MANX 079 . -
ROMANI GRAMMAR by Marcel Courthiade
ROMANI GRAMMAR by Marcel Courthiade Volume 1: General Information, Phonology, and Morphology Translated from Albanian by Geoff Husič Originally published in Tirana, Albania, 1989 as Gramatika e gjuhes rrome Notes on the digital edition I originally completed this translation in 1989 and have recently digitized the print edition, the original text file of which is in a now-unconvertable format. Other than the few chances mentioned below, this pdf is identical to the print version. I have changed the original spelling of Romany to the more moden spelling Romani. Replacing text in a PDF is a fairly clunky procedure so there may be a few resulting format abberations. It was also not possible to change the spelling in few cases in the images in the text. The name of the author has been changed from Marcel Cortiade to his preferred spelling Marcel Courthiade. Geoff Husić Slavic & Near East Studies Librarian University of Kansas Libraries December 4, 2019 Contents Translator's Preface iv Part I: General Information On Romani. 1 The Common Romani Language • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 1 Romany's Relationship To Other Languages • • • • • • • • • . 1 The Distribution of Romani and The Dialectal Composition• • . 3 Creolized and Atypical Dialects . • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 True Romani Dialects • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 • Standardization . • • • • • • ••••• • • . • • . 7 •The Principal of • • • • • • • • • • 7 StandardizationOne Common Standard, With Three Levels of Tolerance . • • . 10 The Common Romani Alphabet • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 12 Part 2: Phonology •• 15 Vowels . 15 Basic Vowels • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 15 Pre-jotizing Vowels • • • • • • • • • • • . • . 15 Vowels Distinctive To Particular Dialects • • • • . • . 15 Stress . 17 Stress in Declined Words • . • . • • • • • • • • . • • 17 Stress in Conjugated Words • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 20 Stress in invariable Words • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 22 Conclusion and Practical Application • • • • • • • • . 22 Consonants • • • • . -
Balkan and Turkish Romani Music and Dance Resources (PDF)
English Language Resources on Balkan and Turkish Romani Music and Dance Books/articles: Ian Hancock: We are the Romani People (University of Hertfordshire Press 2002). ------ "On Romani Origins and Identity" http://radoc.net/radoc.php?doc=art_b_history_origins&lang=en&articles= Sonia Seeman: Sounding Roman: Representation and Performing Identity in Western Turkey (Oxford, 2019) ------ 2012. Macedonian Čalgija: A Musical Refashioning of National Identity. Ethnomusicology Forum 21(3): 295-326 (2012). Carol Silverman: Romani Routes: Cultural Politics and Balkan Music in Diaspora (Oxford 2012). ------ Ivo Papazov’s Balkanology (Global 33 1/3 Series) Bloomsbury Press, Fall 2021. ------ 2019. Negotiating Gender, Community, and Ethnicity: Balkan Romani Transnational Weddings. In Music in the American Diasporic Wedding, ed. Inna Naroditskaya. Indiana University Press. ------ 2019. From Reflexivity to Collaboration: Changing Roles of a non-Romani Scholar/activist/performer. Critical Romani Studies 1(2): 43-6. ------ 201. Community Beyond Locality: Circuits of Transnational Macedonian Romani Music. In Routledge Companion to the Study of Local Musicking, eds. Kate Brucher and Suzel Reily. Routledge Press. ------ 2015. Gypsy/Klezmer Dialectics: Jewish and Romani Traces and Erasures in Contemporary European World Music. Ethnomusicology Forum 24(2):159-180. ------ 2015. DJs and the Production of “Gypsy” Music: “Balkan Beats” as Contested Commodity. Western Folklore 74(1): 1-27. -------- Global Gypsy: Balkan Romani Music, Appropriation & Representation. 2016 American Folklife Center, Library of Congress Lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyN_nqxA4M0&t=3082s Alexander Markovic. 2015. ‘So That We Look More Gypsy’: Strategic Performances and Ambivalent Discourses of Romani Brass for the World Music Scene.” Ethnomusicology Forum 24(2): 260-285. ----. 2013. “Beat That Drum! Exploring the Politics of Performance Among Roma Brass Musicians in Vranje, Serbia.” Forum Folkloristika 1(2). -
Christians in Eastern Europe
A Preliminary Analysis of the Central and Eastern Europe GCPN Region This report is a preliminary analysis of Central and Eastern Europe, prepared for the Global Church Planting Network (GCPN) in conjunction with OC International. The purpose of GCPN is to connect people and resources to accelerate church planting among all the peoples, languages, nations, cities, and villages of the world, with the expectation of communities being transformed to the Glory of God. (More about GCPN can be found at www.GCPN.info.) As we began to contemplate what the next steps toward this end might be, those that suit the present context of Central and Eastern Europe, it quickly became clear that a deeper understanding of the region was necessary. So first, we set out to analyze the existing information about the Harvest Force and Harvest Field. Hence this report, which draws heavily upon the information published by Operation World and the Joshua Project, strives to describe some of the religious, ethnic and linguistic realities found in Central and Eastern Europe that disciple making movements must grapple with. A two page executive summary follows as well as sixteen pages of supporting maps, tables and graphs. Also we saw that it would be important to identify the key Christian leaders in the region, those coordinating prayer networks, church planting efforts, research and mission mobilization for each country in the region. This “snapshot,” it was hoped, would give us a better understanding of what was already happening. To gather this information, a survey was sent to approximately 160 leaders in Central and Eastern Europe in November 2012. -
En Considering Roma People and Their Relation with Ocieties, It Is Important to Consider Two Common Ki Ers: Barriers Based on Li
Whensocieties, considering it is important Roma people to consider and their two relation common with kinds other of barriers:on communication barriers based issues. on Whilelinguistic the firstissues item and isbarriers related basedto the moregroup related composition to the communication and cultural heritage, process thebetween second Romani one is Not all Roma people share a common language or only one dialect, which may complicate the interaction between two different sub-groups and, or, between one group and the other cultures. Not restall of the Roma society. For example, people a segment of theshare Roma communitiesWhen a common across considering Europe language Roma people or only and their one relation with dialect,speaks a dialect which of Romani (the may traditional complicate language) althoughother usually theysocieties, the also speak, interaction it is important between to consider two two common differentto varioussub-groups degrees, the majority language and, of the countryor, they between livekinds or lived in. Sometimesof barriers:one group barriers and thebased rest on linguisticof issues Romani is confused with the Romanian language, although theyand are twobarriers completely based on communication issues. While the the society.separate languages For with differentexample, origins. This maya makesegment communicationfirst more of difficultitem the is Roma related communities to the group composition and acrossfor CSOs or policeEurope officers: in case speaks an interpreter is required,a dialect culturalit is important ofto clarify heritage, Romani the (the second traditional one is more related to language)what languagealthough will meet the person’s usually needs best and, thosethey whothe speak also Romanicommunication willspeak, follow to processvarious between degrees, Romani and other an interpreter speaking the standard dialect.