The Extent and Nature of the Cprs in the Northeast I. the Concept Of
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Development of Education Among the Tangkhul in Ukhrul (Is an Abstract of the Presenter Thesis Entitle “Education of the Tribal
© 2021 JETIR February 2021, Volume 8, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Development of Education among the Tangkhul in Ukhrul (is an abstract of the presenter thesis entitle “Education of the Tribals in Manipur- development, practice and problems with special reference to Ukhrul District) Dr. Khayi Philawon Assistant professor Pettigrew College Introduction:- Ukhrul is located at the east of Manipur state. It has an average elevation of 1662m (5452feet) above the sea level. It has wet summer and cold, dry winter. Ukhrul district is divided into two district recently as Ukhrul District and Kamjong District. But the present study will be limited till 1991. The Tangkhul Naga tribe inhabit the Ukhrul district. The tribals of Manipur is broadly categorise into the Nagas and the Kuki-Chin tribes. The 31 tribes, of Manipur falls into these two major tribes of Manipur Nagas Kukichin 1. Ailmol 1. Zou 2. Anal 2. Simte 3. Angami 3. Gangte 4. Chiru 4. Any Mizo 5. Chothe 5. Hmar 6. Koireng 6.Thadou – Ralte 7. Kairao 7. Paite 8. Maram/Thangal 8.Vaiphei – Salhte 9. Lamkang 10. Zeliang – Pumei – Rongmei – Rong – Kaccha Naga – Zemi – Liangmei 11. Kom 12. Tarao – Mayon 13. Mao – Paomei 14. Maring 15. Purum 16. Sema JETIR2102233 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 1926 © 2021 JETIR February 2021, Volume 8, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) The Tangkhuls are one Naga tribes of Manipur. Though the majority of the people settle in Ukhrul district, they were scattered all over Manipur. The Tangkhuls were tall with large head and heavy stoiled feature, as a rule. -
Understanding the Origin of the Terms 'WUNG', 'HAO' and 'TANGKHUL'
International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 3(5), 36-40, May (2014) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. Understanding the Origin of the terms ‘WUNG’, ‘HAO’ and ‘TANGKHUL’ Mawon Somingam Department of Cultural and Creative Studies, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU) Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 7th March 2014, revised 10 th April 2014, accepted 12 th May 2014 Abstract Understanding the origin and meaning of nomenclature of the ‘people’ or term referring to the ‘people’ is as important as identity of the people itself. At times, terms and nomenclatures of the ‘people’ are given by non locals. In the Naga context, the term ‘Naga’ itself is non-local, nomenclature of its federating tribes like Tangkhul is non-local, and names of many Tangkhul villages like Ukhrul, Tushen, Lambui, and Hundung etc. are given by non local administrators, missionaries, anthropologists and neighbouring communities among others. The core focus of the paper is to understand the origin of the terms WUNG, HAO and TANGKHUL. It also brings in the hypothesis of ‘Tangkhul-Meitei Origin’ while attempting to understand the people in brief. One of the main arguments of the paper is that the term HAO is the original or traditional nomenclature of the Tangkhul Nagas. Keywords : Wung, Hao, Tangkhul, Meitei, Christian and People. Introduction “Wung is no longer use today, neither by the people themselves, nor in official transaction” 5. However, it would be wrong to say Though there is no consensus among the local writers and that the term wung is no longer in use today. -
Conflict and Peace in India's Northeast: the Role of Civil Society
42 About this Issue Previous Publications: Policy Studies 42 Policy Studies Policy This monograph examines the role of civil Policy Studies 41 society groups in peace building in three con- Muslim Perspectives on the Sri Lankan flict regions in India’s Northeast—Assam, Conflict Naga Hills/Nagaland, and Mizo Hills/Mizoram. Dennis B. McGilvray, University of Colorado These political conflicts are complex with each at Boulder conflict representing a cacophony of compet- Mirak Raheem, Centre for Policy Alternatives, ing, often zero-sum demands. Colombo In investigating the role of civil society Policy Studies 40 groups, the study distinguishes between “offi- Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Northeast in India’s Conflict and Peace cial” (between the Government of India and Ideology: Implications for Politics and certain insurgent organizations) and “unoffi- Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka cial” peace processes at the local level that Neil DeVotta, Hartwick College makes coexistence of diverse communities Policy Studies 39 Conflict and Peace possible despite the continuing violence. Assessing Burma’s Ceasefire Accords These two processes reflect very different Zaw Oo, American University ways of addressing conflict and defining the Win Min, Independent Researcher, Thailand in India’s Northeast: role of civil society groups in peace building. In the official peace process, the role of Policy Studies 38 civil society groups is to bring warring parties The United Wa State Party: to the negotiating table, set forth potentially Narco-Army or Ethnic Nationalist Party? The Role of Civil Society agreeable ceasefire terms, and suggest possible Tom Kramer, Transnational Institute, Amsterdam settlements. The emphasis is on finding solu- tions at the macro level in the belief that set- Policy Studies 37 Samir Kumar Das tlement will also lead to resolution of micro The Islamist Threat in Southeast Asia: level problems. -
The Tangkhul Naga Traditional Custom of Marriage
© 2019 JETIR March 2019, Volume 6, Issue 3 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) The Tangkhul Naga Traditional Custom of Marriage. ABOUT THE AUTHOR DR.Ringkahao Horam (Associate Professor) is the second son of Mrs. Lateola & Thikatai Horam of Tusom Christian village, Ukhrul District Manipur state. He has done B.A (H) in political science from Delhi University and M.A. Political Science from JNU New Delhi. In 1993, he finished M.Phil from Manipur University. In 2012 he was awarded Doctor of Philosophy (Ph:D) from the Manipur University (Department of Political Science) for the research work ‘The Naga Political Movement: 1946- 1964’.He has to his credit several articles of National and International Journal and has participated many seminars and conferences as a resource person. He has published book on 1. “The Genesis of the Naga political Movement” 2.”Customary Laws of the Nagas of Manipur” .3. “Undeclared War: The Naga Political Movement. 4. The Tangkhul Folk Poetry in Song.5.Naga Festivals. 6. My Roots. 7. Ideology: influences and Trends of Naga political Movements. He joined government service in the college in 1990.Now he is Associate Professor and HOD. Department of Political Science, Modern College, Imphal He is passionate with Traditional Culture and Custom. He has been actively involves in many social, cultural and Environmental campaigns in different forums. He is also a Human Rights activist who has participated in trainer training course on “Fact finding and Documentation of Human Rights violation” held in Manila, Philippines in 1994. At present, he is the coordinator of Human Rights Education cell, Modern college Imphal. -
'Collective Memory' As an Alternative to Dominant (Hi)Stories In
NATASA THOUDAM: ‘Collective Memory’ as an Alternative to Dominant (Hi)stories in Narratives by Women from and in Manipur Postcolonial Interventions, Vol. II, Issue 1 Postcolonial Interventions, Vol. II, Issue 1, (ISSN 2455-6564) Abstract Theorizing in the context of France, Pierre Nora laments the erosion of ‗national memory‘ or what he calls ―milieux de memoire‖ and the emergence of what have remained of such an erosion as ‗sites of memory‘ or ―lieux de memoire‖ (7–24). Further he contends that all historic sites or ―lieux d’histoire‖ (19) such as ―museums, archives, cemeteries, festivals, anniversaries, treaties, depositions, monuments, sanctuaries, fraternal orders‖ (10) and even the ―historian‖ can become lieux de memoire provided that in their invocation there is a will to remember (19). In contrast to Nora‘s lamentation, in the particular context of Manipur, a state in Northeast part of India, there is a reversal. It is these very ‗sites of memory‘ that bring to life the ‗collective memory‘ of Manipur, which is often national, against the homogenizing tendencies of the histories of conflicting nationalisms in Manipur, including those of the Indian nation-state. This paper shows how photographs of Manorama Thangjam‘s ‗raped‘ body, the suicide note of the ‗raped‘ Miss Rose, Mary Kom‘s autobiography, and ‗Rani‘ Gaidinlui‘s struggle become sites for ‗collective‘ memory that emerge as an alternative to history in Manipur. Keywords: Manipuri Women Writers, Pierre Nora, Conflict of Nationalisms, Collective Memory, Sites of Memory 34 Postcolonial Interventions, Vol. II, Issue 1, (ISSN 2455-6564) Theorizing in the context of France, Pierre Nora laments the erosion of ‗national memory‘ or what he calls ―milieux de memoire‖ and the emergence of what have remained of such an erosion as ‗sites of memory‘ or ―lieux de memoire‖ (7–24). -
The Nagas: an Introduction
The Nagas: An Introduction The Nagas: An Introduction The entry of the Nagas into the written history of the world can be dated to 24th February 1826. On that day representa- tives of the Kingdom of Burma and the British military signed the Treaty of Yandabo, in which Burma renounced all claims to Assam and Manipur. The westward policy of expansion pursued by Burma – at that time the most pow- erful kingdom in Southeast Asia – had begun in the 1780s when Burmese troops occupied the independent Kingdom of Arakan and reached for the first time the eastern border of the British Indian Empire, which corresponds fairly exactly with the present-day borders of Bangladesh and North Ben- gal. In 1817 the Burmese invaded Assam and in 1819 the in- dependent Kingdom of Manipur. In 1823 they also annexed the Kingdom of Cachar, a strategic area for invading Bengal. In March of the following year, Britain officially declared war on Burma, a war which ended two years later with the aforementioned Treaty of Yandabo. Gradually Britain occu- pied the whole of Assam and intensified its diplomatic and military relations with Manipur, which was intended to have a key position in monitoring and if need be defending the border between Burma and the British sphere of influence. British India had reached the foot of the Naga Hills – the southeastern foothills of the Himalayas in the present bor- der triangle of India, Burma and China, which at that time was covered in jungle. The first Nagas with whom the British came in contact were the Tengima (Hutton 1914: 476). -
Kaziranga National Park Technical Report 4
Enhancing our heritage Kaziranga National Park UNESCO-IUCN-WII Enhancing our heritage Kaziranga National Park Improving Protection and Building Capacity of Staff At Kaziranga National Park By Manoj Kumar Misra Sponsored by UNESCO-IUCN-WII August 2005 ____________________________________________________________________ 178-F, Pocket - 4, Mayur Vihar - I, Delhi - 110 0091. UNESCO-IUCN-WII Enhancing our heritage Kaziranga National Park KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK (ASSAM) Project Title: Enhancing our heritage: Managing and Monitoring for Success in World Natural Heritage Sites. Project Objectives: 1) Review of Protection Strategies and suggestion to enhance their effectiveness 2) Development of a Comprehensive Capacity Building Plan for Frontline Staff. Methodology: Relevant background information was sought from the park management. The park was visited from 16.3.05 till 22.3.05. The existing management plan of the park was perused for relevant information. One to one discussions were held with the Director of the park and other park officials. Field visits were made to various locations in the park to get a first hand impression of the field situation and requirements and to elicit the views of the staff posted at various camps in the park. A one day workshop was held on 20.3.05 for different levels of field staff to elicit their views regarding the park, its protection requirements as well as their training needs through an adaptive SWOT process (List of participants and report enclosed). Pictures where appropriate were also taken. Other relevant -
Socio-Cultural Destabilisation of Arunachal Pradesh by Insurgent Groups and Other Anti National Forces | Vivekananda International Foun…
6/1/2018 Socio-Cultural destabilisation of Arunachal Pradesh by Insurgent Groups and other Anti National Forces | Vivekananda International Foun… HOME ABOUT US AREAS OF STUDY EVENTS PUBLICATIONS TEAM MEDIA CAREER CONTACT US Language Socio-Cultural destabilisation of Arunachal Pradesh by Insurgent Groups and other Anti National Forces 5 Apr, 2011 B. B. Jamatia, President View1162 Comments 0 Janjati Dharm Sanskriti Suraksha Manch would like to draw your kind attention on the topic – “Christianity: For a New Status in Arunachal Prades Sentinel’ dated 19th March 2011 written by Wangpon Sabin, Ex-President of Tutsa Baptist Church Council, Arunachal Pradesh and also on the appeal of Arun published in a section of local media of Arunachal Pradesh on 19th March, 2011. In these writes-up, they have challenged the credence and relevance Freedom of Religion Bill 1978. Not only that, they have sought to re-define the meaning of ‘indigenous faith’ and include Christianity also in the list of indige 40% population, as Wangpong Sabin claims, has been converted to Christianity. He says, “Today, it is estimated that more than 40% of the indigenou Pradesh are practicing Christianity. This matter can no more be ignored or reverted. The religious faith and practices of more than 40% indigenous citizens o be classified as “non-indigenous“. He says further – “Christianity is now as indigenous as Buddhism or Vaishnavism as mentioned in the Act, the only differe them was accepted by the indigenous people in different periods of history”. By saying that the church equates Christianity with Buddhism and Vaishnavism. that Buddhism and Vaishnavism came little early and Christianity little later but the doctrines preached, as it appears from the silly arguments of Church, is a Here, I would like to state that whatever Wangpon Sabin has said is nothing but a tip of ice-berg of deeper conspiracy hatched by church and supported by f to our country. -
THE LANGUAGES of MANIPUR: a CASE STUDY of the KUKI-CHIN LANGUAGES* Pauthang Haokip Department of Linguistics, Assam University, Silchar
Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area Volume 34.1 — April 2011 THE LANGUAGES OF MANIPUR: A CASE STUDY OF THE KUKI-CHIN LANGUAGES* Pauthang Haokip Department of Linguistics, Assam University, Silchar Abstract: Manipur is primarily the home of various speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages. Aside from the Tibeto-Burman speakers, there are substantial numbers of Indo-Aryan and Dravidian speakers in different parts of the state who have come here either as traders or as workers. Keeping in view the lack of proper information on the languages of Manipur, this paper presents a brief outline of the languages spoken in the state of Manipur in general and Kuki-Chin languages in particular. The social relationships which different linguistic groups enter into with one another are often political in nature and are seldom based on genetic relationship. Thus, Manipur presents an intriguing area of research in that a researcher can end up making wrong conclusions about the relationships among the various linguistic groups, unless one thoroughly understands which groups of languages are genetically related and distinct from other social or political groupings. To dispel such misconstrued notions which can at times mislead researchers in the study of the languages, this paper provides an insight into the factors linguists must take into consideration before working in Manipur. The data on Kuki-Chin languages are primarily based on my own information as a resident of Churachandpur district, which is further supported by field work conducted in Churachandpur district during the period of 2003-2005 while I was working for the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, as a research investigator. -
Reform, Identity and Narratives of Belonging This Page Intentionally Left Blank Reform, Identity and Narratives of Belonging the Heraka Movement of Northeast India
Reform, Identity and Narratives of Belonging This page intentionally left blank Reform, Identity and Narratives of Belonging The Heraka Movement of Northeast India Arkotong Longkumer Continuum International Publishing Group The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704 London SE1 7NX New York, NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com © Arkotong Longkumer, 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-8264-3970-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Longkumer, Arkotong. Reform, identity, and narratives of belonging: the Heraka movement in Northeast India/Arkotong Longkumer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-8264-3970-3 (HB) ISBN-10: 0-8264-3970-5 (HB) 1. Zeme (Indic people)–India–North Cachar Hills–Religion. 2. Heraka movement. 3. Group identity–India–North Cachar Hills–History–20th century. 4. Nationalism–India–North Cachar Hills–History–20th century. I. Title. DS432.Z46L66 2010 2009025023 299.5'4–dc22 Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group Temeim Oja aser Oba atema This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations xi Acknowledgements xii -
Tangkhul Traditional System of Education and Its Relevance in the Modern Indian Context By: Dr
GORTERIA JOURNAL ISSN: 0017-2294 Tangkhul Traditional System of Education and Its Relevance in the Modern Indian Context By: Dr. Keisham Shitaljit Singh & RGG Just Shimray Associate Professor Research Scholar Department of Education NET, Rajiv Gandhi Fellowship Manipur University Department of Education Manipur (INDIA) Manipur University (INDIA) Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] 8837419363/9615156294 8730834367 About the Tangkhul Tribe The Tangkhul tribe is one of the major Naga tribe of Manipur and is an indigenous people of the state. They are inhabited mostly in Ukhrul and Kamjong districts of Manipur and some are found in Senapati and Imphal East districts of Manipur and Somra tract of north western part of Myanmar. The population of Tangkhul is about 2 lacks. The Tangkhuls ethnically belonged to Naga groups who are Mongoloid race speaking Tibeto-Burman language. There is a peculiarity in their dialect and they are a mono-tribal community having the same custom, culture and tradition. Each and every village speaks different dialects, hardly or not understood by other villagers. However, they have evolved a common dialect known as Tangkhul dialect, though which they communicate among themselves. Agriculture was the main occupation of the Tangkhul people. The social lives of the Tangkhuls were closely intertwined with their religious life and the religious festivals are in perfect harmony and their festivals and songs are mostly agricultural oriented. Music and dance are the two main features and events of every festival. The culture of the Tangkhul revolves around the traditional beliefs and custom exercises being passed down. The Tangkhuls were an organized people who had well-structured socio-political system in their own way. -
Chapter I Introduction
Chapter I Introduction 1. Introduction The Poumai Naga is one of the oldest and largest Naga tribe in Manipur. The Poumai Naga country is geographically situated in Senapati District, Manipur and four villages from Phek District in Nagaland. The Poumai country in Senapati district is bordered by Phek district, Nagaland on the north, Ukhrul district on the east, Tadubi sub-division on the west and Saikul sub-division on the south. Manipur state is situated in North Eastern States of India and became a full-fledged state in 1972. It is bordered on the North by Nagaland state, on the East by Myanmar, on the South by Myanmar and Mizoram and on the West by Assam and partly by Mizoram. According to Hill house tax records, the total population of Poumai tribe in 2001 was 1, 51,005 (including the Poumai in Nagaland). About 95.5% of the total population of Poumai resides in the iSenapati district of Manipur, including the four villages in Phek district. The Poumai Naga tribe is one the most important tribes in Manipur and Nagaland since times immemorial. Their Poiili (Poumai Earthen) and Poutai (Pou salt) production were well known to the entire tribal areas in Manipur and Nagaland since ancient time. Even today, Pouli and Poutai are still produced in Poumai Naga villages. There are some Naga tribes like Mao, Angami and Chakhesang who used the Pouli in some religious rites and ritual and without the Pouli - their religious rites and rituals are incomplete. The Central Government of India had recognized Poumai Naga as a separate tribe in 2002, under the Constitution of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribe Order (Amendment) Act 2002, which was earlier under the Mao Tribes.