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Afghanistan Recognizes Chechnya Thomas D
American University International Law Review Volume 15 | Issue 4 Article 3 2000 Current Development: Afghanistan Recognizes Chechnya Thomas D. Grant Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Grant, Thomas D. "Current Development: Afghanistan Recognizes Chechnya." American University International Law Review 15, no. 4 (2000): 869-894. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT: AFGHANISTAN RECOGNIZES CHECHNYA THOMAS D. GRANT* INTRODUCTION .............................................. 869 I. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STATUS OF THE TALIBAN GOVERNMENT ............................ ............. 872 II. ENDING THE DIPLOMATIC BLOCKADE? ............... 880 m. HUMANITARIAN RECOGNITION ........................ 886 CON CLU SION ................................................. 894 INTRODUCTION On Sunday, January 16, 2000, the Taliban government of Af- ghanistan recognized the secessionist government of Chechnya and, moreover, recognized Chechnya as an independent State. Through its foreign minister, Wakil Ahmad Mutawakel, the Afghan government stated, "the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has decided to accord immediate recognition to the government of an independent Chech- nya."' This statement of recognition was followed a week later by an announcement that the Chechen government was opening an em- * Visiting Fellow, 1999-2000, Max-Planck-lnstitute for International Law, Heidelberg, Germany. Fellow-elect, St. Anne's College, Oxford. The author thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for its Bundeskanzler Scholarship, which has supported his work in Heidelberg. -
ROMANI in the BALKAN LINGUISTIC LEAGUE Victor A
Romani in the Balkan Linguistic League 1 ROMANI IN THE BALKAN LINGUISTIC LEAGUE Valkanike @Glossologia:@ Sygkhronia kai Diakhronia/Balkanlinguistik: Synchronie und Diachronie, ed. by Chr. Tzitzilis and Kh. Symeonidełs. Thessaloniki: University of Thessaloniki. 2000. 95-105. Victor A. Friedman University of Chicago 1. INTRODUCTION The Romani language raises serious and interesting theoretical questions for the concept of the linguistic league in general and for the concept of Balkan linguistic league in particular. In this paper I wish to examine some aspects of Romani as a Balkan language and the question of Balkanisms in general. The Balkanization of Romani must be understood on several levels. From a strictly structural point of view, we can distinguish three levels of Balkanization in Romani: 1) the earliest pre-European diaspora which resulted from contact with Greek (but also with Slavic), 2) the continued contact shared by all those dialects that remained in the Balkans, whether on Austro-Hungarian or Ottoman territory, 3) the intensive contact of sedentarized dialects. Moreover, a striking feature of Balkanization in Romani is that while it has obvious effects on certain aspects at all levels from phonology through syntax, there are other areas that in the canonical Balkan languages (i.e. Albanian, Greek, Balkan Romance, and Balkan Slavic) show the effects of Balkanization but in Romani do not. I would argue that this might not be for structural reasons but rather for sociolinguistic ones. Owing to the specific social position of Romani, resistance and boundary maintenance play a special communicative role that results in the differential adoption of Balkan features. -
Indian Country Women Leading in Prescribed Fire
U.S. Department of the Interior Branch of Wildland Fire Management Bureau of Indian Affairs National Interagency Fire Center Tweet us @BIAFireForestry Boise, ID. 83705 Facebook: @BIAFireForestry https://www.bia.gov/bia/ots/dfwfm/bwfm First-of-its-kind Project for the Southern Border Fuels Management Initiative Underway at Cocopah Indian Reservation July, 2019 Located along the Colorado River 13 miles south of Yuma, Arizona, and 15 miles north of San Luis, Mexico is the Cocopah Reservation. Its unique boundaries border Mexico, Arizona and California. Thriving along the banks is an invasive and dangerous plant called salt cedar. Its roots drink deeply, helping to lower the water table and adding large deposits of salt to the soil. As its roots and branches grow, its prolific and highly flammable branches threaten wetland ecosystems and create a significant fire hazard to neighboring communities when wildfires occur. It is also choking out the native willow, cottonwood, and mesquite trees the Cocopah people use for cultural and spiritual purposes. Firefighters from Fort Apache Agency remove invasive salt cedar brush from the Cocopah Reservation as part of the Southern Border Fuels Management Initiative, 2019. Image courtesy of the Cocopah Indian Tribe. While removing salt cedar is a common management practice along the Reservation’s land mass. In total, 1,359 to help them thrive. When conditions Colorado River, this $563 thousand, acres of invasive and foreign salt cedar cool and become wetter, firefighters four-year treatment plan, funded by the will be treated, preserving the tribe’s will also burn the piles created from the Department of the Interior, Office of valuable economic investments and debris, returning nutrients to the soil. -
THE UNIVERSITY of ARIZONA PRESS Celebrating 60 Years
THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS FALL 2019 Celebrating 60 Years The University of Arizona Press is the premier publisher of academic, regional, and literary works in the state of Arizona. We disseminate ideas and knowledge of lasting value that enrich understanding, inspire curiosity, and enlighten readers. We advance the University of Arizona’s mission by connecting scholarship and creative expression to readers worldwide. CONTENTS AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES, 10 ANTHROPOLOGY, 18, 19, 21, 25, 26 ARCHAEOLOGY, 30 ARTS, 2–3 BORDER STUDIES, 9, 18, 19, 20, 29 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, 4–5 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 24, 26, 27 ETHNOBIOLOGY, 27 HISTORY, 2–3, 9, 16, 20, 29 INDIGNEOUS STUDIES, 6, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28 LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29 LATINX STUDIES, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15 LITERATURE, 7 POETRY, 6, 8 SOCIAL JUSTICE, 10, 13, 14, 15, 24 SPACE SCIENCE, 31 WATER, 4–5 RECENTLY PUBLISHED, 32–35 RECENT BEST SELLERS, 36–42 OPEN ARIZONA, 43 SALES INFORMATION, 44 CATALOG DESIGN BY LEIGH MCDONALD COVER PHOTO [FRONT] COMPOSITE BY LEIGH MCDONALD [INSIDE] BY NOSHA/FLICKR PRAISE FOR JAMES S. GRIFFITH TITLE OF THE BOOK SUBTITLE OF THE BOOK GOES HERE “Griffith recognizes the interdependence that has grown between the Tucsonese culture AUTHORand its folk NAME arts traditions.” —High Country News Keynote keynote keynote keynote keynote keynote keynote keynote Keynote keynote keynote keynote “Like a friend or relative who is eager to introduce visitors to the sights and sounds of his hometown, Griffith leads readers on a whirlwind tour celebrating Mexicano arts and crafts.” Repudant. -
Cornishness and Englishness: Nested Identities Or Incompatible Ideologies?
CORNISHNESS AND ENGLISHNESS: NESTED IDENTITIES OR INCOMPATIBLE IDEOLOGIES? Bernard Deacon (International Journal of Regional and Local History 5.2 (2009), pp.9-29) In 2007 I suggested in the pages of this journal that the history of English regional identities may prove to be ‘in practice elusive and insubstantial’.1 Not long after those words were written a history of the north east of England was published by its Centre for Regional History. Pursuing the question of whether the north east was a coherent and self-conscious region over the longue durée, the editors found a ‘very fragile history of an incoherent and barely self-conscious region’ with a sense of regional identity that only really appeared in the second half of the twentieth century.2 If the north east, widely regarded as the most coherent English region, lacks a historical identity then it is likely to be even more illusory in other regions. Although rigorously testing the past existence of a regional discourse and finding it wanting, Green and Pollard’s book also reminds us that history is not just about scientific accounts of the past. They recognise that history itself is ‘an important element in the construction of the region … Memory of the past is deployed, selectively and creatively, as one means of imagining it … We choose the history we want, to show the kind of region we want to be’.3 In the north east that choice has seemingly crystallised around a narrative of industrialization focused on the coalfield and the gradual imposition of a Tyneside hegemony over the centuries following 1650. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Romani Syntactic Typology Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras
Romani Syntactic Typology Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras To cite this version: Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras. Romani Syntactic Typology. Yaron Matras; Anton Tenser. The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Springer, pp.187-227, 2020, 978-3-030-28104- 5. 10.1007/978-3-030-28105-2_7. halshs-02965238 HAL Id: halshs-02965238 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02965238 Submitted on 13 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Romani syntactic typology Evangelia Adamou and Yaron Matras 1. State of the art This chapter presents an overview of the principal syntactic-typological features of Romani dialects. It draws on the discussion in Matras (2002, chapter 7) while taking into consideration more recent studies. In particular, we draw on the wealth of morpho- syntactic data that have since become available via the Romani Morpho-Syntax (RMS) database.1 The RMS data are based on responses to the Romani Morpho-Syntax questionnaire recorded from Romani speaking communities across Europe and beyond. We try to take into account a representative sample. We also take into consideration data from free-speech recordings available in the RMS database and the Pangloss Collection. -
Conflict and Peace in India's Northeast: the Role of Civil Society
42 About this Issue Previous Publications: Policy Studies 42 Policy Studies Policy This monograph examines the role of civil Policy Studies 41 society groups in peace building in three con- Muslim Perspectives on the Sri Lankan flict regions in India’s Northeast—Assam, Conflict Naga Hills/Nagaland, and Mizo Hills/Mizoram. Dennis B. McGilvray, University of Colorado These political conflicts are complex with each at Boulder conflict representing a cacophony of compet- Mirak Raheem, Centre for Policy Alternatives, ing, often zero-sum demands. Colombo In investigating the role of civil society Policy Studies 40 groups, the study distinguishes between “offi- Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Northeast in India’s Conflict and Peace cial” (between the Government of India and Ideology: Implications for Politics and certain insurgent organizations) and “unoffi- Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka cial” peace processes at the local level that Neil DeVotta, Hartwick College makes coexistence of diverse communities Policy Studies 39 Conflict and Peace possible despite the continuing violence. Assessing Burma’s Ceasefire Accords These two processes reflect very different Zaw Oo, American University ways of addressing conflict and defining the Win Min, Independent Researcher, Thailand in India’s Northeast: role of civil society groups in peace building. In the official peace process, the role of Policy Studies 38 civil society groups is to bring warring parties The United Wa State Party: to the negotiating table, set forth potentially Narco-Army or Ethnic Nationalist Party? The Role of Civil Society agreeable ceasefire terms, and suggest possible Tom Kramer, Transnational Institute, Amsterdam settlements. The emphasis is on finding solu- tions at the macro level in the belief that set- Policy Studies 37 Samir Kumar Das tlement will also lead to resolution of micro The Islamist Threat in Southeast Asia: level problems. -
The Future of the Caucasus After the Second Chechen War
CEPS Working Document No. 148 The Future of the Caucasus after the Second Chechen War Papers from a Brainstorming Conference held at CEPS 27-28 January 2000 Edited by Michael Emerson and Nathalie Tocci July 2000 A Short Introduction to the Chechen Problem Alexandru Liono1 Abstract The problems surrounding the Chechen conflict are indeed many and difficult to tackle. This paper aims at unveiling some of the mysteries covering the issue of so-called “Islamic fundamentalism” in Chechnya. A comparison of the native Sufi branch of Islam and the imported Wahhaby ideology is made, in order to discover the contradictions and the conflicts that the spreading of the latter inflicted in the Chechen society. Furthermore, the paper investigates the main challenges President Aslan Maskhadov was facing at the beginning of his mandate, and the way he managed to cope with them. The paper does not attempt to cover all the aspects of the Chechen problem; nevertheless, a quick enumeration of other factors influencing the developments in Chechnya in the past three years is made. 1 Research assistant Danish Institute of International Affairs (DUPI) 1 1. Introduction To address the issues of stability in North Caucasus in general and in Chechnya in particular is a difficult task. The factors that have contributed to the start of the first and of the second armed conflicts in Chechnya are indeed many. History, politics, economy, traditions, religion, all of them contributed to a certain extent to the launch of what began as an anti-terrorist operation and became a full scale armed conflict. The narrow framework of this presentation does not allow for an exhaustive analysis of the Russian- Chechen relations and of the permanent tensions that existed there during the known history of that part of North Caucasus. -
Women, Business and the Law 2020 World Bank Group
WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2020 AND THE LAW BUSINESS WOMEN, WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2020 WORLD BANK GROUP WORLD WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2020 © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 23 22 21 20 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the govern- ments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2020. Women, Business and the Law 2020. -
The Extent and Nature of the Cprs in the Northeast I. the Concept Of
The Extent and Nature of the CPRs in the Northeast The Common Property Resources (CPRs) are important sources of livelihood to rural households in general and to the rural poor in particular. They are the livelihood both tangible and intangible of thousands of people. Far from being an exception to this, since most North Eastern States are on a hilly terrain inhabited by tribals, the CPRs play a more important role in people’s livelihood in this region than in the rest of India. The North Eastern economy is agrarian . Agriculture is the principal means of livelihood of most of its people 47.4 percent of whom are cultivators and 11.41 percent earn their livelihood as agricultural labourers. Table 2 shows the significance of land as a source of livelihood of the people of the Northeast. Thus, agriculture occupies an important place in the economy of the region but other sectors are neglected. 70 to 75 percent of the workforce of the region depends on the primary sector against 66 percent in India as a whole. More than 20 percent depend on the tertiary sector. These figures show the importance of CPRs as a source of livelihood of people of the region. I. The Concept of CPRs in General and in North East India The CPRs are community assets that provide both tangible and intangible livelihood (Shyhendra 2002: 3291) to their dependants. They include land used for cultivation and grazing, forests from which non-timber forest produce (NTFP) are collected, waste and panchayat land, watersheds, rivulets, rivers, ponds and other community assets. -
Extensions of Remarks
November 16, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29607 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS UNDERESTIMATING THE COST creases under statehood which differ radi exemption that would be precipitously OF STATEHOOD IN PLEBISCITE cally from those of the Energy and Natural ended · by the advent of statehood. The ON PUERTO RICO'S FUTURE Resources Committee Report. The cumula elimination of federal tax exemption would tive difference in the two estimates over have at least three major effects upon the just four years is $5.711 billion, a significant island's economy. First, it would deprive the HON. JAIME B. FUSTER sum that brings up estimates of additional local government of most of the funds it OF PUERTO RICO federal expenditures for Puerto Rico to now has, largely diminishing its role as the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $9.33 billion in the first 4 years of state main support of the Puerto Rican economy. hood. Exemption from federal taxes has permit Thursday, November 16, 1989 Even CBO's very broad assessment is not ted Puerto Rico to support a large public Mr. FUSTER. Mr. Speaker, once again I call yet complete. For one, the Congressional sector providing vital public services and to the attention of my colleagues develop Research Service had identified for us an employing more than a third of the work ments in the ongoing legislative process for a additional $107,778,000 which Puerto Rico force. Financing for this huge public sector congressionally sanctioned political status would have received in Title I education comes mainly from Puerto Rico income plebiscite in Puerto Rico.