The History of the Isma11liyya Tariqa in the Sudan: 1792-1914
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Past, Present, and Future FIFTY YEARS of ANTHROPOLOGY in SUDAN
Past, present, and future FIFTY YEARS OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN SUDAN Munzoul A. M. Assal Musa Adam Abdul-Jalil Past, present, and future FIFTY YEARS OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN SUDAN Munzoul A. M. Assal Musa Adam Abdul-Jalil FIFTY YEARS OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN SUDAN: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE Copyright © Chr. Michelsen Institute 2015. P.O. Box 6033 N-5892 Bergen Norway [email protected] Printed at Kai Hansen Trykkeri Kristiansand AS, Norway Cover photo: Liv Tønnessen Layout and design: Geir Årdal ISBN 978-82-8062-521-2 Contents Table of contents .............................................................................iii Notes on contributors ....................................................................vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................... xiii Preface ............................................................................................xv Chapter 1: Introduction Munzoul A. M. Assal and Musa Adam Abdul-Jalil ......................... 1 Chapter 2: The state of anthropology in the Sudan Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed .................................................................21 Chapter 3: Rethinking ethnicity: from Darfur to China and back—small events, big contexts Gunnar Haaland ........................................................................... 37 Chapter 4: Strategic movement: a key theme in Sudan anthropology Wendy James ................................................................................ 55 Chapter 5: Urbanisation and social change in the Sudan Fahima Zahir El-Sadaty ................................................................ -
Rituals of Islamic Spirituality: a Study of Majlis Dhikr Groups
Rituals of Islamic Spirituality A STUDY OF MAJLIS DHIKR GROUPS IN EAST JAVA Rituals of Islamic Spirituality A STUDY OF MAJLIS DHIKR GROUPS IN EAST JAVA Arif Zamhari THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/islamic_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Zamhari, Arif. Title: Rituals of Islamic spirituality: a study of Majlis Dhikr groups in East Java / Arif Zamhari. ISBN: 9781921666247 (pbk) 9781921666254 (pdf) Series: Islam in Southeast Asia. Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Islam--Rituals. Islam Doctrines. Islamic sects--Indonesia--Jawa Timur. Sufism--Indonesia--Jawa Timur. Dewey Number: 297.359598 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Islam in Southeast Asia Series Theses at The Australian National University are assessed by external examiners and students are expected to take into account the advice of their examiners before they submit to the University Library the final versions of their theses. For this series, this final version of the thesis has been used as the basis for publication, taking into account other changesthat the author may have decided to undertake. -
Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 1 No. 1; June 2014 Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism Shahida Bilqies Research Scholar, Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India. Sufism, being the marrow of the bone or the inner dimension of the Islamic revelation, is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. All Muslims believe in Unity as expressed in the most Universal sense possible by the Shahadah, la ilaha ill’Allah. The Sufi has realized the mysteries of Tawhid, who knows what this assertion means. It is only he who sees God everywhere.1 Sufism can also be explained from the perspective of the three basic religious attitudes mentioned in the Qur’an. These are the attitudes of Islam, Iman and Ihsan.There is a Hadith of the Prophet (saw) which describes the three attitudes separately as components of Din (religion), while several other traditions in the Kitab-ul-Iman of Sahih Bukhari discuss Islam and Iman as distinct attitudes varying in religious significance. These are also mentioned as having various degrees of intensity and varieties in themselves. The attitude of Islam, which has given its name to the Islamic religion, means Submission to the Will of Allah. This is the minimum qualification for being a Muslim. Technically, it implies an acceptance, even if only formal, of the teachings contained in the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet (saw). Iman is a more advanced stage in the field of religion than Islam. It designates a further penetration into the heart of religion and a firm faith in its teachings. -
Oldnubian.Pdf
CONTENTS Włodzimierz Godlewski, Adam Łajtar Foreword xiii Abbreviations xv Map xix GENERAL Eugenio Fantusati Three “Italian” graffiti from Semna and Begrawiya North ........................... 3 Gerald Lauche Sitte Masmas — the life and work of Gertrud von Massenbach (1883-1975) .............. 7 Samia Bashir Dafa’alla Macadam’s files. Notebooks and manuscripts in the personal custody of Professor Abdelgadir Mahmoud Abdalla ........................................................ 13 Constanza De Simone Activities for the preservation of Nubian heritage at the UNESCO Cairo Office ............ 19 Krzysztof Grzymski Gebel Adda revisited ...................................................... 25 Ahmed Siddig Babiker The contribution of archaeology to the Sudanese heritage ............................ 31 Faisal Mohd Musa Transference of kingship from the Anag to the Fung in the Sennar Kingdom .............. 35 FIELDWORK Claudia Na¨ser The Great Hafir at Musawwarat es-Sufra. Fieldwork of the archaeological mission of Humboldt University Berlin in 2005 and 2006 ............................................ 39 Azhari Mustafa Sadig Es-Sour, a Late Neolithic site in the neighborhood of Meroe. First and second seasons 2005–2006 47 Julie Rene´e Anderson and Salah el-Din Mohamed Ahmed Bread, the Staff of Life: recent discoveries at Dangeil, Sudan .......................... 55 Henryk Paner, Aleksandra Pudło, Zbigniew Borcowski Funerary customs in the GAME Fourth Cataract concession in the light of radiocarbon analysis ............................................................... -
Sudan September - November Briefing 2018
SUDAN SEPTEMBER - NOVEMBER BRIEFING 2018 Humanitarian Figures Highlights JUNE-AUGUST BRIEFING 2018 5.5 million About 58,000 people from the refugee and host communities in People in Sudan need > ‘open areas’ in Khartoum State will receive assistance, OCHA reports humanitarian assistance, according to a September- > Annual inflation rate reached 70 per cent by the end of September, October report by OCHA leading to a rise in the cost of living 2 million The Foreign Minister of Sudan attempts to promote bilateral > Internally Displaced People relations on European tour [IDPs] need support in Sudan. New crises are emerging in southern and eastern states Key Developments (UN Report) > In November, the European Union stated its readiness to work with 1.2 million Khartoum depending on internal reforms and compliance with Refugees are seeking asylum in international human rights law. The EU is urging Sudanese authorities Sudan. A total of 763,270 to respect the right to freedom of expression, press, access to people have travelled from information, association and peaceful assembly. South Sudan (UN Report) 4.8 million > T he US is considering lifting Sudan’s designation as a state sponsor People are living at emergency of terror. The associate director of the Human Rights Watch has levels of food insecurity in expressed fears that Sudan’s removal from the list could prevent the government from being held accountable for its “appalling” human Sudan, according to the Food rights record, and the move could allow violations to continue with Security Technical Secretariat impunity. (FSTS) 694,000 > The government has called on the Sudan People’s Liberation Children are suffering from Movement-North to allow deliveries of aid to reach vulnerable Severe Acute Malnutrition. -
Pan-Arabism V. Pan-Africanism in the Sudan: the Crisis of Divergent Ethnic Ideologies
Majak - Pall-Arahism v. Pall-Afr icallism Pan-Arabism v. Pan-Africanism in the Sudan: The Crisis of Divergent Ethnic Ideologies Jonathan A. Majak University of Wisconsin - La Crosse This article examines the nature and the extent of political and cultural conflict between Northern and Southern Sudanese. It describes and analyzes various attempts by Arab dominated regimes in the Sudan, since independence from Britain, to achieve national intergration through Pan-Arabist policies that seek to Islamize and Arabize the African and largely Christian South. The current military regime dominated by Muslim fundamentalists is trying to turn the Sudan into an Islamic republic. Not only has this brought about a civil war, but it has also alienated other Muslims in the North who favor a secular government. The Sudan is the largest country in Africa and the ninth largest in the world. It is larger than Texas and Alaska combined. It shares bor ders with nine African countries and with Saudi Arabia just across the Red Sea. The Sudan is often referred to as a microcosm of Africa in that it comprimises the Arab Muslim elements of North Africa and the Black African elements of sub-Sahara Africa. The Sudan is also characterized by certain dualisms and interesting dichotomies.1 It was, in theory, ruled by two colonial powers, Britain and Egypt, and was thus known as a condominium-the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Britain did the actual admin istration of the country. Two great rivers, the White Nile and the Blue Nile, dominate the Sudan. Khartoum, its capital, is dominated by two world religions, Islam and Christianity. -
Sufism and Tariqas Facing the State: Their Influence on Politics in the Sudan
Sufism and Tariqas Facing the State Sufism and Tariqas Facing the State: Their Influence on Politics in the Sudan Daisuke MARUYAMA* This study focuses on the political influence of Sufism and tariqas in the Sudan. Previous studies have emphasized the political influences of Sufi shaykhs and tariqas on Sudan’s history and demonstrated why and how Sufis and tariqas have exercised their political influence over time; however, the problem is that these researches are largely limited to only two particular religious orders, the Khatmµya order and the An≠±r, that have their own political parties. Therefore, this study stresses on the political importance of Sufis and tariqas without their own political parties and aims to reveal their presence in present Sudanese politics, with special references to the strategies and activities of the government and the remarks of Sufis at meetings held by several tariqas during the national election campaign in 2010. In order to reveal the influences of Sufism and tariqas without their own political parties in Sudanese politics, this study introduces four sections. The first section traces the historical transition of the political influences of Sufism and tariqa from the rudiment until the present Islamist government. The second section introduces the thoughts of Islamists toward Sufism in the Islamic Movement (al-≈araka al-Isl±mµya) such as the introduction of new terminology ahl al-dhikr (people that remember [All±h]), which accentuates the political attitude toward Sufism, and the third section deals with the policies and activities of the present government with regard to Sufism and tariqas, such as the foundation of the committee for Sufis and tariqas. -
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“I put my trust in God” (“Tawakkaltu ‘ala ’illah”) Word 2012 —Arabic calligraphy in nasta’liq script on an ivy leaf 42976araD1R1.indd 1 11/1/11 11:37 PM Geometry of the Spirit WRITTEN BY DAVID JAMES alligraphy is without doubt the most original con- As well, there were regional varieties. From Kufic, Islamic few are the buildings that lack Hijazi tribution of Islam to the visual arts. For Muslim cal- Spain and North Africa developed andalusi and maghribi, calligraphy as ornament. Usu- Cligraphers, the act of writing—particularly the act of respectively. Iran and Ottoman Turkey both produced varie- ally these inscriptions were writing the Qur’an—is primarily a religious experience. Most ties of scripts, and these gained acceptance far beyond their first written on paper and then western non-Muslims, on the other hand, appreciate the line, places of origin. Perhaps the most important was nasta‘liq, transferred to ceramic tiles for Kufic form, flow and shape of the Arabic words. Many recognize which was developed in 15th-century Iran and reached a firing and glazing, or they were that what they see is more than a display of skill: Calligraphy zenith of perfection in the 16th century. Unlike all earlier copied onto stone and carved is a geometry of the spirit. hands, nasta‘liq was devised to write Persian, not Arabic. by masons. In Turkey and Per- The sacred nature of the Qur’an as the revealed word of In the 19th century, during the Qajar Dynasty, Iranian sia they were often signed by Maghribıi God gave initial impetus to the great creative outburst of cal- calligraphers developed from nasta‘liq the highly ornamental the master, but in most other ligraphy that began at the start of the Islamic era in the sev- shikastah, in which the script became incredibly complex, con- places we rarely know who enth century CE and has continued to the present. -
Sudan, Imperialism, and the Mahdi's Holy
bria_29_3:Layout 1 3/14/2014 6:41 PM Page 6 bria_29_3:Layout 1 3/14/2014 6:41 PM Page 7 the rebels. Enraged mobs rioted in the Believing these victories proved city and killed about 50 Europeans. that Allah had blessed the jihad, huge SUDAN, IMPERIALISM, The French withdrew their fleet, but numbers of fighters from Arab tribes the British opened fire on Alexandria swarmed to the Mahdi. They joined AND THE MAHDI’SHOLYWAR and leveled many buildings. Later in his cause of liberating Sudan and DURING THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM, EUROPEAN POWERS SCRAMBLED TO DIVIDE UP the year, Britain sent 25,000 troops to bringing Islam to the entire world. AFRICA. IN SUDAN, HOWEVER, A MUSLIM RELIGIOUS FIGURE KNOWN AS THE MAHDI Egypt and easily defeated the rebel The worried Egyptian khedive and LED A SUCCESSFUL JIHAD (HOLY WAR) THAT FOR A TIME DROVE OUT THE BRITISH Egyptian army. Britain then returned British government decided to send AND EGYPTIANS. the government to the khedive, who Charles Gordon, the former governor- In the late 1800s, many European Ali established Sudan’s colonial now was little more than a British general of Sudan, to Khartoum. His nations tried to stake out pieces of capital at Khartoum, where the White puppet. Thus began the British occu- mission was to organize the evacua- Africa to colonize. In what is known and Blue Nile rivers join to form the pation of Egypt. tion of all Egyptian soldiers and gov- as the “scramble for Africa,” coun- main Nile River, which flows north to While these dramatic events were ernment personnel from Sudan. -
(Surat Al-Baqara: 200-201) There Are Men Who
SIJILL A WEEKLY NEWSLETTER OF FATEMIDAWAT.COM Issue 98 Fatemi Dawat Art and Architecure Series: Jame' Anwar Photo Essay. Featured updates: بسم الل ه الرحمن الرحيم مَنْ رَزَقَهُ الل ه ُ وَلاي َة َ ع َل ِي ب ِن ابيطالب ص ف َقَ ْد َأ َصا َب خَيْرَ الد ُنْي َا والآ ِخرةِ، ولا أ ُش ُك له ُ بِالجنَةِ، وإ نَ في ُح ِ ب ع َلي وَوَلاي َت ِهِ عِشْرِي َن َخ ْصل َة، عَش َرةً ٍ مِنها في الدُنيا وعَشَرةً في الآخرة* )1( الزهد بسم الل ه الرحمن الرحيم )2( والحرص على العلم )3( والورع في الدين QASIDA ME’AWIYYAH E-BOOK: )4( والرغبة في العبادة )5( وتوبة نصوح )6( فمَِ َن الن َا ِس مَن ي َقُو ُل رَب َن َا آتنَِا ف ِي الد ُنْي َا وَمَا ل َه ُ ف ِي Shukur-Recounting & Giving Thanks for the Achievements, Milestones & Ihsanaat of Syedna والقيام في الليل للصلوة )٧( والإياس من الخلق ا ْلآ ِخرَةِ مِ ْن خَل َا ٍق، وَمِ ْنه ُم م َن ي َقُو ُل رَب َن َا آتنَِا ف ِي RA Mohammed Burhanuddin (from Sijill 47) الد ُنْي َا َحسَن َةً وَف ِي الْآ ِخرَةِ َحسَن َةً وَقِن َا ع َذَا َب الن َارِ، )8( والحفظ للقرآن )9( وبغض الدنيا (Surat al-Baqara: 200-201) (Rasulullah SAW) There are men who say: " Lord! He who is given the bounty (rizq - rozi) Give us (Thy bounties) in this of the valaayat of Ali has attained the world!" but they will have no goodness of this world and the portion in the Hereafter. And there Hereafter, and I do not doubt that he are those who say: "O Lord! Grant will enter jannat. -
PRIDE and VILIFICATION - TWO TRIBAL VIEWPOINTS L
PRIDE AND VILIFICATION - TWO TRIBAL VIEWPOINTS l In countries with a tribal diversity, such as the Sudan, one en counters the view that tribalism is divisive and consequently detrimental to the progress of the country. This view is to be found mainly among educated people who dislike the fact that tribalism is still prevalent in the ordering of their lives both in rural areas and in urban centres. But despite their apparent aversion to the persistence of tribalism, these same educated people are proud of their tribal background and they are the first to defend their tribes against criticism. This reaction against tribalism is based on certain controversial assumptions: that tribalism is an anachronistic form of organization and a parochial means of identity, that it creates conflicts and divisions between people, that it perpetuates favouritism, and that it is an unfashionable or a backward way of looking at society. According to the historical and political circumstances of a particular country, it may happen that a colonial power is blamed for the perpetuation of tribalism and the exploitation of tribal differences. The alternative aim expressed by educated people is the creation of a new national identity in which cultural, linguistic and political uniformities should prevail. Nevertheless, it is the case that the same educated people who· shun tribalism are seen to act in a manner which not only fur thurs the interests of their own tribe, but also inclines to wards the prominence of one tribe over others. In a multi-tribal society such as the Sudan, it is not sur prising that people should emphasize or accentuate their tribal identity. -
Mpub10110094.Pdf
An Introduction to Chaghatay: A Graded Textbook for Reading Central Asian Sources Eric Schluessel Copyright © 2018 by Eric Schluessel Some rights reserved This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, California, 94042, USA. Published in the United States of America by Michigan Publishing Manufactured in the United States of America DOI: 10.3998/mpub.10110094 ISBN 978-1-60785-495-1 (paper) ISBN 978-1-60785-496-8 (e-book) An imprint of Michigan Publishing, Maize Books serves the publishing needs of the University of Michigan community by making high-quality scholarship widely available in print and online. It represents a new model for authors seeking to share their work within and beyond the academy, offering streamlined selection, production, and distribution processes. Maize Books is intended as a complement to more formal modes of publication in a wide range of disciplinary areas. http://www.maizebooks.org Cover Illustration: "Islamic Calligraphy in the Nasta`liq style." (Credit: Wellcome Collection, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/chengwfg/, licensed under CC BY 4.0) Contents Acknowledgments v Introduction vi How to Read the Alphabet xi 1 Basic Word Order and Copular Sentences 1 2 Existence 6 3 Plural, Palatal Harmony, and Case Endings 12 4 People and Questions 20 5 The Present-Future Tense 27 6 Possessive