DOCSLIB.ORG

Centre-Periphery Relations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1960-2006)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Centre-Periphery Relations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1960-2006) Secessionism versus territorial unity: Centre-periphery relations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1960-2006) by JOHN RENE KAMBA N’KIAMVU submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject POLITICS at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF S BOTHA FEBRUARY 2016 SUMMARY The focus in this dissertation is on the rise of secessionism and its curtailment in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Theories pertaining to centre-periphery relations, as well as right- sizing the state, are used for this purpose. Factors such as the DRC’s vast territory and colonial policies affected the centre-periphery relations after independence. The weak ties between the centre and the peripheries were important factors in the attempts at secession that followed independence. In addition, the political and administrative centre (Kinshasa) was too weak to keep the restive peripheries in check. International military intervention, thus, played an important role in defeating attempts at secession. The strategies of President Mobutu in strengthening the centre, as well as the lack of secessionism in the DRC after the collapse of the centre towards the end of Mobutu’s presidency, receive attention. Key words: secession, territory, centre-periphery relations, right-sizing the state, internal colonialism, size of state, ethnicity, nation-building, foreign military intervention, Democratic Republic of Congo. i DECLARATION Name: JOHN RENE KAMBA N’KIAMVU Student number: 47248521 Degree: MA Exact wording of the title of the dissertation as appearing on the copies submitted for examination: Secessionism versus territorial unity: Centre-periphery relations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1960-2006) I declare that the above dissertation is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. February 29, 2016 SIGNATURE DATE ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several people deserve my gratitude, but I could not name them all here. I would like to express my gratitude to the former team of managers of the Scripture Union International - DRC, especially to Prof François Mpona Minga-Mishama, Pastor Emmanuel Mbikayi Mwamba and Pastor Lévy Ilunga Kabumbe. My gratefulness extends also to Pastors of the Praise Church in Kinshasa and Kempton Park in RSA, Dr Robert N’Kwim Bibi-Bikan and Gustave Fundi Mwamba respectively. Their friendship was crucial in the realization of my dream of coming back to scientific activities after an eclipse due to my departure from the University of Kisangani because of the clash between the soldiers from Rwanda and Uganda mentioned in this study. My post-graduate studies would have never been undertaken without the early support from Mr Hans Martin and his wife Mrs Ruth Wolff as well as from Mrs Amanda Kruger. I thank them deeply for their voluntary financial donation that has covered my research fees for three years during which I have written the research proposal. I cannot overlook the selfless assistance received from Mr Solomon Bongani Mabaso, a Telkom technician, in order to get a valuable Internet connection contract for my research at home. I am indebted to Prof Dirk Kotze, the former Chair of the Department of Political Sciences, for giving me the necessary insights in order to lay the bases of this research. It was a great relief for me when my research proposal was formally approved. Certainly, my largest debt of homage is to my supervisor Prof Susan Botha for the decisive contribution she has brought in the final formulation of my research topic. Moreover, the contents of this dissertation would have never been improved without her incisive comments and tireless advice. I have also really appreciated her patience in guiding the French-speaking student that I am. Finally, I thank my father-in-law Christophe Alimasi Okoko for his suggestion so that I pursue my studies in South Africa. I also thank my parents Célestin-Deri Kinkela Malulu and Lucie-Caroline Nzau Kamba who still help me to move forward. Their desire of seeing me to be successful in doing further studies was an important motivational factor for this achievement. I express warm thanks to my wife Brigitte Kabika Katopa and to our children Ruth-Lucie Nzau Kamba N’Kiamvu and Christopher Alimasi Kamba N’Kiamvu for so many sacrifices made together as a family in order to complete this dissertation. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AAPSO Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organization ABACOST A bas le costume/ down with the suit ABAKO Alliance des Bakongo/Bakongo people Alliance ADF Allied Democratic Forces ADP Alliance Démocratique des Peuples /Democratic Alliance of Peoples AFDL Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo/Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo AIC Association Internationale du Congo/International Association of Congo AMDC Assistance aux Maternités et Dispensaires du Congo ANC Armée Nationale Congolaise/Congolese national Army AND Agence Nationale de Documentation/National Agency of Documentation APL Armée Populaire de Libération/People’s Liberation Army AU African Union AZAP Agence Zaīre Presse/Zaīrian News Agency BALUBAKAT Association Générale des Baluba du Katanga /General Association of the Baluba People of Katanga BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BCK Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga BDK Bundu dia Kongo/ Rally of Kongo people BELTEXCO Société Belge de Textile et de Commerce CAN Coupe d’Afrique des Nations/Africa Cup of Nations CEEAC/ECCAS Communauté Economique des Etats Afrique Centrale/Economic Community of Central African States CEMUBAC Centre Scientifique et Médical de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles en Afrique Centrale CEPGL Communauté Economic des Pays des Grands Lacs/Economic Community of Countries of the Great Lakes CEREA Centre de Regroupement Africain/African Grouping Centre CFB Caminho de Ferro de Benguela/ Benguela railway CFKL Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Bas-Congo CFL Compagnie du Chemin de fer du Congo Supérieur aux Grands Lacs Africains CFS Congo Free State CIA Central Intelligence Agency CNDP Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple/National Congress for the Defence of the People CNL Comité National de Libération/National liberation Committee CNRD Conseil National de la Resistance pour la Démocratie/National Council of Resistance for Democracy CNS Conférence Nationale Souveraine/Sovereign National Conference COAKA Coalition Kasaienne/ Kasaian coalition COLTAN Columbite–Tantalite COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CONACO Convention Nationale Congolaise/Congolese National Convention iv CONAKAT Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga/Confederation of Tribal Associations of Katanga CPP Comités du Pouvoir Populaire/ Popular Power Committees CSLC Confédération des Syndicats Libres du Congo DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DSP Division Spéciale Présidentielle/ Special Presidential Division EU European Union FAC Forces Armées Congolaises/Congolese Armed Forces FC Franc Congolais FAR Forces Armées Rwandaises/Rwandan Armed Forces FARDC Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo/Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo FAZ Forces Armées Zaīroises/Zaīrian Armed Forces FDLR Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda/Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda FEC Fédération des Entrepreneurs du Congo Fédékaléo Fédération des Kasaiens de Léopoldville/Federation of Kasaians of Leopoldville FGTC Fédération Générale du Travail du Congo FIFA Fédération Internationale de Football Association/International Federation of Association Football FLNC Front pour la Libération Nationale du Congo/Front for the National Liberation of Congo FNLA Frente Nacional para a Libertaçâo de Angola/National Front for the Liberation of Angola FOMULAC Fondation Médicale de l’Université de Louvain au Congo FOPERDA Fondation Père Damien pour la lutte contre la Lèpre FORMINIERE Société Internationale Forestière et Minière du Congo FPR Front Patriotique Rwandais/Rwandan Patriotic Front GB Groupe Bemba GECAMINES Générale des carrières et des Mines ICD Inter-Congolese Dialogue IMF International Monetary Fund JMPR Jeunesse du Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution/Youth of the Popular Movement of the Revolution M23 Mouvement du 23 Mars/Movement of March 23 MIBA Société Minière de Bakwanga MISTEBEL Mission Technique Belge MLC Mouvement de Libération du Congo/Movement for the Liberation of Congo MNC Mouvement National Congolais/National Congolese Movement MNC-K Mouvement National Congolais – Kalonji/National Congolese Movement - Kalonji MNC-L Mouvement National Congolais – Lumumba/National Congolese Movement - Lumumba MONUC Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies au Congo/United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo MONUSCO Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation du Congo/United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo MOPAP Mobilisation, Propagande et Animation politique/Mobilization, Propaganda and political Animation MPLA Movimento Popular de Libertaçâo de Angola/Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola MPR Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution/ Popular Movement of the Revolution v MRLZ Mouvement Révolutionnaire pour la Libération du Zaïre/Revolutionary Movement for the Liberation of Zaīre NALU National Army for Liberation of Uganda NCN New Congo Net NGOs NonGovernmental Organizations OCPT Office Congolais des Postes et des Télécommunications OECD Organization
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JOURNAL OFFICIEL Dela République Démocratique Du Congo Cabinet Du Président De La République
    Premi~re partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République • ORDONNANCE No 10/025 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION DES VICE-PREMIERS MINISTRES, DES MINISTRES ET DES VICE-MINISTRES • ORDONNANCE No 10/026 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN CONSEILLER SPECIAL DU CHEF DE L'ETAT EN MATIERE DE SECURITE • ORDONNANCE No 10/027 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN DIRECTEUR DE CABINET DU PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE Kinshasa - 22 février 2010 Première partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République Kinshasa - 22 février 201 0 SOMMAIRE 3. Vice-Premier Ministre, Ministre des Postes, Téléphones et Télécom-munications: PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE Monsieur Simon BULUPIY GALATI 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/025 portant Article 2: nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des Ministres et des Vice-ministres, col. 1. Sont nommées Ministres aux fonctions en regard de leurs noms, les personnes ci-après : 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/026 portant nomination d'un Conseiller spécial du Chef de l'Etat en 1. Ministre des Affaires Etrangères : matière de sécurité, col. 4. Monsieur Alexis THAMBWE MWAMBA 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/027 portant 2. Ministre de la Coopération Internationale et nomination d'un Directeur de Cabinet du Président de la Régionale: République, col. 5. Monsieur Raymond TSHIBANDA N'TUNGAMULONGO 3. Ministre de la Défense Nationale et Anciens Combattants : Monsieur Charles MWANDO SIMBA PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE 4. Ministre de la Justice et Droits Humains : Monsieur LUZOLO BAMBI LESSA Ordonnance no 10/025 du 19 février 2010 portant nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Antoine SOHIER 07/06/1885 Li ���Ge - 22/11/1963 Uccle Époux De Cécile GULIKERS Magistrat, Spécialiste Du Droit Coutumier Congolais
    Pauvres, mais honnêtes, nous paraissons quand nous pouvons Antoine SOHIER 07/06/1885 Li ���ge - 22/11/1963 Uccle époux de Cécile GULIKERS Magistrat, spécialiste du droit coutumier congolais Partie VVVIVIII CorCorrrrrespondanceespondance Sohier --- Hulstaert Avertissement à nnosos lecteurs La correspondance entre Sohier et Hulstaert a été mise en forme et éditée sur Internet par Honoré Vincke, au centre de recherche « Aequatoriana », à Bamanya (Equateur – RDC). Nous la reprenons ici telle quelle. On remarquera, en la lisant, que beaucoup de lettres se réfèrent à des articles de la revue Aequatoria, créée et dirigée par la R.P. Hulstaert. Et nous ne doutons pas de ce que maint lecteur grincheux nous dira que l’on n’y comprend rien, faute précisément de disposer de ces textes. Cette impression est fausse ! La collection complète d’Aequatoria , y compris le numéro retiré de la vente et traité par Mgr de Heptinne de « pornographique » (pour une revue éditée par les missionnaire, faut le faire !) est en ligne sur www.Congoforum.be , dans la partie « fiches du Congo /Histoire ». Cette nouvelle, nous n’en doutons pas, a rassuré les grincheux et a fait d’eux, à nouveau, des lecteurs joyeux ! Pour la Rédaction de Dialogue Guy De Boeck CORRESPONDANCE SOHIER - HULSTAERT (1933-1960) http://www.aequatoria.be/04frans/030themes/0343sohier.htm correspondance sohier - hulstaert (1933-1960) Société coloniale et droit coutumier Editée par Honoré Vinck Texte revu de: Annales Aequatoria 18(1997)9-238 Notice biographique: Sohier ; Hulstaert les originaux et les copies Les originaux des lettres de Sohier se trouvent dans les Archives-Congo des Missionnaires du Sacré Coeur à Borgerhout (B), à l'exception des lettres 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52b, 68 à 75, 82 à 90 dont les originaux sont conservés aux Archives Aequatoria à Bamanya- Mbandaka, R.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Directors Fortnight Cannes 2000 Winner Best Feature
    DIRECTORS WINNER FORTNIGHT BEST FEATURE CANNES PAN-AFRICAN FILM 2000 FESTIVAL L.A. A FILM BY RAOUL PECK A ZEITGEIST FILMS RELEASE JACQUES BIDOU presents A FILM BY RAOUL PECK Patrice Lumumba Eriq Ebouaney Joseph Mobutu Alex Descas Maurice Mpolo Théophile Moussa Sowié Joseph Kasa Vubu Maka Kotto Godefroid Munungo Dieudonné Kabongo Moïse Tshombe Pascal Nzonzi Walter J. Ganshof Van der Meersch André Debaar Joseph Okito Cheik Doukouré Thomas Kanza Oumar Diop Makena Pauline Lumumba Mariam Kaba General Emile Janssens Rudi Delhem Director Raoul Peck Screenplay Raoul Peck Pascal Bonitzer Music Jean-Claude Petit Executive Producer Jacques Bidou Production Manager Patrick Meunier Marianne Dumoulin Director of Photography Bernard Lutic 1st Assistant Director Jacques Cluzard Casting Sylvie Brocheré Artistic Director Denis Renault Art DIrector André Fonsny Costumes Charlotte David Editor Jacques Comets Sound Mixer Jean-Pierre Laforce Filmed in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Belgium A French/Belgian/Haitian/German co-production, 2000 In French with English subtitles 35mm • Color • Dolby Stereo SRD • 1:1.85 • 3144 meters Running time: 115 mins A ZEITGEIST FILMS RELEASE 247 CENTRE ST • 2ND FL • NEW YORK • NY 10013 www.zeitgeistfilm.com • [email protected] (212) 274-1989 • FAX (212) 274-1644 At the Berlin Conference of 1885, Europe divided up the African continent. The Congo became the personal property of King Leopold II of Belgium. On June 30, 1960, a young self-taught nationalist, Patrice Lumumba, became, at age 36, the first head of government of the new independent state. He would last two months in office. This is a true story. SYNOPSIS LUMUMBA is a gripping political thriller which tells the story of the legendary African leader Patrice Emery Lumumba.
    [Show full text]
  • Reglas De Congo: Palo Monte Mayombe) a Book by Lydia Cabrera an English Translation from the Spanish
    THE KONGO RULE: THE PALO MONTE MAYOMBE WISDOM SOCIETY (REGLAS DE CONGO: PALO MONTE MAYOMBE) A BOOK BY LYDIA CABRERA AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION FROM THE SPANISH Donato Fhunsu A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature (Comparative Literature). Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Inger S. B. Brodey Todd Ramón Ochoa Marsha S. Collins Tanya L. Shields Madeline G. Levine © 2016 Donato Fhunsu ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Donato Fhunsu: The Kongo Rule: The Palo Monte Mayombe Wisdom Society (Reglas de Congo: Palo Monte Mayombe) A Book by Lydia Cabrera An English Translation from the Spanish (Under the direction of Inger S. B. Brodey and Todd Ramón Ochoa) This dissertation is a critical analysis and annotated translation, from Spanish into English, of the book Reglas de Congo: Palo Monte Mayombe, by the Cuban anthropologist, artist, and writer Lydia Cabrera (1899-1991). Cabrera’s text is a hybrid ethnographic book of religion, slave narratives (oral history), and folklore (songs, poetry) that she devoted to a group of Afro-Cubans known as “los Congos de Cuba,” descendants of the Africans who were brought to the Caribbean island of Cuba during the trans-Atlantic Ocean African slave trade from the former Kongo Kingdom, which occupied the present-day southwestern part of Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Cabinda, and northern Angola. The Kongo Kingdom had formal contact with Christianity through the Kingdom of Portugal as early as the 1490s.
    [Show full text]
  • REVIVING the GREAT LAKES Public Disclosure Authorized a WORLD BANK GROUP REGIONAL INITIATIVE for PEACE, STABILITY and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
    Public Disclosure Authorized REVIVING THE GREAT LAKES Public Disclosure Authorized A WORLD BANK GROUP REGIONAL INITIATIVE FOR PEACE, STABILITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT [In support of the February 24, 2013 “Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the DRC and the Region”] Draft for Discussion Only Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized This draft paper suggests elements of a WBG regional approach to development in the Great Lakes. It is a first cut which aims to begin a process of thinking regionally about development solutions that support the February Framework Agreement. Acronyms and Abbreviations AfDB African Development Bank AG Armed Groups AMSME Africa Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Program AU African Union AUC African Union Commission BDGLE Development Bank of the Great Lakes States BOP Bottom of the Economic Pyramid C3P Public Private Partnerships CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program CAB Central African Backbone CAR Central African Republic GARG Agriculture and Rural Management Counsels CAS Country Assistance Strategy CASA Conflict Affected States in Africa (IFC) CASF Central African SME Fund (IFC) CEPGL Communautés Economiques des Pays des Grands Lacs CMU Country Management Unit CoFS Combatants on Foreign Soil COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COPIREP Comité de Pilotage de Reformes des Entreprises Publiques CSP Country Strategy Paper DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration DfID Department for International Development (UK) DRC Democratic Republic of
    [Show full text]
  • Dismissed! Victims of 2015-2018 Brutal Crackdowns in the Democratic Republic of Congo Denied Justice
    DISMISSED! VICTIMS OF 2015-2018 BRUTAL CRACKDOWNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DENIED JUSTICE Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: “Dismissed!”. A drawing by Congolese artist © Justin Kasereka (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AFR 62/2185/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 2. METHODOLOGY 9 3. BACKGROUND: POLITICAL CRISIS 10 3.1 ATTEMPTS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION 10 3.2 THE « GLISSEMENT »: THE LONG-DRAWN-OUT ELECTORAL PROCESS 11 3.3 ELECTIONS AT LAST 14 3.3.1 TIMELINE 15 4. VOICES OF DISSENT MUZZLED 19 4.1 ARBITRARY ARRESTS, DETENTIONS AND SYSTEMATIC BANS ON ASSEMBLIES 19 4.1.1 HARASSMENT AND ARBITRARY ARRESTS OF PRO-DEMOCRACY ACTIVISTS AND OPPONENTS 20 4.1.2 SYSTEMATIC AND UNLAWFUL BANS ON ASSEMBLY 21 4.2 RESTRICTIONS OF THE RIGHT TO SEEK AND RECEIVE INFORMATION 23 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Questions Concerning the Situation in the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville)
    QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE SITUATION IN THE CONGO (LEOPOLDVILLE) 57 QUESTIONS RELATING TO Guatemala, Haiti, Iran, Japan, Laos, Mexico, FUTURE OF NETHERLANDS Nigeria, Panama, Somalia, Togo, Turkey, Upper NEW GUINEA (WEST IRIAN) Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela. A/4915. Letter of 7 October 1961 from Permanent Liberia did not participate in the voting. Representative of Netherlands circulating memo- A/L.371. Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, randum of Netherlands delegation on future and Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory development of Netherlands New Guinea. Coast, Madagascar, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, A/4944. Note verbale of 27 October 1961 from Per- Togo, Upper Volta: amendment to 9-power draft manent Mission of Indonesia circulating statement resolution, A/L.367/Rev.1. made on 24 October 1961 by Foreign Minister of A/L.368. Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, Indonesia. Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory A/4954. Letter of 2 November 1961 from Permanent Coast, Madagascar, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Representative of Netherlands transmitting memo- Togo, Upper Volta: draft resolution. Text, as randum on status and future of Netherlands New amended by vote on preamble, was not adopted Guinea. by Assembly, having failed to obtain required two- A/L.354 and Rev.1, Rev.1/Corr.1. Netherlands: draft thirds majority vote on 27 November, meeting resolution. 1066. The vote, by roll-call was 53 to 41, with A/4959. Statement of financial implications of Nether- 9 abstentions, as follows: lands draft resolution, A/L.354. In favour: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, A/L.367 and Add.1-4; A/L.367/Rev.1. Bolivia, Congo Brazil, Cameroun, Canada, Central African Re- (Leopoldville), Guinea, India, Liberia, Mali, public, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo Nepal, Syria, United Arab Republic: draft reso- (Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Dahomey, Denmark, lution and revision.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Full Report
    HUMAN RIGHTS JUSTICE ON TRIAL Lessons from the Minova Rape case in the Democratic Republic of Congo WATCH Justice on Trial Lessons from the Minova Rape Case in the Democratic Republic of Congo Copyright © 2015 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-32781 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org OCTOBER 2015 978-1-6231-32781 Justice on Trial Lessons from the Minova Rape Case in the Democratic Republic of Congo Glossary of Abbreviations ................................................................................................. i Summary ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • La Liste De Tous Les Livres 2019
    1 REPERTOIRE DE LA BIBLIOTHEQUE DU CADICEC CADICEC : LE SENS D’UN ITINERAIRE Le CADICEC a changé cinq fois de dénomination Abréviations Dénominations C.A.D.I.C.E.C Association des Cadres et Dirigeants Catholiques des Entreprises du Congo (1956 à 1960) C.A.D.I.C.E.C Association des Cadres et Dirigeants des Entreprises du Congo (1960 à 1971) C.A.D.I.C.E.C Centre Chrétien d’Action pour Dirigeants et Cadres des Entreprises du Zaïre (1971 à 1981) C.A.D.I.C.E.C Centre Chrétien d’Action pour Dirigeants et Cadres d’Entreprises installées au Zaïre (1981 à 2004) C.A.D.I.C.E.C Centre Chrétien d’Action pour Dirigeants et Cadres d’Entreprises installés en République Démocratique du Congo (2004 à nos jours) 2 Notre bibliothèque met à la disposition de ses lecteurs quelques livres, périodiques et journaux. Ils traitent les domaines suivants : OUVRAGES CODES PAGES DROIT, FISCALITE & SYNDICATS Dr. De 03 à 13 MEDECINE, SCIENCE & SANTE San. De 14 à 16 ECONOMIE & INDUSTRIE Eco. De 16 à 26 GESTION DES ENTREPRISES & DEVELOPPEMENT Ges. De 27 à 34 EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGIE & ENSEIGNEMENT Educ. De 35 à 41 SOCIOLOGIE, POLULATION, DEMOGRAPHIE & URBANISME SOC. De 42 à 45 ROMANS & HISTOIRES DES ETATS Ro De 45 à 50 RELIGION Rel De 50 à 53 PUBLICATIONS CADICEC CDC De 54 à 134 INFORMATIQUE Info De 03 à 13 LEGISLATIONS SOCIALES (REVUES) Lég De 14 à 16 SOCIALE (LIVRES) L.S TECHNIQUE TECH. AGRICULTURE AGRI. LES BANQUES ECOBA DIVERS 3 R O I T D Codes Auteurs Editions Années Nbres Titre de livres d’édition pages Dr.1 L’inspection du travail, sa mission, ses méthodes B.I.T B.I.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter.P65
    Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files CONGO 1960–January 1963 INTERNAL AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 755A, 770G, 855A, 870G, 955A, and 970G and FOREIGN AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 655A, 670G, 611.55A, and 611.70G Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide Compiled by Martin Schipper A UPA Collection from 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963 [microform] : internal affairs and foreign affairs / [project coordinator, Robert E. Lester]. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Martin Schipper, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. “The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives of the United States.” ISBN 1-55655-809-0 1. Congo (Democratic Republic)—History—Civil War, 1960–1965—Sources. 2. Congo (Democratic Republic)—Politics and government—1960–1997—Sources. 3. Congo (Democratic Republic)—Foreign relations—1960–1997—Sources. 4. United States. Dept. of State—Archives. I. Title: Confidential US State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. II. Lester, Robert. III. Schipper, Martin Paul. IV. United States. Dept. of State. V. United States. National Archives and Records Administration. VI. University Publications of America (Firm) VII. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. DT658.22 967.5103’1—dc21 2001045336 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa: National Secvrity Files, 1961-1963
    THE JOHN F. KENNEDY NATIONAL SECURITY FILES AFRICA: NATIONAL SECVRITY FILES, 1961-1963 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS Of AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of The John F. Kennedy National Security Files General Editor: George C. Herring AFRICA National Security Files. 1961-1963 Microfilmed from the holdings of The John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Blair Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloglng-in-Publlcation Data The John F. Kennedy national security files. Africa [microform]. "Microfilmed from the holdings of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts; project coordinator, Robert E. Lester." Accompanied by printed reel guide compiled by Blair D. Hydrick. Includes index. 1. Africa-National security-Sources. 2. United States-National security-Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Hydrick, Blair. III. John F. Kennedy Library. IV. University Publications of America. [UA855] 355'.03306 88-119 ISBN 1 -55655-001 -4 (microfilm) CIP ISBN 1-55655-003-0 (guide) Copyright® 1993 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-003-0. TABLE OF CONTENTS General Introduction•The John F. Kennedy National Security Files: "Country Files," 1961-1963 v Introduction•The John F. Kennedy National Security Files: Africa, 1961-1963 ¡x Scope and Content Note xi Source Note xii Editorial Note xii Security Classifications xiii Key to Names xv Abbreviations List xxix Reel Index Reel 1 Africa 1 Reel 2 Africa cont 15 Algeria 25 Reel 3 Angola 33 Chad.. ; 41 Congo•General 43 Reel 4 Congo•General cont 50 Reel 5 Congo•General cont 73 Congo•Cables 84 Reel 6 Congo•Cables cont , 98 m Reel 7 Congo•Cables cont :..: 129 Dahomey 146 Ghana 151 ReelS Ghana cont 155 Reel 9 Ghana cont 184 Guinea '194 Reel 10 Guinea cont 208 Ivory Coast 214 Libya 221 Mali 221 Morocco..
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations Mission
    Assessing the of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2019 ISBN: 978-82-7002-346-2 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the author. They should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. The text may not be re-published in part or in full without the permission of NUPI and the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: effectivepeaceops.net | www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 99 40 50 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 Assessing the Effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC (MONUC-MONUSCO) Lead Author Dr Alexandra Novosseloff, International Peace Institute (IPI), New York and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo Co-authors Dr Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Igarapé Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof. Thomas Mandrup, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen Aaron Pangburn, Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York Data Contributors Paul von Chamier, Center on International Cooperation (CIC), New York University, New York EPON Series Editor Dr Cedric de Coning, NUPI External Reference Group Dr Tatiana Carayannis, SSRC, New York Lisa Sharland, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra Dr Charles Hunt, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Australia Adam Day, Centre for Policy Research, UN University, New York Cover photo: UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti UN Photo/ Abel Kavanagh Contents Acknowledgements 5 Acronyms 7 Executive Summary 13 The effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC across eight critical dimensions 14 Strategic and Operational Impact of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Constraints and Challenges of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Current Dilemmas 19 Introduction 21 Section 1.
    [Show full text]