Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos
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Nhóm Mạng Việt Nam Văn Hiến www.vietnamvanhien.net/org/info/com Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos Nam Phong tổng hợp Hoả tiễn siêu thanh Brahmos đã được phối trí trên những vị trí chiến lược tại Ấn Độ tháng 11 năm 2006. Brahmos là tên cuả một công ty hổn hợp giữa hai chánh quyền Nga và Ấn sản xuất hoả tiễn để trang bị trên phi cơ, tàu ngầm, tàu nổi và trên đất liền. Với những đặc điểm như sau: Tầm xa: 300km Trọng lượng: 300kgs Đường kính: 600cm Chiều dài: 8.4m, ngắn hơn nếu trang bị trên phi cơ Tốc độ: 2.08 - 3 mach = 50km/phút Giá tiền: 2.73 triệu đô Mỹ mỗi cái 1 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net Brahmos (ảnh cuả cautionindia.com) Brahmos trên đất (ảnh cuả forum.bahrat.com) Brahmos trên phi cơ (ảnh cuả nosint.com) 2 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net Brahmos trên tàu chiến (ảnh cuả nosint.com) Brahmos trong tàu ngầm (ảnh cuả nosint.com) Chi tiết hơn như dưới đây: BrahMos From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . BrahMos 3 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net BrahMos and the launch canister on display at the International Maritime Defence Show, IMDS-2007, St. Petersburg, Russia Type Cruise missile Place of origin India/Russia Service history In service November 2006 Used by Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Airforce (awaiting) Production history Manufacturer Joint venture, Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Mashinostroeyenia (Russia) and Defence Research and Development Organization (BrahMos Corp, India) Unit cost US$ 2.73 million 4 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net Specifications Weight 3,000 kg 2,500 kg (air-launched) Length 8.4 m Diameter 0.6 m Warhead 300 kg Conventional semi- armour-piercing Engine Two-stage integrated Rocket/Ramjet Operational 290 km range Speed Mach 2.8-3.0[1] Launch Ship, submarine, aircraft and platform land-based mobile launchers. BrahMos is a stealth supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land. It is a joint venture between Republic of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russian Federation's NPO Mashinostroeyenia who have together formed BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited. It is the world's fastest cruise missile in operation.[2] The name BrahMos is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia. The missile travels at speeds of Mach 2.8 to 3.0.[1] It is about three-and-a-half times faster than the USA's subsonic Harpoon[3] cruise missile. An Air launched variant is also planned which is expected to come out in 2012 and will make India the only country with supersonic missiles in all the defence forces.[4] A hypersonic version of the missile is also presently under development with speed of Mach 7 to boost aerial fast strike capability. It is expected to be ready by 2016.[5] 5 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net Though India had wanted the BrahMos to be based on a mid range cruise missile, namely P-700 Granit, instead Russia opted for the shorter range sister of the missile, P-800 Oniks, in order to comply with MTCR restrictions, to which Russia is a signatory. Its propulsion is based on the Russian missile, and guidance has been developed by BrahMos Corp. The missile is expected to reach a total order worth of US$13 billion [6][7] Contents 1 History and Development o 1.1 Origins o 1.2 Description 2 Testing Trials by Indian Army o 2.1 Variants 3 Operators o 3.1 India . 3.1.1 Indian Navy . 3.1.2 Indian Army . 3.1.2.1 Brahmos I Block-I . 3.1.2.2 Brahmos I Block-II . 3.1.2.3 BrahMos I Block-III . 3.1.3 Indian Air Force o 3.2 Russia . 3.2.1 Russian Navy o 3.3 Other Countries . 3.3.1 Export 4 Hypersonic Cruise Missile o 4.1 BrahMos II 5 References 6 External links 7 Video History and Development Origins The BrahMos has been developed as a joint venture between the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) of India and the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Mashinostroyenia (NPOM) of Russia under BrahMos Aerospace. The missile is named after two rivers, the Brahmaputra and the Moskva Since late 2004, the missile has undergone several tests from variety of platforms including a land based test from the Pokhran range in the desert, in which the 'S' maneuver at Mach 2.8 was demonstrated for the Indian Army and a launch in which the land attack capability from sea was demonstrated.[8] Keltec, an Indian state owned firm was acquired by Brahmos Corporation in 2008.[9] Approximately 1,500 crore (US$334.5 million) will be invested in the facility to make Brahmos components and integrate the missile systems. This was necessitated by the increased order book of the missile system, with orders having been placed by both the Indian Army and Navy.[10][11][12] 6 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net Description BrahMos claims to have the capability of attacking surface targets as low as 10 metres in altitude. It can gain a speed of Mach 2.8, and has a maximum range of 290 km.[1] The ship-launched and land-based missiles can carry a 200 kg warhead, whereas the aircraft-launched variant (BrahMos A) can carry a 300 kg warhead. It has a two-stage propulsion system, with a solid-propellant rocket for initial acceleration and a liquid-fueled ramjet responsible for sustained supersonic cruise. Air-breathing ramjet propulsion is much more fuel-efficient than rocket propulsion, giving the BrahMos a longer range than a pure rocket-powered missile would achieve. The high speed of the BrahMos likely gives it better target-penetration characteristics than lighter subsonic cruise-missiles such as the Tomahawk.[13] Being twice as heavy and almost four times faster than the Tomahawk, the BrahMos has almost 32 times the initial kinetic energy of a Tomahawk missile (although it pays for this by having only 3/5 the payload and a fraction of the range despite weighing twice as much, suggesting a different tactical paradigm to achieve the objective). Although BrahMos is primarily an anti-ship missile, it can also engage land based targets. It can be launched either in a vertical or inclined position and is capable of covering targets over a 360 degree horizon. The BrahMos missile has an identical configuration for land, sea, and sub-sea platforms. The air-launched version has a smaller booster and additional tail fins for added stability during launch. The BrahMos is currently being configured for aerial deployment with the Su-30MKI as its carrier. On September 5, 2010 BrahMos created a record for the first supersonic steep dive.-brahmos BrahMos is the world's fastest cruise missile. Testing Trials by Indian Army Brahmos was first test fired on June 12, 2001 from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur in a vertical launch configuration. On June 14, 2004 another test was conducted at ITR and Brahmos was fired from an mobile launcher.[14] During a user trial on January 20, 2009 Brahmos was tested with an new navigation system but it failed to hit the target. BrahMos Aerospace Corporation's director Dr Sivathanu Pillai said. "The missile performance was absolutely normal until the last phase, but the missile missed the target, though it maintained the direction." and that "The problem was in the software, not hardware".[15][16] The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) said that there were "small hitches" in the last stage of the test-firing. DRDO officials further said."The American satellites that run the GPS had been switched off on 7 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net the day Barack Obama was sworn in the United States President, they said. The missile, therefore, traveled for 112 seconds instead of the slated 84 seconds and fell 7 km away from the target".[17] Brahmos was test fired again on Mach 4, 2009 and on March 29, 2009. For the test the missile had to identify a building among a cluster of buildings in an urban environment. Brahmos successfully hit the intended target in two and a half minute of launch marking the completion of development phase of Brahmos Block-II. On March 21, 2010 Brahmos was test fired and "hit a free-floating ship piercing it above the waterline and destroying it completely". The test proved missiles ability to maneuver at supersonic speed before hitting target making India the first and only country to have a maneuverable supersonic cruise missile.[18] On September 5, 2010 Brahmos was test fired again. A scientist, who witnessed the test, said "The missile flew in the designated complex trajectory including large manoeuvres and steep dive. This is the first time that a supersonic dive has been realized by a cruise missile".[19] Brahmos Block III+ was test fired from an Mobile Autonomous Launcher on December 2, 2010 with an new advanced guidance scheme incorporating large scale maneuvers at multiple points and steep dive from high altitude with precision strike. Brahmos completed all maneuvers hitting the target precisely.[20] On August 12, 2011 it was test fired by ground forces and met all mission parameters.[21] Variants Ship launched, Anti-Ship variant (operational) Ship launched, Land attack variant (operational) Land launched, Land attack variant (operational) Land launched, Anti-Ship variant (In induction, tested December 10, 2010) Air launched, Anti-Ship variant (under development, expected completion 2012) Air launched, Land attack variant (under development, expected completion 2012) [4][22] Submarine launched, Anti-Ship variant (under development, expected completion 2011) Submarine launched, Land attack variant (under development, expected completion 2011) [23] BrahMos block II land variant (Design completed, 4 variants ready to test in February 2011) Brahmos block III land variant (Being inducted)[24] Operators India and Russia intend to make 2,000 BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles over the next ten years through their joint venture company, and nearly 50% of them are expected to be exported to friendly countries.[25] [edit] India [edit] Indian Navy 8 Hoả Tiễn Siêu Thanh Brahmos – Nam Phong tổng hợp www.vietnamvanhien.net Model of a frigate with vertical launched Brahmos.