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The Role of Guitarist and Musician, Mwenda Jean Bosco, in the Cultural Context of Katanga and the World

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The Role of Guitarist and Musician, Mwenda Jean Bosco, in the Cultural Context of Katanga and the World Masanga Njia – Crossroads The role of guitarist and musician, Mwenda Jean Bosco, in the cultural context of Katanga and the world Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr.phil.) am Fachbereich 2 Kulturwissenschaften und Ästhetische Kommunikation der Universität Hildesheim vorgelegt von Rosemarie Jughard aus Klein-Winternheim Klein-Winternheim, März 2012 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Bender Prof. Dr. Paul Drechsel Prof. Dr. Raimund Vogels Disputation: 18. Juni, 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I would like to express my gratitude to the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz and Professor Dr. Wolfgang Bender, who is now at the University of Hildesheim, for providing his expertise in ethnomusicology and the occasion to undertake this project. Furthermore my deep-felt gratitude goes out to the many individuals and institutions, who helped me with my research in the province of Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo. The list is long and it is impossible to name all of them. However some of these individuals stand out and have gone beyond their capacities to accommodate me with their knowledge, time and assistance: The late Didier Kabobo Mwenda, Bosco’s son, who provided me with important information, many documents and photos. While continuing his father’s musical legacy he suddenly died in June 2009, at the age of 35. He will be terribly missed by many of us. I am greatly indebted to the hospitality of Bosco’s son, Murphy, his wife and children; Bosco’s daughters, Fé-Fé and Cathy Mwenda, who all welcomed me to their homes and treated me with great respect and generous hospitality. Stéphane Mwenda, Bosco’s brother, with whom I spent many, countless hours of interviews. He gave me some valuable materials as well; photos, documents and two old tapes. The journalist, Norbert Mulundu Wibyala (aka Nono), who spent hours at Radio Zenith and Radio Panos, telling me about Bosco, his music and the important role he played in Katanga. Mr. Wibyala accompanied me to Bunkeya to take photos of Bosco’s gravesite. He also introduced me to different clubs to listen to local guitarists. Special thanks goes to the historian, Professor Dr. Lwamba Bilonda, his lovely wife and family. Mr. Lwamba and I met every Friday morning at his office at UniLu (University of Lubumbashi). Through him I learned a lot about Congolese customs, history and music. He and his wife welcomed me to their home in Likasi, where I was treated royally. Antoine Mukunga, a journalist from RTNC (Radio et télévision national du Congo) was most generous with his time and information, accompanying me to different newspapers and other establishments, to the Park Hotel in Lubumbashi, to UniLu and on the difficult journey to Tshinsenda. Not to forget the honorable M’siri, Mwami Godefroid Munongo, Jr. Masuka, and his brother, Eric Kazembe Munongo, who both made it possible for me to visit the Bunkeya cemetery, where Jean Bosco Mwenda was put to rest. I would like to give special thanks to Professor Dr. M’Bayo and his lovely family, who have been most generous in providing me with a vehicle and a driver. Their optimism, hospitality and generosity is beyond comprehension. The following people also deserve my appreciation: Giséle and Mamie Mwenda, Bosco’s daughters Kalasa Manyka Polycarpe, Bosco’s cousin Adelin Kashoba Mwenda M’siri, Bosco’s cousin Jacques Masengo, son of famous Edouard Masengo Mrs. Ilunga Kayembe and Mr. Kasongo Tshilolo, from the library of Gécamines Keke, a young Congolese, who drove me at times Kanuto Chenge, a Congolese artist Kananga Bipo, band leader from L’Orchestre du Park Hôtel, Lubumbashi, Katanga Mufwankolo Wa Lesa, actor from Spéctacle Populaire The late Mr. Ernest Linga Wazengo, from Spéctacle Populaire Patrick Mudekereza, from La Halle de L’Étoile Ghislain Gulda el Magambo bin Ali (aka Gulda), photographer from La Halle de L’Étoile Shimba Ngangole, Chéf de Bureau (Commune de Lubumbashi) John Wibyala, Norbert Wibyala’s brother, who accompanied me to several places Léonard Kadiata and Joe le Bass, two musicians from Bosco-Band Nguza Ndaye Kazaji, son of bandleader Nguza, in Tshinsenda Professor Dr. Muya from Musée National du Lubumbashi Professor Dr. Kalaba, historian from UniLu Thonthon Kabeya, artist, painter and installationist Father Mantuba, Congolese PHD student at the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany Father Pamphile, who took me to Mokambo in his jeep Father Simplice, who accompanied me to UniLu several times The sisters from the convent of Femmes Franciscaines de Marie The co-workers from the Théologicum in Lubumbashi My gratitude also goes out to the following people, who are not in Katanga: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Kubik, University of Vienna, Austria Prof. Dr. August Schmidhofer, University of Vienna, Austria John Low, MA, M. Phil., author and musician, now Programme Manager at Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, United Kingdom Andrew Tracey, son of Hugh Tracey, from International Library of African Music (ILAM), Grahamstown, South Africa Dominic Kakolobango, a Congolese/Zambian musician, who now lives in Brussels, Belgium I am very much indebted to the following people for their technical expertise and assistance.Without their help and patience this thesis would not have been possible. David Savage, my son in law Markus Wolff, my niece’s husband Joachim Schilling, a good friend of mine Thilo Schott, a student from the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany For my children: Scott Christopher Kim Table of Contents Foreword…... ..................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 5 1.0 Methods of research ..................................................................................... 9 1.1 The history of biographical research ...................................................... 9 1.2 Methods of author’s biographical research .......................................... 28 1.3 Encounters with the interviewees ........................................................ 37 1.4 The analysis ........................................................................................ 38 2.0 Province of Katanga, formerly Shaba, is now called Katanga again ....... 39 2.1 Political changes in the Congo; changes in the province of Katanga ... 39 2.2 Historical backgound of Elisabethville, now Lubumbashi ................... 43 2.3 The mining workers (salaried employment) (aka kazi) ......................... 49 2.4 Christianity, other cults and sects ........................................................ 49 2.5 Tourist sites in Katanga ....................................................................... 51 2.6 The M'siris (aka Mushedi), predecessors of Mwenda Jean Bosco (aka Mwenda wa Bayeke) ........................................................................ 52 2.6.1 The background and history of the M'siris ......................................... 52 2.6.2 M’siri’s wives ................................................................................... 55 2.6.3 The Bayeke Culture .......................................................................... 55 2.6.4 Different Social Classes of the Bayeke .............................................. 55 2.6.5 Religion ............................................................................................ 56 2.6.6 ANATC (Alliance of the Traditional Authorities of Congo) .............. 57 2.6.7 Bunkeya ............................................................................................ 57 3.0 Mwenda Jean Bosco (aka Mwenda wa Bayeke) a Bayeke descendent .... 62 3.1 Bosco's grand-parents and how they met, version by S. Mwenda ......... 62 3.2 Bosco's childhood and youth ............................................................... 63 3.2.1 Bosco’s mother, Giséle Kulanga ................................................ 63 3.2.2 Bosco’s education...................................................................... 75 3.2.3 Anecdotes .................................................................................. 75 3.2.4 Adolescence .............................................................................. 75 3.2.5 Adulthood ................................................................................. 78 3.2.6 Bosco’s wedding ....................................................................... 78 3.2.7 Le Pré-dot ................................................................................. 82 3.2.8 Bosco as entrepreneur ................................................................ 84 3.2.9 Bosco's wife, Stéphanie ............................................................. 93 3.3 Bosco's children .................................................................................. 94 3.3.1 Other family members ............................................................. 109 3.3.2 Bosco's youngest brother, Stéphane Mwenda ........................... 109 3.3.3 Kalasa, Manyka Polycarpe, Bosco’s cousin ............................. 110 3.3.4 Bosco's second cousin, Adelin Kashoba Mwenda M’siri .......... 111 3.3.5 Bosco's nephew, the present M’siri, Mwami Godefroid ........... 112 Munongo, Jr. Masuka 3.3.6 Eric Kazembe Munongo, M’siri’s brother and Bosco's nephew 113 3.3.7 Arthur Jano Bakasonda – his wife is Bosco’s distant cousin..... 116 3.3.8 Different people Bosco worked with or who knew him Marc-Jonathan Kiabuta Katonte..............................................
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