DOCSLIB.ORG

EW Concepts and Tactics for Single Or Multiple UAS Over the Net-Centric Battlefield

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EW Concepts and Tactics for Single Or Multiple UAS Over the Net-Centric Battlefield Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2009-09 General use of UAS in EW environment--EW concepts and tactics for single or multiple UAS over the net-centric battlefield Erdemli, Mustafa Gokhan. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4512 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS GENERAL USE OF UAS IN EW ENVIRONMENT—EW CONCEPTS AND TACTICS FOR SINGLE OR MULTIPLE UAS OVER THE NET-CENTRIC BATTLEFIELD by Mustafa Gokhan Erdemli Thesis Co-Advisors: Edward Fisher Wolfgang Baer Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2009 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE General Use of UAS in EW Environment—EW 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Concepts and Tactics for Single or Multiple UAS over the Net-Centric Battlefield 6. AUTHOR(S) Mustafa Gokhan Erdemli 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) With the development of technology, Electronic Warfare has been increasing for decades its importance in modern battles. It can even be referred to as the heart of today’s net-centric battlefield. Unmanned Aerial Systems are gaining more importance every single day. Nations are working on more complex and more effective UAS in order to accomplish missions that are very difficult, or even impossible for manned aircraft. Electronic Warfare missions are often dangerous and risky. Mounting Electronic Warfare equipment on a UAS and using it to conduct the EW mission is the most rational solution, since it does not endanger human life. This thesis will examine the possible ways in which UAS can be paired with EW equipment. These two technologies can be integrated into a single mission over the net-centric battlefield. Furthermore, this thesis will try to explain the concepts and tactics required to use these integrated technologies more effectively. At the end of the thesis, a scenario will be run to help the reader understand the applicability of these tactics in the real environment. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Network Centric Warfare, Unmanned Aerial 15. NUMBER OF System, UAV Missions, NCW, UAS, UAV, Electronic Warfare, EW Missions, EW and UAS Tactics PAGES 245 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited GENERAL USE OF UAS IN EW ENVIRONMENT—EW CONCEPTS AND TACTICS FOR SINGLE OR MULTIPLE UAS OVER THE NET-CENTRIC BATTLEFIELD Mustafa Gokhan Erdemli 1st Lieutenant, Turkish Air Force B.S., Turkish Air Force Academy, 2001 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL September 2009 Author: Mustafa Gokhan Erdemli Approved by: Edward Fisher Thesis Advisor Dr. Wolfgang Baer Co- Thesis Advisor Dan C. Boger Chairman, Department of Information Sciences iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT With the development of technology, Electronic Warfare has been increasing for decades its importance in modern battles. It can even be referred to as the heart of today’s net- centric battlefield. Unmanned Aerial Systems are gaining more importance every single day. Nations are working on more complex and more effective UAS in order to accomplish missions that are very difficult, or even impossible for manned aircraft. Electronic Warfare missions are often dangerous and risky. Mounting Electronic Warfare equipment on a UAS and using it to conduct the EW mission is the most rational solution, since it does not endanger human life. This thesis will examine the possible ways in which UAS can be paired with EW equipment. These two technologies can be integrated into a single mission over the net- centric battlefield. Furthermore this thesis will try to explain the concepts and tactics required to use these integrated technologies more effectively. At the end of the thesis, a scenario will be run to help the reader understand the applicability of these tactics in the real environment. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTIONS .............................................................1 B. SCOPE OF THE THESIS...............................................................................2 C. BENEFITS OF STUDY...................................................................................2 D. CHAPTER OUTLINE.....................................................................................2 1. Introduction..........................................................................................2 2. General Description of EW.................................................................2 3. History of EW.......................................................................................3 4. General Information About UAS .......................................................3 5. History of UAS .....................................................................................3 6. Merging Points of EW and UAS.........................................................4 7. Possible Tactics and Concepts of UAS in the Net-centric Battle Area .......................................................................................................4 8. Scenario.................................................................................................5 9. Conclusions and Recommendations...................................................5 II. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF EW.........................................................................7 A. MAIN DEFINITIONS RELATED TO ELECTRONIC WARFARE ........7 1. Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS)......................................................7 2. Electromagnetic Environment (EME) ...............................................7 3. Electronic Warfare (EW)....................................................................9 4. Electronic Attack (EA) ........................................................................9 5. Electronic Protection (EP) ................................................................10 6. Electronic Warfare Support (ES).....................................................10 7. Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Support .................................11 8. Directed Energy (DE) in EW. ...........................................................12 B. EW EFFECTS................................................................................................12 1. Types of Electromagnetic Deception................................................13 C. EW TENETS ..................................................................................................15 D. ELECTRONIC WARFARE’S RELATIONSHIP TO INFORMATION OPERATIONS (IO)........................................................15 E. THE MAJOR ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN EW.................................17 III. HISTORY OF EW.....................................................................................................21 A. BEFORE AND DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR.............................21 B. FROM 1919 TO THE END OF SECOND WORLD WAR .......................23 C. FROM 1946 TO THE FIRST GULF WAR ................................................26 1. Korean War (1950–1953) to Vietnam ..............................................26 2. Vietnam War Era (1962–1975).........................................................31 3. Yom Kippur (1973) and the Bekaa Valley (1982)...........................39 a. Aircraft and Missiles Used in Bekaa Valley Battle................44 4. The First Gulf War (Operation DESERT STORM) ......................47 vii D. FROM THE FIRST GULF WAR TO THE PRESENT.............................56 1. Operation Allied Forces (23 March-10 June 1999).........................56 2. The War in Afghanistan (7 October 2001-Present)........................59
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Repüléstudományi Közlemények
    Matyas Palik, Máté Nagy BRIEF HISTORY OF UAV DEVELOPMENT DOI: 10.32560/rk.2019.1.13 In this article, the authors present the technical development of the drones from the beginning to the present. The reader will get to know the most important periods and events of the drone's military application. At the end of the article, the authors summarize the four main purposes of military use of drones. Keywords: Flying Bomb, Pilotless Target Aircraft, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV, drone INTRODUCTION The human’s desire to fly high in the sky emerged as early as its common sense. However, it took a long time to make this dream real. A large number of scientists had worked on this topic and it had demanded so many brave people’s life, until finally men could ascend from the ground. By that, people’s enthusiasm towards the aviation led to success. At first they con- quered the air by balloons, later by airships, and finally with airplanes. Meanwhile, the idea to use a machine that can fly without a person on board has always been in the researchers mind. This idea is not surprising at all, because such a system’s advantages are obvious. We don’t have to count with the death of the on-board personnel, if the aircraft is destroyed for some reason. In addition, we can use them for such boring tasks, like aerial re- connaissance. Finally, their financial advantage is unquestionable, due to the fact, that in gen- eral a UAV’s1 price is lower than the price of a conventional aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • CRUISE MISSILE THREAT Volume 2: Emerging Cruise Missile Threat
    By Systems Assessment Group NDIA Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense Committee August 1999 FEASIBILITY OF THIRD WORLD ADVANCED BALLISTIC AND CRUISE MISSILE THREAT Volume 2: Emerging Cruise Missile Threat The Systems Assessment Group of the National Defense Industrial Association ( NDIA) Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense Committee performed this study as a continuing examination of feasible Third World missile threats. Volume 1 provided an assessment of the feasibility of the long range ballistic missile threats (released by NDIA in October 1998). Volume 2 uses aerospace industry judgments and experience to assess Third World cruise missile acquisition and development that is “emerging” as a real capability now. The analyses performed by industry under the broad title of “Feasibility of Third World Advanced Ballistic & Cruise Missile Threat” incorporate information only from unclassified sources. Commercial GPS navigation instruments, compact avionics, flight programming software, and powerful, light-weight jet propulsion systems provide the tools needed for a Third World country to upgrade short-range anti-ship cruise missiles or to produce new land-attack cruise missiles (LACMs) today. This study focuses on the question of feasibility of likely production methods rather than relying on traditional intelligence based primarily upon observed data. Published evidence of technology and weapons exports bears witness to the failure of international agreements to curtail cruise missile proliferation. The study recognizes the role LACMs developed by Third World countries will play in conjunction with other new weapons, for regional force projection. LACMs are an “emerging” threat with immediate and dire implications for U.S. freedom of action in many regions .
    [Show full text]
  • Replacing the RAAF F/A-18 Hornet Fighter
    Replacing the RAAF F/A-18 Hornet Fighter Strategic, Operational and Technical Issues Carlo Kopp Defence Analyst Submission to the Minister of Defence Parliament House, Canberra May, 1998 UNCLASSIFIED - NOT FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -2- © 1998, C. Kopp [Release] "qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum" De Re Militari, Flavius Vegetius Renatus, Fourth Century A.D. UNCLASSIFIED - NOT FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Drawings -3- © 1998, C. Kopp [Release] Sukhoi Su-30K/MK/MKI/37 TNI-AU TNI-AU 11 TNI-AU 08 (C) 1997, Carlo Kopp Drawing 1. Sukhoi Su-30MK/MKI Tactical Fighter The Sukhoi Su-27P/S, Su-30M/MK/MKI, and Su-35/37 family of fighters represent the Soviet/Russian capability response to the US developed F-15A/C and F-15E Eagle fight- ers. Employing vortex lift techniques, these aircraft are unsurpassed in sustained and instantaneous close in manoeuvre capability, while offering 1000 NMI class unrefuelled combat radius and a respectable Beyond Visual Range radar and missile capability. The PLA-AF intend to deploy in excess of 350 such aircraft, and the IAF may deploy as many as 200 aircraft in time. The type is also operated by Vietnam and was ordered by Indone- sia prior to its economic collapse. Depicted is an aircraft in Indonesian TNI-AU colours. UNCLASSIFIED - NOT FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Drawings -4- © 1998, C. Kopp [Release] 23 A21-23 Drawing 2. RAAF/Boeing F/A-18A+ Hornet Tactical Fighter Deployed during the eighties, the Boeing (MDC) F/A-18A+ Hornet is the ADF’s princi- pal air superiority asset, which also has a respectable maritime and theatre strike capabil- ity.
    [Show full text]
  • LUH Clears 6 Kms Altitude Flight
    www.aeromag.in n January - February 2019 | Vol 13 | Issue 1 LUH Clears 6 KMs Altitude Flight World’s Largest Importer, in association with Yet Indian Armed Forces Society of Indian Aerospace Technologies & Industries Need to be Better Equipped - Page 14 Official Media Partner Feb 20 - 24, 2019. Yelahanka Air Force Station, Bangalore Advertise with AEROMAG Show Dailies 1 Total Air and Missile Defense Sky Capture BARAK 8 - Naval-based BARAK 8 - Land-based ARROW 2 - Anti-Ballistic ARROW 3 - Anti-Ballistic Air & Missile Defense Air & Missile Defense Missile Defense Missile Defense Full Spectrum of Integrated, Networked Meet us at AERO INDIA 2019 Air and Missile Defense Solutions to Defeat Hall B: B2.1, B2.2 Threats at Any Range and Altitude IAI offers a comprehensive range of Air and Missile Defense Systems for land and naval applications. From VSHORAD to long-range, to theater and exo-atmospheric systems against ballistic missiles. Our unique solutions, based on lessons derived from vast operational experience, incorporate state-of-the-art technology and full networking for the most effective System of Systems. The result: IAI’s solutions. www.iai.co.il • [email protected] 2 Total Air and Missile Defense Advertise with Official Show Dailies of AEROMAG AEROMAG OFFICIAL MEDIA PARTNER Sky Capture BARAK 8 - Naval-based BARAK 8 - Land-based ARROW 2 - Anti-Ballistic ARROW 3 - Anti-Ballistic Air & Missile Defense Air & Missile Defense Missile Defense Missile Defense Full Spectrum of Integrated, Networked Meet us at AERO INDIA 2019 AERO INDIA 2019 Air and Missile Defense Solutions to Defeat Hall B: B2.1, B2.2 Threats at Any Range and Altitude 20-24 FEBRUARY, BENGALURU IAI offers a comprehensive range of Air and Missile Defense Systems for land and naval applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis
    DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation / Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Robotic Wars – Legitimatorische Grundlagen und Gren- zen des Einsatzes von Military Unmanned Systems in modernen Konfliktszenarien.“ verfasst von / submitted by Mag. (FH) Dr. Markus Reisner angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 794 242 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Interdisciplinary Legal Studies field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Ao. Univ.-Prof. DDr. Christian Stadler „… von allen hier aufgestellten Behauptungen gilt: Sie sind niedergeschrieben, damit sie nicht wahr werden. Denn nicht wahr werden können sie alleine dann, wenn wir ihre hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit pausenlos im Auge behalten, und dement- sprechend handeln. Es gibt nichts Entsetzlicheres als recht zu behalten.“ Günter Anders (1902-1992) Österreichischer Philosoph in seinem Werk „Die Zerstörung unserer Zukunft“ Inhalt: 1. Einleitung......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Fragestellung und Hypothese .................................................................. 6 1.2 Angewandte Methode und verfügbare Quellen..................................... 12 2. Drone Killing – Robotic Systems in der modernen Kriegführung ............ 19 2.1 Klassifikationen von Robotic
    [Show full text]
  • Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: a Study of India and Israel
    Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 4 Article 1 Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: A Study of India and Israel Shlok Misra Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Tanish Jain University of California San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/beyond Part of the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Misra, Shlok and Jain, Tanish () "Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: A Study of India and Israel," Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://commons.erau.edu/beyond/vol4/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: A Study of India and Israel Cover Page Footnote Shlok Misra is an undergraduate at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach. He is currently pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Science, with a minor in Airline Operations and Business Administration. Shlok is passionate about using technology for enhancing airspace efficiency and safety. Shlok’s research also focuses on studying human factors to enhance aviation safety. Shlok is currently a Commercial Pilot with an instrument rating. Tanish Jain is an undergraduate at the University of California, San Diego. He is currently pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, with a focus on Machine Learning and Controls.
    [Show full text]
  • O Emprego Dos Sistemas De Defesa Aérea Na Guerra Do Yom Kippur
    O Emprego dos Sistemas de Defesa Aérea na Guerra do Yom Kippur “We tried to drop low to avoid them. That was when we ran into the ZSUs. Before they hadn’t been much of a problem. Fly high enough and their range is too low to get you. Now we were trapped .If you flew too high, the SA-6 got you .If you dropped too low to avoid them, you ran into the ZSUs. Anything that can pump out that many shells in that short a time is just best avoided .” Piloto Israel ita de um F -4 Phantom 1-Introdução O desenrolar da História e em particular a História Militar é algo que pode ser comparado ao monitor de batimento cardíaco que existe nos hospitais. Em determinados momentos a linha do monitor encontra-se estável, como também acontece haver saltos periódicos quando o coração bate. Esta premissa pode ser comparada justamente com o historial de Guerra e Paz que tem vindo a acontecer no Médio Oriente. A linha estável do monitor de batimento cardíaco relaciona-se com o clima de não Guerra e não Paz que existe durante longos períodos de tempo na região e os saltos periódicos do batimento cardíaco relacionam-se com os conflitos militares de pequena e média intensidade que decorrem ocasionalmente. O Conflito Israelo-Árabe de 1973, também chamado por Guerra do Yom Kippur pelos Israelitas ou Guerra de Outubro pelos Árabes 1 iniciou-se no dia 6 de Outubro de 1973 e terminou no dia 24 do mesmo mês. Este conflito caracterizou-se por ser o quarto a decorrer na região do Médio Oriente desde a independência do Estado de Israel no ano de 1948.
    [Show full text]
  • UAS – Low Hanging Fruit India Still to Pluck
    01/21 UAS – Low Hanging Fruit India Still to Pluck Air Marshal Anil Chopra PVSM AVSM VM VSM (Retd) Director General, CAPS 22 April 2021 Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) began making unmanned aerial system (UAS) with the Fluffy target drone in 1970s, which was replaced by the reusable, subsonic, pilotless target aircraft Lakshya that first flew in 1985. Around 30 were produced and operated by all the services. The advanced version Lakshya-II was flight-tested in January 2012. In March 2017, Air Force version of Lakshya-II was flight tested. The Army-centric Nishant is a multi-mission UAS with day/night capability for battlefield surveillance and targeting, and was first flown in August 1996. DRDO claimed it equivalent of IAI’s Searcher. Finally only four were built. A wheeled version of the Nishant UAS, named “Panchi” is known to be under development. There are a large number of DRDO UAS projects since 1985, but what really counts is, what gets inducted into the Armed Forces. That number after nearly 45 years should have been much higher. DRDO’s Rustom Series Rustom-1 was evolved from Burt Rutan’s Long-EZ with 250 km range, for visual and radar surveillance. It was to be a tactical UAV with endurance of 12 hours, and made its first flight in November 2009. Rustom-H, is a larger UAV was with flight endurance of over 24 hours. TAPAS-BH- 201 (Rustom-2) Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAV has been derived from the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) LCRA (Light Canard Research Aircraft), and is meant to supplement the Heron UAVs in service.
    [Show full text]
  • Desind Finding
    NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE ARCHIVES Herbert Stephen Desind Collection Accession No. 1997-0014 NASM 9A00657 National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC Brian D. Nicklas © Smithsonian Institution, 2003 NASM Archives Desind Collection 1997-0014 Herbert Stephen Desind Collection 109 Cubic Feet, 305 Boxes Biographical Note Herbert Stephen Desind was a Washington, DC area native born on January 15, 1945, raised in Silver Spring, Maryland and educated at the University of Maryland. He obtained his BA degree in Communications at Maryland in 1967, and began working in the local public schools as a science teacher. At the time of his death, in October 1992, he was a high school teacher and a freelance writer/lecturer on spaceflight. Desind also was an avid model rocketeer, specializing in using the Estes Cineroc, a model rocket with an 8mm movie camera mounted in the nose. To many members of the National Association of Rocketry (NAR), he was known as “Mr. Cineroc.” His extensive requests worldwide for information and photographs of rocketry programs even led to a visit from FBI agents who asked him about the nature of his activities. Mr. Desind used the collection to support his writings in NAR publications, and his building scale model rockets for NAR competitions. Desind also used the material in the classroom, and in promoting model rocket clubs to foster an interest in spaceflight among his students. Desind entered the NASA Teacher in Space program in 1985, but it is not clear how far along his submission rose in the selection process. He was not a semi-finalist, although he had a strong application.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arms Industry and Increasingly Autonomous Weapons
    Slippery Slope The arms industry and increasingly autonomous weapons www.paxforpeace.nl Reprogramming War This report is part of a PAX research project on the development of lethal autonomous weapons. These weapons, which would be able to kill people without any direct human involvement, are highly controversial. Many experts warn that they would violate fundamental legal and ethical principles and would be a destabilising threat to international peace and security. In a series of four reports, PAX analyses the actors that could potentially be involved in the development of these weapons. Each report looks at a different group of actors, namely states, the tech sector, the arms industry, and universities and research institutes. The present report focuses on the arms industry. Its goal is to inform the ongoing debate with facts about current developments within the defence sector. It is the responsibility of companies to be mindful of the potential applications of certain new technologies and the possible negative effects when applied to weapon systems. They must also clearly articulate where they draw the line to ensure that humans keep control over the use of force by weapon systems. If you have any questions regarding this project, please contact Daan Kayser ([email protected]). Colophon November 2019 ISBN: 978-94-92487-46-9 NUR: 689 PAX/2019/14 Author: Frank Slijper Thanks to: Alice Beck, Maaike Beenes and Daan Kayser Cover illustration: Kran Kanthawong Graphic design: Het IJzeren Gordijn © PAX This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/deed.en We encourage people to share this information widely and ask that it be correctly cited when shared.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Equipment Guide
    WORLDWIDE EQUIPMENT GUIDE TRADOC DCSINT Threat Support Directorate DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Worldwide Equipment Guide Sep 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Memorandum, 24 Sep 2001 ...................................... *i V-150................................................................. 2-12 Introduction ............................................................ *vii VTT-323 ......................................................... 2-12.1 Table: Units of Measure........................................... ix WZ 551........................................................... 2-12.2 Errata Notes................................................................ x YW 531A/531C/Type 63 Vehicle Series........... 2-13 Supplement Page Changes.................................... *xiii YW 531H/Type 85 Vehicle Series ................... 2-14 1. INFANTRY WEAPONS ................................... 1-1 Infantry Fighting Vehicles AMX-10P IFV................................................... 2-15 Small Arms BMD-1 Airborne Fighting Vehicle.................... 2-17 AK-74 5.45-mm Assault Rifle ............................. 1-3 BMD-3 Airborne Fighting Vehicle.................... 2-19 RPK-74 5.45-mm Light Machinegun................... 1-4 BMP-1 IFV..................................................... 2-20.1 AK-47 7.62-mm Assault Rifle .......................... 1-4.1 BMP-1P IFV...................................................... 2-21 Sniper Rifles.....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Unmanned Aircraft Systems: a Comprehensive Approach
    Designing Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Comprehensive Approach Jay Gundlach Aurora Flight Sciences Manassas, Virginia AIAA EDUCATION SERIES Joseph A. Schetz, Editor-in-Chief Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia 20191-4344 NOMENCLATURE Item Definition A area; availability; ground area covered in a mission; radar antenna area, m2; conversion between radians and minutes of arc Aa achieved availability Abound bounded area for a closed section 2 Ad IR detector sensitive area, m 2 Aeff effective antenna area, length Ai inherent availability AO operational availability; UA availability 2 Ap propeller disk area, length ARate area coverage rate Ar effective collection area of optical receiver ASurf surface area AR aspect ratio ARWet wetted aspect ratio AR0 aspect ratio along spanwise path a UA acceleration; maximum fuselage cross-section width; speed of sound; detector characteristic dimension awa radar mainlobe width metric awr radar mainlobe width metric ax acceleration along the x direction (acceleration) B acuity gain due to binoculars; boom area; effective noise bandwidth of receiving process, Hz 21 BDoppler Doppler bandwidth (time ) BN effective noise bandwidth of the receiving process 21 BT radar signal bandwidth (time ) BSFCSL brake specific fuel consumption at sea level b web length; wing span; maximum fuselage cross- section height bw wing span b0 span without dihedral C cost of contractor
    [Show full text]