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The Indian Air Force Bhartiya V Yu Sen Is the Air Arm of the Indian

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The Indian Air Force Bhartiya V Yu Sen Is the Air Arm of the Indian The Indian Air Force Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the Indian Empire and the prefix Royal was added in 1945 in recognition of its services during World War II. After India achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the Royal Indian Air Force served the Union of India, with the prefix being dropped when India became a republic in 1950. Since independence, the IAF has been involved in four wars with neighbouringPakistan and one with the People's Republic of China. Other major operations undertaken by the IAF include Operation Vijay - the invasion of Goa, OperationMeghdoot, Operation Cactus and Operation Poomalai. Apart from conflicts, the IAF has been an active participant in United Nations peacekeeping missions. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the IAF. The Chief of Air Staff, an Air Chief Marshal (ACM), is a four star commander and commands the Air Force. There is never more than one serving ACM at any given time in the IAF. One officer Arjan Singh , DFC has been conferred the rank of Marshal of the Air Force, a 5-star rank and the officer serves as the ceremonial chief. With strength of approximately 170,000 personnel and 1,300 aircraft, the Indian Air Force is the world's fourth largest air force after the United States Air Force, Russian Air Force and China's People's Liberation Army Force. In recent years, the IAF has undertaken an ambitious expansion and modernisation program to replace its aging Soviet-era fighter jets. Mission The IAF's mission is defined by the Armed Forces Act of 1947, Constitution of India and the Air Force Act of 1950,[6] in the aerial battlespace, as: Defence of India and every part thereof including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times ³ of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation. ´ . The IAF also operates the Integrated Space Cell together with the other two branches of the Indian Armed Forces, the civilian Department of Space and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) to utilize more effectively the country's space-based assets for military purposes and to look into threats to these assets.[7][8] The Indian Air Force along with the other branches of the Indian Armed Forces provide assistance in disaster relief such as during natural calamities by undertaking evacuation or search-and-rescue (SAR) operations and air dropping relief supplies in affected areas.[9] The IAF provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the Gujarat cyclone in 1998 and the Tsunami in 2004.[9]The IAF also provides assistance to other countries during relief activities such as Operation Rainbow in Sri Lanka.[9] History The Indian Air Force was established in British India as an auxiliary air force[10] of the Royal Air Force with the enactment of the Indian Air Force Act 1932 on 8 October that year[11][12] and adopted the Royal Air Force uniforms , badges, brevets and insignia.[13] On 1 April 1933, the IAF commissioned its first squadron, No.1 Squadron, with four Westland Wapiti biplanes and five Indian pilots. The Indian pilots were led by Flight Lieutenant (later Air Vice Marshal) Cecil Bouchier.[14] Until 1938, No. 1 Squadron remained the only squadron of the IAF, though two moreflights were added.[14] During World War II, the red blob was removed from the IAF roundel to eliminate confusion with the Japanese Red Sun Emblem.[13] The Air Force grew to seven squadrons in 1943 and to nine squadrons in 1945.[14] The IAF helped in blocking the advance of the Japanese army in Burma, where its first air strike was on the Japanese military base in Arakan. It also carried out strike missions against the Japanese airbases at Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai in northern Thailand. In recognition of the crucial role played by the IAF, King George VI conferred it the prefix "Royal" in 1945.[12][15] During the war, many youth joined the Indian National Army. Forty five of them (known as the Tokyo Boys) were sent to train as fighter pilots at the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force Academy in 1944 by Subhas Chandra Bose.[16] After the war, they were interned by the Allies and were court-martialled. After Indian independence, some of them rejoined the IAF for service.[16] First years of independence (1947±1950) After gaining independence from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the new states of the Union of India and theDominion of Pakistan. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the Royal Pakistan Air Force.[17] The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim 'Chakra' roundel derived from the Ashoka Chakra.[13] Around the same time, conflict broke out between them over the control of the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir. With Pakistani forces moving into the state, its Maharaja decided to accede to India in order to receive military help.[18] The day after instrument of accession was signed, the RIAF was called upon to transport troops into the war-zone.[18] This led to the eruption of full scale war between India and Pakistan, though there was no formal declaration of war.[19] During the war, the RIAF did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the Indian troops.[20] When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix 'Royal' was dropped from the Indian Air Force.[12] At the same time, the current IAF roundel was adapted.[13] [edit]Congo crisis and liberation of Goa (1960±1961) The IAF saw significant conflict in 1960, when Belgium's 75-year rule over Congo ended abruptly, engulfing the nation in widespread violence and rebellion.[21] IAF sent No. 5 Squadron, equipped with English Electric Canberra, to support United Nations Operation in the Congo. The squadron started undertaking operational missions in November.[22] The unit remained there until 1966, when the UN mission ended.[22]Operating from Leopoldville and Kamina, the Canberras soon destroyed the rebel Air Force and provided the UN ground forces with its only long-range air support force.[23] In late 1961, the Indian government decided to deploy the armed forces in an effort to evict the Portuguese out of Goa and other Enclaves after years of negotiation.[24] The Indian Air Force was requested to provide support elements to the ground force in what was calledOperation Vijay. Probing flights by some fighters and bombers were carried out from 8±18 December to draw out the Portuguese Air Force, but to no avail.[24] On December 18, two waves of Canberra bombers bombed the runway of Dabolim airfield taking care not to bomb the Terminals and the ATC tower. Two Portuguese transport air craft (a Super Constellation and a DC-6) found on the airfield were left alone so that they can be captured intact. However the Portuguese pilots managed to take off the aircraft from the still damaged airfield and made their getaway to Portugal.[24] Hunters attacked the wireless station at Bambolim. Vampires were used to provide air support to the ground forces.[24] In Daman, Mystères were used to strike Portuguese gun positions.[24] Ouragans (called Toofanis in the IAF) bombed the runways at Diu and destroyed the control tower, wireless station and the meteorological station.[24] Border disputes and changes in the IAF (1962±1971) n 1962, border disagreements between China and India escalated to a war when China mobilised its troops across the Indian border.[25] During the Sino-Indian War, India's military planners failed to deploy and effectively use the IAF against the invading Chinese forces. This resulted in India losing a significant amount of advantage to the Chinese; especially in Jammu and Kashmir.[25] Three years after the Sino-Indian conflict, in 1965, India went to war with Pakistan again over Kashmir in what came to be known as the Second Kashmir War. Learning from the experiences of the Sino-Indian war, India used its air force extensively during the war. This was the first time the IAF actively engaged an enemy air force.[26] However, instead of providing close air support to theIndian Army,[27] the IAF carried out independent raids against PAF bases.[28] These bases were situated deep inside Pakistani territory, making IAF fighters vulnerable to anti-aircraft fire.[29] During the course of the conflict, the PAF enjoyed qualitative superiority over the IAF as most of the jets in IAF's fleet were of post World War II vintage. Despite this, the IAF was able to prevent the PAF from gaining air superiority over conflict zones.[30] By the time the conflict had ended, Pakistan claimed to have shot down 113 IAF aircraft while the Indians claimed 73 PAF aircraft were downed.[31] More than 60% of IAF's air combat losses took place during the battles over Kalaikunda and Pathankot; where most of the aircraft were destroyed while parked on the ground.[32] After the 1965 war, the IAF underwent a series of changes to improve its capabilities.
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