Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files CONGO 1960–January 1963

INTERNAL AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 755A, 770G, 855A, 870G, 955A, and 970G and FOREIGN AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 655A, 670G, 611.55A, and 611.70G

Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester

Guide Compiled by Martin Schipper

A UPA Collection from

4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963 [microform] : internal affairs and foreign affairs / [project coordinator, Robert E. Lester]. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Martin Schipper, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. “The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives of the United States.” ISBN 1-55655-809-0 1. Congo (Democratic Republic)—History—Civil War, 1960–1965—Sources. 2. Congo (Democratic Republic)—Politics and government—1960–1997—Sources. 3. Congo (Democratic Republic)—Foreign relations—1960–1997—Sources. 4. United States. Dept. of State—Archives. I. Title: Confidential US State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. II. Lester, Robert. III. Schipper, Martin Paul. IV. United States. Dept. of State. V. United States. National Archives and Records Administration. VI. University Publications of America (Firm) VII. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963.

DT658.22 967.5103’1—dc21 2001045336 CIP

The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives of the United States. No copyright is claimed in these official records.

Compilation © 2002 by Congressional Information Service, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-809-0.

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ...... vii Scope and Content Note ...... xv Source Note ...... xvii Organization of the U.S. Department of State Decimal Filing System ...... xix Numerical List of Country Numbers ...... xxiii Acronym List ...... xxxi Reel Index

Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—

Reel 1 755A.0 Political Affairs ...... 1

Reel 2 755A.0 Political Affairs cont...... 2 755A.1 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government ...... 3 755A.2 Political Affairs: Legislative Branch of Government ...... 3 755A.3 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government ...... 3 755A.4 Political Affairs: International Courts ...... 3 755A.5 National Defense Affairs ...... 3

Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo 770G.0 Political Affairs ...... 4 Reels 3–26 770G.0 Political Affairs cont...... 5

Reel 27 770G.0 Political Affairs cont...... 21 770G.1 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government ...... 22 770G.2 Political Affairs: Legislative Branch of Government ...... 28

Reel 28 770G.2 Political Affairs: Legislative Branch of Government cont...... 28 770G.3 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government ...... 28 770G.5 National Defense Affairs ...... 28

Reel 29 770G.5 National Defense Affairs cont...... 33

Reel 30 770G.5 National Defense Affairs cont...... 41 770G.6 National Defense Affairs: Stockpiling ...... 43

iii Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Belgian Congo 855A.0 Economic Matters ...... 43

Reel 31 855A.0 Economic Matters cont...... 44 855A.1 Financial Matters ...... 44 855A.2 Agriculture ...... 45 855A.3 Manufacturers; Manufacturing ...... 45 855A.4 Social Matters ...... 45 855A.5 Public Order, Safety, and Health ...... 46

Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo 870G.0 Economic Matters ...... 46

Reel 32 870G.0 Economic Matters cont...... 47

Reel 33 870G.0 Economic Matters cont...... 50 870G.1 Financial Matters ...... 51

Reel 34 870G.1 Financial Matters cont...... 52

Reel 35 870G.1 Financial Matters cont...... 54 870G.2 Agriculture ...... 57

Reel 36 870G.2 Agriculture cont...... 58 870G.3 Manufacturers; Manufacturing ...... 61 870G.4 Social Matters ...... 63

Reel 37 870G.4 Social Matters cont...... 63

Reel 38 870G.4 Social Matters cont...... 65 870G.5 Public Order, Safety, and Health ...... 65 870G.7 Transportation ...... 66

Communications; Transportation; Science—Belgian Congo 955A.6 Communications: Public Press ...... 66 955A.7 Transportation ...... 66 955A.8 Science...... 66

Communications; Transportation; Science—Republic of Congo 970G.0 Communications: General ...... 66 970G.1 Communications: Postal ...... 66 970G.2 Communications: Telegraph...... 66 970G.3 Communications: Telephone ...... 67 970G.4 Communications: Radio ...... 67 970G.5 Communications: Television ...... 67

iv 970G.6 Communications: Public Press ...... 67 970G.7 Transportation ...... 67

Reel 39 970G.7 Transportation cont...... 68 970G.8 Science...... 71

International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties—Belgian Congo

Reel 40 655A.60 Political Relations between Belgian Congo and Eastern Continental Europe ...... 71 655A.93 Political Relations between Belgian Congo and (ROC) ...... 71

International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties—Republic of Congo 670G.00 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Other Countries ...... 71 670G.70N Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Chad ...... 71 670G.70P Political Relations between Republic of Congo and ...... 71 670G.70R Political Relations between Republic of Congo and () ...... 71 670G.70S Political Relations between Republic of Congo and ...... 71 670G.70T Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Senegal ...... 71 670G.70U Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Nigeria ...... 71 670G.70X Political Relations between Republic of Congo and South Africa .... 71 670G.70Z Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Burundi ...... 71 670G.71 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Morocco ...... 71 670G.72 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Tunisia ...... 72 670G.73 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Libya ...... 72 670G.76 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Liberia ...... 72 670G.78 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Tanganyika ..... 72 670G.84A Political Relations between Republic of Congo and ...... 72 670G.84B Political Relations between Republic of Congo and United Arab Republic ...... 72 670G.93 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and China (PRC) ... 72 670G.95 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Korea (ROK)... 72 670G.98 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Indonesia ...... 72

International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties— U.S.–Belgian Congo 611.55A Political Relations between the U.S. and Belgian Congo ...... 72

International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties— U.S.–Republic of Congo 611.70G Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo ...... 73

Subject Index...... 77

v INTRODUCTION

The crisis that suddenly burst upon the Republic of the Congo, as the new nation was called, in the wake of independence, on June 30, 1960, has several dimensions: the independence movement; the mutiny of the on July 5; the establishment of the and subsequent political anarchy; the secession of Katanga, on July 11, soon followed by a similar move in southeastern Kasai province, which declared itself the Independent Mining State of on August 8; and the role of the United Nations (UN), first as a peacekeeping force and ultimately as the chosen instrument for bringing Katanga back into the fold of the central government. The crisis was further compounded by the trial of strength at the center between President Joseph Kasavubu and Prime Minister , culminating in Lumumba’s assassination at the hands of the Katangan secessionists in January 1961. An assessment of the Adoula government highlights an attempt at solving the constitutional crisis sparked by the Congolese civil conflict.

The Independence Movement

The rioting that swept across Léopoldville in early January 1959 did more than induce the Belgian government to recognize independence formally as the ultimate goal of its policies; it also set in motion a decolonization plan designed to lay the foundation for major constitutional reforms. The Colonial Council, renamed the Legislative Council, would include twelve native Congolese members and provide the embryo of an upper chamber; the Government Council and provincial councils would be transformed into advisory bodies to monitor the decisions of the Belgian governor- general and provincial governors. By late 1959, local councils would be elected to serve as an electoral college for the establishment of provincial councils. No provision was made, however, for the transfer of executive or administrative power to non-Europeans. And the few Congolese selected for membership in the new advisory organs could scarcely be seen as representative of their countrymen’s interests. In view of its omissions and ambiguities, it is easy to see why the Belgian plan fell short of the expectations of most politically conscious Congolese. Even before it began to be put into effect, the Belgian blueprint had been largely outstripped by the pace and intensity of nationalist activity. Faced with an impasse, the Belgian government finally agreed to the “Round Table Conference,” held in Brussels in January 1960, involving the participation of a broad spectrum of nationalist organizations. At the conference, June 30, 1960, was agreed upon as the date of independence. Elections would be held in May, on the basis of universal suffrage, for the election of a bicameral parliament and provincial councils. Finally, a special commission was appointed to frame a new constitutional system, which became the “Fundamental Law.”

vii The constitutional formula adopted by the Brussels Round Table Conference was a carbon copy of the Belgian constitution. Its essential feature was a threefold division of powers, between the central government and the provinces, between the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives, and between the head of state and the prime minister. The duality of executive powers meant in theory that the president would be cast in the role of the Belgian king, acting largely as a figurehead, with effective executive power vested in the hands of the prime minister. In the context of the newly emergent Congolese body politic, however, this system incorporated within itself the seeds of a major conflict of jurisdiction between the president and the prime minister. The national legislative elections of May 1960 and the setting up of national and provincial executives almost completed the process of decolonization. At the national level, Lumumba’s Congolese National Movement (MNC) was able to control a slim majority of seats in both chambers, thanks to its alliance with smaller parties. Lumumba thus became the country’s first prime minister, but the presidency went to ABAKO Party leader Kasavubu. At the provincial level, there emerged a more complex situation. Only in Orientale province did the MNC win a solid majority. Katanga was split between separatists identified with Tshombe’s CONAKAT Party and “Unitarists.” Kasai was about to become the scene of a major ethnic confrontation between Lulua and Luba elements. And in Léopoldville province, ABAKO failed to win a majority of seats, thus paving the way for serious tensions between Bakongo and Bangala deputies. In at least three provinces out of six, the political arenas were fraught with ethnic-regional conflicts.

The Force Publique Mutiny

Maintaining stability in the provinces would have been difficult enough with the help of a reliable security force; the mutiny of the Force Publique rendered the Lumumba government utterly impotent. The first acts of indiscipline were recorded in the capital on July 4; as other units were called in from Thysville to attend to the situation, they turned against their European officers. By July 5, bands of mutineers were roaming through the streets of the capital, causing panic among both Africans and Europeans. This extraordinary situation was, in large part, caused by Force Publique commander Lieutenant General Janssens, who had persistently refused to Africanize the officer corps and who, on the very day that the mutiny broke out, flatly declared that the Force Publique would continue as before. But with the mutiny in full swing, urgent and sweeping changes were needed to restore a measure of order. On July 6, Lumumba dismissed General Janssens, and the following day the entire officer corps was Africanized, with only a small number of European officers retained as advisers. Shortly thereafter, the decision was made to promote all enlisted men to the next higher rank, thereby eliminating all privates from the army. On July 9 Lumumba promoted Victor Lundula to major general and commander in chief of the renamed Congolese National Army, with Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (later ) as chief of staff. Unrest nonetheless persisted. By July 9 the mutiny had reached Équateur and Katanga provinces; panic-stricken Europeans began to arrive in Léopoldville, telling their own grisly stories. Ostensibly to protect Belgian lives, Brussels sent in two

viii companies of paratroopers, in turn causing Lumumba to denounce Belgian intervention as an unwarranted aggression. The troop landings, a breach of the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation signed by the two countries the day before independence, convinced the Congolese authorities that Belgium was attempting to reoccupy the country. Meanwhile, on July 11 Belgian naval forces took the unfortunate step of bombarding Matadi, which by then had already been evacuated by Europeans. On the same day, Katanga formally proclaimed its independence, an act supported by Belgians in Katanga. As tension rapidly mounted between Brussels and Léopoldville, Lumumba and Kasavubu agreed for once to send a formal cable to the UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld on July 12 to solicit “urgent UN military assistance” in the face of Belgian aggression and in support of the secession of Katanga. A United Nations Security Council resolution on July 14, 1960, responding to the Congolese government’s request for aid, called for the withdrawal of Belgian troops and authorized the secretary-general to take the necessary steps, in consultation with the Congolese government, to provide military and technical assistance for the Congolese security forces. Although the first UN troops landed in Léopoldville the next day, Kasavubu and Lumumba were dissatisfied with the pace of UN action and threatened to request Soviet help unless Belgian troops were withdrawn in two days. By July 20, the UN force had several thousand troops under its command, and Lumumba withdrew the threat when Belgium agreed to remove its troops from Léopoldville. In this rapidly deteriorating situation, mistrust, suspicion, and bitterness increased between the Congolese and the Belgians and between different factions of Congolese. The new government, preoccupied with soliciting external aid, had been unable to attack the massive problems of organizing its administration, and administrative problems were compounded by the mass departure of Belgian civil servants and technicians. In the meantime, the Katangan secessionist regime was consolidating its position.

Lumumba Government and Political Anarchy

Between the outbreak of the Force Publique mutiny and the overthrow of the Lumumba government on September 14, a situation of near anarchy spread through much of the country, reflecting the total breakdown of authority at the center. Adding to the confusion created by the collapse of the security forces and the intervention of the Belgian paratroopers, the constitutional impasse arising from the fundamental opposition between president and prime minister brought the machinery of government to a virtual standstill. Several factors lay at the root of the conflict between president and prime minister, including a personality clash, their different bases of support, and their diametrically opposed conceptions of the ultimate character of the Congolese body politic. What precipitated the crisis was growing opposition to Lumumba’s policies toward Belgium, the UN, and the secessionists in Katanga and Kasai. Particularly divisive were Lumumba’s insistence on converting the newly arrived UN forces into a military instrument for bringing Katanga and Kasai back into the central government’s fold (despite the fact that the UN mandate did not permit the organization to interfere in the Congo’s internal conflicts) and his eventual decision to use those units of the

ix Congolese National Army (CNA) that were loyal to him to launch a major offensive against both Katanga and Kasai. Although Congolese units never made it to Katanga, their attack on Kasai in led to a large-scale massacre of the Luba. Against the warning of a number of his colleagues, Lumumba made a trip abroad with a number of his officials from July 21 to August 8, a critical time for the country and the new government. After his return, Lumumba intensified his quarrel with the UN authorities, especially when he failed to secure UN aid to force the end of the secession of Katanga. In late August, amid more intense opposition, Lumumba declared martial law for six months and arrested a number of his political opponents. Lumumba’s greatest affront, however, was his decision to accept substantial Soviet aid in order to attack the secessionist areas. This move brought to a climax the issue of communist influence, which had been a source of growing concern to the West and to more moderate Africans alike. As a result, on September 5 President Kasavubu announced the dismissal of Lumumba, Vice Prime Minister , Minister of Information , and several others from the government. At the same time, Kasavubu also appointed Mobutu as head of the CNA. was chosen as the new prime minister and began trying to form a new government. Lumumba and his cabinet responded by accusing Kasavubu of high treason and voted to dismiss him. Parliament refused to confirm the dismissal of either Lumumba or Kasavubu and sought to bring about a reconciliation between them. After a week’s deadlock, Mobutu announced on September 14 that he was assuming power until December 31, 1960, in order to “neutralize” both Kasavubu and Lumumba. Mobutu emphasized from the beginning that his action was not an army coup but was rather a “peaceful revolution” during which the country would be run by a group of technicians. Mobutu’s first acts were an ultimatum demanding the departure within forty-eight hours of Soviet and Eastern European diplomatic personnel and the release by troops loyal to him of political prisoners. But the period of government by the so-called College of Commissioners (made up of recent university graduates, students, and a few members of Lumumba’s cabinet under the leadership of Justin-Marie Bomboko), formally installed on September 29, was marked by constant political conflict. The legitimacy of the government was challenged by political factions within the Congo and by the more radical African nations and communist countries. Relations between the college and the UN became progressively worse. In the meantime, the inability of the central government to regain any significant amount of authority enabled the secessionists to strengthen their administrative arrangements and armies. As the process of fragmentation set in motion by the secession of Katanga reached its peak, the former Belgian colony essentially had broken up into four separate fragments. The “Unitarists” found themselves divided into two separate political arenas. The Lumumbist radicals joined forces with Gizenga, head of the African Solidarity Party (PSA), who had moved his forces to Stanleyville. The moderates rallied to the Mobutu government in Léopoldville. South Kasai and Katanga, headed respectively by and Moise Tshombe, were left in the hands of ethnoregional separatists. The major event leading to the move by the Lumumbists to establish themselves at Stanleyville, the area of Lumumba’s strongest support, was the recommendation by the UN Credentials Committee on November 10 to seat the delegation to the UN appointed by Mobutu. Gizenga left for Stanleyville on November 13 to form a rival

x national government. Soon thereafter, Lumumba, who had been under house arrest since his dismissal by Kasavubu, also left for Stanleyville to join Gizenga. But Lumumba was arrested, transferred to Katanga, and assassinated in January 1961. The assassination, when announced on February 13, 1961, prompted anarchy in many areas. But the incident helped Gizenga consolidate his regime, and a number of African and Eastern European countries accorded it official recognition. The Tshombe government, on the other hand, remained utterly isolated diplomatically. And yet it was in Elisabethville, not Stanleyville, that the central authorities and the UN encountered their most serious challenge. During the prolonged crisis after Lumumba’s arrest and death, a new government was finally established in Léopoldville. On February 9, 1961, the College of Commissioners was dissolved, and a provisional government was formed by Joseph Ileo. The events of February had so weakened Léopoldville’s position, however, that the provisional government was unable to exert its authority much beyond the provinces of Léopoldville and Équateur.

The Katangan Secession

Katanga had always been a special case, administered until 1910 by the privately owned Special Committee of Katanga. In 1910 administration of Katanga was placed in the hands of a vice governor-general, still separate from the rest of the Belgian Congo. The administrative reorganization of 1933, which brought Katanga administratively in line with the rest of the provinces under the central colonial authorities in Léopoldville, was strongly resented by Katangan residents both local and foreign. The predominant role Katanga played in the country’s economy reinforced this regional pride and sense of separateness. In the months preceding independence, pressure to restore Katangan autonomy grew. The breakdown of central authority offered Tshombe an ideal pretext for proclaiming the long-planned independence of Katanga on July 11, 1960. Although Brussels withheld formal recognition, through the legal fiction that any province could receive Belgian technical assistance if it so desired, the Belgian government played a crucial role in providing military, economic, and technical assistance to the secessionist province. Under Belgian supervision, immediate steps were taken to convert the Katangan Gendarmerie into an effective security force. Recruitment agencies were set up in Brussels for the enlistment of mercenaries. A variety of Belgian advisers surfaced in various administrative organs of the breakaway state. Professor René Clemens, of the University of Liège, was invited to draft the Katangan constitution. That the secession lasted as long as it did (July 11, 1960–January 14, 1963) is largely a reflection of the efforts of Belgian civilian and military authorities to prop up their client state. Yet from the very beginning, the operation ran into serious difficulties. A major handicap faced by “authentic Katangese” stemmed from their inability to come to terms with the Balubakat-instigated revolt in the north. Despite the numerous military expeditions against northern “rebels,” at no time was the Tshombe regime able to claim effective control of the Luba areas. Further discredit was cast on Tshombe when, in January 1961, Balubakat leaders proclaimed the secession of their own northern province, presumably out of loyalty to the principle of

xi a united Congo. Balubakat seceding from the secessionists for the sake of unity was a painful logic for CONAKAT to assimilate. Diplomatic isolation was another major weakness. In spite of countless démarches, overtures, bribes, and promises, the secessionist state never gained international recognition. Even Belgium never officially recognized Katanga. But perhaps the most serious diplomatic blow against the Tshombe regime came on February 21, 1961, when the UN Security Council passed a resolution urging the UN “to take immediately all appropriate measures to prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo, including arrangements for cease-fire, the halting of all military operations, the prevention of clashes, and the use of force, if necessary, in the last resort.” The UN Security Council’s February resolution was an attempt to check the trend toward total anarchy in the Congo and to bring about international pressure for reintegration of the Congo. The resolution gave the UN forces greater authority to act in order to prevent civil war and called for the removal of foreign advisers and mercenaries attached to the Congo governments, the convening of parliament, and the reorganization of the CNA. This entirely new construction of the UN mandate, allowing the use of force as a last resort, was the direct, though largely unanticipated, outcome of Lumumba’s death. The worldwide commotion caused by Lumumba’s death had an immediate repercussion in the UN General Assembly. The new mandate given to the UN forces in did little more than articulate in legal terms the sense of shock and anger of most Third World nations in the face of the coldblooded murder of the man who best symbolized the struggle of African nationalism against the forces of neocolonialism.

The UN Intervention

Ambiguous as it was, the phrasing of the February 21 UN resolution left little doubt about the sense of frustration felt by Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld in dealing with the Katanga secession. Keeping the peace without meddling in the internal affairs of Katanga proved a contradiction; UN efforts to act as a mediator between Katanga and the central government met with repeated setbacks. As one reconciliation formula after another was tried and found wanting, it dawned on many people at the UN that the scope of permissible action had to be substantially broadened, which is what the February 21 resolution sought to achieve. The new mandate provided the basis for Operation RUMPUNCH on August 28, 1961. As it became clear that Tshombe had no intention of complying with the UN request that mercenaries and European officers be withdrawn from Katanga, a move that he realized would cripple his security forces and quickly bring the collapse of his regime, UN troops at last sprang into action, securing the Katangan post office and radio and the residences of key European and Congolese officials and rounding up mercenaries and European officers. The operation, however, was suddenly halted when the Belgian consul in Léopoldville persuaded local UN officials that he would complete the operation by himself, a pledge that turned out to be a ruse as only regular Belgian officers and not mercenaries were expelled from the province. Anger and frustration on both sides mounted rapidly. A new UN plan, Operation MORTHOR, following rapidly after RUMPUNCH and expected to go into effect on September 13, 1961, was no longer merely to rid the province of mercenaries and

xii foreign advisers but also to terminate the secession by force. Forewarned of the impending attack, the Katangan gendarmes put up a stiff resistance, while a lone jet fighter strafed the UN troops. News of UN attacks on civilian installations was received with indignation in European capitals. MORTHOR ended in a total fiasco. It was at this point, on September 17, that Hammarskjöld decided to give up using force and once again try to arrive at a negotiated solution with Tshombe. Hammarskjöld never made it to the site of their planned meeting in Ndola, Zambia, however; shortly before it was due to land, his aircraft crashed into a wooded hillside, killing all passengers. The next and final phase in the Katangan imbroglio began with the so-called “ Plan,” made public on August 10, 1962, and ended with Tshombe’s announcement, on January 14, 1963, that “the secession was now terminated.” The plan, which offered yet another constitutional formula for reunification, at first met with Tshombe’s approval; then equivocation ensued, and the work of the joint Léopoldville-Elisabethville commissions soon bogged down. As tensions mounted between UN troops and Katangan gendarmes, little was needed to trigger an explosion. The trigger came on Christmas Eve, when UN troops accused the Katangan forces of shooting down a UN helicopter. On December 28 Tshombe called for a general uprising of the population, to which the UN responded by moving against key points. This time the tide moved decisively against the gendarmes. In the end, Tshombe had no alternative but to concede defeat. After two and a half years of conflict and crisis, the Katangan secession had finally come to an end. Many of the remaining Katangan gendarmes went into exile in . Others were incorporated into the Congolese military.

Importance of the Adoula Government

In the months preceding the investiture of the Adoula government, several conferences were held between the representatives of the central caretaker government and the Katangan authorities for the specific purpose of reaching agreement on the constitutional framework of a reunified Congo. These meetings included the Léopoldville Round Table Conference (January–February 1961), the Tananarive Conference in (March 1961), and the Coquilhatville Conference (April–May 1961). The Tananarive Conference called for a confederated form of government, but the notion of confederation met with strong opposition in Léopoldville. By contrast, the Coquilhatville Conference recommended the establishment of a federal system as the future form of government. Tshombe opposed this plan. Finally, after extensive negotiations, parliament met at Lovanium University outside Léopoldville on July 25, 1961, with the participation of deputies from all provinces, including Katanga and South Kasai (which ended its secession at that time). On August 2, Adoula was elected prime minister by a unanimous vote of confidence, thus bringing to an end the constitutional crisis triggered by the conflict between Lumumba and Kasavubu. There remained the more arduous task of resolving once and for all the Katangan secession, reducing the last vestiges of dissidence in Stanleyville, and elaborating the constitutional framework that would replace the “Fundamental Law.”

xiii As noted earlier, not until January 1963, and only after a violent showdown with UN forces, was the secession of Katanga decisively crushed. It took another year before the rival claimant to national power, the Stanleyville government, was brought to heel. Meanwhile, Adoula gave immediate priority to the task outlined in his inaugural declaration, “to take adequate measures permitting each region to administer itself according to its profound aspirations” and to initiate the constitutional revisions required by this objective. The result was the elimination of the former six provinces and their replacement by twenty-one smaller administrative entities, known as provincettes. The new formula proved thoroughly unworkable, however. Reducing the size of the provinces merely shifted the focus of ethnic conflict to a smaller arena, a phenomenon further encouraged by the sheer arbitrariness of their boundaries and the emergence of several bitterly contested areas. While sharply reinforcing ethnic animosities, the creation of the new provincettes was made more problematic still by the dearth of competent administrators, frequent recourse to force and skulduggery, and rampant corruption.

xiv SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE

Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, 1960–January 1963

The U.S. State Department Central Files are the definitive source of American diplomatic reporting on political, military, social, and economic developments throughout the world in the twentieth century. Surpassing the scope of the State Department’s Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series, the Central Files provide extensive coverage of all political, military, social, and economic matters relating to a particular country and/or world event. The State Department Central Files for 1960–January 1963 cover a crucial period in U.S. and world history. Each part of the 1960–January 1963 series contains a wide range of primary materials: special reports and observations on political and military affairs; studies and statistics on socioeconomic matters; interviews and minutes of meetings with U.S. and foreign government officials and leaders; legal and claims documentation; full texts of important letters and cables sent and received by U.S. diplomats and embassy personnel; reports, news clippings, and translations from journals and newspapers; and countless high-level/head of state government documents, including speeches, memoranda, official reports, aide-mémoire, and transcripts of political meetings and assemblies. In addition, these records offer new insights into the evolution of American foreign policy toward both allies and adversaries and into the shaping of the policies of these countries toward the United States. Of even greater importance for the study of individual countries is the comprehensive manner in which the Central Files illuminate the internal affairs of foreign countries. There are thousands of pages arranged topically and chronologically on crucial subjects: political parties, unrest and revolution, human rights, government administration, fiscal and monetary issues, labor, housing, police and crime, public health and works, national defense, military equipment and supplies, foreign policy making, wars and alliances, education, religion, culture, trade, industry, and natural resources. On these subjects and more, the Central Files offer authoritative, in-depth, and timely documentation and analysis.

xv SOURCE NOTE

Microfilmed from the holdings of the National Archives, College Park, MD, Record Group 59: Records of the Department of State, Central Decimal Files, decimal numbers 755A, 855A, 955A (Belgian Congo internal affairs), 770G, 870G, and 970G (Republic of Congo internal affairs), 655A and 611.55A (Belgian Congo foreign affairs), and 670G and 611.70G (Republic of Congo foreign affairs) for the period 1960–January 1963. All available original documents have been microfilmed.

xvii ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE DECIMAL FILING SYSTEM

From 1910 to 1963 the Department of State used a decimal classification system to organize its Central Files. This system assembled and arranged individual documents according to their subject, with each subject having a specific decimal code. The decimal system from 1950 to January 1963 consists of ten primary classifications numbered 0 through 9, each covering a broad subject area.

CLASS 0: Miscellaneous.

CLASS 1: Administration of the United States Government.

CLASS 2: Protection of Interests (Persons and Property).

CLASS 3: International Conferences, Congresses, Meetings, and Organizations.

CLASS 4: International Trade and Commerce. Trade Relations. Customs Administration.

CLASS 5: International Informational and Educational Relations. Cultural Affairs. Psychological Warfare.

CLASS 6: International Political Relations. Bilateral Treaties.

CLASS 7: Internal Political and National Defense Affairs.

CLASS 8: Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs.

CLASS 9: Other Internal Affairs. Communications. Transportation. Science.

xix Internal Affairs For this section of the U.S. State Department Central Files, University Publications of America (UPA) has microfilmed the documents contained in Classes 7, 8, and 9. Within these classes each subject is defined by a decimal file number. The decimal file number is followed by a slant mark (/). The number after the slant mark (/) refers to the date on which the document was generated. Documents within each decimal file number are arranged in chronological order. The entire decimal file number is stamped on the right side of the first page of every document. These classes are concerned almost exclusively with the internal matters of individual countries. The class number (7, 8, or 9) is followed by the country number, and the number following the decimal point indicates subtopics within the major classifications. The date after the slant mark (/) identifies the individual document. In a small number of instances, documents were assigned erroneous or incomplete decimal numbers. UPA has included, in brackets, corrected decimal entries. In addition, misfiled decimal number documents have also been included in brackets.

CLASS 7. Example, 755A.13/2-960

Subject—Executive Branch of Government—Cabinet; Ministry Class of Records— Internal Political and 755A.13/2-960 Document Date— National Defense Affairs February 9, 1960

Country Number—Belgian Congo

755A.13/2-960 indicates a document dated February 9, 1960, relating to the cabinet of the executive branch of government (13) in the Belgian Congo (55A).

CLASS 8. Example, 870G.06/10-962

Subject—Labor Class of Records— Internal Economic, Industrial, 870G.06/10-962 Document Date— and Social Affairs October 9, 1962

Country Number—Republic of Congo

870G.06/10-962 indicates a document dated October 9, 1962, relating to labor (06) in the Republic of Congo (70G).

xx CLASS 9. Example, 970G.50/5-162

Subject—Television

Class of Records— Internal Economic, Industrial, 970G.50/5-162 Document Date— and Social Affairs May 1, 1962

Country Number—Republic of Congo

970G.50/5-162 indicates a document dated May 1, 1962, relating to television (50) in the Republic of Congo (70G).

Note: For the convenience of the researcher, wherever a specific classification number totals more than one hundred pages, a breakdown of the material by month and year is provided. When applicable, major subjects have been included with the month and year breakdown.

Foreign Affairs For this section of the U.S. State Department Central Files, UPA has microfilmed the documents contained in Class 6. Within this class, each subject is defined by a decimal file number. The decimal file number is followed by a slant mark (/). The number after the slant mark (/) refers to the date on which the document was generated. Documents within each decimal file number are arranged in chronological order. The entire decimal file number is stamped on the right side of the first page of every document. In this publication, records classified 655A and 670G deal with the foreign policy of Congo and its political relations with other nations. Due to the State Department’s arrangement of these records, countries assigned numbers below 55A will not be found in this file. UPA, however, has included files dealing with the political relations between the United States (country number 11) and Congo in this publication. In order to find the political relations between Congo and countries other than the United States that have a number lower than 55A, the researcher should check the Class 6 records for that country. These records can be found either at the National Archives, College Park, MD, or in microform publications that UPA has made available to libraries. In a small number of instances, documents were assigned erroneous or incomplete decimal numbers. UPA has included, in brackets, corrected decimal entries. In addition, misfiled decimal number documents have also been included in brackets.

xxi CLASS 6. Example, 655A.94/8-2060

Subject—Japan

Class of Records— International Political 655A.94/8-2060 Document Date— Relations; Bilateral Treaties August 20, 1960

Country Number—Belgian Congo

655A.94/8-2060 indicates a document dated August 20, 1960, relating to the bilateral relations between the Belgian Congo (55A) and Japan (94).

CLASS 6. Example, 611.70G/1-262

Subject—Republic of Congo

Class of Records— International Political 611.70G/1-262 Document Date— Relations; Bilateral Treaties January 2, 1962

Country Number—United States

611.70G/1-262 indicates a document dated January 2, 1962, relating to the bilateral relations between the United States of America (11) and the Republic of Congo (70G).

Note: For the convenience of the researcher, wherever a specific classification number totals more than one hundred pages, a breakdown of the material by month and year is provided. When applicable, major subjects have been included with the month and year breakdown.

xxii NUMERICAL LIST OF COUNTRY NUMBERS

00 THE WORLD (Universe) 01 Outer Space (Aerosphere) 01a Moon 02 Antarctic 03 Arctic 10 THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE 11 United States 11a Hawaii (Ocean or Kuré Islands and Palmyra Island) 11b U.S. Possessions in the Pacific Ocean 11c Puerto Rico 11d Guam 11e American Samoa (Tutuila, Manua Islands, etc.) 11f Canal Zone (Panama Canal Zone), Perido, Naos, Culebra, and Flamenco Islands 11g Virgin Islands of the U.S. (St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas) 11h Wake Island 12 Mexico 13 CENTRAL AMERICA 14 Guatemala 15 Honduras 16 El Salvador 17 Nicaragua 18 Costa Rica 19 Panama 20 SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (South of the Rio Grande River) 21 Colombia 22 Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) 23 Peru 24 Bolivia 25 Chile 31 Venezuela 32 Brazil 33 Uruguay 34 Paraguay

xxiii 35 Argentina 36 WEST INDIAN REPUBLICS 37 Cuba, including Isle of Pines 38 Haiti 39 Dominican Republic 40 EUROPE 40a Ireland (Eire) (Irish Free State) 40b Iceland 41 Great Britain, United Kingdom 41a Northern Ireland 41b British possessions in the Western Hemisphere (except ) 41c British Honduras 41d British Guiana 41e British West Indies (includes 41f–41j) 41f The West Indies (Federation of British Colonies in the Caribbean) 41g Bahamas 41h Bermuda 41j Virgin Islands 41r Falkland Islands 41s South Orkney Islands (South Georgia, South Orkneys, and South Sandwich Islands) 41t South Shetland Islands 42 Canada (including and Labrador) 43 Australia 44 New Zealand (Cook Islands, Kermad Islands, and Union Islands [Tokela]) 45 British Territories in Africa 45a Union of South Africa (Cape of Good Hope, Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal) 45b British South Africa (45c–45f) 45c Rhodesia (Mashonaland, Matabeleland, and Nyasaland Federation) 45d Basutoland 45e Bechuanaland 45f Swaziland 45g British West Africa 45h Nigeria (including that portion of the Cameroons under British ) 45j (see 79) 45m Sierra Leone 45n Gambia 45p British East Africa 45r Kenya Colony 45s Uganda 45t Zanzibar 45u Somaliland (protectorate) 45w Sudan 45x British Southwest Africa (formerly German Southwest Africa) 46 British territories in Asia 46a Andaman and Nicobar Islands

xxiv 46b Laccadive Islands 46c Aden Colony and Protectorate (Hadhramaut, Kamaran, Perim, Socotra, Abdul Quiri, and Kuria Muria Islands) 46d Bahrein Islands 46e Ceylon 46f Singapore (Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean) 46g Hong Kong 46h British Borneo (North Borneo, Brunei, and Sarawak) 46j Republic of the Maldive Islands 46k Fiji 46m Papua (formerly British New ) 46n Pacific Islands, including Tonga (Friendly), Cocos (Isla de Cocos), Labuan, Solomon, Pitcairn, Gilbert Islands, Ellice Islands, and British interest in Christmas Island, Phoenix, and Keeling Islands 47 British territories in Mediterranean 47a Gibraltar 47b Malta 47c Cyprus 47d St. Helena and dependencies (Diego Alvarez, Gough, Inaccessible, and Nightingale Islands) 47e Tristan da Cunha 47f Ascension Island 47g Seychelles 47h 48 Poland (including Danzig) 49 Czechoslovakia 50 WESTERN CONTINENTAL EUROPE 50a Luxembourg 50b Monaco 50c Andorra 50d San Marino 50f Liechtenstein 50g Free Territory of Trieste (FTT) 51 (including Corsica) 51a St. Pierre and Miquelon 51b 51c and dependencies (Marie Galante, Les Saintes, Desirade, St. Barthelemy and St. Martin) (, collectively) 51d (Cayenne) 51e French colonies in America 51f 51g Indochina 51h Cambodia 51j 51k Vietnam 51m and dependencies (Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Chesterfield Islands, Wallis Archipelago) 51n Society Islands (Tahiti, Moorea-Morea; Leeward Island-Iles Sous-le- Vent)

xxv 51p Lesser groups (Tuamotu-Tumotu or Low Archipelago; Gambier Archipelago; Marquesas; Tubuai Archipelago-Austral Islands) 51r 51s Algeria 51t and the Sahara (Senegal, , Ivory Coast, Dahomey, , Upper Senegal, and the ; Mauritania and Dakar), Togo 51u () (Gabun-Gabon; Middle Congo-Moyen Congo; Ubanga Shari-Oubangui Chari; and Chad- Tchad; Brazzaville); Cameroun 51v French Somali Coast and dependencies (Somali Coast); Djibouti, Issa-Somalis; Dankali, Adaels, Ouemas, and Debenehs 51w Madagascar 51x Other African Islands (, Comoro, Reunion, Amsterdam, St. Paul Marion, Crozet, and Kerguelen) 51y French possessions and in Oceania and Eastern Pacific (Australasia and Oceania) 52 Spain 52a Canary Islands 52b Spanish possessions in Africa 52c Rio de Oro and Adrar (Western Sahara) 52d Rio Muni and Cape San Juan (Spanish Guinea) 52e Fernando Po, Annobon, Corisco, and Elobey Islands 52f Tetuan and Ceuta; Gomera, Alhucemas, Melilla 52g Balearic Islands 53 Portugal 53a Madeira 53b Azores 53c Mozambique 53d Portuguese India (Goa, Damao, Diu) 53e Macao (Macau) 53f Timor 53g Cape Verde Islands (Santo Antão, São Nicolau, São Vicente, Fogo, Santiago, Boa Vista, Sal Santa, Luzia, Branco, Raso, Maio, Brava, Rei, and Rombo) 53h Portuguese Guinea (Guinea Coast), Bijagoz Islands, and Bolama Island 53k São Thomé (São Tomé) and Principe 53m Ladana and Cabinda 53n Angola (Portuguese West Africa), Congo, Loanda, Benguella, Mossamedes, Huilla, and Lunda 53p Portuguese East Africa 54 55 Belgium 55a Belgian Congo (Belgian Kongo) 56 Netherlands 56a Surinam (Netherlands Guiana) 56b Netherlands Antilles (formerly Netherlands West Indies) (Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, St. Martin, St. Eustatius, Saba)

xxvi 56c Miscellaneous Islands (Riau-Lingga Archipelago, Bangka-Banca; Billiton, Molucca, Timor Archipelago, Bai and Lombok, Netherlands New Guinea, or Western New Guinea) 56d Indonesia 56f Sumatra 57 Norway 57a Scandinavia (57, 58, 59, 60e) 57b Spitsbergen (Spitzbergen) 57c Lapland (Parts of 57, 58, 60e, 61) 58 Sweden 59 Denmark 59a Greenland 59b Faeroe (Faroe) or Sheep Islands 60 EASTERN CONTINENTAL EUROPE (including Balkans, 67, 68, 69, 81, and European part of 82) 60a Baltic States 60b Esthonia 60c Latvia 60d Lithuania 60e Finland (Aland Islands) 61 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 61a Bessarabia 61b Ukraine 61c Sakhalin Island (Russian portion) 62 Germany 62a Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) (Saar) 62b Russian Zone (East Germany) 62c Polish Administration 63 Austria 64 Hungary 65 Italy 65a Vatican City 66 Rumania (Roumania) 67 Albania 68 Yugoslavia 69 Bulgaria 70 AFRICA (For Belgian possessions, see 55a) (For British possessions, see 45) (For French possessions, see 51s, etc.) 70a Mediterranean countries (General) 70b Republic of Guinea (see 79) 70g Congo Republic 70x Republic of South Africa 71 Morocco 72 Tunisia 73 Tripoli (Libya or Libia), Barca, Misurata, Benghazi, Derna, Cyrenaica 74 (see 86b) 75 Ethiopia (Hamara, Galla, and Harar) 75a Eritrea 76 Liberia

xxvii 77 Trust Territory of Somaliland 78 Tanganyika Territory (Ruanda-Urundi), formerly German East Africa 79 West African states (includes 45j and 70b) 80 NEAR EAST 81 Greece 81a Crete 81b Samos 82 Turkey 83 Syria (see 86b) 83a Lebanon (Levant States) 84 Palestine 84a Israel 85 Jordan (Hashemite Jordan Kingdom) (formerly Trans-Jordan) 86 Arabia (Arab League) (United Arab states, includes 86b and 86h) 86a Saudia Arabia (Kingdom of Hejas and Nejd) 86b United Arab Republic (includes 74 and 83) 86d Kuwait 86e Muscat and Oman 86f Qatar 86g Trucial Sheikhs 86h Yemen 87 Iraq (Mesopotamia) 88 Iran (Persia) 89 Afghanistan 90 FAR EAST (including all of Asia) 90a Bhutan 90b Burma 90c Nepal 90d Pakistan (Baluchistan) 91 India 92 Thailand (Siam) 93 China 93a Manchuria 93b Tibet 94 Japan 94a Formosa (Taiwan) 94b Sakhalin Island (Japanese portion) 94c Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa), Nampo Islands (Bonin, Volcano, and Marcus) 95 Korea 95a North Korea 95b South Korea 96 Philippine Republic 97 Malaya (Federation of Malaya comprises the states Pahang, Perak, Negri Sembilan, Selangor, Johore, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Trengganu, and the settlements Malacca and Penang) (includes Province of Wellesley) 98 Republic of Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes)

xxviii 99 Pacific Islands (Mandated), New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands (Bougainville, Baku), Marshall Islands, Nauru, Caroline Islands, Pelew (Palau) Islands, Marianna Islands (Ladrone Islands), Samoa (Samoan Islands, Western Samoa), Savaii, Upolu

xxix ACRONYM LIST

ABAKO Association of the Bakongo People BALUBAKAT General Association of the Baluba People of Katanga Brussels RTC Brussels Round Table Conference CIA Central Intelligence Agency CNA Congolese National Army CONAKAT Confederation of Katangan Associations IMF International Monetary Fund MNC Congolese National Movement (Mouvement National Congolais) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization UK United Kingdom UN United Nations U.S. United States USAID U.S. Agency for International Development USIS United States Information Service USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USUN U.S. Delegation to the United Nations

xxxi

REEL INDEX

Reel 1 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Belgian Congo

Frame File Subject 755A.00 Political Affairs [General] [Independence movement; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; political parties; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe.] 0001 January 1960 Abako leadership crisis; elections; rioting; Brussels Round Table Conference (Brussels RTC); political leaders; tribal authorities; tax protests; Lulua-Baluba conflict; deportations; trial for MNC Congress riots.

0168 February 1960 Elections; proposed visit by Congolese leaders to United States; American investment in Congo; Socialist Party of Belgium; Chad; Ruanda-Urundi; Daniel Kanza; Brussels RTC; tribal authorities; Lulua-Baluba conflict; proposed visit by Congolese leaders to United States; Union Minière.

0437 March 1960 Tribal authorities; foreign investment; French government; Brussels RTC; Bata plant strike (Léopoldville); Rhodesia- Nyasaland Federation; visit by Congolese leaders to United States; financial assistance requests; elections.

0683 April 1960 Financial assistance requests; Lulua-Baluba controversy; Brussels RTC; private militias; Daniel Kanza; Rhodesia- Nyasaland Federation.

1 Frame File Subject

0852 May 1960 Elections; Ghana; Guinea; Kwame Nkrumah; France; tribal authorities; Ruanda-Urundi; Brussels RTC; strikes; Lulua- Baluba conflict; visit by Congolese leaders to United States; foreign assistance; U.S. policy in Africa; UN.

Reel 2 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Belgian Congo cont. 755A.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Independence movement; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; political parties; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe.] 0001 May 1960 cont. Portugal; Brussels RTC; Lulua-Baluba conflict; elections; Justin Bomboko.

0033 June 1960 Elections; tribal authorities; Lulua-Baluba conflict; Brussels RTC; UK; France; UN; Ralph Bunche; Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation; Portugal; Joseph Ileo; Ruanda-Urundi.

0224 July 1960 Portugal; riots; Force Publique mutiny; Ralph Bunche; UN; Libya.

0250 August 1960

0256 September 1960 UN.

0259 January 1961 Ruanda-Urundi; rioting youth groups.

0265 April 1962 Ruanda-Urundi; Uganda; UK; UN; John F. Kennedy–Harold Macmillan discussions.

0274 November 1962 French attitude in Congo; UN.

0275 December 1962 U.S. Defense Department; military assistance to Congo; UN; Ralph Bunche; U Thant.

0304 755A.001 Political Affairs: Communism

2 Frame File Subject

755A.002 Political Affairs: Government Recognition [Independence movement; U.S. delegation to ceremonies.] 0307 February 1960

0309 March 1960 UN; Republic of China; alleged Soviet influence; UN; visit by Congolese leaders to United States.

0346 April 1960

0354 May 1960

0367 June 1960 Patrice Lumumba; political parties; Abako; Joseph Kasavabu; Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation; elections; European colonists; tribal authorities; Ralph Bunche; UN; MNC; Republic of China; Moise Tshombe; Katanga; CONAKAT.

0482 July 1960

0485 755A.022 Political Affairs: Government—Territory

0489 755A.03 Political Affairs: Constitution

0499 755A.11 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Chief Executive

0507 755A.111 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Chief Executive: Governors of States and Districts

0508 755A.13 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Cabinet; Ministry

0540 755A.14 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Civil Service: Salaries; Retirement

0542 755A.2 Political Affairs: Legislative Branch of Government

0544 755A.34 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—Laws; Statutes

0566 755A.343 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—Laws; Statutes: Commercial

0567 755A.3511 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—Procurement of Evidence from U.S.

0571 755A.413 Political Affairs: International Courts

0595 755A.5 National Defense Affairs [General]

3 Frame File Subject

0604 755A.5MSP National Defense Affairs: Mutual Security Program

0627 755A.521 National Defense Affairs: Intelligence Activities: Biographical Data

0649 755A.55 National Defense Affairs: Organization

0660 755A.56 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies

0662 755A.56355 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Bases: Belgium

0667 755A.5811 National Defense Affairs: Missions—U.S.

Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0674 January 1960 Brussels RTC.

0679 April 1960 Visit to U.S. by Congolese adviser; Brussels RTC.

0689 May 1960 Belgian financial aid; independence ceremonies.

0692 June 1960 Portugal; UN; Ralph Bunche; independence ceremonies; South Africa.

0705 July 1960 Proposed visits by Congolese leaders to United States; Force Publique mutiny; Lulua-Baluba conflict; riots; Belgian government; independence ceremonies; Ralph Bunche; evacuation of U.S. dependents to Brazzaville; France; UK; conflict between Belgian and Congolese troops; Dag Hammarskjöld.

4 Frame File Subject

Reel 3 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 July 1960 cont. Force Publique mutiny; Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.; Dag Hammarskjöld; Ralph Bunche; foreign investment; tribal authorities; Belgian forces withdrawal; airlifts; NATO North Atlantic Council meeting; Libya; Tunisia; Guinea; Ruanda- Urundi; Ghana; elections; world press coverage; visits by Congolese leaders to United States; Justin Bomboko.

Reel 4 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 August 1960 Dag Hammarskjöld; Belgian forces withdrawal; Daniel Kanza; airlifts; visits by Congolese leaders to United States; world press coverage; unemployment; civil unrest; Ralph Bunche; Guinea; Ghana; UN Security Council; Kwame Nkrumah; Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.; Force Publique leadership; India; beating of U.S. Air Force airplane crew at airport.

0898 September 1960 NATO North Atlantic Council meeting; Belgian forces withdrawal; airlifts; Dag Hammarskjöld; tribal authorities; Albert Kalonji; Force Publique; Mining State of Kasai; visits by Congolese leaders to United States; airports.

5 Frame File Subject

Reel 5 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 September 1960 cont. Airports; Joseph Kasavubu coup attempt; Force Publique; tribal authorities; Dag Hammarskjöld; Belgian forces withdrawal; Yugoslavia; Albert Kalonji; financial assistance; William Averell Harriman; visits by Congolese leaders to United States; UN Security Council and General Assembly meetings; Justin Bomboko; Daniel Kanza; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Ghana; Ruanda-Urundi; world press coverage; Mobutu coup; Kwame Nkrumah; Guinea; South Kasai; Lulua-Baluba conflict; CNA.

0692 October 1960 Lulua-Baluba conflict; tribal authorities; South Kasai; Guinea; Ghana; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Kwame Nkrumah; Justin Bomboko; CNA; withdrawal of Belgian technicians.

Reel 6 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 October 1960 cont. Withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Justin Bomboko; treasury crisis; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; congressional limits to USUN financial contribution to Congo relief; CNA; Ghana.

0238 November 1960 Withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Justin Bomboko; Joseph- Désiré Mobutu; CNA; Ghana; Ralph Bunche; Dag Hammarskjöld; Albert Kalonji; Guinea; Ahmed Sekou Toure.

6 Frame File Subject

0760 Airlifts; congressional limits to USUN financial contribution to Congo relief; South Kasai; arrest of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; airports; Ghana; tribal authorities; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; NATO North Atlantic Council meeting.

Reel 7 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 December 1960 cont. Airlifts; congressional limits to USUN financial contribution to Congo relief; South Kasai; arrest of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; airports; Ghana; tribal authorities; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Kwame Nkrumah; of Congolese leaders; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville () secession movement; Antoine Gizenga.

0518 January 1961 South Kasai; transfer of Patrice Lumumba to Elisabethville; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; tribal authorities; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Kwame Nkrumah; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani) secession movement; Antoine Gizenga; political youth movements; mercenaries.

Reel 8 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 January 1961 cont. South Kasai; imprisonment of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Kwame Nkrumah; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries.

7 Frame File Subject

0236 February 1961 South Kasai; death of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; USUN plan for Congo; Joseph Ileo.

Reel 9 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 February 1961 cont. South Kasai; death of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; USUN plan for Congo; Joseph Ileo.

Reel 10 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 February 1961 cont. South Kasai; death of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; USUN plan for Congo; Joseph Ileo.

0082 March 1961 South Kasai; death of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; USUN plan for Congo; Joseph Ileo; airlifts; Battle of Matadi; Sudan; Canada; Rajeshwar Dayal; Tananarive Conference.

8 Frame File Subject

Reel 11 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 April 1961 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; Joseph Ileo; airlifts; UN agreement with Republic of Congo; arrest of Moishe Tshombe at Coquilhatville Conference.

0509 May 1961 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; European colonists; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; Joseph Ileo; airlifts; UN agreement with Republic of Congo; arrest of Moise Tshombe at Coquilhatville Conference; Ralph Bunche; planned convening of Parliament.

0857 June 1961 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; Joseph Ileo; airlifts; UN agreement with Republic of Congo; arrest of Moishe Tshombe at Coquilhatville Conference; planned convening of Parliament; expulsion of .

Reel 12 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.]

9 Frame File Subject

0001 June 1961 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; Joseph Ileo; Katanga agreement with Republic of Congo; release of Moise Tshombe after arrest at Coquilhatville Conference; Parliament; expulsion of Frank Carlucci.

0299 July 1961 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Albert Kalonji; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; Joseph Ileo; airlifts; Parliament; Coquilhatville resolutions; Conor Cruise O'Brien.

Reel 13 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Lulua-Baluba reconciliation; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; arrests of mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; ; ; Albert Kalonji; Conor Cruise O’Brien; Parliament.

0429 September 1961 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; Joseph Kasongo; Conor Cruise O’Brien; Parliament; Dag Hammarskjöld; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government.

10 Frame File Subject

Reel 14 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 September 1961 cont. Airlifts, South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; European colonists; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; Joseph Kasongo; Conor Cruise O’Brien; Parliament; death of Dag Hammarskjöld; UN–Katanga cease-fire; Belgian government.

0358 October 1961 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; Conor Cruise O’Brien; Parliament; UN–Katanga cease-fire; Belgian government; Angolan refugees; CNA–Katanga conflict in Mining State of Kasai.

Reel 15 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 November 1961 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; Conor Cruise O’Brien; Parliament; UN–Katanga cease-fire; Belgian government; CNA–Katanga conflict in Mining State of Kasai; Rwandan refugees; UN Security Council meetings; report of UN Commission of Inquiry investigating death of Patrice Lumumba; Ralph Bunche; ; killing and dismemberment of Italian UN soldiers.

11 Frame File Subject

0895 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN–Katanga cease-fire; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe.

Reel 16 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 December 1961 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe; Ralph Bunche; U Thant; airlifts; airports.

Reel 17 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 December 1961 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe; Ralph Bunche; U Thant; airlifts; airports; Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

12 Frame File Subject

0605 January 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe; Ralph Bunche; U Thant.

Reel 18 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 January 1962 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe; Ralph Bunche; U Thant.

0520 February 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe; Ralph Bunche; U Thant; visits by Congolese leaders to United States.

Reel 19 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.]

13 Frame File Subject

0001 February 1962 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Antoine Gizenga; Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe; Ralph Bunche; U Thant; visits by Congolese leaders to United States.

0394 March 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Jason Sendwe; Ralph Bunche; U Thant; visits by Congolese leaders to United States; Parliament.

Reel 20 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 March 1962 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament.

0158 April 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament.

14 Frame File Subject

0744 May 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament.

Reel 21 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 May 1962 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; Soviet influence; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament; Congo Tripartite Talks (UK, United States, Belgium); refugee camps.

0443 June 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament; U Thant.

0898 July 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament.

15 Frame File Subject

Reel 22 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 July 1962 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament.

0669 August 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; U Thant.

Reel 23 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 August 1962 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; U Thant; airlifts; Cleophas Kamitatu.

16 Frame File Subject

0854 September 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; U Thant.

Reel 24 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 September 1962 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; CNA offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament; Cleophas Kamitatu; Michel Struelens; U Thant.

0678 October 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; CNA offensive in Katanga; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations.

Reel 25 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.]

17 Frame File Subject

0001 November 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; CNA offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Parliament.

0196 December 1962 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Parliament.

0491 January 1963 South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations and reconciliation; Parliament.

Reel 26 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.00 Political Affairs [General] cont. [Political parties; federal government; European colonists; ethnic violence; alleged Soviet influence; Katanga; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Moise Tshombe; UN military forces.] 0001 January 1963 cont. South Kasai; Justin Bomboko; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Baluba; tribal authorities; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; mercenaries; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations and reconciliation; Parliament.

0679 770G.00 May Day Political Affairs: May Day

770G.00(W) Political Affairs: Weeka Reports [UN military forces; airlifts; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Katanga; Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; Moise Tshombe; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Soviet influence; Joseph Kasavubu; CNA; South Kasai; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; European colonists; Baluba; tribal authorities.]

18 Frame File Subject

0683 November 1960 Ghana; Ralph Bunche; Dag Hammarskjöld; Albert Kalonji; Guinea; Ahmed Sekou Toure.

0693 December 1960 Congressional limits to USUN financial contribution to Congo relief; arrest of Patrice Lumumba; airports; Ghana; ethnic violence; NATO North Atlantic Council meeting.

0717 January 1961 Imprisonment of Patrice Lumumba; Kwame Nkrumah; Albert Kalonji; Antoine Gizenga.

0742 February 1961 Death of Patrice Lumumba; Albert Kalonji; Antoine Gizenga; USUN plan for Congo; Joseph Ileo.

0754 March 1961 Death of Patrice Lumumba; Albert Kalonji; Antoine Gizenga; USUN plan for Congo; Joseph Ileo; Battle of Matadi; Sudan; Canada; Rajeshwar Dayal; Tananarive Conference.

0772 April 1961 Albert Kalonji; Antoine Gizenga; Joseph Ileo; UN agreement with Republic of Congo; arrest of Moise Tshombe at Coquilhatville Conference.

0783 May 1961 Albert Kalonji; Antoine Gizenga; Joseph Ileo; UN agreement with Republic of Congo; arrest of Moise Tshombe at Coquilhatville Conference; Ralph Bunche; planned convening of Parliament.

0796 June 1961 Albert Kalonji; Antoine Gizenga; Joseph Ileo; UN agreement with Republic of Congo; arrest of Moise Tshombe at Coquilhatville Conference; planned convening of Parliament; expulsion of Frank Carlucci.

0817 July 1962 Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; Parliament.

0834 August 1962 Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; U Thant.

19 Frame File Subject

0854 September 1962 Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Ralph Bunche; U Thant.

0874 October 1962 Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; CNA offensive in Katanga; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations.

0892 November 1962 Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; CNA offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Parliament.

0906 December 1962 Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Parliament.

0917 January 1963 Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; UN offensive in Katanga; Belgian government; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations and reconciliation; Parliament.

0926 770G.001 Political Affairs: Communism

0952 770G.0111 Political Affairs: Agents—U.S.

0959 770G.0177 Political Affairs: Agents—Trust Territory of Somaliland

770G.02 Political Affairs: Government [UN military forces; airlifts; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Katanga; Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; Moise Tshombe; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Soviet influence; Joseph Kasavubu; CNA; South Kasai; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; European colonists; Baluba; tribal authorities.] 0961 June 1960

0976 July 1960

1011 August 1960

1016 September 1960

20 Frame File Subject

Reel 27 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.02 Political Affairs: Government cont. [UN military forces; airlifts; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Katanga; Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; Moise Tshombe; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Soviet influence; Joseph Kasavubu; CNA; South Kasai; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; European colonists; Baluba; tribal authorities.] 0001 November 1960

0009 December 1960

0010 January 1961

0013 February 1961

0044 March 1961

0054 April 1961

0056 July 1961

0057 August 1961

0074 September 1961

0075 November 1961

0076 December 1961

0087 January 1962

0088 March 1962

0091 April 1962

0101 May 1962

0104 January 1963

0106 770G.02A Political Affairs: Government—Advisors

0127 770G.022 Political Affairs: Government—Territory

0145 770G.0221 Political Affairs: Government—Territory Occupied by Foreign Military Forces

21 Frame File Subject

770G.03 Political Affairs: Constitution [UN military forces; airlifts; withdrawal of Belgian technicians; Katanga; Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; Moise Tshombe; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Soviet influence; Joseph Kasavubu; CNA; South Kasai; Stanleyville (Kisangani); Orientale; Kivu; mercenaries; European colonists; Baluba; tribal authorities.] 0147 December 1960

0148 March 1961

0149 September 1961

0150 December 1961

0166 January 1962

0172 March 1962

0174 April 1962

0181 May 1962

0184 June 1962

0186 July 1962

0212 August 1962

0236 September 1962

0293 October 1962

0333 November 1962

0355 December 1962

0363 January 1963

0372 770G.04 Political Affairs: Flag

0373 770G.06 Political Affairs: National Anthem

0375 770G.062 [870G.062 Economic Matters: Labor—Unions; Strikes]

0376 770G.081 Political Affairs: Citizenship—Passports

0382 770G.1 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government

22 Frame File Subject

0383 770G.10 [870G.10 Financial Matters [General]]

770G.11 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Chief Executive 0391 June 1960 Joseph Kasavubu.

0392 July 1960 Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba.

0393 August 1960 Patrice Lumumba visit to Canada.

0394 September 1960 Joseph Kasavubu dismissal of Patrice Lumumba.

0399 October 1960 Joseph Kasavubu correspondence with Dwight D. Eisenhower.

0402 November 1960 Joseph Kasavubu visit to UN General Assembly in New York.

0418 December 1960 Moise Tshombe.

0423 January 1961 Joseph Kasavubu correspondence with John F. Kennedy and Dag Hammarskjöld.

0428 February 1961 Moise Tshombe; Angolan African Royalist Movement in Republic of Congo.

0432 March 1961 Joseph Kasavubu.

0433 April 1961 Death of Patrice Lumumba; Soviet influence.

0434 May 1961 visit to United States.

0435 June 1961 Fulbert Youlou visit to United States; Joseph Kasavubu.

0438 July 1961 Joseph Kasavubu; Soviet influence; Antoine Gizenga; Moise Tshombe.

23 Frame File Subject

0441 August 1961 Joseph Kasavubu visit to Nigeria; Fulbert Youlou correspondence with John F. Kennedy; Soviet influence.

0458 October 1961 Joseph Kasavubu; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0459 December 1961 Moise Tshombe; Fulbert Youlou.

0461 January 1962 Soviet influence in Nigeria; Nnamdi Azikiwe.

0463 February 1962 Lagos, Nigeria, Conference on African Unity; Hamani Diori; Moise Tshombe visit to United States.

0474 March 1962 Fulbert Youlou visit to West Germany; UN support for meeting of Antoine Gizenga and Moise Tshombe.

0488 June 1962 Joseph Kasavubu correspondence with John F. Kennedy.

0489 July 1962 Moise Tshombe; Joseph Kasavubu correspondence with John F. Kennedy.

0491 August 1962 Tribal authorities in Angola; meeting of Moise Tshombe with in .

0503 September 1962 Angolan African Royalist Movement.

0508 October 1962 Seizure of Ugandan airplane sent for wife of Patrice Lumumba; Justin Bomboko; Moise Tshombe correspondence with John F. Kennedy.

0512 November 1962 Conference of Provincial Presidents; Joseph Kasavubu; Hamani Diori’s views on Council of the Entente; Moise Tshombe; Union Minière in Katanga.

0519 December 1962 Correspondence of Cyrille Adoula with John F. Kennedy; embargo on Katangan copper and cobalt; Joseph Kasavubu.

24 Frame File Subject

0522 January 1963 Joseph Kasavubu; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe; Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation.

0528 770G.111 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Governors of States and Districts

0556 770G.112 [870G.112 Financial Matters: Taxation—Income]

0558 770G.1122 [270G.1122 Protection in Congo of Interest of Nationals of U.S.: Protection of Against Unofficial Acts—Repatriation]

0567 770G.12 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Vice President

770G.13 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Cabinet; Ministry 0569 July 1960 Patrice Lumumba; Belgian government; Joseph Yav; Moise Tshombe; Katanga; Soviet influence; Fulbert Youlou; Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville).

0587 August 1960 Patrice Lumumba visits to Tunisia, United States, Morocco, and Guinea; UN military forces in Congo; airlifts; Antoine Gizenga; Soviet influence.

0616 September 1960 Dismissal and arrest of Patrice Lumumba; Joseph Kasavubu; Justin Bomboko; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Soviet influence; Dag Hammarskjöld; Louis Scheyven; Belgian government; Jean Nsele; Joseph Ileo.

0636 October 1960 Erosion of support for Patrice Lumumba.

0645 November 1960 Moise Tshombe.

0646 December 1960 Patrice Lumumba; Joseph Kasavubu; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0647 January 1961 Kwame Nkrumah plea for release of Patrice Lumumba; Soviet influence; UN military forces.

25 Frame File Subject

0648 February 1961 , Katangan minister for interior affairs; CONAKAT Party; world protests of death of Patrice Lumumba.

0678 March 1961 Paul Muhona, Katangan minister for labor and social welfare.

0682 May 1961 Death in Brazzaville of Salomon Tshizand, Katangan minister for economic affairs.

0684 June 1961 Joseph Kasavubu: Joseph Ileo; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Cyrille Adoula; UN military forces; Parliament; Moise Tshombe; South Kasai; Katanga.

0690 July 1961 UN military forces.

0691 August 1961 Joseph Kasavubu; Parliament; political parties; Cyrille Adoula; Antoine Gizenga; Jason Sendwe; Justin Bomboko.

0704 September 1961 Jason Sendwe; Antoine Gizenga; Cyrille Adoula; Joseph Ileo; UN control of import licensing through Monetary Council.

0715 October 1961 Corruption in Licensing Office; Soviet influence; Joseph- Désiré Mobutu; Justin Bomboko; visits to United States by Congolese officials.

0721 November 1961 Faustin Okamba, minister of labor, Republic of Congo (Brazzaville); Fulbert Youlou correspondence with John F. Kennedy; Kouilou River hydroelectric power project; Justin Bomboko; visits to United States by Congolese officials; Cyrille Adoula; Parliament.

0727 January 1962 Antoine Gizenga; Cyrille Adoula; Mining State of Kasai; Soviet influence.

0729 February 1962 Cyrille Adoula; Justin Bomboko; visits to United States by Congolese officials; Katanga; UN military forces; Cyrille Adoula correspondence with John F. Kennedy; IMF; Moise Tshombe; Soviet influence; political parties; Niger Republic.

26 Frame File Subject

0781 March 1962 Cleophas Kamitatu; UN military forces; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations.

0789 April 1962 Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Justin Bomboko; Belgian government; Jason Sendwe; Cyrille Adoula correspondence with John F. Kennedy.

0810 May 1962 Cyrille Adoula; Kivu; Cleophas Kamitatu; Cyrille Adoula correspondence with John F. Kennedy.

0828 June 1962 IMF; Cyrille Adoula; Justin Bomboko; Parliament; Cleophas Kamitatu; Moise Tshombe; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations.

0838 July 1962 Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; UN military forces; visit of Congolese officials to United States; Justin Bomboko; Cleophas Kamitatu; Parliament; Joseph Kasavubu; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0871 August 1962 Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe; U.S. press coverage.

0875 September 1962 Visits to United States by officials of Republic of Congo (Brazzaville); Cyrille Adoula.

0882 October 1962 UN cease-fire agreement with Katanga; Cyrille Adoula; proposed new federal constitution; Republic of Congo government’s conflict with UN.

0891 November 1962 Visit to France by Katangan official; Cyrille Adoula correspondence with U.S. officials; Joseph Kasavubu; Moise Tshombe; Parliament.

0904 December 1962 Parliament; Cyrille Adoula; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations; Moise Tshombe; Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation; Soviet influence; alleged corruption in import licensing; Jason Sendwe; Joseph Kasavubu.

0928 January 1963 Cyrille Adoula’s prorogation of Parliament; UN military forces; reintegration of Katanga; tribal authorities.

27 Frame File Subject

0957 770G.14 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government—Civil Service

0976 770G.2 Political Affairs: Legislative Branch of Government

Reel 28 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 0001 770G.21 Political Affairs: Legislative Branch of Government— Proceedings; Debates

0098 770G.25 [870G.25 Agriculture: Mines; Mining]

0099 770G.2553 [870G.2553 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Carbon: Petroleum]

0102 770G.3 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government

0107 770G.31 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—National Courts

0115 770G.311 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—National Courts: Attorneys; Practice of Law

0124 770G.33 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—Jurisdiction

0125 770G.3331 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—Jurisdiction: Process Issued for Service Abroad

0126 770G.34 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government—Laws; Statutes

0152 770G.4 [970G.40 Communications: Radio; Broadcasting]

0153 770G.49 [870G.49 Social Matters; Disasters: Relief Measures]

770G.5 National Defense Affairs [General] 0156 April 1960 Belgian government.

0157 July 1960 Ghana; Belgian government; Belgian advisers; UN military forces; airlifts; Moise Tshombe; Katanga.

0171 August 1960 Belgian government; Katanga; Force Publique mutiny; tribal authorities; CNA organization; UN military forces; supplies.

28 Frame File Subject

0177 September 1960 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Patrice Lumumba; Soviet influence; CNA organization; Force Publique; Joseph Kasavubu.

0185 October 1960 UK; UN; Dag Hammarskjöld; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Rajeshwar Dayal; CNA organization and lack of control; Belgian government; Belgian advisers; Katanga; Mining State of Kasai.

0191 November 1960 UN military forces; CNA lack of control; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0194 December 1960 CNA lack of control; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0196 January 1961 France; mercenaries in Katanga.

0199 February 1961 South Africa; mercenaries in Katanga.

0200 March 1961 CNA reorganization; Julien Basongo; Joseph Kasavubu; Justin Bomboko; Tananarive Conference; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; CNA conflicts with Congolese Air Force; UN military forces; Belgian advisers in Katanga; airfields.

0213 April 1961 Orientale; Kivu; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; U.S. support of UN plans for CNA reorganization.

0220 May 1961 Congolese Air Force; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; UN; Belgian advisers.

0222 June 1961 U.S. support of UN plans for CNA reorganization; Joseph- Désiré Mobutu; UN military forces; civic action teams; Moise Tshombe; Belgian training of CNA and Congolese naval personnel.

0240 July 1961 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Katanga; Antoine Gizenga; Mining State of Kasai; UN training of CNA personnel.

0252 August 1961 UN training of CNA personnel; Katanga; Congolese Air Force.

29 Frame File Subject

0262 September 1961 UN training of CNA personnel; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe.

0282 October 1961 Joseph Kasongo; mercenaries; Parliament; Congolese Air Force; Belgian advisers; Antoine Gizenga; Soviet influence; UN training of CNA personnel; UN military forces; airlifts; CNA lack of control; Katangan Air Force operations.

0299 November 1961 UN military forces; Katanga; Mining State of Kasai; CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; mercenaries; Justin Bomboko; Soviet influence; Cyrille Adoula; Congolese Air Force; Katangan National Guard; Katangan Air Force operations; Cleophas Kamitatu; Antoine Gizenga; Moise Tshombe; airports; Orientale; Joseph Kasavubu; UN training of CNA personnel.

0357 December 1961 UN military forces; CNA; Katanga; Moise Tshombe; Mining State of Kasai; Cyrille Adoula; Belgian training of Congolese Air Force personnel; UN training of CNA personnel; airlifts.

0385 January 1962 Katanga; mercenaries; Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation; reorganization of Congolese Air Force; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Cyrille Adoula; CNA lack of control; U.S. support of UN in Congo; Kenyan training of Congolese police personnel; UN training of CNA personnel.

0398 February 1962 Canadian participation in UN military forces in Congo; training of Congo police personnel; reorganization and UN training of CNA personnel; Cyrille Adoula; Katanga; mercenaries; Belgian advisers; Kivu.

0432 March 1962 Belgian training of CNA personnel; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; reorganization and UN assistance to CNA; Katanga; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe; needs of Congolese Air Force.

0487 April 1962 UN and Belgian training of CNA personnel.

0491 May 1962 UN and Belgian training of CNA personnel; Katanga; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe.

30 Frame File Subject

0500 June 1962 Reorganization of CNA; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Belgian advisers.

0503 July 1962 Reorganization of CNA; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; U.S. assistance to Congo; Belgian advisers; Cyrille Adoula; Congolese Air Force; UN training of CNA personnel.

0509 August 1962 Reorganization and training of CNA personnel; Cyrille Adoula; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; UN military forces; Antoine Gizenga.

0514 September 1962 UN and Italian training of Congolese Air Force personnel; Cyrille Adoula.

0519 October 1962

0523 November 1962 Katanga; CNA; UN military forces; Cyrille Adoula; Joseph- Désiré Mobutu; Moise Tshombe; UN and Italian training of Congolese Air Force personnel; Cleophas Kamitatu; Justin Bomboko; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Katangan Air Force; Belgian advisers; Israel; reorganization of CNA.

0595 December 1962 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Belgian training of CNA personnel; Katanga; Cyrille Adoula; reorganization of CNA; Justin Bomboko; Soviet influence; Yugoslavia; Antoine Gizenga; UN military forces; Chinese-Indian border war; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; mercenaries; Harlan Cleveland; UN and CNA offensive in Katanga; Moise Tshombe.

0687 January 1963 UN and CNA offensive in Katanga; Moise Tshombe; Joseph- Désiré Mobutu; UN reorganization and training of CNA personnel; Cleophas Kamitatu; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Cyrille Adoula; UN and Italian training of Congolese Air Force personnel.

770G.5MSP National Defense Affairs: Mutual Security Program 0772 July 1960 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; disaster relief; food supplies; airlifts; UN military forces; International Cooperation Administration; Belgian government; Cameroon’s request for U.S. military aid; France; Joseph Ileo; Patrice Lumumba’s visit to United States; Soviet influence.

31 Frame File Subject

0798 August 1960 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; U.S. aid to Gabon, Congo (Brazzaville), Central African Republic, and Chad; France; Belgian advisers; Belgian government; Patrice Lumumba visit to United States; bilateral scholarship program; Dwight D. Eisenhower and Mutual Security Act.

0860 September 1960 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo.

0869 October 1960 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Dwight D. Eisenhower and Mutual Security Act; bilateral scholarship program; Baluba; South Kasai; International Cooperation Administration; Belgian aid to Congo.

0877 November 1960 South Kasai; Belgian aid to Congo; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; U.S. aid to Republic of Togo.

0889 January 1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower and Mutual Security Act; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Kouilou River hydroelectric power project in Congo (Brazzaville).

0891 February 1961 U.S. aid for Congo Polytechnic Institute; International Cooperation Administration; Agricultural Technical Assistance Foundation.

0896 March 1961 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; famine relief; International Cooperation Administration; Mining State of Kasai; CIA intelligence; Department of Commerce and American carriers to Congo.

0911 May 1961 Bas-Congo Association request for U.S. and International Cooperation Administration aid; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; economic stabilization.

0914 June 1961 Food supplies; alcoholic beverages; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; John F. Kennedy and Mutual Security Act.

0918 July 1961 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; economic stabilization; disaster relief; bilateral scholarship program; food supplies; International Cooperation Administration.

32 Frame File Subject

0938 October 1961 USAID development grants; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo.

0942 November 1961 Soviet influence; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo

0945 July 1962 Airlifts; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Dwight D. Eisenhower and Mutual Security Act.

0955 770G.52 National Defense Affairs: Intelligence Activities Reel 29 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.521 National Defense Affairs: Intelligence Activities—Biographical Data 0001 July 1960 Patrice Lumumba; Daniel Kaninda; Donatien Muanza; Brussels RTC; U.S. and Belgian training programs.

0015 September 1960 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Brussels RTC; INFORCONGO; Force Publique.

0022 October 1960 Victor Promontorio; Brussels RTC; Jean Bolikango.

0024 November 1960 Bernard Nyamasoko; Alphonse Roger Kithima; Victor Beleke; Remy-Andre Siwa; visits by Congolese officials to United States.

0032 December 1960 Congo (Brazzaville); Fulbert Youlou; Simon Kikhounga- N’Got; Germain Bikouma; Etienne Mbila; USIS English language classes.

0036 January 1961 Jean Baptiste Kibwe; Katanga; Kivu; Mwanaute Bonaventure Makonga; Lucas Matombo Samalenge.

33 Frame File Subject

0051 February 1961 Moise Kapenda Tshombe; Katanga; Charles Mutaka Wa Dilomba; Alphonse Roger Kithima; Joseph Kasavubu; Joseph Ileo; Cyrille Adoula; Cleophas Bizala; Jean Bolikango; ; Justin Bomboko; Albert Delvaux; Jean-Pierre Dericoyard; Alphonse Ilunga; Alois Karangi; Julien Kasongo; Felicien Kimvay; ; Marcel Linau; Alexandre Mahamba; Jacques Massa; Vincent Mbwakiem; Francois Mopipi; Thomas Mukwidi; Pascal Nkayi.

0063 March 1961 Kivu; Katanga; Salomon Tshizand.

0068 July 1961 Katanga; Alphonse Kiela; CONAKAT.

0070 August 1961 Cyrille Adoula; Brussels RTC; MNC Kalonji.

0073 September 1961 Cyrille Adoula; Antoine Gizenga; Jason Sendwe; Justin- Marie Bomboko; ; Joseph Ileo; Arthur Pinzi; Remy Mwamba; Ambroise Eleo; Alois Kahanga; Charles Kisolokele; Michel Mongali; Gregoire Kamanga; Jean-Chrystostome Weregemere; Alphonse Ilunga; Edmond Rudahindwa; Pierre Masikita; Marcel Bisukiro; Ferdinand Mungamba; Alexandre Mahamba; Sylvain Kama; Augustin Asumani; Joseph Ngulula; Samuel Badibanga; Albert Lumanza; Joseph Bonaventure Lutula; Ferdinand Kabangi- Numbi; Ambroise Muhunga; Sebastien Kapongo; Marcel Tshishiku; Etienne Kihuyu; Andre Anekonzapa; Marcel Lengema; Desire Bondhe; Alphonse Kambale; Justin Matiti; Emile Zola; Paul Bolya.

0082 October 1961 Maurice Kasongo; Soviet influence; USUN.

0083 November 1961 Norbert Muke; Katanga Gendarmerie.

0089 December 1961 Jean Marie N.Gosa; Belgian training of Congolese Air Force personnel.

0093 February 1962 John Marc Kodia; Czechoslovakia.

34 Frame File Subject

0095 March 1962 Sebastian Kini; Andre Bo-Boliko; Raphael Bintou; Katanga; South Kasai; Remy-Andre Siwa; Yvon Kimpiobi; Louis Omankoy.

0109 April 1962 Victor Koumourico; Angola; Katanga.

0112 June 1962 Jean Henri Malhonga-Allias; Soviet influence; Alberto Mavungu.

0118 October 1962 Katanga; Union Minière; Garard Assoignon; Rene Clemens; Henry Fortemps; Joachim Frankiel; Jean Baptiste Kibwe; Evariste Kimba; Norbert Muke; Godefroid Munongo; Mario Spandre; Moise Tshombe; CONAKAT; Brussels RTC; Tananarive Conference; Coquilhatville Conference; Cyrille Adoula; UN military forces; Patrice Lumumba; Andre Van Roey; Joseph Yav.

0129 December 1962 Katangan Air Force; Congo (Brazzaville); Soviet influence; Kueneman.

0135 770G.5211 National Defense Affairs: Intelligence Activities of U.S. in Congo

0136 770G.5242 National Defense Affairs: Intelligence Activities of Canada in Congo

0138 770G.5261 National Defense Affairs: Intelligence Activities of USSR in Congo

770G.54 National Defense Affairs: Maneuvers [Katanga; UN military forces.] 0139 February 1961 Moise Tshombe; Jason Sendwe; Albert Kalonji.

0149 March 1961 Belgian advisers.

0150 December 1961

0153 February 1962 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; CNA offensive in Katanga; Cyrille Adoula.

0157 March 1962

0166 April 1962

35 Frame File Subject

0175 May 1962

0177 June 1962 Moise Tshombe; Evariste Kimba; CNA offensive in Katanga; Cyrille Adoula.

0190 August 1962

0192 September 1962 CNA offensive in Katanga; Moise Tshombe; UK; Cyrille Adoula; Mining State of Kasai; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0214 November 1962 Katangan Air Force.

0217 December 1962 CNA offensive in Katanga; Moise Tshombe; Mining State of Kasai; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; Belgian advisers; Katangan Air Force.

0233 January 1963 Mercenaries.

0258 770G.5400 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—The World [UN]

0260 770G.5411 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—U.S.

0336 770G.5440 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Europe

0337 770G.5445C National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Rhodesia- Nyasaland Federation

0340 770G.5445J National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Ghana

0341 770G.5455 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Belgium

0389 770G.5461 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—USSR

0396 770G.5470G National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Congo

0397 770G.5472 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Tunisia

0399 770G.5475 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Ethiopia

0400 770G.5486B National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—United Arab Republic

0402 770G.5488 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Iran

0404 770G.5491 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—India

36 Frame File Subject

0405 770G.5498 National Defense Affairs: Troop Movements—Indonesia

0406 770G.55 National Defense Affairs: Organization

0407 770G.551 National Defense Affairs: Organization—Personnel

0446 770G.5511 National Defense Affairs: Organization—Personnel: Enlistment; Desertion

0451 770G.5512 National Defense Affairs: Organization—Personnel: Pay; Subsistence

0460 770G.55342 National Defense Affairs: Organization—Schools and Academies: Admission of Nationals of Canada for Teaching

0461 770G.55345J National Defense Affairs: Organization—Schools and Academies: Admission of Nationals of Ghana for Teaching

770G.56 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies [UN military forces.] 0464 July 1960 Polish ship; airlifts.

0470 August 1960

0473 September 1960 Soviet influence; Greece; Morocco; Patrice Lumumba; Egypt; Belgian advisers; Czechoslovakia.

0483 December 1960 Stanleyville (Kisangani) secession movement; Antoine Gizenga; Soviet influence; Orientale; Egypt; United Arab Republic.

0495 January 1961 Czechoslovakia; Justin Bomboko.

0501 February 1961 Egypt; United Arab Republic; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo.

0506 March 1961 Sudan; Stanleyville (Kisangani) secession movement; Katanga; Israel; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0511 April 1961 Attempts by Katangan government to purchase motor vehicles abroad; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo.

37 Frame File Subject

0515 May 1961 Attempts by Katangan government to purchase motor vehicles abroad; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo.

0516 June 1961 Stanleyville (Kisangani) secession movement; Orientale; Antoine Gizenga; Soviet influence; Ghana.

0518 July 1961 Republic of Congo (Brazzaville); Angola; Katanga; Italy; France.

0532 August 1961 Italy; France; Katanga; Stanleyville (Kisangani) secession movement; Orientale; Kivu.

0535 October 1961 Katanga; Angola.

0537 November 1961 Stanleyville (Kisangani) secession movement; Orientale; Sudan; Katanga; mercenaries.

0547 December 1961 Canada; Katanga; Angola; Portugal.

0553 January 1962 Katanga; Angola; Antoine Gizenga; Cyrille Adoula; attempts by Katangan government to purchase motor vehicles abroad.

0559 February 1962 Attempts by Katangan government to purchase motor vehicles abroad; Republic of Congo’s (Brazzaville) purchase of aircraft and munitions in Italy; Kivu; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; mercenaries; Hubert Fauntleroy “The Black Eagle” Julian.

0578 March 1962 Congolese Air Force; Belgian advisers; Justin Bomboko; Katanga; mercenaries; Hubert Fauntleroy “The Black Eagle” Julian; Moise Tshombe.

0591 April 1962 Katanga; mercenaries; Hubert Fauntleroy “The Black Eagle” Julian; Cyrille Adoula; Belgian advisers; Moise Tshombe.

0608 May 1962 Katanga; mercenaries; Hubert Fauntleroy “The Black Eagle” Julian; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe.

38 Frame File Subject

0618 August 1962 U.S. support of UN plans for CNA reorganization; Cyrille Adoula; Belgium.

0623 September 1962 Katanga; mercenaries; Hubert Fauntleroy “The Black Eagle” Julian; U.S. support of UN plans for CNA reorganization.

0625 October 1962 U.S. support of UN plans for CNA reorganization; Joseph- Désiré Mobutu; Moise Tshombe; Portugal.

0637 November 1962 Katangan government’s purchase of motor vehicles abroad; Israel; Moise Tshombe; Angola.

0642 December 1962 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Italy; Cyrille Adoula; Justin Bomboko; Soviet influence.

0665 January 1963 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Iran; Cyrille Adoula; Portugal; Angola.

0670 770G.561 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies— Armaments; Ordnance

0671 770G.5611 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies— Armaments; Ordnance: Atomic Weapons

0672 770G.5612 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies— Armaments; Ordnance: Guided Missiles; Rockets

0674 770G.5614 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies— Armaments; Ordnance: Bombs; Grenades; Rifles; Small Arms

770G.5622 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Ships; Aircraft; Military Aircraft [Katanga; Congolese Air Force; mercenaries; UN military forces.] 0675 August 1960 Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; Soviet influence.

0677 September 1960 Soviet influence; Joseph Kasavubu; Joseph Ileo; Patrice Lumumba; Mining State of Kasai.

0682 October 1960 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo.

0685 February 1961

39 Frame File Subject

0700 March 1961

0702 April 1961 Joseph Ileo.

0707 May 1961

0709 June 1961

0713 July 1961

0725 August 1961

0741 September 1961

0759 October 1961 Federal Republic of Germany.

0820 November 1961

0868 December 1961 France; Belgium; Iran; Congo-Katanga peace negotiations.

0906 January 1962

0917 February 1962 Republic of Congo (Brazzaville).

0929 March 1962 Angola; South Africa; Portugal.

0950 April 1962

0954 May 1962

0971 June 1962 Cyrille Adoula; Joseph-Désiré Mobutu.

0996 July 1962

1010 August 1962

1018 September 1962

40 Frame File Subject

Reel 30 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 770G.5622 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Ships; Aircraft; Military Aircraft cont. [Katanga; Congolese Air Force; mercenaries; UN military forces.] 0001 September 1962 cont.

0024 October 1962

0040 November 1962

[0041 770G.00 Political Affairs: General]

0044 November 1962 cont.

0048 December 1962

0068 January 1963

0071 770G.563 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Bases

0102 770G.56300 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Bases: The World [UN]

0110 770G.56311 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Bases: U.S.

0113 770G.56353N National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Bases: Angola

0119 770G.56355 National Defense Affairs: Equipment and Supplies—Bases: Belgium

0196 770G.58 National Defense Affairs: Missions

0224 770G.5800 National Defense Affairs: Missions—The World [UN}

770G.5811 National Defense Affairs: Missions—U.S. 0225 June 1960

0226 July 1960

0254 August 1960

0259 September 1960

41 Frame File Subject

0262 October 1960

0264 November 1960

0270 December 1960

0271 April 1961

0272 June 1961

0273 July 1961

0276 August 1961

0280 October 1961

0284 November 1961

0289 December 1961

0304 January 1962

0305 February 1962

0307 March 1962

0311 April 1962

0313 May 1962

0318 June 1962

0334 July 1962

0343 October 1962

0345 November 1962

0348 December 1962 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Cyrille Adoula; Katanga.

0451 January 1963

0461 770G.5819 National Defense Affairs: Missions—Panama

0464 770G.5841 National Defense Affairs: Missions—Great Britain, United Kingdom [Ghana]

0469 770G.5845A National Defense Affairs: Missions—Union of South Africa

0470 770G.5845J National Defense Affairs: Missions—Ghana

42 Frame File Subject

0473 770G.5851 National Defense Affairs: Missions—France

0478 770G.5855 National Defense Affairs: Missions—Belgium

0496 770G.5861 National Defense Affairs: Missions—Union of Socialist Socialist Republics

0498 770G.5865 National Defense Affairs: Missions—Italy

0501 770G.61 National Defense Affairs: Stockpiling—Rubber

0502 770G.7301 [970G.7301] Transportation—Water Transportation: Rivers

Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Belgian Congo 855A.00 Economic Matters [General] [Economic reviews and assessments; import and export statistics.] 0503 January 1960

0525 March 1960

0533 April 1960 Political parties; Brussels RTC; Joseph Kasavubu; European colonists.

0656 May 1960 Political parties; Brussels RTC; Joseph Kasavubu; Patrice Lumumba; European colonists.

0756 June 1960 Political parties; Brussels RTC; elections; Joseph Kasavubu; European colonists.

0797 July 1960 Political parties; Brussels RTC; Moise Tshombe; Katanga; European colonists.

0827 May 1962 Orientale.

0829 855A.00A Economic Matters: Advisers

0837 855A.00TA Economic Matters: Technical Assistance

0884 855A.00 TEN YEAR Economic Matters: Ten Year Plan

0886 855A.0000 Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Belgian Congo and Other Countries

43 Frame File Subject

0893 855A.0084A Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Belgian Congo and Israel

855A.05111 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: U.S. 0895 January 1960

Reel 31 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Belgian Congo cont. 855A.05111 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: U.S. cont. 0001 February 1960

0010 March 1960

0024 May 1960

0028 June 1960

0030 855A.05111 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: Belgium

0032 855A.052 Economic Matters: Cooperative Systems

0035 855A.053 Economic Matters: Corporations

0036 855A.055 Economic Matters: Retail Trade

0038 855A.06 Economic Matters: Labor

0040 855A.062 Economic Matters: Labor—Unions; Strikes

855A.10 Financial Matters [General] 0066 January 1960

0069 February 1960

0071 March 1960

0104 April 1960

0132 May 1960

0150 June 1960

0332 July 1960

0334 April 1961

44 Frame File Subject

0336 April 1962

0337 855A.131 Financial Matters: Monetary System—Foreign Exchange

0344 855A.14 Financial Matters: Banks; Banking

0346 855A.16 Financial Matters: Lands

0348 855A.19 Financial Matters: Industrial Matters

0349 855A.1901 Financial Matters: Industrial Matters—Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes

0359 855A.191EL Financial Matters: Industrial Matters—Expositions; Exhibitions: Elisabethville

0365 855A.20 Agriculture [General]

0369 855A.20 Agriculture: Animal Husbandry—Wild Animals; Game Laws

0371 855A.25 Agriculture: Mines; Mining

0380 855A.2535 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Precious Stones: Diamonds

0381 855A.2547 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Base Metals: Others

0382 855A.2553 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Carbon: Petroleum

0392 855A.2612 Agriculture: Engineering—Public Works: Roads; Highways

0395 855A.2614 Agriculture: Engineering—Public Works: Utilities

0410 855A.3932 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Other Manufactures— Manufactured Non-Metallic Minerals: Fuel and Petroleum Products

0417 855A.3971 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Other Manufactures— Chemicals: Medicines and Pharmaceuticals

0418 855A.401 Social Matters: Population Statistics

0426 855A.411 Social Matters: People—Race Problems

0441 855A.413 Social Matters: People—Religion

0450 855A.43 Social Matters: Education

0457 855A.432 Social Matters: Education—Universities

0475 855A.451 Social Matters: Amusements; Sports—Theaters

45 Frame File Subject

0477 855A.47411 Social Matters: Etiquette—Ceremonial Communications: with the U.S.

0483 855A.49 Social Matters: Disasters; Relief Measures

0488 855A.511 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Municipal Government— Police Organization

Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo 870G.00 Economic Matters [General] [Economic reviews and assessments; import and export statistics; UN financial and economic assistance; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0489 June 1960

0490 July 1960

0493 August 1960

0506 September 1960

0554 October 1960

0612 November 1960

0664 December 1960

0700 January 1961

0715 February 1961

0738 March 1961

0765 April 1961

0785 May 1961

0801 June 1961

0826 July 1961

0833 August 1961

0843 September 1961

0844 October 1961

0870 November 1961

46 Frame File Subject

0878 December 1961

0934 January 1962

Reel 32 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 870G.00 Economic Matters [General] cont. [Economic reviews and assessments; import and export statistics; UN financial and economic assistance; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0001 February 1962 Cyrille Adoula; CNA.

0027 March 1962 Moise Tshombe; CNA; Orientale; Cyrille Adoula.

0062 April 1962

0098 May 1962

0111 June 1962 Congolese financial crisis.

0144 July 1962 Cyrille Adoula; unemployment; Moise Tshombe; European colonists; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo.

0176 August 1962 Union Minière.

0205 September 1962

0213 October 1962

0257 November 1962 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; plantation economy; Belgium.

0281 December 1962 Belgium; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; Union Minière.

0304 January 1963 U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; peace negotiations; demobilization plans.

0323 870G.00A Economic Matters: Economic Advisers

47 Frame File Subject

0342 870G.0000 Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Congo and Other Countries

0401 870G.0045C Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Congo and Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation

0402 870G.0051 Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Congo [Brazzaville] and France

0404 870G.0061 Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Congo and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

0409 870G.0086B Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Congo and United Arab Republic

0411 870G.0093 Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Congo and China [PRC and ROC]

0416 870G.0094 Economic Matters: Economic Relations Between Congo and Japan

0437 870G.01 Economic Matters: Cost of Living

0438 870G.0170B [770G.0170B] Political Affairs: Agents—Guinea

0439 870G.03 Economic Matters: Food Conditions

0448 870G.04 Economic Matters: Fuel Conditions

0452 870G.05100 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: by Other Countries

0456 870G.05111 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: U.S.

0551 870G.05140 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: Europe

0554 870G.05154 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: Switzerland

0555 870G.05155 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: Belgium

0643 870G.05158 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: Sweden

0645 870G.05181 Economic Matters: Capital—Investments: Greece

0646 870G.052 Economic Matters: Cooperative Systems

0648 870G.053 Economic Matters: Corporations

0662 870G.055 Economic Matters: Retail Trade

48 Frame File Subject

870G.06 Economic Matters: Labor 0665 August 1960 Legislation.

0715 September 1960

0716 October 1960

0718 January 1961 Survey of employment and unemployment.

0781 April 1961 Legislation.

0841 June 1961 Survey of employment and unemployment.

0897 September 1961

0899 August 1960 misfile

0902 September 1961 cont. Legislation.

0915 October 1961

0918 November 1961

0926 December 1961

0932 January 1962

0948 February 1962

0954 March 1962

0959 April 1962

0960 June 1962

0961 July 1962

0963 August 1962

0975 October 1962

0977 November 1962

0979 870G.061 Economic Matters: Labor—Wages

49 Frame File Subject

870G.062 Economic Matters: Labor—Unions; Strikes 1022 July 1960

1026 August 1960

1039 September 1960

1043 October 1960

Reel 33 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 870G.062 Economic Matters: Labor—Unions; Strikes cont. 0001 November 1960

0008 January 1961

0009 March 1961

0021 April 1961

0052 May 1961

0053 June 1961

0064 July 1961

0070 August 1961

0072 September 1961

0109 October 1961

0122 November 1961

0134 December 1961

0191 January 1962

0194 February 1962

0213 March 1962

0245 April 1962

0266 May 1962 Publications.

50 Frame File Subject

0460 June 1962

0473 July 1962

0484 August 1962

0518 October 1962 Publications.

0629 November 1962

0642 December 1962

0646 January 1963 Publications.

0681 870G.072 Economic Matters: Pensions—Old Age

870G.10 Financial Matters [General] [UN financial assistance; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0690 July 1960

0767 August 1960

0773 September 1960

0777 October 1960

0800 November 1960

0810 December 1960

0831 January 1961

0848 February 1961

0876 March 1961

0883 April 1961

0923 May 1961

0974 June 1961

0989 July 1961

0996 August 1961

1019 September 1961

51 Frame File Subject

Reel 34 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 870G.10 Financial Matters [General] cont. [UN financial assistance; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0001 September 1961 cont.

0012 October 1961

0018 November 1961

0023 December 1961

0027 January 1962

0037 February 1962

0057 March 1962

0128 April 1962

0154 May 1962

0211 June 1962

0317 July 1962

0375 August 1962

0429 September 1962

0459 October 1962

0515 November 1962

0536 December 1962

0668 January 1963

0687 870G.10A Financial Matters: Advisers

870G.11 Financial Matters: Taxation 0730 April 1961

0734 December 1961

0736 January 1962

52 Frame File Subject

0737 February 1962

0742 March 1962

0764 April 1962

0779 May 1962

0793 June 1962

0800 July 1962

0806 August 1962

0809 September 1962

0813 October 1962

0825 November 1962

0829 December 1962

0841 January 1963

0842 870G.112 Financial Matters: Taxation—Income

870G.13 Financial Matters: Monetary System 0903 October 1960

0904 December 1960

0906 January 1961

0911 March 1961

0912 April 1961

0914 May 1961

0915 June 1961

0919 July 1961

0920 September 1961

0925 November 1961

0941 December 1961

53 Frame File Subject

0943 January 1962

0947 February 1962

0959 March 1962

0964 April 1962

0969 May 1962

0979 June 1962

0993 July 1962

0997 August 1962

0998 September 1962

Reel 35 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 870G.13 Financial Matters: Monetary System cont. 0001 September 1962 cont.

0006 October 1962

0013 December 1962

0028 January 1963

0090 870G.13A Financial Matters: Monetary System—Advisers

870G.131 Financial Matters: Monetary System—Foreign Exchange [UN financial assistance; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0095 August 1960

0106 September 1960

0111 October 1960

0112 November 1960

0115 December 1960

0120 March 1961

0121 April 1961

54 Frame File Subject

0122 July 1961

0130 August 1961

0132 September 1961

0134 October 1961

0153 November 1961

0165 December 1961

0167 January 1962

0170 February 1962

0175 March 1962

0189 April 1962

0199 May 1962

0201 June 1962

0228 July 1962

0239 August 1962

0267 September 1962

0306 October 1962

0340 November 1962

0358 December 1962

0395 January 1963

0400 870G.13A Financial Matters: Monetary System—Foreign Exchange: Advisers

870G.14 Financial Matters: Banks; Banking [UN financial assistance; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0401 May 1960

0403 July 1960

0409 August 1960

55 Frame File Subject

0449 September 1960

0453 October 1960

0465 November 1960

0493 December 1960

0494 January 1961

0499 February 1961

0501 March 1961

0508 April 1961

0520 July 1961

0521 August 1961

0528 November 1961

0543 December 1961

0546 February 1962

0547 March 1962

0548 April 1962

0549 May 1962

0551 June 1962

0553 December 1962

0562 January 1963

0575 870G.14A Financial Matters: Banks; Banking—Advisers

0576 870G.15 Financial Matters: Exchanges

0578 870G.171 Financial Matters: Intellectual, Technical, and Industrial Property—Patents

0579 870G.18 Financial Matters: Immigration; Emigration

0585 870G.181 Financial Matters: Immigration; Emigration—Foreign Visas; Tourism

56 Frame File Subject

0662 870G.1851 Financial Matters: Emigration from the Congo to France

0663 870G.1855 Financial Matters: Immigration to the Congo from Belgium

0664 870G.19 Financial Matters: Industrial Matters

0696 870G.1901 Financial Matters: Industrial Matters—Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes

0713 870G.191AC Financial Matters: Industrial Matters—Expositions; Exhibitions: Accra, Ghana

0718 870G.191EL Financial Matters: Industrial Matters— Expositions; Exhibitions: Elisabethville

0723 870G.20 Agriculture [General]

0775 870G.2311 Agriculture: Field Crops—Grains: Wheat

0781 870G.2315 Agriculture: Field Crops—Grains: Corn

0782 870G.2317 Agriculture: Field Crops—Grains: Rice

0784 870G.2321 Agriculture: Field Crops—Fibers: Cotton

0786 [870G.2351] Agriculture: Field Crops—Sugar Yielding Plants [Cane]

0787 870G.2331 Agriculture: Field Crops—Alkaloidal Plants: Tobacco

0789 870G.2333 Agriculture: Field Crops—Alkaloidal Plants: Coffee

0802 870G.2334 Agriculture: Field Crops—Alkaloidal Plants: Cocoa; Cacao

0806 870G.2351 Agriculture: Field Crops—Sugar Yielding Plants [Cane]

0811 870G.2377 Agriculture: Field Crops—Fruits: Citrus Fruits

0812 870G.238 Agriculture: Field Crops—Flowers; Bulbs

0819 870G.241 Agriculture: Animal Husbandry—Practice of Veterinary Medicine; Outbreak of Rabies

0820 870G.2423 Agriculture: Animal Husbandry—Domestic Animals: Dairying; Milk

0824 870G.243 Agriculture: Animal Husbandry—Wild Animals; Game Laws

0833 870G.245 Agriculture: Animal Husbandry—Fisheries

57 Frame File Subject

870G.25 Agriculture: Mines; Mining [UN industrial and financial assistance; Union Minière; export tax payments; industrial and financial situation; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0834 June 1960

0843 July 1960

0853 August 1960

0855 September 1960

0860 October 1960

0868 December 1960

0871 January 1961

0882 February 1961

0902 March 1961

0913 April 1961

0918 May 1961

0925 June 1961

0937 July 1961

0942 September 1961

1005 October 1961

1013 November 1961

Reel 36 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 870G.25 Agriculture: Mines; Mining cont. [UN industrial and financial assistance; Union Minière; export tax payments; industrial and financial situation; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0001 November 1961 cont.

0003 December 1961

58 Frame File Subject

0006 January 1962

0016 February 1962

0028 March 1962

0036 April 1962

0038 May 1962

0042 June 1962

0053 July 1962

0071 August 1962

0106 September 1962

0112 October 1962

0129 November 1962

0191 December 1962

0260 January 1963

0289 870G.25A Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Advisers

0291 870G.251 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Laws

0292 870G.253 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Precious Metals and Precious Stones

0294 870G.253 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Precious Metals and Precious Stones: Diamonds

0361 870G.254 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Base Metals

0364 870G.2542 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Base Metals: Copper

0385 870G.2544 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Base Metals: Tin

0404 870G.2546 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Base Metals: Uranium

0422 870G.2547 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Base Metals: Other Base Metals

870G.2553 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Carbon; Petroleum [UN industrial and financial assistance; import tax payments; industrial and financial situation; political instability; Katangan secession movement.]

59 Frame File Subject

0432 July 1960

0435 February 1961

0436 April 1961

0444 June 1961

0449 October 1961

0450 November 1961

0452 January 1962

0453 February 1962

0459 March 1962

0465 April 1962

0466 May 1962

0475 June 1962

0481 July 1962

0517 August 1962

0542 September 1962

0545 October 1962

0560 November 1962

0591 December 1962

0621 January 1963

0633 870G.2566 Agriculture: Mines; Mining—Other Mining Products: Lime and Cement

0638 870G.261 Agriculture: Engineering—Public Works

0640 870G.2612 Agriculture: Engineering—Public Works: Roads; Highways; Bridges

0723 870G.2613 Agriculture: Engineering—Public Works: Parks

60 Frame File Subject

870G.2614 Agriculture: Engineering—Public Works: Utilities [UN industrial and financial assistance; hydroelectric power projects; industrial and financial situation; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0737 August 1960

0738 September 1960

0742 October 1960

0743 November 1960

0744 January 1961

0760 February 1961

0762 March 1961

0790 June 1961

0791 August 1961

0792 September 1961

0794 October 1961

0804 December 1961

0809 January 1962

0815 February 1962

0818 April 1962

0821 June 1962

0822 September 1962

0823 October 1962

0825 November 1962

0826 January 1963

0844 870G.311 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Foods—Meats

0846 870G.313 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Foods—Grain Products and Preparations; Flour; Cereals

0850 870G.316 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Foods—Beverages; Breweries

61 Frame File Subject

0852 870G.319 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Foods—Vegetable Oils, Edible

0853 870G.323 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Animal and Vegetable Products, Inedible—Tobacco Manufactures

0862 870G.324 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Animal and Vegetable Products, Inedible—Rubber Manufactures

0863 870G.325 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Animal and Vegetable Products, Inedible—Oils, Fats, and Greases

0864 870G.33 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries

0869 870G.3311 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Iron and Steel: Heavy Machinery

0871 870G.3312 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Iron and Steel: Light Machinery

0873 870G.332 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Building and Paving Materials

0876 870G.333 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Transportation Equipment

0882 870G.3331 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Transportation Equipment: Automobiles; Trucks

0914 870G.3332 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Transportation Equipment: Railroad

0915 870G.3333 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Transportation Equipment: Aircraft

0916 870G.335 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Iron and Steel and Related Industries—Communications Equipment

0918 870G.343 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Household, Office, and School Furnishings—Appliances

0922 870G.346 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Household, Office, and School Furnishings—Other

0925 870G.35 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Textile Industry

0934 870G.352 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Textile Industry—Cotton Manufactures

62 Frame File Subject

0939 870G.37 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Photography Apparatus and Supplies

0940 870G.391 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Other Manufactures—Lumber

0943 870G.3932 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Other Manufactures— Manufactured Non-Metallic Minerals: Fuels and Petroleum Products

0974 870G.394 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Other Manufactures—Metal Manufactures: Aluminum

0975 870G.3971 Manufacturers; Manufacturing: Other Manufactures— Chemicals: Medicines and Pharmaceuticals

0981 870G.40 Social Matters [General]

0984 870G.401 Social Matters: Population Statistics

0987 870G.41 Social Matters: People

Reel 37 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 0001 870G.411 Social Matters: People—Race Problems

0038 870G.413 Social Matters: People—Religion

0126 870G.414 Social Matters: People—Manners and Customs

0128 870G.424 Social Matters: History—Commemorative Customs

0158 870G.43 Social Matters: Education

0245 870G.431 Social Matters: Education—High Schools

0257 870G.432 Social Matters: Education—Universities

0307 870G.432A Social Matters: Education—Universities: Advisers

0308 870G.433 Social Matters: Education—Technical

0314 870G.441 Social Matters: Fine Arts—Painting

0316 870G.445 Social Matters: Fine Arts—Photography

0317 870G.452 Social Matters: Amusements; Sports—Motion Pictures

63 Frame File Subject

0322 870G.46 Social Matters: Societies

0344 870G.472 Social Matters: Etiquette—Precedence

0345 870G.47411 Social Matters: Etiquette—Ceremonial Communications: with the U.S.

870G.49 Social Matters: Disasters; Relief Measures [UN relief efforts; airlifts; relief situation; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0359 July 1960

0400 August 1960

0406 November 1960

0412 December 1960

0436 January 1961

0537 February 1961

0615 March 1961

0662 April 1961

0695 May 1961

0710 June 1961

0722 July 1961

0733 August 1961

0760 September 1961

0765 October 1961

0770 November 1961

0780 December 1961

0832 January 1962

0879 February 1962

0900 March 1962

0958 April 1962

64 Frame File Subject

0985 May 1962

0991 June 1962

1003 July 1962

1016 August 1962

1018 September 1962

Reel 38 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Republic of Congo cont. 870G.49 Social Matters: Disasters; Relief Measures cont. [UN relief efforts; airlifts; relief situation; political instability; Katangan secession movement.] 0001 October 1962 Angolan refugees in Congo.

0014 November 1962

0021 December 1962 Angolan refugees in Congo.

0044 January 1963 Angolan refugees in Congo.

0098 870G.501 Public Order, Safety, and Health: National and State Police

0120 870G.501A Public Order, Safety, and Health: National and State Police— Advisers

0121 870G.511 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Municipal Government— Police Organization

0122 870G.52 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Crime

0125 870G.521 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Crime—Correction and Punishment; Prisons

0127 870G.55 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Public Health

0173 870G.555 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Public Health—Practice of Medicine

0181 870G.56 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Charities; Philanthropic Organizations

65 Frame File Subject

0182 870G.561 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Charities; Philanthropic Organizations—Red Cross

0185 870G.562 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Charities; Philanthropic Organizations—Hospitals; Asylums

0186 870G.564 Public Order, Safety, and Health: Charities; Philanthropic Organizations—Institutional Homes; Orphanages

0188 870G.5811 [770G.5811 National Defense Affairs: Missions—U.S.]

0189 870G.712 [970G.712 Transportation: Land Transportation—Railroad]

Communications; Transportation; Science—Belgian Congo 0190 955A.61 Communications: Public Press—Newspapers

0208 955A.6211 Communications: Public Press—Newsgathering Agencies: U.S.

0211 955A.724 Transportation: Air Transportation—Airports; Landing Fields

0235 955A.8012 Science: Physical Sciences—Astronomy

0238 955A.8294 Science: Earth Sciences—Meteorology

0240 955A.84 Science: Medical Sciences

Communications; Transportation; Science—Republic of Congo 0242 970G.00 Communications: General

0260 970G.062 [870G.062 Economic Matters: Labor—Unions; Strikes]

0261 970G.10 Communications: Postal

0270 970G.104 Communications: Postal—Rates; Postage

0286 970G.152 [870G.112 Financial Matters: Taxation—Income]

0287 970G.20 Communications: Telegraph

0296 970G.2100 Communications: Telegraph—Communication Between Republic of Congo and the World

0297 970G.2170U Communications: Telegraph—Communication Between Republic of Congo and Nigeria

66 Frame File Subject

0298 970G.2175 Communications: Telegraph—Communication Between Republic of Congo and Ethiopia

0299 970G.30 Communications: Telephone

0301 970G.40 Communications: Radio

0351 970G.4170R Communications: Radio—Radio Communication Between Republic of Congo and Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

0352 970G.4175 Communications: Radio—Radio Communication Between Republic of Congo and Ethiopia

0353 970G.50 Communications: Television

0360 970G.60 Communications: Public Press

0367 970G.61 Communications: Public Press—Newspapers

0413 970G.62 Communications: Public Press—Newsgathering Agencies

0415 970G.6200 Communications: Public Press—Newsgathering Agencies: the World

0421 970G.6211 Communications: Public Press—Newsgathering Agencies: U.S.

0441 970G.6251 Communications: Public Press—Newsgathering Agencies: France

0444 970G.6255 Communications: Public Press—Newsgathering Agencies: Belgium

0446 970G.6278 Communications: Public Press—Newsgathering Agencies: Tanganyika

0452 970G.70 Transportation [General]

0458 970G.71 Transportation: Land Transportation

0473 970G.712 Transportation: Land Transportation—Railroads

0516 970G.71270M Transportation: Land Transportation—Railroads: Upper Volta

0517 970G.714 Transportation: Land Transportation—Automobiles

970G.72 Transportation: Air Transportation 0518 June 1960

67 Frame File Subject

0519 August 1960 Czechoslovakia; Sabena.

0531 September 1960 Pan American World Airways; Sabena.

0545 November 1960

0547 December 1960

0549 February 1961

0557 March 1961

0558 July 1961 Air Congo; Sabena.

0675 August 1961 Seven Seas Airlines; Sabena.

0690 September 1961

0700 October 1961

0701 November 1961

0706 December 1961

Reel 39 Communications; Transportation; Science—Republic of Congo cont. 970G.72 Transportation: Air Transportation cont. 0001 January 1962

0002 February 1962

0005 March 1962

0011 April 1962

0013 May 1962

0018 June 1962

0021 August 1962 Ban of unauthorized flights to Katanga.

0044 September 1962 Ban of unauthorized flights to Katanga.

68 Frame File Subject

0056 October 1962

0065 December 1962

0069 January 1963

0070 970G.7200 Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and the World

0081 970G.721 Transportation: Air Transportation—Laws and Regulations

0092 970G.7211 Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and U.S.

0097 970G.722 Transportation: Air Transportation—Rates

0100 970G.723 Transportation: Air Transportation—Accidents

0102 970G.724 Transportation: Air Transportation—Airports

0131 970G.7245C Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation

970G.726 Transportation: Air Transportation—Sale; Purchase 0132 December 1960

0134 January 1961

0135 September 1961

0142 November 1961 Thailand sale of airplane to Katanga.

0182 December 1961 Thailand sale of airplane to Katanga.

0231 January 1962 Thailand sale of airplane to Katanga.

0263 February 1962

0271 March 1962

0280 April 1962

0284 May 1962 U.S. export licenses for airplanes purchased by Congo.

0323 June 1962

0338 July 1962

69 Frame File Subject

0341 October 1962

0345 November 1962

0347 December 1962

0349 January 1963

0353 970G.7270U Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and Nigeria

0355 970G.7270X Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and Republic of South Africa

0356 970G.7281 Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and Greece

0382 970G.7283A Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and Lebanon

0383 970G.7285 Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and Jordan

970G.7286B Transportation: Air Transportation—between Republic of Congo and United Arab Republic 0390 December 1960

0392 May 1961

0401 July 1961

0413 August 1961 Air Jordan flights to Stanleyville (Kisangani).

0489 September 1961 Air Jordan flights to Stanleyville (Kisangani).

0505 970G.73 Transportation: Water Transportation

0522 970G.7301 Transportation: Water Transportation—Rivers; Floods

0537 970G.734 Transportation: Water Transportation—Harbors; Port Facilities

0544 970G.7370R Transportation: Water Transportation—Between Republic of Congo and Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

0550 970G.738 Transportation: Water Transportation—Documentation and Inspection

0551 970G.74 Transportation: Navigation

70 Frame File Subject

0557 970G.741 Transportation: Navigation—Aids and Menaces to Navigation

0563 970G.8011 Science: Research and Development—Scientific Institutions

0613 970G.8294 Science: Earth Sciences—Geophysics: Meteorology

0622 970G.8296 Science: Earth Sciences—Geophysics: Seismology

0623 970G.85 Science: Electronics

Reel 40 International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties—Belgian Congo 0001 655A.60 Political Relations between Belgian Congo and Eastern Continental Europe

0004 655A.93 Political Relations between Belgian Congo and China (ROC)

International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties—Republic of Congo 0009 670G.00 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Other Countries

0092 670G.70N Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Chad

0094 670G.70P Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Central African Republic

0096 670G.70P41 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Central African Republic: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Trade Agreements

0098 670G.70R Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

0123 670G.70S Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Gabon

0125 670G.70T Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Senegal

0126 670G.70U Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Nigeria

0136 670G.70X Political Relations between Republic of Congo and South Africa

0138 670G.70Z Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Burundi

0141 670G.71 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Morocco

71 Frame File Subject

0145 670G.72 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Tunisia

0146 670G.73 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Libya

0152 670G.76 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Liberia

0159 670G.78 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Tanganyika

0160 670G.78 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Tanganyika: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Treaties of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation

0166 670G.84A Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Israel

0172 670G.84B Political Relations between Republic of Congo and United Arab Republic

0189 670G.93 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and China (PRC)

0218 670G.95 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Korea (ROK)

0219 670G.98 Political Relations between Republic of Congo and Indonesia

International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties—U.S.–Belgian Congo 0223 611.55A Political Relations between the U.S. and Belgian Congo

0244 611.55A4 Political Relations between the U.S. and Belgian Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements

0248 611.55A41 Political Relations between the U.S. and Belgian Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Trade Agreements

0249 611.55A431 Political Relations between the U.S. and Belgian Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Financial Treaties and Agreements: Double Taxation

0280 611.55A45 Political Relations between the U.S. and Belgian Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy

0285 611.55A7 Political Relations between the U.S. and Belgian Congo: Military and Defense Agreements

72 Frame File Subject

International Political Relations; Bilateral Treaties—U.S.–Republic of Congo 611.70G Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo [Katangan secession movement and civil war; alleged Soviet influence.] 0299 February 1960 [February 1961]

0302 July 1960

0308 August 1960

0311 September 1960

0319 October 1960

0322 November 1960 UN report on Congo; Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) independence ceremonies.

0345 December 1960 Imprisonment and trial of Patrice Lumumba; Ghana; American Committee on Africa; George M. Houser; UN role in Congo.

0360 January 1961 Paul Nitze; UN role in Congo.

0369 February 1961 Dean Rusk; UN role in Congo; Gamal Abdel Nasser; United Arab Republic.

0385 March 1961

0390 April 1961

0395 May 1961

0399 June 1961

0408 July 1961

0414 August 1961

0417 September 1961 UN role in Congo.

0426 October 1961 U.S. support for Adoula government.

73 Frame File Subject

0448 November 1961 Dean Rusk; UN role in Congo.

0470 December 1961 UN role in Congo.

0513 January 1962 George Ball; UN role in Congo.

0552 February 1962 U.S. policy; UN role in Congo.

0581 March 1962

0585 April 1962

0593 May 1962

0604 June 1962

0618 July 1962

0619 August 1962 Moise Tshombe; U.S. policy; UN role in Congo.

0631 September 1962

0633 October 1962

0639 November 1962

0648 December 1962

0660 January 1963 Roy Wilkins; American Negro Leadership Conference on Africa; UN role in Congo.

0673 611.70G4 Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements

611.70G41 Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Trade Agreements [Katangan secession movement and civil war; U.S. assistance to UN in Congo; agricultural commodities agreement.] 0706 October 1960

0708 February 1961

0709 March 1961

0711 June 1961

74 Frame File Subject

0712 August 1961

0714 September 1961 Cyrille Adoula; UN role in Congo.

0758 October 1961

0773 November 1961 Cyrille Adoula.

0807 December 1961 Cyrille Adoula.

0822 January 1962

0826 February 1962

0843 March 1962

0847 April 1962

0854 May 1962

0862 June 1962

0870 July 1962

0873 October 1962

0877 November 1962

0886 December 1962

0901 January 1963

0906 611.70G43 Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Financial Treaties and Agreements

0944 611.70G431 Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Financial Treaties and Agreements: Double Taxation

0949 611.70G45 Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo: Economic Treaties and Agreements—Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy

0976 611.70G7 Political Relations between the U.S. and Republic of Congo: Military and Defense Agreements

75 Frame File Subject

0983 611.70G932 Other Relations; Other Bilateral Treaties: Communications Treaties—Radio and Television

0994 611.70G94 Other Relations; Other Bilateral Treaties: Air Navigation Treaties

76 SUBJECT INDEX

The following index is a guide to the major topics in this microform publication. The first number after each subentry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which the subject begins. Hence, 8: 0236 directs the researcher to frame 0236 of Reel 8. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial segment of this guide, the researcher will find topics arranged in the order in which they appear on the film. This index uses the terminology and spellings used in the original documents. In order to avoid confusion, the term “foreign relations” has been substituted for the State Department’s term “Political Relations.” Researchers should consult the acronym list on page xxxi.

Abako trade agreements 40: 0714, 0773– 1: 0001; 2: 0367 0807 Accidents U.S. support for 40: 0426 39: 0100 Advisers; technicians Accra, Ghana economic 30: 0837; 32: 0323 35: 0713 education 37: 0307 Adoula, Cyrille financial 34: 0687; 35: 0090, 0575 biographical data 29: 0051, 0070– government 27: 0106 0073, 0118 mining 36: 0289 correspondence with national and state police 38: 0120 Kennedy, John F. 27: 0519, 0729, visits to United States by 2: 0679 0789, 0810 Advisers; technicians, Belgian U.S. officials 27: 0904 general 28: 0157, 0200, 0220, 0282, general 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 0398, 0500, 0503, 0523, 0798; 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 29: 0149, 0217, 0473, 0578–0591 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; withdrawal of 5: 0692; 6: 0001, 0238, 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 0760; 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, 0834, 0854, 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0874, 0892, 0906, 0917; 27: 0522, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 0684, 0691, 0704, 0721, 0727, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 0729, 0781, 0810, 0828, 0838, 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0871, 0875, 0882, 0891, 0904; 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 28: 0262, 0299, 0357, 0398, 0432, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 0491, 0500–0514, 0523–0687; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 29: 0051, 0070–0073, 0118, 0192, 27: 0001–0104 0553, 0608–0618, 0642, 0971; 30: 0348; 32: 0001–0027, 0144 prorogation of Parliament 27: 0928

77 Africa Agriculture African Royalist Movement 27: 0428, animal husbandry 31: 0369; 35: 0819– 0503 0833 American Committee on Africa field crops 35: 0775–0812 40: 0345 general 31: 0365; 35: 0723 American Negro Leadership plantation economy 32: 0257 Conference on Africa 40: 0660 see also Commodities Council of the Entente 27: 0512 Air Congo Lagos Conference on African Unity 38: 0558 27: 0463 Aircraft U.S. policy 1: 0852 military 29: 0675–1018; 30: 0001–0068 see also Angola sale; purchase 39: 0132–0349, 0559 see also Burundi transportation equipment 36: 0915 see also Cameroon Air Force see also Central African Republic Belgian—training 29: 0089 see also Chad Congolese 28: 0220, 0252, 0282, see also Congo (Brazzaville) 0299, 0357, 0385, 0432, 0503, see also Egypt 0514, 0523, 0687; 29: 0089, 0578, see also Gabon 0675–1018; 30: 0001–0068 see also Ghana Katangan 28: 0282–0299, 0523; see also Guinea 29: 0129, 0214–0217 see also Kenya U.S. 4: 0001 see also Liberia Air Jordan see also Libya 39: 0413–0489 see also Morocco Airlifts see also Nigeria 3: 0001; 4: 0898; 6: 0760; 7: 0001; see also Niger Republic 10: 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; see also Rhodesia-Nyasaland 12: 0299; 14: 0001; 16: 0001; Federation 17: 0001; 26: 0683–0917, 0961– see also Ruanda-Urundi 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363, see also Senegal 0587; 28: 0157, 0282, 0357, 0945; see also Somaliland, Trust Territory of 29: 0464; 37: 0359–1018; 38: 0001– see also South Africa 0044 see also Sudan Airlines see also Tanganyika Air Congo 38: 0558 see also Togo, Republic of Air Jordan 39: 0413–0489 see also Tunisia Pan American World Airways 38: 0531 see also Uganda Sabena 38: 0519, 0531, 0558, 0675 see also Upper Volta Seven Seas Airlines 38: 0675 Agency for International Development, Air navigation treaties U.S. (USAID) between United States and Republic of development grants 28: 0938 Congo 40: 0994 Agents Airports; landing fields Guinea 32: 0438 4: 0001, 0898; 5: 0001; 6: 0760; Somaliland 26: 0959 7: 0001; 16: 0001; 17: 0001; United States 26: 0952, 0954 26: 0693; 27: 0508; 28: 0299; Agricultural Technical Assistance 38: 0211; 39: 0102 Foundation Air transportation 28: 0891 see transportation, air

78 Alcoholic beverages Ball, George 28: 0914 40: 0513 Alkaloidal plants Baluba 35: 0787–0802 conflict with Lulua 1: 0001, 0168, 0683, Aluminum 0852; 2: 0001, 0033, 0705; 5: 0001, 36: 0974 0692; 13: 0001 American Committee on Africa general 6: 0760; 7: 0001, 0518; 40: 0345 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, American Negro Leadership Conference 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; on Africa 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; 40: 0660 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; Amusements 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 37: 0317 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, Anekonzapa, Andre 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 29: 0073 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; Angola 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, Angolan African Royalist Movement 0491; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961– 27: 0428, 0503 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; general 29: 0109, 0518, 0535, 0547– 28: 0869 0553, 0637, 0665, 0929 Banks; banking military bases 30: 0113 31: 0344; 35: 0401–0575 refugees 14: 0358; 38: 0001, 0021– Bas-Congo Association 0044 28: 0911 tribal authorities 27: 0491 Base metals Animal husbandry 31: 0381; 36: 0361–0404, 0974 31: 0369; 35: 0819–0833 Basongo, Julien Animal products 28: 0200 36: 0862–0863 Bata plant Appliances Léopoldville—strikes 1: 0437 36: 0918 Beleke, Victor Armaments; ordnance 29: 0024 29: 0559, 0670–0674 Belgium Arts advisers; technicians 5: 0692; 6: 0001, 37: 0314–0316 0238, 0760; 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, Assoignon, Garard 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; 29: 0118 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, Astronomy 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 38: 0235 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; Asumani, Augustin 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 29: 0073 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, Atomic energy 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 29: 0671; 31: 0349; 35: 0696; 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 40: 0280, 0949 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, Automobiles 0491; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961– 36: 0882; 38: 0517 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; Azikiwe, Nnamdi 28: 0157, 0200, 0220, 0282, 0398, 27: 0461 0500, 0503, 0523, 0798; 29: 0149, Badibanga, Samuel 0217, 0473, 0578–0591 29: 0073 air force training 29: 0089 Congo Tripartite Talks 21: 0001

79 Belgium cont. 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; economic aid 28: 0869, 0877 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, emigration from 35: 0663 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, financial assistance 2: 0689 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 0705; 29: 0618, 0868; 32: 0257 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; government 13: 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0669; 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 0678; 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001– 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001; 0104, 0147–0363, 0616, 0691, 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0715, 0721, 0729, 0789, 0828, 0817, 0834, 0854, 0892, 0906, 0838; 28: 0200 0917; 27: 0569, 0616; 28: 0156, Bondhe, Desire 0157, 0171, 0185; 28: 0523, 0772– 29: 0073 0798 Border wars investments in Congo 31: 0030; PRC–India 28: 0595 32: 0555 Brazzaville Conference military bases 2: 0662; 30: 0119 7: 0001 military missions to Congo 30: 0478 Breweries military personnel 2: 0705; 3: 0001; 36: 0850 4: 0001, 0898; 5: 0001; 29: 0341 Bridges military training 28: 0222, 0357, 0432, 36: 0640 0487, 0491, 0595; 29: 0001, 0089 Broadcasting naval training 28: 0222 see Radio; broadcasting news-gathering agencies 38: 0444 see Television see also Colonists, European Brussels Round Table Conference Beverages (Brussels RTC) 28: 0914; 36: 0850 1: 0001, 0168, 0437, 0683, 0852; Bikouma, Germain 2: 0001, 0033, 0674, 0679; 29: 0032 29: 0001–0015, 0118; 30: 0533– Bilateral scholarship program 0797 28: 0798, 0869, 0918 Building materials Bintou, Raphael 36: 0873 29: 0095 Bulbs Bisukiro, Marcel see Flowers; bulbs 29: 0073 Bunche, Ralph Bizala, Cleophas 2: 0033, 0224, 0275, 0367, 0692, 29: 0051 0705; 3: 0001; 4: 0001; 6: 0238; Bo-Boliko, Andre 11: 0509; 15: 0001; 16: 0001; 29: 0095 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; Bolikango, Jean 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 29: 0022, 0051 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; Bolya, Paul 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 29: 0051, 0073 24: 0001; 26: 0683, 0783, 0817, Bomboko, Justin 0834, 0854 biographical data 29: 0051, 0073 Burundi general 2: 0001; 3: 0001; 5: 0001, foreign relations with Congo 40: 0138 0692; 6: 0001, 0238, 0760; 7: 0001, see also Ruanda-Urundi

80 Cabinet; ministry Chief executive Belgian Congo 2: 0508 2: 0499; 27: 0391–0474 Katanga 27: 0648, 0678, 0682, 0838, see also Conference of Provincial 0891 Presidents Republic of Congo 27: 0569–0928 see also Executive branch Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) China, People’s Republic of (PRC) 27: 0569, 0721, 0875 border wars with India 28: 0595 Cacao economic relations with Congo 35: 0802 32: 0411 Cameroon foreign relations with Congo 40: 0189 28: 0772 China, Republic of (ROC) Canada economic relations with Congo general 10: 0082; 26: 0754; 29: 0547 32: 0411 intelligence activities 29: 0136 foreign relations with Congo 40: 0004 Lumumba, Patrice, visit to 27: 0393 general 2: 0309, 0367 military forces, UN 28: 0398 Citizenship teachers 29: 0460 passports 27: 0376 Capital Citrus fruits investments 1: 0168, 0437; 3: 0001; 35: 0811 30: 0895; 31: 0001–0030; 32: 0452– Civic action teams 0645 28: 0222 Carlucci, Frank Civil service expulsion from Congo 11: 0857; general 27: 0957 12: 0001; 26: 0796 salaries; retirement 2: 0540 Cease-fire negotiations, UN in Katanga Civil unrest 14: 0358; 15: 0895; 27: 0882 4: 0001 Cement see also Katanga 36: 0623 see also Racial disturbances; riots; Central African Republic violence economic treaties and agreements with Clemens, Rene Congo 40: 0096 29: 0118 foreign aid, U.S. 28: 0798 Cleveland, Harlan foreign relations with Congo 40: 0094– 28: 0595 0096 Cobalt Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) embargo 27: 0519 28: 0896 Cocoa see also Intelligence activities 35: 0802 Cereals Coffee 36: 0846 35: 0789 Ceremonial communications Colonists, European 37: 0345 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, 0367, see also Commemorative customs 0674–0705: 3: 0001; 4: 0001–0898; Chad 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; foreign aid, U.S. 28: 0798 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; foreign relations with Congo 40: 0092 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– general 1: 0168 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– Chemicals 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– medicines and pharmaceuticals 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605; 31: 0417; 36: 0975 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898;

81 Colonists, European cont. Youlou, Fulbert 27: 0434, 0435, 0441, 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; 0459, 0474, 0488, 0489, 0569, 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; 0721; 29: 0032 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; Congolese National Army (CNA) 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; command and control 28: 0185, 0191, 30: 0533–0797; 32: 0144 0194 see also CONAKAT general 5: 0001, 0692; 6: 0001, 0238, see also Immigration; emigration 0760; 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; Commemorative customs 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, 37: 0128 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; see also Ceremonial communications 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; Commerce, Department of, U.S. 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 28: 0896 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, Commodities 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; agreement 40: 0706–0901 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, Communications 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 28: 0152; 31: 0477; 36: 0916; 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 38: 0190–0208, 0242, 0261–0270, 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 0287–0446 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; Communications treaties 28: 0171; 29: 0153, 0192, 0217, 40: 0983 0618–0625; 32: 0001, 0027 Communism interservice conflicts 28: 0200 2: 0304; 26: 0926 reorganization 28: 0200, 0213, 0222, CONAKAT 0500–509, 0523–0687; 29: 0618– general 2: 0367; 27: 0648 0625 intelligence activities 29: 0068, 0118 training 28: 0222, 0240, 0252, 0262, Conference of Provincial Presidents 0299, 0357, 0385, 0398, 0487, 27: 0512 0491, 0503–0509, 0595–0687; Conference on Africa 29: 0001 American Negro Leadership 40: 0660 see also Force Publique Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville) Congo Polytechnic Institute aircraft purchases 29: 0559 28: 0891 cabinet; ministry 27: 0569, 0721, 0875 Congo Tripartite Talks economic relations with France UK–U.S.–Belgium 21: 0001 32: 0402 Constitution evacuation of U.S. citizens 2: 0705; federal 27: 0882 27: 0558 general 2: 0489; 27: 0147–0363 foreign aid, U.S. 28: 0798 Cooperative systems foreign relations with Congo 40: 0098 31: 0032; 32: 0646 general 27: 0569; 29: 0032, 0518, Copper 0917 embargo 27: 0519 independence ceremonies 40: 0322 general 36: 0364 intelligence activities in 29: 0032, 0129 Coquilhatville Conference Kouilou River hydroelectric power general 12: 0299; 29: 0118 project 27: 0721; 28: 0889 Tshombe, Moise 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; military equipment and supplies 12: 0001; 26: 0772, 0783, 0796 29: 0559 Corn radio communication 38: 0351 35: 0781 Tshizand, Salomon 27: 0682; 29: 0063 water transportation 39: 544

82 Corporations Development grants 31: 0035; 32: 0648 AID 28: 0938 see also Union Minière see also Economic aid Corruption Diamonds 27: 0715, 0904 31: 0380; 36: 0294 Cost of living Dilomba, Charles Mutaka Wa 32: 0437 29: 0051 see also Economic matters Diori, Hamani Cotton general 27: 0463 35: 0784; 36: 0934 views on Council of the Entente Council of the Entente 27: 0512 Diori, Hamani, views of 27: 0512 Disasters Coup d’état attempts 28: 0153, 0772; 31: 0483; 37: 0359– Kasavubu, Joseph 5: 0001 1018; 38: 0001–0044 Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré 5: 0001 Districts Courts see States and districts general 28: 0107 Domestic animals international 2: 0571 35: 0820 practice of law 28: 0115 Earth sciences procurement of evidence from United 38: 0238; 39: 0613–0622 States 2: 0567 Economic aid see also Government, Republic of AID development grants 28: 0938 Congo Bas-Congo 28: 0911 Crime Belgian 28: 0869, 0877 38: 0122–0125 Brazzaville 28: 0798 Customs financial 1: 0437, 0683, 0852; 2: 0689; social matters 37: 0126–0128 5: 0001; 35: 0834–1013; 31: 0489– Czechoslovakia 0934; 32: 0001–0304; 36: 0001– general 29: 0093, 0473, 0495; 0260, 0432–0621, 0737–0826 38: 0519 technical assistance 30: 0837 Dairying U.S. 6: 0001, 0760; 7: 0001; 26: 0693; 35: 0820 28: 0523–0595, 0772–0889, 0896– Dams 0945; 29: 0501, 0511, 0515, 0559, 27: 0721; 28: 0889 0642, 0665, 0682; 30: 0348; Dayal, Rajeshwar 32: 0144, 0257–0304; 40: 0706– 10: 0082; 26: 0754; 28: 0185 0906 Delvaux, Albert Economic matters 29: 0051 advisers 30: 0829; 32: 0323 Demobilization capital 1: 0168, 0437; 3: 0001; 32: 0304 30: 0895; 31: 0001–0030; 32: 0452– Demography 0645 see People cooperative systems 31: 0032; see Population 32: 0646 Deportations corporations 1: 0168; 27: 0512; 1: 0001 29: 0118; 31: 0035; 32: 0144, 0648; Dericoyard, Jean-Pierre 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001–0260 29: 0051 cost of living 32: 0437 Desertion food conditions 28: 0772, 0914, 0918; 29: 0446 32: 0439; 36: 0844–0852

83 Economic matters cont. Eisenhower, Dwight D. fuel conditions 31: 0410; 32: 0448; correspondence with Joseph Kasavubu 36: 0943 27: 0399 general 30: 0503–0827; 31: 0489– Mutual Security Act 28: 0798, 0869, 0934; 32: 0001–0304 0889, 0945 labor 27: 0375; 31: 0038–0040; Elections 32: 0665–1043; 33: 0001–0646; 1: 0001, 0168, 0437, 0852; 2: 0001, 38: 0260 0033, 0367; 3: 0001; 30: 0756 pensions; old age 33: 0681 Electricity retail trade 31: 0036; 32: 0662 hydroelectric power 27: 0721; 28: 0889 stabilization 28: 0911 Electronics technical assistance 30: 0837 39: 0623 ten-year plan 30: 0884 Eleo, Ambroise see also Economic aid 29: 0073 see also Financial matters Elisabethville Economic relations, Belgian Congo expositions; exhibitions 35: 0718 general 30: 0886 Lumumba, Patrice 7: 0518 with Israel 30: 0893 Embargoes Economic relations, Congo Katangan copper and cobalt 27: 0519 with Central African Republic 40: 0096 Emigration with China 32: 0411 see Immigration; emigration general 32: 0342 Employment with Japan 32: 0416 32: 0718, 0841 with Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation see also Unemployment 32: 0401 see also Wages and salaries with Tanganyika 40: 0160 Engineering with United Arab Republic 32: 0409 31: 0392–0395; 36: 0638–0826 with United States 40: 0244–0280, English-language classes 0673–0949 USIS 29: 0032 with USSR 32: 0404 Enlistment Economic relations, Congo (Brazzaville) 29: 0446 with France 32: 0402 Ethiopia Economy radio commuication 38: 0352 plantation 32: 0257 telegraph 38: 0298 see also Cost of living troop movements 29: 0399 see also Wages and salaries Ethnic violence Education see Racial disturbances; riots; violence bilateral scholarship program 28: 0798, Etiquette 0869, 0918 31: 0477; 37: 0344–0345 English language classes 29: 0032 Europe general 31: 0450; 37: 0158 capital investments 32: 0551 military 29: 0460–0461 troop movements 29: 0336 schools 37: 0245 see also Belgium technical 28: 0891; 37: 0308 see also Colonists, European universities 31: 0457; 37: 0257, 0307 see also Czechoslovakia Egypt see also France 29: 0473–0483, 0501 see also Germany, Federal Republic of see also United Arab Republic see also Greece see also Italy see also NATO

84 see also Poland general 31: 0066–0336; 32: 0111; see also Portugal 33: 0690–1019; 34: 0001–0668 see also United Kingdom immigration; emigration 35: 0579–0663 see also Yugoslavia industrial matters 35: 0664–0718 Europe, Eastern intellectual, technical, and industrial foreign relations with Congo 40: 0001 property 35: 0578 see also Czechoslovakia lands 31: 0346 see also Poland monetary system 31: 0337; 34: 0903– see also Yugoslavia 0998; 35: 0001–0400 Evacuations taxation 1: 0001; 34: 0730–0842; of U.S. citizens 2: 0705; 27: 0558 38: 0286; 40: 0249, 0944 see also Refugees treasury crisis 6: 0001 Exchanges see also Development grants 35: 0576 see also Economic matters Executive branch see also International Monetary Fund cabinet; ministry 2: 0508; 27: 0569– see also Monetary policy 0928 Financial treaties and agreements cabinet; ministry—Congo (Brazzaville) 40: 0249, 0906–0944 27: 0569, 0721, 0875 Fine arts chief executive 2: 0499; 27: 0391– 37: 0314–0316 0522; 40: 0426 Fisheries civil service; salaries; retirement 35: 0833 2: 0540; 27: 0957 Flag general 27: 0382 27: 0372 governors of states and districts Floods 2: 0507; 27: 0512, 0528 39: 0522 vice president 27: 0567 Flour Exports 36: 0846 31: 0489–0934; 32: 0001–0304; Flowers; bulbs 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001–0260 35: 0812 see also Imports Foods Expositions; exhibitions 28: 0772, 0914, 0918; 36: 0844–0852 Accra, Ghana 35: 0713 Force Publique Elizabethville 31: 0359; 35: 0718 general 4: 0898; 5: 0001; 28: 0177; Expulsion 29: 0015 of Carlucci, Frank, from Congo leaders 4: 0001 11: 0857; 12: 0001; 26: 0796 mutiny 2: 0224, 0705; 3: 0001; Fibers 28: 0171 cotton 35: 0784 see also Congolese National Army see also Textile industry Foreign aid, U.S. Financial assistance, U.S. relief 6: 0001, 0760; 7: 0001; 26: 0693; 1: 0437, 0683, 0852; 2: 0689; 5: 0001; 28: 0523–0595, 0772–0889, 0896– 6: 0001, 0760; 7: 0001; 26: 0693; 0945; 29: 0501, 0511, 0515, 0559, 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001–0260, 0642, 0665, 0682; 30: 0348; 0432–0621, 0737–0826 40: 0706–0906 Financial matters UN 28: 0523, 0595, 0772–0945; advisers 34: 0687 29: 0501, 0511, 0515, 0559, 0642– banks and banking 31: 0344; 0665; 30: 0348; 32: 0144, 0257– 35: 0401–0575 0304 exchanges 35: 0576 see also Mutual Security Program

85 Foreign exchange Fruits 35: 0400 35: 0811 Foreign relations, Belgian Congo Fuels with Europe, Eastern 40: 0001 31: 0410; 36: 0943 with ROC 40: 0004 Gabon with U.S. 40: 0223–0285 foreign relations with Congo 40: 0123 Foreign relations, Congo U.S. aid to 28: 0798 with Burundi 40: 0138 Game laws with Central African Republic wild animals 31: 0369; 35: 0824 40: 0094–0096 Gbenye, Christophe with Chad 40: 0092 29: 0073 with Congo (Brazzaville) 40: 0098 Gendarmerie with Gabon 40: 0123 29: 0083 general 40: 0009 see also Force Publique with Indonesia 40: 0219 Geneva, Switzerland with Israel 40: 0166 Tshombe-Rusk meeting 27: 0491 with Korea, Republic of 40: 0218 Germany, Federal Republic of with Liberia 40: 0152 general 29: 0759 with Libya 40: 0146 Youlou, Fulbert, visit to 27: 0474 with Morocco 40: 0141 Ghana with Nigeria 40: 0126 expositions; exhibitions—Accra with PRC 40: 0189 35: 0713 with Senegal 40: 0125 general 1: 0852; 3: 0001; 4: 0001; with South Africa 40: 0136 5: 0001, 0692; 6: 0001, 0238, 0760; with Tanganyika 40: 0159–0160 7: 0001; 26: 0683, 0693; 28: 0157; with Tunisia 40: 0145 29: 0516; 40: 0345 with UN 11: 0001, 0857 military missions to Congo 30: 0464, with United Arab Republic 40: 0172, 0470 0369 military training 29: 0461 with United States 2: 0265, 0307– troop movements 29: 0340 0482, 0705; 40: 0299–0994 Gizenga, Antoine Foreign relations, U.S. biographical data 29: 0073 with Belgian Congo 40: 0223–0285 general 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; with Congo 2: 0265, 0307–0482, 0705; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, 40: 0299–0994 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; Fortemps, Henry 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; 29: 0118 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, France 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001; attitude towards, in Congo 2: 0274 26: 0717, 0742, 0754, 0772, 0783, economic relations with Congo 0796; 27: 0587, 0691, 0704, 0727; (Brazzaville) 32: 0402 28: 0240, 0282, 0299, 0509, 0595; emigration to 35: 0662 29: 0483, 0516, 0553 general 1: 0437, 0852; 2: 0033, 0705; Tshombe, Moise, meeting 27: 0474 28: 0191; 29: 0518, 0532, 0559, Government, Belgian Congo 0868 constitution 2: 0489 military mission to Congo 30: 0473 executive branch 2: 0499–0540 news-gathering agencies 38: 0441 general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275 visit by Katangan official 27: 0891 judicial branch 2: 0544, 0566, 0567 Frankiel, Joachim legislative branch 2: 0542 29: 0118

86 recognition 2: 0307–0482 judicial branch 28: 0107, 0115, 0124, territory 2: 0485 0125, 0126 Government, Belgium legislative branch 11: 0509, 0857; 27: 0569 12: 0001; 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, Government, Congo (Brazzaville) 0358; 15: 0001; 19: 0394; 20: 0001, executive branch 27: 0569, 0721, 0875 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; general 27: 0569; 29: 0032, 0518, 22: 0001; 24: 0001; 25: 0001, 0196, 0917 0491; 26: 0001, 0783, 0796, 0817, independence ceremonies 40: 0322 0906, 0917; 27: 0684, 0691, 0721, Youlou, Fulbert 27: 0434, 0435, 0441, 0828, 0838, 0891, 0904, 0928, 0459, 0474, 0488, 0489, 0569, 0976; 28: 0001 0721; 29: 0032 Lumumba, Patrice 6: 0760; 7: 0001; Government, Katanga 26: 0693; 27: 0394, 0587, 0616, executive branch 27: 0648, 0678, 0682 0636 peace negotiations 12: 0001, 16: 0001; peace negotiations 12: 0001; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854: 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, 0834, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, 0834, 0854, 0874, 0892, 0906, 0917; 0854, 0874, 0892, 0906, 0917; 27: 0474, 0781, 0789, 0904; 27: 0781, 0789, 0904, 0928; 28: 0687; 29: 0118, 0868 28: 0687; 29: 0118, 0868; 32: 0304 recognition 2: 0367 protection of interest of U.S. nationals Government, Republic of Congo 27: 0558 advisers 27: 0106 territory 27: 0127, 0145 Conference of Provincial Presidents see also Political affairs 27: 0512 see also Political parties constitution 27: 0147–0363, 0882 Grains and grain products corruption 27: 0715 35: 0775–0782; 36: 0846 coup d’état attempts 5: 0001 Great Britain executive branch 27: 0382, 0391– see United Kingdom 0474, 0512, 0528, 0567, 0569– Greece 0928, 0957; 40: 0426 air transportation between Congo and general 2: 0674–0705: 3: 0001; 39: 0356 4: 0001–0898; 5: 0001–0692; general 29: 0473 6: 0001–0760; 7: 0001–0518; investments in Congo 32: 0645 8: 0001–0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001– Guinea 0082; 11: 0001–0857; 12: 0001– general 1: 0852; 3: 0001; 4: 0001; 0299; 13: 0001–0429; 14: 0001– 5: 0001, 0692; 6: 0238; 26: 0683 0358; 15: 0001–0895; 16: 0001; Lumumba, Patrice—visit to 27: 0587 17: 0001–0605; 18: 0001–0520; political agents 32: 0438 19: 0001–0394; 20: 0001–0744; Hammarskjöld, Dag 21: 0001–0898; 22: 0001–0669; 2: 0705; 3: 0001; 4: 0001, 0898; 23: 0001–0854; 24: 0001–0678; 5: 0001; 6: 0238; 26: 0683; 25: 0001–0491; 26: 0001, 0683– 27: 0423, 0616; 28: 0185 0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001–0104, Harbors 0882 39: 0537

87 Harriman, William Averell Independence ceremonies 5: 0001 delegations to 2: 0307–0482 Health general 2: 0689, 0692, 0705 31: 0483; 38: 0098–0186 Independence movement Heavy machinery Brussels RTC 2: 0674, 0679; 36: 0869 29: 0001–0015, 0118; 30: 0533– High schools 0797 37: 0245 general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, Highways; roads 0307–0482 36: 0640 India History border war with PRC 28: 0595 37: 0128 general 4: 0001 Hospitals troop movements 29: 0404 38: 0185 Indonesia Household, office, and school foreign relations with Congo 40: 0219 furnishings troop movements 29: 0405 36: 0918–0922 Industrial matters Houser, George M. atomic energy for peaceful purposes 40: 0345 31: 0349; 35: 0696 Hydroelectric power expositions; exhibitions 31: 0359; 27: 0721; 28: 0889 35: 0713–0718 Ileo, Joseph general 31: 0348; 35: 0664 biographical data 29: 0051, 0073 iron and steel 36: 0864–0916 general 2: 0033; 8: 0236; 9: 0001; UN assistance 36: 0432–0621 10: 0001; 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; see also Manufacturers; manufacturing 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; INFORCONGO 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; 29: 0015 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, Institutional homes; orphanages 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 38: 0186 0158; 21: 0898; 26: 0742, 0754, Intelligence activities 0772, 0783, 0796, 0817, 0834, biographical data 2: 0627; 29: 0001– 0854, 0874, 0892, 0906, 0917; 0129 27: 0616, 0684, 0704; 29: 0677, Canada in Congo 29: 0136 0702 CIA 28: 0896 Ilunga, Alphonse general 28: 0955 29: 0051, 0073 United States in Congo 29: 0135 Immigration; emigration USSR in Congo 29: 0138 from Belgium to Congo 35: 0663 Interior Affairs, Minister for from Congo to France 35: 0662 Katanga 27: 0648 foreign visas 35: 0585 International Cooperation Administration general 35: 0579 28: 0772, 0869, 0891, 0896–0911, see also Colonists, European 0918 Imports see also Agency for International licenses; licensing 27: 0704, 0715, Development, U.S. 0904; 39: 0284 International courts statistics 30: 0503–0827; 31: 0489– 2: 0571 0934; 32: 0001–0304 International Monetary Fund (IMF) taxation 36: 0432–0621 27: 0729, 0828 Income tax 27: 0556; 34: 0842; 38: 0286

88 Investments Kama, Sylvain Belgium 31: 0030; 32: 0555 29: 0073 Europe 32: 0551 Kamangi, Gregoire foreign 1: 0437; 3: 0001; 32: 0342 29: 0073 Greece 32: 0645 Kambale, Alphonse Sweden 32: 0643 29: 0073 Switzerland 32: 0554 Kamitatu, Cleophas United States 1: 0168; 30: 0895; 23: 0001; 24: 0001; 27: 0781, 0810, 31: 0001–0028; 32: 0456 0828, 0838; 28: 0299, 0523, 0687 Iran Kaninda, Daniel general 29: 0665, 0868 29: 0001 troop movements 29: 0402 Kanza, Daniel Iron 1: 0168, 0683; 4: 0001; 5: 0001 manufacturing 36: 0864–0916 Kapongo, Sebastien Israel 29: 0073 economic relations with Belgian Congo Karangi, Alois 30: 0893 29: 0051 foreign relations with Congo 40: 0166 Kasai, Mining State of general 28: 0523; 29: 0506, 0637 CNA–Katanga conflict in 14: 0358; Italy 15: 0001 death of Italian UN soldiers 15: 0001 general 4: 0898; 27: 0727; 28: 0185, general 29: 0518, 0532, 0559, 0642 0240, 0299, 0357, 0896; 29: 0192, military missions to Congo 30: 0498 0677 training of Congolese Air Force Kasai, South 28: 0514, 0523, 0687 5: 0001, 0692; 6: 0760; 7: 0001, 0518; Japan 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, economic relations with Congo 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; 32: 0416 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; Jordan 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; air transportation 39: 0383, 0413–0489 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, Judicial branch 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, courts 28: 0107, 0115 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; general 28: 0102 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; jurisdiction 28: 0124, 0125 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, laws; statutes 28: 0126 0491; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961– Julian, Hubert Fauntleroy “The Black 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363, Eagle” 0684; 28: 0869–0877; 29: 0095 29: 0559–0608, 0623 Kasavubu, Joseph Kabangi-Numbi, Ferdinand correspondence with 29: 0073 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 27: 0399 Kahanga, Alois Hammarskjöld, Dag 27: 0423 29: 0073 Kennedy, John F. 27: 0423, 0488, Kalonji, Albert 0489 4: 0898; 5: 0001; 6: 0238; 7: 0001, coup d’état attempt 5: 0001 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, 0674–0705: 3: 0001; 4: 0001–0898; 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001; 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; 26: 0683, 0717, 0742, 0754, 0772, 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; 0783, 0796; 29: 0139 see also MNC Kalonji

89 Kasavubu, Joseph cont. 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; general cont. 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363, 0569, 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– 0684, 0729; 28: 0157, 0171, 0185, 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605; 0240, 0252, 0299, 0357, 0385, 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; 0398, 0491, 0523, 0595; 29: 0063– 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898; 0068, 0109, 0139–0233, 0506, 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; 0515, 0518, 0532–0608, 0623, 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; 0637, 0674–1018; 30: 0001–0068, 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 0348, 0797; 31: 0489–0934; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363, 0391, 32: 0001–0304; 33: 0690–1019; 0392, 0432, 0435, 0438, 0458, 34: 0001–0668; 35: 0095–0395, 0512, 0519, 0522, 0616, 0646, 0401–0562, 0834–1013; 36: 0001– 0684, 0691, 0891, 0904; 29: 0675– 0260, 0432–0621, 0723–0826; 0677; 30: 0533–0797 40: 0299–0660, 0706–0901 government recognition 2: 0367 Gizenga-Tshombe meeting 27: 0474 Lumumba, Patrice 27: 0394, 0616 intelligence activities 29: 0036–0068, visit to Nigeria 27: 0441 0083, 0095–0109, 0118–0129 visit to UN General Assembly 27: 0402 mercenaries 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, Kasongo, Joseph 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; 13: 0001; 28: 0282 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, Kasongo, Julien 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 29: 0051 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; Kasongo, Maurice 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 29: 0082 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, Katanga 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; advisers, Belgian 28: 0200 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; agreement 12: 0001 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, aircraft purchases 39: 0142, 0182, 0491; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961– 0231 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; air force 28: 0282–0299, 0523; 28: 0196–0199, 0299, 0385, 0398; 29: 0129, 0214–0217 29: 0233, 0559–0608, 0675–1018; air transportation to 39: 0021, 0044 30: 0001–0068 cabinet; ministry 27: 0648, 0678, 0682, military maneuvers 29: 0139–0233 0838, 0891 military operations in, CNA 24: 0001, Elisabethville 7: 0518; 35: 0718 0678; 25: 0001; 26: 0874, 0892; embargo on copper and cobalt 28: 0595–0687; 29: 0153, 0192, 27: 0519 0217 Gendarmerie 29: 0083 military operations in, UN 13: 0429; general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0674–0705: 3: 0001; 4: 0001–0898; 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– 25: 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– 0834, 0854, 0906, 0917; 28: 0595– 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– 0687 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605; motor vehicle purchases 29: 0511– 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; 0515, 0553–0559, 0637 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898; official visit to France 27: 0891

90 peace negotiations 16: 0001; 17: 0001, Kisangani 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, see Stanleyville 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; Kisolokele, Charles 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 29: 0051, 0073 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, Kithima, Alphonse Roger 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 29: 0024, 0051 26: 0001, 0817, 0834, 0854, 0874, Kivu 0892, 0906, 0917; 27: 0781, 0789, 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0904; 29: 0118, 0868 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; recognition of 2: 0367 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; reconciliation with Congo government 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; 26: 0001, 0917; 28: 0687 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, reintegration of 27: 0928 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, relief measures 37: 0359–1018; 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 38: 0001–0044 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; Tshombe, Moise—visit to United 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, States 27: 0474 0491; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961– UN cease-fire in 14: 0358; 15: 0895; 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363, 27: 0882 0810; 28: 0213, 0398; 29: 0036, Union Minière in 27: 0512 0063, 0532, 0559 UN security 27: 0474 Kodia, John Marc Kennedy, John F. 29: 0093 correspondence with Korea, Republic of Adoula, Cyrille 27: 0519, 0729, foreign relations with Congo 40: 0218 0789, 0810 Kouilou River Kasavubu, Joseph 27: 0423, 0488, 27: 0721; 28: 0889 0489 Koumourico, Victor Tshombe, Moise 27: 0508 29: 0109 Youlou, Fulbert 27: 0441, 0721 Kueneman discussions with Harold Macmillan 29: 0129 2: 0265 Labor Mutual Security Act 28: 0914 Bata plant 1: 0437 Kenya general 31: 0038; 32: 0665–0977 military training 28: 0385 pensions 33: 0681 Kibwe, Jean Baptiste unemployment 4: 0001; 32: 0144 29: 0036, 0118 unions; strikes 1: 0437; 27: 0375; Kiela, Alphonse 31: 0040; 32: 1022–1043; 33: 0001– 29: 0068 0646; 38: 0261 Kihuyu, Etienne wages and salaries 32: 0979 29: 0073, 0177 Labor, Ministry of Kikhounga-N’Got, Simon Congo (Brazzaville) 27: 0721 29: 0032 Labor and Social Welfare, Ministry of Kimba, Evariste Katanga 27: 0678 29: 0118, 0177 Lagos Conference on African Unity Kimpiobi, Yvon 27: 0463 29: 0095 Landing fields Kimvay, Felicien see Airports; landing fields 29: 0051 Laws; statutes Kini, Sebastian air transportation 39: 0081 29: 0095 commercial 2: 0566

91 Laws; statutes cont. Lumumba, Patrice game 31: 0369; 35: 0824 arrest of 6: 0760; 7: 0001; 26: 0693; general 2: 0544, 0566 27: 0616 mining 36: 0291 biographical data 29: 0001, 0118 Lebanon death of 8: 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, air transportation between Congo and 0082; 15: 0001; 26: 0742, 0754; 39: 0382 27: 0433, 0648 Legislative branch dismissal of 27: 0394, 0616 general 2: 0542; 13: 0001, 0429; erosion of support for 27: 0636 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001; 19: 0394; general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0674–0705: 3: 0001; 4: 0001–0898; 0443, 0898; 22: 0001; 24: 0001; 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; 0817, 0917; 27: 0684, 0691, 0721, 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– 0828, 0838, 0891, 0904, 0928, 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– 0976; 28: 0001 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– planned convening of 11: 0509, 0857; 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605; 12: 0001; 26: 0783, 0796 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; prorogation 27: 0928 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898; reconvening 12: 0299 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; Lengema, Marcel 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; 29: 0073 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; Léopoldville 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363, 0392, labor strike—Bata plant 1: 0437 0569, 0646–0647; 28: 0177; U.S. embassy situation 2: 0705 29: 0001, 0118, 0473, 0675–0677; Liberia 30: 0656 foreign relations with Congo 40: 0152 government recognition 2: 0367 Libya imprisonment 8: 0001; 26: 0717; foreign relations with Congo 40: 0146 27: 0647; 40: 0345 general 2: 0224; 3: 0001 seizure of Ugandan airplane sent for Licensing Office wife of Patrice Lumumba 27: 0508 27: 0715 transfer to Elisabethville 7: 0518 Light machinery trial 40: 0345 36: 0871 visits to Lime Canada 27: 0393 36: 0633 Guinea 27: 0587 Linau, Marcel Morocco 27: 0587 29: 0051 Tunisia 27: 0587 Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr. United States 27: 0587; 28: 0772– 3: 0001; 4: 0001 0798 Lulua Lutula, Joseph Bonaventure conflict with Baluba 1: 0001, 0168, 29: 0073 0683, 0852; 2: 0001, 0033, 0705; Machinery 5: 0001, 0692 36: 0869–0871 Lumanza, Albert Macmillan, Harold 29: 0073 discussions with John F. Kennedy Lumber 2: 0265 36: 0940 Madagascar Tananarive Conference 10: 0082; 26: 0754; 29: 0118

92 Mahamba, Alexandre Meats 29: 0051, 0073 36: 0844 Makonga, Mwanaute Bonaventure Medical sciences 29: 0036 38: 0240 Malhonga-Allias, Jean Henri Medicine, practice of 29: 0112 38: 0173 Maneuvers, military see also Hospitals 29: 0139–0233 Medicines and pharmaceuticals Manners and customs 31: 0417; 36: 0975 37: 0126, 0128 Mercenaries Manufacturers; manufacturing arrests 13: 0001 aluminum 36: 0974 general 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; appliances 36: 0918 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, building and paving materials 36: 0873 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; chemicals 31: 0417; 36: 0975 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; communications equipment 36: 0916 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, foods 36: 0844–0852 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, fuels and petroleum products 31: 0410; 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 36: 0943 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, household, office, and school 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, furnishings 36: 0922 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; iron and steel 36: 0864 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; lumber 36: 0940 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; machinery 36: 0869–0871 28: 0196–0199, 0299, 0385, 0398; oils, fats, and greases 36: 0852, 0863 29: 0233, 0559–0608, 0675–1018; photography apparatus and supplies 30: 0001–0068 36: 0939 Metals rubber 36: 0862 base 31: 0381; 36: 0361–0422, 0974 strikes—Bata plant (Léopoldville) precious 36: 0292–0294 1: 0437 Meteorology textile industry 36: 0925–0934 38: 0238; 39: 0613 tobacco 36: 0853 Military assistance transportation equipment 36: 0876– Belgian 28: 0869–0877 0915 general 2: 0275 Masikita, Pierre UN plans for CNA 28: 0222, 0385; 29: 0073 29: 0618 Massa, Jacques Military bases 29: 0051 in Angola 30: 0113 Matadi, Battle of Belgium 2: 0662; 30: 0119 10: 0082; 26: 0754 general 30: 0071 Matiti, Justin UN 30: 0102 29: 0073 U.S. 30: 0110 Mavungu, Alberto Military equipment and supplies 29: 0112 armaments 29: 0670–0674 May Day bases 2: 0662; 30: 0071–0119 political affairs 26: 0679 general 2: 0660; 29: 0464–0665 Mbila, Etienne Military forces, Belgium 29: 0032 general 2: 0705; 3: 0001; 4: 0001, Mbwakiem, Vincent 0898; 5: 0001; 29: 0341 29: 0051

93 Military forces, Congo 29: 0233, 0559–0608, 0675–1018; CNA 5: 0001, 0692; 6: 0001, 0238, 30: 0001–0068 0760; 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; see also Air Force 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, see also National defense affairs 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; Military forces, UN 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0358; 15: 0001, demobilization plans 32: 0304 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; general 2: 0674–0705; 3: 0001; 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 4: 0001–0898; 5: 0001–0692; 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 6: 0001–0760; 7: 0001–0518; 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0669; 8: 0001–0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001– 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 0678; 0082; 11: 0001–0857; 12: 0001– 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001–0429; 14: 0001– 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001– 0358; 15: 0001–0895; 16: 0001; 0104, 0147–0363; 28: 0171–0191, 17: 0001–0605; 18: 0001–0520; 0200–0509, 0523–0687; 29: 0153, 19: 0001–0394; 20: 0001–0744; 0192, 0217, 0618–0625 21: 0001–0898; 22: 0001–0669; demobilization plans 32: 0304 23: 0001–0854; 24: 0001–0678; Force Publique 2: 0224, 0705; 3: 0001; 25: 0001–0491; 26: 0001, 0683– 4: 0001, 0898; 5: 0001; 28: 0171; 0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001–0104, 29: 0015 0147–0363, 0587, 0647, 0684, private militias 1: 0683 0690, 0729, 0781, 0838; 28: 0157, territory occupied by foreign military 0171, 0191, 0222, 0282, 0299, forces 27: 0145 0398, 0509, 0523, 0595, 0687, training 28: 0222, 0240, 0252, 0262, 0772; 29: 0118, 0139–0233, 0675– 0282, 0299, 0357, 0385, 0487, 1018; 30: 0001–0068 0491, 0503–0509, 0523–0687; Italian soldiers 15: 0001 29: 0001, 0089 see also National defense affairs troop movements 29: 0258–0405 Military maneuvers see also Air Force 29: 0139–0233 see also National defense affairs Military missions see also Navy, Congolese Belgium 30: 0478 Military forces, Katanga France 30: 0473 demobilization plans 32: 0304 general 30: 0196 Gendarmerie 29: 0083 Ghana 30: 0464, 0470 general 29: 0511–0515, 0553–0559, Italy 30: 0498 0637 Panama 30: 0461 mercenaries 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001, South Africa 30: 0469 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, 0082; UK 30: 0464 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; 12: 0001, UN 30: 0224, 0348 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, United States 2: 0667; 30: 0224–0451; 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 38: 0188 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; USSR 30: 0496 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, Military operations, Belgium 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; Battle of Matadi 10: 0082; 26: 0754 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; conflicts with Belgian troops 2: 0705 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, Military operations, Congo 0491; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961– Battle of Matadi 10: 0082; 26: 0754 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; cease-fire in Katanga 14: 0358; 28: 0196–0199, 0299, 0385, 0398; 15: 0895; 27: 0882

94 CNA offensive in Kasai 14: 0358; Mines; mining 15: 0001 advisers 36: 0289 conflicts with Belgian troops 2: 0705 base metals 31: 0381; 36: 0361–0422 Military operations, Katanga copper and cobalt—Katanga embargo cease-fire in Katanga 14: 0358; 27: 0519 15: 0895; 27: 0882 general 28: 0098–0099; 31: 0371; CNA offensive in 24: 0001, 0678; 0382; 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001– 25: 0001; 26: 0874, 0892; 28: 0595– 0260 0687; 29: 0153, 0192, 0217 laws 36: 0291 UN offensive in Katanga 13: 0429; lime and cement 36: 0633 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, precious metals and stones 31: 0380; 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 36: 0292–0294 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; see also Petroleum 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; Mining State of Kasai 25: 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, see Kasai, Mining State of 0834, 0854, 0874, 0892, 0906, Ministry 0917; 28: 0595–0687 cabinet; ministry—Congo 2: 0508; Military operations, UN 27: 0569–0928 cease-fire in Katanga 14: 0358; cabinet; ministry—Congo (Brazzaville) 15: 0895; 27: 0882 27: 0721, 0875 offensive in Katanga 13: 0429; cabinet; ministry—Katanga 27: 0648, 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0678, 0682, 0838, 0891 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, Missiles 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; see Rockets 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; MNC Congress 25: 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, general 2: 0367 0834, 0854, 0874, 0892, 0906, riots 1: 0001 0917; 28: 0595–0687 MNC Kalonji see also Cease-fire negotiations, UN 29: 0070 Military personnel Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré (Mobutu Sese enlistment 29: 0446 Seko) Military training, Belgium 5: 0001; 6: 0001, 0238, 0760; 7: 0001, Congo 28: 0222, 0357, 0432, 0487, 0518; 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; 0491, 0595; 29: 0001, 0089 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, Military training, Italy 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, Congo 28: 0514, 0523, 0687 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, Military training, UN 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; Congo 28: 0240, 0252, 0262, 0282, 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 0299, 0357, 0385, 0398, 0487, 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0491, 0503–0509, 0523–0687 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0669; Military training, United States 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 0678; Congo 29: 0001 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, Military treaties and agreements 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001– United States with Belgian Congo 0104, 0147–0363, 0458, 0616, 40: 0285 0646, 0684, 0715, 0838; 28: 0185, United States with Republic of Congo 0191, 0194, 0200, 0220, 0240, 40: 0976 0385, 0432, 0491, 0500, 0503, UN with Republic of Congo 11: 0001, 0509, 0523, 0595, 0687; 29: 0015, 0857; 26: 0772, 0783 0153, 0192, 0217, 0501, 0971

95 Monetary policy National defense affairs IMF 27: 0729, 0828 bases 2: 0662 Monetary Council 27: 0704 equipment and supplies 2: 0662; monetary system 31: 0337; 34: 0903– 29: 0464–1018; 30: 0001–0119 0998; 35: 0001–0400 general 2: 0595–0667; 28: 0156–0687 Mongali, Michel intelligence activities 2: 0627; 28: 0955; 29: 0073 29: 0001–0138 Mopipi, Francois maneuvers 29: 0139–0233 29: 0051 military missions to Congo 2: 0667; Morocco 30: 0196–0498; 38: 0188 equipment and supplies 29: 0473 Mutual Security Program 2: 0604; foreign relations with Congo 40: 0141 28: 0772–0945 Lumumba, Patrice, visit to 27: 0587 organization 2: 0649; 29: 0406–0461 Motion pictures stockpiling 30: 0501 37: 0317 subversive activities 29: 0001–0129 Motor vehicles troop movements 29: 0258–0405 automobiles 38: 0517 see also Congolese National Army manufacturers 36: 0882 see also Force Publique purchases—Katanga 29: 0511–0513, see also Military forces, Belgium 0553–0559, 0637 see also Military forces, Congo Muanza, Donatien see also Military forces, Katanga 29: 0001 see also Military forces, UN Muhona, Paul National police 27: 0678 38: 0098–0120 Muhunga, Ambroise NATO 29: 0073 North Atlantic Council meetings Muke, Norbert 3: 0001; 4: 0898; 6: 0760; 26: 0693 29: 0083, 0118 Navigation Mukwidi, Thomas 39: 0551–0557; 40: 0994 29: 0051 Navy, Congolese Mungamba, Ferdinand 28: 0222 29: 0073 News-gathering agencies Municipal police 38: 0208, 0413–0446 38: 0121 Newspapers Munongo, Godefroid public press 38: 0190, 0367 27: 0648; 29: 0118 world press editorial coverage 3: 0001; Mutiny 4: 0001; 5: 0001 Force Publique 2: 0224, 0705; 3: 0001; N.Gosa, Jean Marie 28: 0171 29: 0089 Mutual Security Program Ngulula, Joseph 2: 0604; 28: 0772–0945 29: 0073 see also Foreign aid, U.S. Nigeria see also Military treaties and air transportation to Congo 39: 0353 agreements foreign relations with Congo 40: 0126 Mwamba, Arthur Kasavubu, Joseph, visit to 27: 0441 29: 0073 Soviet influence 27: 0461 Nasser, Gamal Abdel telegraph communication with Congo 40: 0369 38: 0297 National anthem see also Lagos Conference on African 27: 0373 Unity

96 Niger Republic 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363; 27: 0729 28: 0213; 29: 0483, 0516, 0532 Nitze, Paul Orphanages 40: 0360 38: 0186 Nkayi, Pascal Painting 29: 0051 37: 0314 Nkrumah, Kwame Panama general 1: 0852; 4: 0001; 5: 0001, military missions to Congo 30: 0461 0692; 7: 0001, 0518; 8: 0001; Pan American World Airways 26: 0717 38: 0531 plea for release of Patrice Lumumba Parks 27: 0647 36: 0723 North Atlantic Council Passports meetings 3: 0001; 4: 0898; 6: 0760; 27: 0376 26: 0693 Patents North Atlantic Treaty Organization 35: 0578 see NATO Paving materials Nsele, Jean 36: 0873 27: 0616 Peace Nuclear energy Congo-Katanga negotiations 16: 0001; see Atomic energy 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; Nyamasoko, Bernard 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0158, 29: 0024 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; O’Brien, Conor Cruise 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 12: 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; 14: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, 0834, Oils, fats, and greases 0854, 0874, 0892, 0906, 0917; 36: 0852, 0863 27: 0781, 0789, 0904; 29: 0118, Okamba, Faustin 0868; 32: 0304 27: 0721 Pensions Old-age pensions old-age 33: 0681 33: 0681 People Omankoy, Louis general 31: 0418; 36: 0987 29: 0095 manners and customs 37: 0126, 0128 Order race problems 31: 0426; 37: 0001 38: 0098–0186 religion 31: 0441; 37: 0038 Ordnance see also Population see Armaments; ordnance People’s Republic of China Orientale see China, People’s Republic of 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001, Petroleum 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; 28: 0099; 31: 0382, 0410; 36: 0432– 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, 0429; 0621, 0943 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; Pharmaceuticals 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 31: 0417; 36: 0975 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, Philanthropic organizations 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; 38: 0181–0186 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; Photography 24: 0001, 0678; 25: 0001, 0196, 36: 0939; 37: 0316 0491; 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961– Physical sciences 38: 0235

97 Pinzi, Arthur see also Government, Congo 29: 0073 (Brazzaville) Plantation economy see also Government, Katanga 32: 0257 see also Government, Republic of Poland Congo 29: 0464 Political parties Police biographical data 29: 0015, 0068, advisers 28: 0385; 38: 0120 0070, 0118 municipal 38: 0121 general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, national and state 38: 0098, 0120 0367, 0674–0705; 3: 0001; 4: 0001– see also Gendarmerie 0898; 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; Political affairs 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; agents 26: 0959; 26: 0952, 0954; 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– 32: 0438 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– citizenship 27: 0376 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– communism 2: 0304 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605; constitution 2: 0489; 27: 0147–0363 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; expulsion of Frank Carlucci from 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898; Congo 11: 0857; 12: 0001; 26: 0796 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; flag 27: 0372 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0571, 26: 0001; 27: 0648, 0684; 30: 0533– 0674–0705; 3: 0001; 4: 0001–0898; 0797 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; Population 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; statistics 31: 0418, 0426; 36: 0984, 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– 0987 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– Port facilities 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– 39: 0537 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605; Portugal 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; 2: 0001, 0033, 0224, 0692; 29: 0547, 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898; 0665, 0929 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; Postal matters 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; 38: 0261–0270 26: 0001 Precedence government 2: 0307–0485; 26: 0961– 37: 0344 1016; 27: 0001–0104, 0106, 0127, Precious metals and stones 0145, 0147–0363, 0372, 0373, 31: 0380; 36: 0292–0294 0376, 0382, 0391–0474, 0488– Press 0522, 0528, 0569–0928, 0957, news-gathering agencies 38: 0208, 0976; 28: 0001, 0102, 0107, 0115, 0413–0446 0124, 0125, 0126; 30: 0041 newspapers 38: 0190, 0367 instability 31: 0489–0934; 32: 0001– U.S. coverage 27: 0871 0304; 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001– world coverage 3: 0001; 4: 0001; 0260; 37: 0359–1018; 38: 0001– 5: 0001 0044 Prisons May Day 26: 0679 general 38: 0125 national anthem 27: 0373 imprisonment of Patrice Lumumba Weeka Reports 26: 0683–0917 8: 0001; 26: 0717; 40: 0345 see also Government, Belgian Congo Promontorio, Victor see also Government, Belgium 29: 0022

98 Protection of interests Refugees 27: 0558 Angolan 14: 0358; 38: 0001, 0021– Protests 0044 death of Patrice Lumumba 27: 0648 camps 21: 0001 tax 1: 0001 Rwandan 15: 0001 Public order, safety, and health see also Evacuations 31: 0488; 38: 0098–0186 Regulations Public works air transportation 38: 0081 27: 0721; 28: 0889; 31: 0392–0395; Relief measures 36: 0638–0826 general 28: 0153, 0772; 31: 0483; Rabies 37: 0359–1018; 38: 0001–0044 35: 0819 U.S. contribution 6: 0001, 0760; Racial disturbances; riots; violence 7: 0001; 26: 0693; 28: 0523–0595, general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, 0772–0889, 0896–0945; 29: 0501, 0674–0705; 3: 0001; 4: 0001–0898; 0511, 0515, 0559, 0642, 0665, 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; 0682; 30: 0348; 40: 0706–0906 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; see also Philanthropic organizations 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– Religion 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– 31: 0441; 37: 0038 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– Repatriation 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605; U.S. citizens 27: 0558 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; Republic of China 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898; see China, Republic of 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; Research and development 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; 39: 0563 26: 0001, 0693; 31: 0426; 37: 0001 Retail trade Italian UN soldiers 15: 0001 31: 0036; 32: 0662 Lumumba, Patrice 8: 0236; 9: 0001; Retirement 10: 0001, 0082; 15: 0001; 26: 0742, 2: 0540; 27: 0957 0754; 27: 0433, 0648 see also Pensions Radio; broadcasting Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation 28: 0152; 38: 0301–0352; 40: 0983 air transportation 39: 0131 Railroads economic relations with Congo 36: 0914; 38: 0189, 0473–0516 32: 0401 Rates general 1: 0437, 0683; 2: 0033; air transportation 39: 0097 17: 0001; 27: 0522; 28: 0385 postal communication 38: 0270 recognition 2: 0367 Recognition troop movements 29: 0337 Congo 2: 0307–0482 Rice Katanga 2: 0367 35: 0782 Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation Rifles 2: 0367 29: 0674 Reconciliation Riots Congo-Katanga 26: 0001, 0917; see Racial disturbances; riots; violence 28: 0687 Rivers Lulua-Baluba 13: 0001 Kouilou River 27: 0721; 28: 0889 Red Cross Roads 38: 0182 see Highways; roads Rockets 29: 0672

99 Royalists Sekou Toure, Ahmed Angolan African Royalist Movement 6: 0238; 26: 0683 27: 0428, 0503 Sendwe, Jason Ruanda-Urundi biographical data 29: 0073 1: 0168, 0852; 2: 0033, 0259, 0265; general 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; 3: 0001; 5: 0001 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; Rubber 19: 0001, 0394; 27: 0691, 0704, manufactures 36: 0862 0789, 0904; 29: 0139 stockpiling 30: 0501 Senegal Rudahindwa, Edmond foreign relations with Congo 40: 0125 29: 0073 Seven Seas Airlines Rusk, Dean 38: 0675 general 40: 0369, 0448 Siwa, Remy-Andre meeting with Moise Tshombe in 29: 0024, 0095 Geneva 27: 0491 Socialist Party of Belgium Rwanda 1: 0168 refugees 15: 0001 Social matters see also Ruanda-Urundi amusements; sports 31: 0475; Sabena 37: 0317 38: 0519, 0531, 0558, 0675 education 31: 0450–0457; 37: 0158– Safety 0308 31: 0483; 38: 0098–0186 etiquette 31: 0483; 37: 0344–0345 Salaries fine arts 37: 0314–0316 see Wages and salaries general 36: 0981 Samalenge, Lucas Matombo history 37: 0128 29: 0036 people 31: 0426–0441; 36: 0987; Scheyven, Louis 37: 0001–0126 27: 0616 population statistics 31: 0418; 36: 0984 Scholarship program relief measures 28: 0153; 31: 0483; bilateral 28: 0798, 0869, 0918 37: 0359–1018; 38: 0001–0044 Schools and academies societies 37: 0322 military organization 29: 0460–0461 Societies see also Education 37: 0322 Science Somaliland, Trust Territory of 38: 0235–0240; 39: 0563–0623 agents 26: 0959 Secession South Africa Kasai 4: 0898; 27: 0727; 28: 0185, air transportation 39: 0355 0240, 0299, 0357, 0896; 29: 0192, foreign relations with Congo 40: 0136 0677 general 2: 0692; 28: 0199; 29: 0929 Katanga 31: 0489–0934; 32: 0001– military missions to Congo 30: 0469 0304; 33: 0690–1019; 34: 0001– motor vehicles—purchases by Katanga 0668; 35: 0095–0395, 0401–0562, 29: 0553 0834–1013; 36: 0001–0260, 0432– Spandre, Mario 0621, 0737–0826; 37: 0359–1018; 29: 0118 38: 0001–0044; 40: 0299–0660, Sports 0706–0901 31: 0475; 37: 0317 Stanleyville (Kisangani) 7: 0001–0518; Stabilization 29: 0483, 0506, 0516, 0532, 0537 28: 0911 Seismology 39: 0622

100 Stanleyville (Kisangani) Taiwan air transportation to 39: 0413–0489 see China, Republic of general 8: 0001, 0236; 9: 0001; Tananarive Conference 10: 0001, 0082; 11: 0001, 0509, 10: 0082; 26: 0754; 28: 0200; 29: 0118 0857; 12: 0001, 0299; 13: 0001, Tanganyika 0429; 14: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001, economic treaties and agreements 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 40: 0160 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; foreign relations with Congo 40: 0159– 20: 0001, 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0160 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0669; news-gathering agencies 38: 0446 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 0678; Taxation 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, double 40: 0249, 0944 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001– export 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001–0260 0104, 0147–0363 general 34: 0730–0842; 38: 0286 secession movement 7: 0001, 0518; import 27: 0704; 36: 0422–0621 29: 0483, 0506, 0516, 0532, 0537 income 27: 0556; 34: 0842; 38: 0286 States and districts protests 1: 0001 Bas-Congo Association 28: 0911 Teachers Conference of Provincial Presidents 29: 0460–0461 27: 0512 Technical assistance governors of states and districts 30: 0837 2: 0507; 27: 0512, 0528 Technical education police 38: 0098–0120 37: 0308 Statistics Technicians import and export 31: 0489–0934; see Advisers; technicians 32: 0001–0304 Telegraph population 31: 0418, 0426; 36: 0984, 38: 0287–0298 0987 Telephone Steel 38: 0299 manufacturing 36: 0864–0916 Television Stockpiling 38: 0353; 40: 0983 30: 0501 Ten-year plan Strikes 30: 0884 Bata plant (Léopoldville) 1: 0437 Territory general 27: 0375; 31: 0040; 38: 0261 general 2: 0485; 27: 0127 Struelens, Michel occupied by foreign military forces 24: 0001 27: 0145 Subsistence Textile industry 29: 0451 cotton manufactures 36: 0934 Sudan general 36: 0925 10: 0082; 26: 0754; 29: 0506, 0537 see also Fibers Sugar Thailand 35: 0786, 0806 air transportation 39: 0142, 0182, 0231 Sweden Thant, U investments in Congo 32: 0643 2: 0275; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; Switzerland 18: 0001, 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; investments in Congo 32: 0554 21: 0443; 22: 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; Tshombe-Rusk meeting in Geneva 24: 0001; 26: 0834, 0854 27: 0491 Theaters 31: 0475

101 Tin Treaties; agreements 36: 0385 air navigation 40: 0994 Tobacco and tobacco manufactures communications 40: 0983 35: 0787; 36: 0853 economic 40: 0096, 0160, 0244–0280, Togo, Republic of 0673–0949 28: 0877 military 11: 0001, 0857; 26: 0772, Trade agreements 0783; 40: 0285, 0976 with Central African Republic 40: 0096 Trials Trade agreements, U.S. general 1: 0001 with Belgian Congo 40: 0248 Lumumba, Patrice 40: 0345 with Congo 40: 0706–0901 procurement of evidence from United Trade unions States 2: 0567 27: 0375; 31: 0040; 38: 0261 Tribal authorities Transportation, air Angola 27: 0428, 0491 accidents 39: 0100 Angolan African Royalist Movement American carriers to Congo 28: 0896 27: 0428, 0503 between Congo and general 1: 0001, 0168, 0437, 0852; Greece 39: 0356 2: 0033, 0367; 3: 0001; 4: 0898; Jordan 39: 0383 5: 0001, 0692; 6: 0760; 7: 0001, Lebanon 39: 0382 0518; 8: 0001; 13: 0429; 14: 0001, Nigeria 39: 0353 0358; 15: 0001, 0895; 16: 0001; Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 0520; 39: 0131 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, 0744; South Africa 39: 0355 21: 0443, 0898; 22: 0001, 0669; United Arab Republic 39: 0390– 23: 0001, 0854; 24: 0001, 0678; 0489 25: 0001, 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, United States 39: 0092 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001– general 38: 0452, 0518–0706; 0104, 0147–0363, 0928 39: 0001–0070 Tripartite Talks, Congo rates 39: 0097 UK–U.S.–Belgium 21: 0001 sale; purchase 39: 0132–0349, 0559 Troop movements see also Airports; landing fields see Military forces Transportation, general Tshishiku, Marcel 38: 0452 29: 0073 Transportation, land Tshizand, Salomon general 38: 0452–0458 27: 0682; 29: 0063 motor vehicles 38: 0517 Tshombe, Moise railroads 38: 0189, 0473–0516 arrest of 11: 0001, 0509, 0857; Transportation, water 12: 0001; 26: 0772, 0783, 0796 between Congo and Republic of Congo biographical data 29: 0051, 0118 (Brazzaville) 39: 0544 correspondence with John F. Kennedy documentation and inspection 27: 0508 39: 0550 general 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001–0275, general 38: 0452; 39: 0505 0367, 0674–0705; 3: 0001; 4: 0001– navigation 39: 0551–0557 0898; 5: 0001–0692; 6: 0001–0760; port facilities 39: 0537 7: 0001–0518; 8: 0001–0236; rivers 30: 0502; 39: 0522 9: 0001; 10: 0001–0082; 11: 0001– Treasury 0857; 12: 0001–0299; 13: 0001– crisis 6: 0001 0429; 14: 0001–0358; 15: 0001– see also Financial matters 0895; 16: 0001; 17: 0001–0605;

102 18: 0001–0520; 19: 0001–0394; 23: 0001–0854; 24: 0001–0678; 20: 0001–0744; 21: 0001–0898; 25: 0001–0491; 26: 0001, 0683– 22: 0001–0669; 23: 0001–0854; 0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001–0104, 24: 0001–0678; 25: 0001–0491; 0147–0363, 0433, 0438, 0441, 26: 0001, 0683–0917, 0961–1016; 0569, 0587, 0616, 0647, 0715, 27: 0001–0104, 0147–0363, 0418, 0727; 28: 0282, 0791; 29: 0082, 0428, 0438, 0459, 0463, 0474, 0112, 0129, 0473–0483, 0516, 0489, 0512, 0522, 0569, 0645, 0642, 0675–0677; 40: 0299–0660 0684, 0729, 0781, 0828, 0838, intelligence activities 29: 0138 0871, 0891, 0904; 28: 0157, 0222, military missions to Congo 30: 0496 0262, 0299, 0432, 0481, 0523, troop movements 29: 0389 0595, 0687; 29: 0051, 0139, 0177, United Arab Republic 0192, 0217; 30: 0797; 32: 0027, air transportation 39: 0390–0489 0144; 40: 0619 economic relations with Congo meetings with 32: 0409 Gizenga, Antoine 27: 0474 foreign relations with Congo 40: 0172, Rusk, Dean 27: 0491 0369 visit to United States 27: 0474 military equipment and supplies Tunisia 29: 0473–0483, 0501 foreign relations with Congo 40: 0145 troop movements 29: 0400 general 3: 0001 United Kingdom (UK) Lumumba, Patrice, visit to 27: 0587 Congo Tripartite Talks 21: 0001 troop movements 29: 0397 general 2: 0033, 0265, 0705 U Thant Kennedy-Macmillan discussions see Thant, U 2: 0265 Uganda military missions to Congo 30: 0464 general 2: 0265 motor vehicles—purchases by Katanga seizure of Ugandan airplane 27: 0508 29: 0511–0515, 0559, 0637 Unemployment United Nations (UN) 4: 0001; 32: 0144, 0718, 0841 agreement with Congo 11: 0001, 0857; Union Minière 26: 0772, 0783 1: 0168; 27: 0512; 29: 0118; 32: 0176, Canadian participation 28: 0398 0281; 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001– cease-fire in Katanga 14: 0358; 0260 15: 0895; 27: 0882 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Commission of Inquiry—death of (USSR) Lumumba 15: 0001 economic relations 32: 0404 conflict with 27: 0882 government recognition 2: 0309 and Congolese Air Force 28: 0514, influence in Nigeria 27: 0461 0523, 0687 influence of 1: 0001–0852; 2: 0001– and CNA 28: 0213, 0222, 0385, 0432; 0275, 0309, 0674–0705; 3: 0001; 29: 0618 4: 0001–0898; 5: 0001–0692; financial and economic assistance 6: 0001–0760; 7: 0001–0518; 31: 0489–0934; 32: 0001–0304; 8: 0001–0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001– 35: 0834–1013; 36: 0001–0260, 0082; 11: 0001–0857; 12: 0001– 0432–0621, 0737–0826 0299; 13: 0001–0429; 14: 0001– foreign relations with Congo 11: 0001, 0358; 15: 0001–0895; 16: 0001; 0857 17: 0001–0605; 18: 0001–0520; general 1: 0852; 2: 0033, 0224, 0256, 19: 0001–0394; 20: 0001–0744; 0265, 0274, 0275, 0692 21: 0001–0898; 22: 0001–0669; General Assembly 5: 0001; 27: 0402

103 United Nations (UN) cont. U.S. assistance to UN 29: 0501, 0511, Gizenga-Tshombe meeting security 0515, 0559, 0642–0665; 30: 0348; 27: 0474 32: 0144, 0257–0304 government recognition 2: 0309, 0367 see also Bunche, Ralph Kasavubu, Joseph, visit to 27: 0402 see also Hammarskjöld, Dag military bases 30: 0102 see also O’Brien, Conor Cruise military forces 2: 0674–0705; 3: 0001; see also Thant, U 4: 0001–0898; 5: 0001–0692; United States Information Service (USIS) 6: 0001–0760; 7: 0001–0518; 29: 0032 8: 0001–0236; 9: 0001; 10: 0001– Universities 0082; 11: 0001–0857; 12: 0001– 31: 0457; 37: 0257–0307 0299; 13: 0001–0429; 14: 0001– Upper Volta 0358; 15: 0001–0895; 16: 0001; railroads 38: 0516 17: 0001–0605; 18: 0001–0520; Uranium 19: 0001–0394; 20: 0001–0744; 36: 0404 21: 0001–0898; 22: 0001–0669; USAID 23: 0001–0854; 24: 0001–0678; see Agency for International 25: 0001–0491; 26: 0001, 0683– Development, U.S. 0917, 0961–1016; 27: 0001–0104, U.S. Delegation to the United Nations 0147–0363, 0587, 0647, 0684, (USUN) 0690, 0729, 0781, 0838; 28: 0157, financial contribution to Congo relief 0171, 0191, 0222, 0282, 0299, 6: 0001, 0760; 7: 0001; 26: 0693 0509, 0523, 0595, 0772; 28: 0157, general 29: 0082, 0501 0171, 0191, 0222, 0282, 0299, plan for Congo 8: 0236; 9: 0001; 0398, 0509, 0523, 0595, 0772; 10: 0001, 0082; 26: 0742, 0754 29: 0118, 0139–0233, 0258, 0675– USSR 1018; 30: 0001–0068 see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics military missions to Congo 30: 0224 Utilities military offensive in Katanga 13: 0429; 27: 0721; 28: 0889; 31: 0395; 16: 0001; 17: 0001, 0605; 18: 0001, 36: 0723–0826 0520; 19: 0001, 0394; 20: 0001, see also Telephone 0158, 0744; 21: 0001, 0443, 0898; Van Roey, Andre 22: 0001, 0669; 23: 0001, 0854; 29: 0118 25: 0196, 0491; 26: 0001, 0817, Vegetable products 0834, 0854, 0906, 0917; 28: 0595– 36: 0852–0863 0687 Veterinary medicine military training in Congo 28: 0240, 35: 0819 0252, 0262, 0282, 0299, 0357, Vice president 0385, 0398, 0487, 0491, 0503– 27: 0567 0509, 0523–0687 Violence Monetary Council 27: 0704 beating of U.S. Air Force airplane crew relief efforts 37: 0359–1018; 38: 0001– at airport 4: 0001 0044 killing and dismemberment of Italian report on Congo 40: 0322 UN soldiers 15: 0001 role in Congo 40: 0345–0369, 0417, Lulua-Baluba conflict 1: 0001, 0168, 0448–0552, 0619, 0660, 0714 0683, 0852; 2: 0001, 0033, 0705; Security Council 4: 0001; 5: 0001; 5: 0001, 0692 15: 0001 see also Racial disturbances; riots; troop movements 29: 0258 violence

104 Visas Youlou, Fulbert 35: 0585 correspondence with John F. Kennedy Wages and salaries 27: 0441, 0721 2: 0540; 27: 0957; 29: 0451; 32: 0979 general 27: 0459, 0488, 0489, 0569; Water transportation 29: 0032 see Transportation, water visits to Weeka Reports Germany, Federal Republic of 26: 0683–0917 27: 0474 Weregemere, Jean-Chrystostome United States 27: 0434, 0435 29: 0073 Youth groups Wheat political movements 7: 0518 35: 0775 riots 2: 0259 Wild animals Yugoslavia game laws 31: 0369; 35: 0824 5: 0001; 28: 0595 Wilkins, Roy Zola, Emile 40: 0660 29: 0073 Yav, Joseph 27: 0569; 29: 0118

105 Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, Internal Affairs and Foreign Affairs

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