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Tuesday 2 June Thursday 4 June Friday 5 June Saturday 6 June Sunday 7 June Monday 8 June Tuesday 9 June Monday 15 June Tuesday 16 June Wednesday 17 June Friday 19 June Saturday 20 June Sunday 21 June Monday 22 June Tuesday 23 June Wednesday 24 June Thursday 25 June Friday 26 June Saturday 27 June Sunday 28 June Monday 29 June Tuesday 30 June Wednesday 1 July Thursday 2 July Friday 3 July Saturday 4 July Sunday 5 July Monday 6 July Tuesday 7 July Wednesday 8 July Thursday 9 July Friday 10 July Saturday 11 July Sunday 12 July Monday 13 July Tuesday 14 July Wednesday 15 July Thursday 16 July Friday 17 July Saturday 18 July Sunday 19 July Monday 20 July Tuesday 21 July Wednesday 22 July Thursday 23 July Friday 24 July Saturday 25 July Sunday 26 July Monday 27 July Tuesday 28 July Wednesday 29 July Thursday 30 July Friday 31 July Saturday 1 August Sunday 2 August Monday 3 August Tuesday 4 August Wednesday 5 August Thursday 6 August Friday 7 August Saturday 8 August Sunday 9 August Monday 10 August Tuesday 11 August Wednesday 12 August Thursday 13 August Friday 14 August Saturday 15 August Sunday 16 August Monday 17 August Tuesday 18 August Wednesday 19 August Thursday 20 August Friday 21 August Saturday 22 August Sunday 23 August Monday 24 August Tuesday 25 August Wednesday 26 August Thursday 27 August Friday 28 August Saturday 29 August Sunday 30 August Monday 31 August Tuesday 1 September Wednesday 2 September Thursday 3 September Friday 4 September Saturday 5 September Sunday 6 September Monday 7 September Tuesday 8 September Wednesday 9 September Thursday 10 September Friday 11 September Saturday 12 September Sunday 13 September Monday 14 September Tuesday 15 September Wednesday 16 September Thursday 17 September Friday 18 September Saturday 19 September Sunday 20 September Monday 21 September Tuesday 22 September According oral tradition, Kongolo Mwamba founded a capital near Lake Boya. From the east, a hunter known as Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe arrived. Hostility grew between Kongolo and Ilunga, to the point where Ilunga left for an unknown location. Kalala began to overshadow his uncle. The conflict between the two grew, but turned in Kalala's favour; Kalala eventually seized power and decapitated his uncle. Kalala's reign, the tradition says, initiated an expansionary period for the Kingdom. The new dynasty also established a more centralized state, where the king ruled closely with governors. According to the historian Thomas Reefe, the accuracy of the story and the existence of certain figures, like Kolongo, Kalala, and Ilunga, is questionable. Reefe believes that the accounts of Luba's foundation are mythical tales. The kingdom of Luba's success was due in large part to its development of a form of a government durable enough to withstand the disruptions of succession disputes and flexible enough to incorporate foreign leaders and governments. The Luba model of governing was so successful that it was adopted by the Lunda Kingdom and spread throughout the region that is today northern Angola, northwestern Zambia , and southern Democratic Republic of Congo. Law and order were handled by the king, known as the Mulopwe 'sacred king' [7] , with the assistance of a court of nobles known as Bamfumus. The kings reigned over their subjects through clan kings known as Balopwe. The diverse populations of the Luba were linked by the Bambudye , a secret society that kept the memory of the Luba alive and taught throughout the realm. The Mbudye tradition states that all of the rulers of the Luba Empire traced their ancestry to Kalala Ilunga, a mystical hunter credited with toppling Kongolo Mwamba. This figure is also credited with the introduction of advanced iron forging techniques to the Luba peoples. Luba kings became deities upon their deaths, and the villages from which they ruled were transformed into living shrines devoted to their legacies. The Luba heartland was dotted with these landmarks. Central to Luba regalia for kings and other nobles were mwadi , female incarnations of the ancestral kings. Staffs, headrests, bow stands and royal seats featuring this subject represented the divine status of the ruler and the elegant refinement of his court. The Luba Kingdom kept official "men of memory" who were part of a group called the Mbudye. They were responsible for maintaining the oral histories associated with kings, their villages and the customs of the land. Parallels to these kinds of officials can be found in neighboring kingdoms such as Kuba and Lunda. The local economy led to the development of several small Luba kingdoms. Luba traders linked the Congolese forest to the north with the mineral-rich region in the center of modern Zambia known as the Copperbelt. The trade routes passing through Luba territory were also connected with wider networks extending to both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts. With the formation of the Luba kingdom, the economy was complex and based on a tribute system that redistributed agricultural, hunting and mining resources among nobles. The ruling class held a virtual monopoly on trade items such as salt , copper , and iron ore. This allowed them to continue their dominance in much of Central Africa. As in the Kuba Kingdom , the Luba Kingdom held the arts in high esteem. A carver held relatively high status, which was displayed by an adze axe that he carried over his shoulder. Luba art was not very uniform because of the vast territory which the kingdom controlled. However, some characteristics are common. The important role of woman in the creation myths and political society resulted in many objects of prestige being decorated with female figures. Headrests and staffs were of great importance in relation to beliefs about prophetic dreams and ancestor worship. Dreams were believed to communicate messages from the other world. Therefore, it was common to have two priestess figures adorned on a headrest on which one slept. Luba staffs, usually owned by kings, village chiefs or court dignitaries, were also carved with dual or paired female figures. Among the Luba, the name "Nkole" appears at the head of every genealogy. It is an honorific title, with the literal meaning of "the essentially powerful. In Baluba tradition, the "Kasala" is a well-defined form of slogans or free- verse poetry. It is chanted or recited, sometimes with instrumental accompaniment, by both men and women who are professional specialists. It dramatizes public events that call for strong emotions, such as courage in battle, collective joy at official functions, and bereavement at funerals. In both style and content, the kasala by itself is a quite diverse genre along with proverbs, myths, fables, riddles, tales and historical narratives. The prestige attached to the lineage of the sacred kings was enormous, and rulers of small neighboring chiefdoms were eager to associate themselves with Luba culture. In return for tribute in goods and labor, these less powerful rulers were integrated into the royal lineage and adopted the sacred Luba ancestors as their own. Luba courtly traditions, including artistic styles and sculptural forms, were also passed along to client states. Ultimately, long-distance trade destroyed the kingdom of Luba. In the s and s, traders from East Africa began searching for slaves and ivory in the savannahs of central Africa. The empire was raided for slaves beginning the rapid destruction of the Luba Kingdom. In the empire was split in two by a succession dispute, ending the empire as a unified state. The empire was later absorbed into the Belgian Congo Free State. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Luba Empire. Lumea Banilor - informatii financiare, analize economice

Cloud Times. The Town Talk. Kmit, Ann. Minneapolis: Ukrainian Gift Shop. Perchyshyn, Natalie. Clinton White House Archives. September 9, Aged 96 ". Ukrainian American Community Center. Categories : births deaths American people of Ukrainian descent Folk artists People from Minneapolis. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Lake County. City of Lake Oswego. Douglas County. City of Portland. City of Sublimity. Tillamook County. Linn County. City of North Bend. City of Sandy. Morrow County. City of Hood River. Klamath County. City of Philomath. City of Dallas. City of Milton-Freewater. City of Corvallis. Clackamas County. Yamhill County. City of Salem. City of Bend. Multnomah County. It has known security flaws and may not display all features of this and other websites. Learn how. Skip to main content. Full Width Column 1. Thirds Column 1. About Us. Thirds Column 2. Process and Procedures. Thirds Column 3. Legal Research. Half Column 1. Report a Claim — LUBA Workers’ Comp

Ukrainian American Community Center. Categories : births deaths American people of Ukrainian descent Folk artists People from Minneapolis. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Simple English Edit links. Luba Perchyshyn, from a newspaper. Luba Procai October 10, Minneapolis. September 7, aged 96 Minneapolis. Portals Access related topics. Biography portal. Some communities began to merge into larger, more centralized ones; the reason for this is likely because of competition for increasingly limited resources. His nephew and immediate successor, Kalala Ilunga , expanded the empire over the upper left bank territories of the Lualaba River. At its peak, the state had about a million people paying tribute to its king. According oral tradition, Kongolo Mwamba founded a capital near Lake Boya. From the east, a hunter known as Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe arrived. Hostility grew between Kongolo and Ilunga, to the point where Ilunga left for an unknown location. Kalala began to overshadow his uncle. The conflict between the two grew, but turned in Kalala's favour; Kalala eventually seized power and decapitated his uncle. Kalala's reign, the tradition says, initiated an expansionary period for the Kingdom. The new dynasty also established a more centralized state, where the king ruled closely with governors. According to the historian Thomas Reefe, the accuracy of the story and the existence of certain figures, like Kolongo, Kalala, and Ilunga, is questionable. Reefe believes that the accounts of Luba's foundation are mythical tales. The kingdom of Luba's success was due in large part to its development of a form of a government durable enough to withstand the disruptions of succession disputes and flexible enough to incorporate foreign leaders and governments. The Luba model of governing was so successful that it was adopted by the Lunda Kingdom and spread throughout the region that is today northern Angola, northwestern Zambia , and southern Democratic Republic of Congo. Law and order were handled by the king, known as the Mulopwe 'sacred king' [7] , with the assistance of a court of nobles known as Bamfumus. The kings reigned over their subjects through clan kings known as Balopwe. The diverse populations of the Luba were linked by the Bambudye , a secret society that kept the memory of the Luba alive and taught throughout the realm. The Mbudye tradition states that all of the rulers of the Luba Empire traced their ancestry to Kalala Ilunga, a mystical hunter credited with toppling Kongolo Mwamba. This figure is also credited with the introduction of advanced iron forging techniques to the Luba peoples. Luba kings became deities upon their deaths, and the villages from which they ruled were transformed into living shrines devoted to their legacies. The Luba heartland was dotted with these landmarks. Central to Luba regalia for kings and other nobles were mwadi , female incarnations of the ancestral kings. Staffs, headrests, bow stands and royal seats featuring this subject represented the divine status of the ruler and the elegant refinement of his court. The Luba Kingdom kept official "men of memory" who were part of a group called the Mbudye. They were responsible for maintaining the oral histories associated with kings, their villages and the customs of the land. Parallels to these kinds of officials can be found in neighboring kingdoms such as Kuba and Lunda. The local economy led to the development of several small Luba kingdoms. Luba traders linked the Congolese forest to the north with the mineral-rich region in the center of modern Zambia known as the Copperbelt. The trade routes passing through Luba territory were also connected with wider networks extending to both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts. With the formation of the Luba kingdom, the economy was complex and based on a tribute system that redistributed agricultural, hunting and mining resources among nobles. The ruling class held a virtual monopoly on trade items such as salt , copper , and iron ore. This allowed them to continue their dominance in much of Central Africa. As in the Kuba Kingdom , the Luba Kingdom held the arts in high esteem. A carver held relatively high status, which was displayed by an adze axe that he carried over his shoulder. Luba art was not very uniform because of the vast territory which the kingdom controlled. However, some characteristics are common. Offices will remain open and the public may contact LUBA staff by phone and email during regular business hours. Response to phone and email inquiries may be delayed. LUBA staff will endeavor to respond to messages within two business days. In-person interactions between staff and the public will be by appointment only. LUBA will move to an appointment-only system for in person filings under OAR 2 a transmittal of record and OAR 2 a B i filing of documents with the Board , effective Tuesday, March 24, , until further notice. Appointments must be confirmed with LUBA at least four 4 hours before the requested appointment time. LUBA will confirm an appointment is available as soon as practicable. Failure to arrive within 15 minutes after an appointment time will result in cancellation of the appointment and will require rescheduling. Monday, September 7, is a state government holiday. LUBA's offices will be closed for business. Half Column 2.

Luba, Abra - Wikipedia

Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. See Article History. Read More on This Topic. Although the history of the Luba people southeastern Congo [Kinshasa] is one of violence and warfare, their artistic Get exclusive access to content from our First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today. Learn More in these related Britannica articles:. Luba -Lunda states , a complex of states that flourished in Central Africa in the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo from the late 15th to the late 19th century. The Luba state was situated east of the Kasai River around the headwaters of the Lualaba River, and the Lunda state east…. Although the history of the Luba people southeastern Congo [Kinshasa] is one of violence and warfare, their artistic style is characterized by harmonious integration of organically related forms. Female figures are carved more often than male figures. Some are freestanding, almost always…. They achieved a centralized government under a supreme chief, the Chitimukulu, who was a member of a single, matrilineal, royal clan. The power of members…. History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On This Day , every day in your inbox! Email address. Full Width Column 1. Updated October 21, Landwatch Lane County v. Deschutes County September Includes opinions issued through September 30, Deschutes County Schaber v. City of Florence. Columbia County. City of Oregon City. City of Aumsville. City of Bandon. City of Lincoln City. City of Klamath Falls. City of Beaverton. City of Tigard. City of Wasco County. City of Veneta. Thirds Column 1. Thirds Column 2. Thirds Column 3. Half Column 1. Half Column 2. Quarter Column 1. Luba is also closely involved with animal causes, working with various animal shelters in providing service dogs to people suffering from physical and psychological trauma. Luba remains one of the more successful female artists in Canadian music history despite never charting in the US. As a singer, Luba has released seven full-length studio albums two of which in Ukrainian , one studio EP, one live EP, two compilation albums and multiple singles. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Luba disambiguation. This article includes a list of general references , but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. March Learn how and when to remove this template message. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 6 June Retrieved 18 May Calgary Herald , 14 August Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Chain Reaction. Secrets And Sins. Over 60 Minutes With Luba. All Or Nothing. From the Bitter to the Sweet.

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