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NATO / Multinational Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance October 2015 JAPCC NATO / Multinational Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Unit A Feasibility Study Joint Air Power Competence Centre von-Seydlitz-Kaserne Römerstraße 140 | 47546 Kalkar (Germany) | www.japcc.org Joint Air Power NATO / Multinational Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Unit Surveillance and Reconnaissance Intelligence, Joint Multinational / NATO Competence Centre Cover picture © JAPCC © This work is copyrighted. No part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission. Inquiries should be made to: The Editor, Joint Air Power Competence Centre (JAPCC), [email protected] Disclaimer This publication is a product of the JAPCC. It does not represent the opinions or policies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and is designed to provide an independent overview, analysis, food for thought and recommendations regarding a possible way ahead on the subject. Authors Major André Haider, (DEU A), JAPCC Lieutenant Colonel Martin Menzel, (DEU A), JAPCC Commander William Perkins, (USA N), JAPCC Release This document is releasable to the Public. Portions of the document may be quoted without permission, provided a standard source credit is included. Published and distributed by The Joint Air Power Competence Centre von-Seydlitz-Kaserne Römerstraße 140 47546 Kalkar Germany Telephone: +49 (0) 2824 90 2201 Facsimile: +49 (0) 2824 90 2208 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.japcc.org Denotes images digitally manipulated FROM: The Executive Director of the Joint Air Power Competence Centre (JAPCC) Cover picture © JAPCC SUBJECT: NATO / Multinational Joint, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Unit DISTRIBUTION: All NATO Commands, Nations, Ministries of Defence and Relevant Organizations NATO military commanders and Alliance Leaders have consistently identified gaps in NATO’s Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) capability and capacity including the entailed Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination (PED) processes. Exercises such as Unified Vision have begun to address the challenge of passing target information from one ISR system to another for tactical exploitation, targeting and data fusion. www.japcc.org I The most recent NATO summit held in Wales on 4 - 5 September 2014 focused on NATO post-Afghanistan against the backdrop of instability in the Ukraine. Amongst other objectives, the Wales Summit Declaration stated that NATO and EU should cooperate closer to ensure that NATO’s Smart Defence and the EU's Pooling & Sharing initiatives are complementary, that sharing of costs and responsibilities should be better balanced between the United States and the European Nations, and that ISR should be enhanced +49 (0) 2824 90 2208 Fax I and reinforced whilst emphasizing multinational cooperation. In this spirit, this study provides an assessment of the challenges and benefits of creating a Joint ISR Unit, either as a multinational arrangement or as a NATO-procured and owned [email protected] capability. It determines if the creation of such a unit would be justifiable and feasible, and © This work is copyrighted. No part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission. Inquiries should be made to: E-Mail: how it would complement NATO’s existing and planned ISR capabilities such as the NATO Tel +49 (0) 2824 90 2201 +49 (0) 2824 90 2201 Tel I I The Editor, Joint Air Power Competence Centre (JAPCC), [email protected] Airborne Early Warning or the NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance force to meet the Wales Disclaimer Summit objectives and mitigate NATO’s ISR shortfall. The study concludes with draft This publication is a product of the JAPCC. It does not represent the opinions or policies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and is Allemagne structures for both types of ISR units, as well as pre-requisites and recommendations for / designed to provide an independent overview, analysis, food for thought and recommendations regarding a possible way ahead on the subject. their design and implementation. Authors +234 or 239 2201 Germany Major André Haider, (DEU A), JAPCC I Lieutenant Colonel Martin Menzel, (DEU A), JAPCC We welcome your comments on our document or any future issues it identifies. Please NCN: Commander William Perkins, (USA N), JAPCC feel free to contact the RPAS section of the Combat Air Branch at the JAPCC staff via email: [email protected]. Release 47546 Kalkar I This document is releasable to the Public. Portions of the document may be quoted without permission, provided a standard source credit is included. aérienne interarmées de la puissance de compétence centre I Published and distributed by JOINT AIR POWER COMPETENCE CENTRE The Joint Air Power Competence Centre von-Seydlitz-Kaserne Römerstraße 140 47546 Kalkar Römerstraße 140 Germany Joachim Wundrak I Lieutenant General, DEU AF Telephone: +49 (0) 2824 90 2201 Facsimile: +49 (0) 2824 90 2208 Executive Director, JAPCC E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.japcc.org Joint Air Power Competence Centre Competence Power Air Joint von-Seydlitz-Kaserne Denotes images digitally manipulated JAPCC | NATO / Multinational Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Unit | October 2015 i TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I Introduction 1.1 Aim ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Assumptions.......................................................................................................................................................................................2 1.3 Methodology .....................................................................................................................................................................................2 1.4 Limitations ...........................................................................................................................................................................................2 CHAPTER II Terms and Definitions 2.1 Multinational Unit ...........................................................................................................................................................................3 2.2 NATO Unit ............................................................................................................................................................................................3 2.3 Unmanned Aircraft .........................................................................................................................................................................3 2.4 Remotely Operated Aircraft ......................................................................................................................................................4 2.5 Remotely Piloted Aircraft ............................................................................................................................................................4 2.6 Unmanned Aircraft System .......................................................................................................................................................4 2.7 Remotely Piloted Aircraft System ..........................................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER III The Evolution of RPAS in ISR 3.1 Operation Allied Force (Mar – Jun 1999) ..........................................................................................................................5 3.2 Operations in Afghanistan (Aug 2003 – Dec 2014) ..................................................................................................6 3.3 Operation Unified rotectorP (Feb – Oct 2011) ..............................................................................................................7 3.4 Assessment .........................................................................................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER IV Concepts, Initiatives and Summit Declarations 4.1 The Concept of Smart Defence ..............................................................................................................................................9 4.2 The Concept of Pooling and Sharing ................................................................................................................................9 4.3 The Wales Summit Declaration ...........................................................................................................................................10 4.4 Joint Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Initiative .......................................................................11 CHAPTER V Rationale for a NATO/MNJISRU 5.1 NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control ..................................................................................................................14 5.2 NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance .................................................................................................................................15 5.3 Assessment ......................................................................................................................................................................................16 ii JAPCC | NATO / Multinational Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Unit | October 2015 CHAPTER VI Requirements
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