I

I The New* aie of the Auti.Apartheid Msumnt lop Will vote at gem-ps~w The apartheid reg Namibia has implicat rest of Southem Afri that it will glve all-coei the 'internal deal' in agw ocsain the to the fishlnin South The British Gout a staric choice - to i African liberation sti confront South Afric maintain its tradition with the racist regine Salisbury and Pretori The Anti-Aprthe urges the British Goy join with the other W in blockading South supporting UN mand It ppels to al t thousawds of people abhor aparthaid andr act with it ins thhitin On October 21 tbe Apartheid Moveent national march and ri call on the Governisg ment the UN arms be Imes aonol on ions for the w. t Omten Rhodesia and t itwill fight IAfrica itself. arranst now has d. with the uigle and m or to a] alliance sin a. id Movement ernmsent to "etern powers Africa and story saneracialiom to oft "riis. aAntihs called a ally hich will .nt timspjestand impose econsomic sanctons againstousth thiat of the BritishpeoplelienotAfric. . withthewhite minority regies. We ask allour suppoters to but with the peop of Sothem moblise to show that the sympa- Africa who are struggling for their freedom. 'BRITAIN MUST IMPO SANCTONS'- SWAPO WesternEurope, Shapua drectlyr or indirectlybypuppet& 'Kaukungtsa,hasmadethe SouithAfrica'sactionisa followingstatement: challengenotonlytothepeopleof SOUTH Africa has declaredUOUI in Namibia, but to the world commuNamibia. It is declaration of war nity and especially the Western against the Namibianp eopi. countries and the UN. SIAO isn urprisedta h WecallupontheUNtoimple- all along the Sdth A ria ment its proposals and to see that Governmmnt has n nsncere and free and fair elections are held in dishonest in deaing withv the indje- Namlibia under UNcontreol. Unless pendence issue. It istvery clear that elections are super'ised bythe UN, the South African overnmeint, SWAPO cannot parti .ciIpate. together with its Western allies, has We call on the people of Britain been deliberately delaying genuine to suppsort the struggle in Namibia independence for Namibia. led bySWAPO. Wea/ilon t .o SWAPO is left with no alterna- British Goenmnt to support our tive but to step up its war of struggebiitiat nsr ationagis Iliberation. We cannot tolerate the Southb Africa - including a total indefinite illegal occupation of our ecnfntiC boycott. Mobilise for October 21! Among the organisations sponsoring the rally are: Iron & Steel Tradef Contqdlion Civil and Public Service Asociation AUIEW (Onaloasrinsg totion) SOGAT Musicians Union National Unio, of Minaorkeni (Scotland, Yorslire, Ketm, North esters. Nottingho nd oi Sooth W.I., areas) NATSOPA t(London (hin Flrencheo) ASLEF TGWVU (Reions 2 ands 9) 14ATPFHE Soty of Clotl and otiuic Young5 Fabiono NAtional Unaion of Students Ifatonal Union ofSchol So far coaches to the rally hare been arranged from: Cardiff, Southampton, Leeds, Sheffield, Lancaster, Loughborough and Norwich. Derails from AAM. Posters, leaflets and other publicity material from: AAM, 89 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2DQ Tel Ol-58053t, !A)7 Anti-Apartheid News AAM calls SA D toncement a has rejected )is a declarae people of them Africa. i shot through Iot them ,ansigence of But it offered i hope for a dence in to more lves te negotie,erything it clear the way .ber, it offered ith South )f thep UN plan .is r

* Papg2 An 74plqrheid Newws. .. Q - jsr 1-978 ANTI APARTHEID ACTION - NATIONWIDE: Britain Glasgow MORE than 1060 people demonstrated outside Glasgow City Chambers on Septenber 6, when Lord Provost David Hodge entertained the South African ambassador. Matthys Botha, to lunch. The demonstration was the climax of a long and widelysupported campaign for the cancellation of the visit. Six Labour MPs, Labour, Scottish Nationalist and Liberal Councillors, delegations from several shop stewards committees and other trade union bodies, church representatives and Janey Buchan, Scottish Chairman of the Labour Party, were among those taking part. Many other organisations and individuals had requested the Lord Provost to cancil the lunch, includingthe Glasgow District Council itself. The Provost has since been expelled from the Labour Group on the Council. Glasgow Anti-Apartheid Movementis planning to hold a sponsored walk on September 17, which it hopes will raise around £200. Contact: John Nelson, 3 Rosevale Crescent, Hamilton, Lanarkshire. 'el Hamilton 26781. Scotland EAST Kilbride Trades Council held a public meetingon September 14, which was addressed by David Hemson of SACTU. It is hoped that this will lead to the formation of a new Anti-Apartheid Group. On September 15 Datid Henson spoke at a Clydebank public meeting attended by over 80 people, together with Shirley Talbot of the ANC and Revd lain Whyte of AAM. Scottish AAM held a day conference on 'Women and Apartheid' on September 16, at which the speakers were David Hemson, Shirley Talbot, Jean Middleton and Jane Phakathi of the Christian Institute. The conference was attended by more than 40 people from a wide range of organisations. Contact: John Nelson, Secretary, Scottish AAM, 3 Rosevale Crescent, Hamilton, Lanarkshire. Tel Hamilton 26781. Southwark A NEW Anti-Apartheid Group is being formed in Southwark, London. Anyone interested in joining the group, contacteStve Spencer at The Edward Rudolf Schopl, 62 Overbill Road, Dulwich, London SE22. Tel 693 2527. Leicester LEICESTER Anti-Apartheid Group is holding its annual general meeting on October 8 at 7 pm at Friends Meeting House, Queen's Road, Leicester. A representative from SWAPO.will speak at the meeting. The Group's September meeting was addressed by Kennedy Cruickshank of ZIMA (Zimbabwe Medical Action). It also held a very successful social to raise funds for AAM on September 9. Contact: Shantum Set, 18St Albans Road, Leicester. Tel Leices ter 548679, Camden CAMDENWAnti-Apartheftl'Grouss sponsored walk for Soweto on June 24 -aised over £530. Forty-one walkers took part - and Fred, the dog, who was tponsored for £15. Camden AA Held a placard demonstration ih Swiss Cottage to publicise the case of Solomon Mahlangu On October 20 the Amandla Folk Group and People's Stage will give an evening of song, music, poetry and sketches from and abosat Sooth Africa, Contact; Ost Glynn, Tel 794 3546, Croydon CROYDON Anti Apartheid Group is collecting clothing for Zimebwean refugees, Contributions can be handed into the AUEW Office, 8 South End, Croydon, Croydon Warehouse Theatre has been displaying anti-apartheid posters during the three-week run of 'Cut the Grass so we can see the Elephants'. Contact: U Alexis, 44 l urley Oaks Road, Sanderstead, Surrey, Tel 660 9921. Barnet BARNET Anti-Apartheid Group is planning to hold a meeting with local church leaders as a firststep in an educational drive on Southern Africa in the local community. The Group is carrying on with its regular Saturday morning sales of AA NEWS in local shopping centres, Offers of help and enquiries about Barnet AA Group's activities to: Frank Edwards, tel 446 4065; or Liz Backhurst,449 1818. SurreySURREY Anti Apartheid Movement has written to Foreign Secretary David Owen asking him to intervene with the South African Government on belalf of AK C militnt Solomon Malangu who is under sentence of death. Surrey AA is also appealingfor funds to pay the defence costs of the Chairman of Sutton AA Committee, Rupee Singh, who was recently cleared of a charge of assaulting a policeman. She was arrested during a picket of a school in Brixton where the National Front was holding a meeting last April. Although the charge against her was dismissed, she has been refused legal aid. So far Surrey AAM has raised E160 towards a legal bill of £214.56. THE Anti-Apartheid Movement's 'Apartheid in Practice' poster series won an award at the Inter, national Poster Biennial held in Warsaw during the summer. Exeter THE West Country group 'Amandla' is to go on tour with its special programme of songs and poems about South Africa in October. The Group will perform at the Bristol Flier, Gloucester Road, Bristol, at 8 pm on Saturday October 14; at the People's Stage, Totnes, on Sunday October 15; and at Barnfield Theatre, Exeter, on Tuesday October 17, On October 20 it will appear at a fund-raising evening organised by Camden AA Group in London, and on October 21 will put on a show in Cambridge. Amandla is willing to perform at events arranged by AA and other groups. For detailsrcontact: Mervyn Bennun, Connetts, Halsford Wood Lance, Nadderwater, Exeter. Tel 039-281 384. NUS AAM THE NUS-AAM network of student activists on Southern Africa will discuss plans for the coming session at a meeting in London on September 23. In meny universities and colleges student anti-apartheid societies are planning activities during Freshers Week, especially to alert new students to the role which Barclays Bank plays in South Africa. Students interested in campaigning on Southern Africa contact: Garth Strachan, Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte Street, London WIP 2DQ. Hants police HAMPSHIRE Police Force is sending police cadets for training in South Africa - despite protests from Southampton Community Relations Council, Southampton AA Group and Bryan Gould, one of -Southampton's two Labour MPs. The cadets are sent for a year through Project Trust, a charity based on the Isle of Coil, Argyleshire Two cadets are in Johannesburg working in a home for Coloured boys and a third is in a similar home in the Transvaal. There is also a cadet attached to a home for Coloured girls in Durban and another at a YWCA near Durban. Project Trust has 18 volaflehrs, including the police cadets, in South Africa. Black groups in Southampton are strongly opposed to this training. In a press statement the Community Relations Council objected 'to these arrangements which expose young cadets to a grossly unjust system and then plants them back again in our community, Anti-apartheid supporters are asked to protest to the Home Office and Project Trust and to investigate where their local police forces are sending cadets for overseas training. Further information: David Hoadley, Southampton AA Group, 82 Charlton Road, Shirley, Southampton. Netherlands Amsterdam AMSTERDAM's Pretoriusplein city square was renamed Steve Bikoplein at a special ceremony on August 21. The square - in Amsterdam's 'Transvaal' district - was previously named after the 19th century Boer leader Andries Pretorius, The Mayor of Amsterdam reminded the crowd of the Nazi holocaust in the city. 'We know what racial discrimination mpans, and this symbolic gesture is in honour of all those political prisoners and detainees who have, died in South Africa.' Mayibuy * also performed at the ceremony, Afterwards the International Defence and Aid Fund photographic exhibition of the 1976 Soweto uprisings was opened by the Fundsls President, Canon Collins. aa groups THE Anti-Apartheid Movement has groups in the following areas. For details of how to contact them. contact the AAM Office. Aberdeen Htastings Banutead Huddersfield Barnet Ipswich Birmingham Lambeth ,Blackpool Leeds Bradford Leicester Brighton Liverpool Bristol. Loughborough Burnley Manchester Cambridge NewhamandSouthEssex Camden Northampton Canterbury Norwich Cardiff Nottingham Chelmsford OldT,afford Cranrook Oxford Colchester Peneth Coventry Poole Croydon Reigateand Redhill Dundee Rugby Easthourne St Austell Edinburgh Sheffield Epsom Skelmersdale Enfield Highway Southampton Exeter , Stoke on Trent Glasgow Sutton Greenwich WestLondon Hackney West Lothian Hariney Anti Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlofte Street, LondonWIP 2D0 Tel 01-580 5311 TH. Anti-Apartheid Movement banner is carried into the stadium at the opening ceremony of the 11th Festival of Youth and Students held in Havans, Cubuain August. Anti-Apartheid organisationa from all over the world were represented. There were big contingents from the Southern African liberation movements and one of the main issues of the Festival was the struggle against racism and colonialism, especially in Southern Africa, v'An1?~AHheidNewsr ctsr178 :Pj3 Police kill two in Crossroads raid TWO men have been shot dead, a baby was crushed to death and scores of people were badly beaten in a series of police raids on the squatter camp at Crossroads, near Cape Town. In the second big raid on September 14, about 600 police storned the camp after firing huge quantities of teargas. They arrested hundreds of Crossroads residents on charges of breaking the pass laws. A Roman Catholic naun, Sister Benigna, told what happened on the night of September 13-14. She said that the squatters had advance warning of the raid and in the early hours of the morning gathered in ,'groups around fires, waiting for the police-to arrive. S'When the police came we couldn't count all the vehicles. At 100 we gave up counting. Men in camouflage uniforms then formed groups of 20 to 30 and tried to get into the camp. 'They fired a strange red ball of firer which we have never before seen, over the camp. The most terrible gas hit us. It caused e hot, acrid, burning sensation.' Sister Benigna said police bombarded the camp with tearges for almost two hours, but they cquld not break through to the huts. 'The residents formed into groups opposite the police, jibing end jeering, and often laughter broke out,' she said. Then came the first fatal casualty, when Sindile Ndleia was shot dead by the polica Residonts crowded around his body and would rsot iqtthe police come near. "Someone sad "There he lies, all for the sake of a pas - a life for a piece of paper" And then people said goodbye to him. The raid was over.' At dawn the police returned end broke through into the camp: they were still arresting people at 10 am. They shot dead a second man, Fenel. Manyasna, who died of a bullet wound in his chest. Meanwhile the South African authorities have again said that they will demolish Crossroads before the end of the year. Crossroas residents live in appalling conditions of discomfort, poor sanitation and no medical or other facilities. But the alternative National Front sets up new branch in South Africa THE National Front has again At the Frot's London headrevealed its true colours - this quarters, a spokesman sald: 'We time by setting up a branch in hop to get going in a big wayin South Africa. And it has admitted South Africa. We believe that that the Front in Britain receives ' people of British descent and 'small donations' from like-minded Afrikaners will welcome the South Africans. relationship with us.' Thefounderofthe new South Hebelievedthat the Front's African branch is Jack Noble, who South African branch would 'go says that Africans are 'inferior - from strength to strength'. mentally, genetically and biolgi- Meanwhile in Britain, after cally - and their savagery is never being forced to leave residential far from the suraace', premises in Teddington, the He told the Johannesburg Star Front has opened a new heedthat he does not agree with quarters at 73 Great Eastern National Party policies in South Street, Shoreditch, within walking Africa - whichheseesas distance of Brick Lane. 'disastrously liberal'. Mercenaries promote 'Wild Geese' FORMER mercenaries are being used to publicise the film 'Wild Geese'. In Cardiff the cinema manager placed adverts in the local press asking for any former mercenaries living locally to come forward. They were asked to attend a special preview and attract attention to the film. Three did attend: but the publicity was not all of the sort that the cinera wanted. The preview was picketed by the Cardiff [jim AA Group, who have also protested to the distributors, Rank. The film concerns the activities of a small group of white mercenaries in Africa. Richard Burton, one of the stars of the film, when asked whether he felt happy playing a mercenary, told a BBC interviewer last month that he thought 'mercenaries were out of business'. The TV film programme presenter, Barry Norman, said that he thought the film would go down wall in South Africa. for most of them is for husbands to live in bachelor 'barracks' and for women and children to move to remotacnd impoverisded 'homelands (see September AA NEWS). The peopleof Crossroads have organised themselves to police their settlement ard to improve the general living conditions, They have dereloped a remarkable community spirit. Crossroads is the lest of the big squatter camps still standing near Cape Town. The others - Modderdam, Unibell and Werkgenot - have been razed to the ground and their people dispersed. BANNED!, ALL Anti-Apartheid Movement publications have been banned in South Africa - in terms of a notice published in the Government Gazette on September 1 1978. From now on it will be illegal to import any material published by the British AAM into South Africa. Soweto walks raise cash for ANC school A GRAND total of £2936 was raised from the countrywide sponsored Walks for Soweto orgenised by AA local groups on June 24. The cash will go to the African National Congress Freedoma School in Tanzania and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. At the Local AA Groups Workshop held in Leicester, September 9-10, plans were discussed for another day of sponsored walks next year. Preparations for these are already beginning. For any group wanting to hold a sponsored walk this year, sponsor forms are still available,. Contact: Chris Child, AAIM 89Charlotte St, London W1P 2DQ. Tel 015480 5311. WHEN APARTHEID WAS A DIRTY WORD SOUTH Africa didn't get a mention ship Award to Gary Player - and at the Springbok Association's non- said he did not inow what country celebration of its tenth anniversary he came from. at the Royal Commonwealth Hemust havehopedforbetter Society building on September 18. 'things from the Association's other The Association's plan badly meetings - in Coventry, Nottingbackfired when the Commonwealth ham, Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Society discovered that the Interns- Portsmouth and Brighton. tional Friendship Association, in If the results of the recruitment whose name a room was booked, campaign run by the Association's was really a front for the pro-white sister organisetion in South Africa South African Springbok Assoca&- are anything to go by, he won't get ton. them. It was alerted by the Anti- The Friends of the Springbok Apartheid Movement, which spent £80,000 on an advertising planned to protest outside the campaign designed to produce building if the meeting went 50,000 new Springbok Association ahead. ,members.Infactitgained6000 The Royal Commonwealth an outiayof over £13 for each Society told the Association's recruit. President, Stuart Weaving, that An annual subscription to the the meeting could only go ahead if Association costs £1.60 - so the there was no South Afsican props- whole operation lends credence to ganda and no mention of his speculation in the South African orgenisations. press that the recruiting campaign So it came about that a glum was paid for by the South African crowd of Springbok Association Department of Information. supporters sat watching films about And if there is still any doubt the beauties of Canada and Austr- how the Association keeps going, lie - without even a sip of Cape one has only to look at the guest wine to cheerthem up. list forits anniversarycelebrations BitterlyStuart Weaving in South Africa. attacked the Royal Common- Among those preont wee the wealth Society and announced his Chief of the South African Defence resignation. Morosely he presented Force General Magnus Malan, and the Springok Association's Friend- Sports Minister Koornhof. Apartheid academic told 'Wedon'twanty here' APARTHEID academic, Jan .itinerarywas then change d - to Bekker, received a far from warm include trips to Manchester Uiverwelcome during his British Council- sity, North London Polytechnic sponsored trip to the UK in Sept- and Birmingham University. ember. In accordance with its general Professor Bekker is an Associate policy on South Africa, the AssocProfessor at the segregated African ation of University Teachers University of Zululand. He is instructed its members to refuse to particularly disliked by students meet him. there as a former President of the AAM Chairman Bob Hughes MP Bantu Appeals Court, which. has written to Foreign Secretary administers the Pest Laws. David Owen asking why te visit The first engagement of his was allowed to go ahead and for programme - at the University of- full information about the British East Anglia - was called off when Council's links with South Africa. the invitation to him was with- I particular he asked whether drawn. tripssuchasBakker'saresponIJEA'sexamplewasfollowedby soredfinancially by the Council the Polytechnic of Central London and Sumsex University. which also and what criteria the Council uses withdrew invitations to-dekker. His in choosing its guests. Lisbon meeting delegates to visit fr6nt-line states ANTI-Apartheid Movement Chairman Bob Hughes MP will be one of a delegation from the Continuation Committee set up by last year's Lisbon Conference against Apartheid, which will visit front-line States in October. The other members of the delegation are Cyprus Socialist Party leader Vassos Lyssarides, who was Secretary-General of the Lis-n Conference, Dr Silas Carquei'a. its Executive Secretary and Secretary of Portugal's National AA Committee, and Joe le, Director of Foreign Affairs of the African National Congress I They will visit Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique and Angola to hold high-level discussions about the future work of the Continuation Comm,+tte. The Committee held its -inaugural meeting in London in March and has since set up a permanent Secretariat with a London office. It will work to implement the decisions taken by the Lisbon Conference and to stimulate and coordinate international antiapartheid campaigns. Presidents Seretse Khama, Julius Nyerere, Samora Machel and Agostinho Neto were patroos of the Lisbon Conference and it was attended by liberation movement leaders Oliver Tambo of theANC, Sam Nuloma of SWAPO and Robert Mugebe and Joshua Nkomo of the Zimbabwe Patriotic Front. The next meeting of the conferonce's Continuation Committee will take place in November in Paris.

,Page 4 , Anti-Apartheid Nawa;e .--., Ooshbmer1978 How thes men are trying to sabotage a liberated Zimbabwe X Tl el^ *WHIr'ES MANU TO AVOID DEFE WHITE Rhodesia as a political escalate despite every military force has virtually no capacity for effort of the regime, both within constructive initiative left. But it Zimbabwe and against neighbouring retains both the will and the States, to defeat the Patriotic Front. ablfitY to lay the.foundations for It now seems that the regime is destructive forces, in addition to concentrating its defence in urban those already built by settler rule, areas, leaving white farmers to Graceful surrender to the inevi- defend themselves with the aid of table victory of national liberation some black troops. The Tribal is not a quality possessed by this Trust Lands will, in many areas, be Western (and allegedly Christian) 'defended' by the private armies civilisation. The cheap trick and which Smith is allowing his Execu the devious short-term expedient tive Council to build up. are still the natural Rhodesian SMITH is pursuing apparentresponse to the demand for ly contradictory policies. He fundamental change. "hascalle for round-able We need to constantly remind ourselves of the basic facts in'the .talks and at the same time struggle to liberate Zimbabwe. This 'has mounteibig new attacks is vital if we are to maintain an on ZambiaandMozambiqu,overallperspective Hehasalsocracked downon If - as Rhodesians are constant- the mess organisations of the ly assured - the. Executive Council Patriotic Front, ZAPU and rules a happy black population and the People's Movement. there is no war, then the shooting REG AUSTIN analyses the down of a commercial airliner is a currert situation and shows gratuitously shocking act, instead that Smith has nowhere to of an act of war. To anyone aware of the reality, the idea of Air Rhodesia's holiday flights to Thirdly, there is massive political Kariba is as absurd as Lufthansa support for the Patriotic Front flights through liberated France to parties (ZAPU and the Peoples' Paris during World War II. Movement) inside the country. The fundamental facts are There have been widespread defecfirstly that a war of national tions from Muzorewa's United liberation - currently the largest African National Council (UANC) of its kind - is being fought by the and Sithole's ZANU. Rallies and freedom fighters of the Patriotic meetings which were to be Front. This war is going on addressed bytheir leaders have throughout Zimbabwe, including attracted audiences ranging from the towns and cities. Casualties, nobody to only a few hundred. still mainly among rural black This has happened everywhere, not supporters of the Patriotic Front, only in rural arias where the are running at about 40 men, presence of guerrillas could provide women and children every day. an excuse.. Secondly, the war continues to This Ias clearly alarmed the black puppets in the Executive Council so that they have required their manipulators to take steps to protect their credibility. Hence the regime's return to political repression and the threatened 'liquidation' of the Patriotic Front. These fats help to explain some 'of the contie:dictions in rent .events. Among these are Smith's apparent readiness to abandon the 'internal settlement' and discuss with the Nigerian Foreign Minister and Patriotic Front leader Joshua Nkomo the possibility of transferring power to the Patriotic Front. Then there were the allegations that guerrillas murdered survivors of the downed Air Rhodesia Viscount. This provided the basis for the Executive Council's desperate moves to salvage the deteriorating situation by detaining several hundred officials and supporters of ZAPU and the Patriotic Movement, confiscating their property and freezing their bank accounts. The regime has undertaken punitive raids against guerrilla forces and their supporters. It has also introduced conscription (which it can hardly finance) for the black population. All this is essentially designed to rally Rhodesian morale. White Rhodeslans will not be encouraged to consider the significance of another recent event British perfidy on oil sanctions. White racism may lead Rhodesians to baulk at becoming pawns fighting for black puppets (even those approved by Smith). But even the revelation of collusion between their leaders, the British Governmentand the oil companies will not make them realise that they have enjoyed their privileges in return for service to vested Western economic interests. If they did thisk the situation through, they would have to conclude that the combination of their arrogant racism and their bluff, which the liberation movement and its allies were prepared to call, had trapped them in a cruel war. Instead Rhodesianswill remain essentially as they are now, frightened and confused. Their sole certainty - that they are fighting mindless barbaric killers -will be relentlessly exploited to rally them and, they hope, the Western world against the Patriotic Front. White Rhodesians may betoo trapped by their situation and their attitudes to avoid this tactic: those fortunate enough to be able to judge the situation more objectively must avoid the trap. Miners shot by police FOUR mineworkers were shot dead and five injured, four of them seriously, when police opened fire on a crowd of striking miners at the Mangula copper mine on August 15. The day before the entire 1800strong African workforce at the mine had stopped work in protest against the inadequacy of recent pay increases. A Rhodesian police spokesman said that at 3.30 am on August 15 a crowd of about 1700 strikersassembled at the mine offices. By 5.30 am the crowd, which now included many miners' families, had swollen to about 3000 people Police fired teargas, but the strikers tried to break through the police barricade in front of the offices. Police then opened fire. Mine officials said the strike appeared to be rooted in political unrest caused by unemployment in the area. ZAPU is known to be active in the surrounding region. Earlier this year workers went on strike at the Wankie colliery, in the extreme ndrth west of Rhodesia, and at the Shabani mining complex ,in the south. More than 500 African chrome miners at the Peak Mine owned by a subsidiary of the US Union Carbide Corporation were sacked at the end of July after going on strike NEW Terror spread by private armies THE Smith regime is conniving at the forming of private armies by the black members of Rhodesia's Executive Council which are terrorising Africans in some parts of the country. The armies are being recruited by Bishop Muzorewa, Revd Sithole and Chief Chirau from among their own followers or simply from the unemployed youths now present in the townships in large numbers. African MPs have asked why these 'auxiliaries' are not being fully integrated into the Rhodesian Security Forces as provided for under the terms of the 'internal settlement', but are being allowed -.to operate as separate entities. The MP for Nstshonananga, M Bhebe, told the Rhodesian House of Assembly: 'This is the beginning of civil war in Rhodesia - take it from me, some parts of my constituency have been already invaded by the so called guerrillas and the constituents have no comfort at all.' Another MP, W Chimpaka, protested that the blackmembers of the Executive Council had been allowed to establish 'private barracks' whose occupants were little better than armed gangsters who had been 'roaming around the country threatening people to join .their various parties'. Chief Chirau has his headquarters in the Zvimba Tribal Trust Land, 50 kilometres south west of Sinoia, while armed bands owing allegiance to Sithole have been alleged to be operating near Gokwe and in the Copper Queen Purchase Area. According to ZAPU (Patriotic Front) three new training camps for forces loyal to Muzorewa and Sithole have been set upatShabani. Gwelo and Chirundu, with training facilities for 4000 men. Thatcher backs Smith deal TORY leader Margaret Thtcher thinks that Rhodesit has made 'progress' as a result of the 'internal settlement'. In a debate in the Rhodesian parliament on August 16, a Rhodesian Front MP rose to his feet waving a letter from Margaret Thatcher to the Women for Rhodesia Movement. In it she thanked the organisation for the literature it had sent her and said that she hoped that the settlement would 'command the approval of the international community' and lead to th lifting of sanctions.

Antl'Apartheid Newf ,, o i GcllbW1978 5page 5 scouts as gu( TWO first-hiand acc~ounts of how the Smith regime's Seious Scouts pose as guerrilla fighters were given to a lawyers' delegation which visited three front-line states in Augsust. In Zambia the four-nember mission - from the international Associatlon of Democratic Lawyers - interviewedmore than 20 teen age girls who hpad recently come from Zimbabweg. They were at Victory Caup, just outside Lusaka. One of them, 17-yea, old Tiyiwe Ngwenya, told how her father had helped to bury a guerrilla killed by the security fortes. When soldiers came to arrest her fasily, s he wet taken to Plumtree prison and locked up with eight other women and girls - one of thems aged 10. Every day she was beaten morning and night and she was made to watch her mother receive electric shocks ' For the whole time in prison, they Were left with the decomposing corpse of the guerrilla in their cell. Af ter three months they were taken to their village and soldiers s t fire to all the huts to make an example of what happened to people who helped guerrillas. Then she saw a Selous Scout put on a uniform that had been worn by the dead gterrille and go off wit lstwo others dressed the same. I later learned they went to our village and tod six boys and three girls they wOuld bring them to Zambia for training. They agreed to 1go. After a certain distance they told them to waitwhile they had a look. Then when they had gone other units came and shot them down.' The other account was from a man who claimed to have been a member of the regime's security forces and to have taken part in the massacre of missionaries at Elim Mission Station on June:23. pose 'We were ordered- to collect all the whites there from the mission. We took them by force and they said: "Comrades, how can you do this to us" , 'We hit them with sticks and tied them with ropes. We captured seven of them, five adults and two child ren. We interrogatedthem for information about terrorists,' Then some of the villagers were awakened by the noise and so the white commanding officer, Section Office Dowson, gave the order to shoot the missionaries. 'We lined them up. I was one of those who fired. After killing them we wrote placards saying "Down with Smith. Forward the ZANLA forces".' Flint also said that here were two South African security police in his unit. The members of the International Association of Democratic Lawyers mission were: Paulette Pirson- Mathy, Senior Lecturer in International Law at the University of Brussels; Rudy Schware of the US National Lawyers Guild; Lauren Andersen, representative of the US National Conference of Black Law' yers at the UN,' and Richard Harvey of the Haldane Society. This information is taken from a report of the mission's findings by Richard Harvey which is to appear in the bulletin of the Haldane Society. SCHOOLCHILDREN FLEE SMITH TROO SINCE the 'internal settlement' of March 3 the daily number of refugees leaving Zigmbwe has dou3cbled,. Refugees are cuntendy fleeing Zimbabwe at the rate of around 200 a day. Earlier thisyear MAGGIE BLACK, who went to Africa as a UN volunteer, visited a refugee camp near Lusaka which now houses 6000. children. IN an open clearing set a little apart from the rows of tents and the few dilapidated buildings, the young girls are patiently waiting, lined up in a great serni-circle. It would be unthinkable not to greet the visitors, especially as they are being escorted by Joshua Nkomo himself, President of ZAPU. The tented 'camp' - the site of the only primary school for refugee children from Rhodesia - is located 15 miles along a rutted road outside of Lusaka. Here, cut off from their homes and families, 6000 young people are being looked after and given some basic education by the Patriotic Front. It the numbers that are difficult to grasp. Early in 1977 plans were drawn tp to build on this site a school for 500 school-age youngsters then being accommodated at the ZAPU reception camp in Botswana. Since then the numbers of children fleeing from Rhodesia have risen dramatically. The plans have had to be revised twice - first to accommodate 3000 children and now to cope with 6000. According to Opert Mats alaga. ZAPU's Director offSchools, the reason why so many yo~ung people are on the run has principadly to do with the styleof Rhodesian security operations, 'Children are much more mobile than older people and are therefore singled out for attention by the security forces, because they are assumed to have more information on the whereabouts of guerrillas. Most of the children at the school are in their early teens. It is difficult to imagine that so many young people of this age would make on their own the momentous decision to leave their home But it ibeIevable in a rural African context, where children grow up very early, often shouldering family responsibilities such as herding cattle and child-minding from the age Of five or six. It is also extremely unlikely that anyone would wish on themselves an organisetional and educationac hteadache such as shis in suth adverse conditions. Looking round at those girln' faces, talk of abduction seems absurd. At ZAPU's school in the bush, there is at least the solidarity of being together with other children from home. But the maority are lining in tents, with only a thin waterpeof sheet between their bodies and the wet ground. Two large hangar-type warehouses provide the only sizeable shelters at the moment and are being used as bunk bedded dormitories. Food is cooked on wood and charcoal camp fires under a makeshift shelter and dished up on UNICEF- donatad plates and bowls. Three times a day, all the-children queue up for maize-meal porridge, a dollop of meat and vegetable sauces, and a cup of milk. Lessons take place, weather permitting, under the trees, with the bare minimum of blackboards and -chalk. With the children's shorts and dresses hanging from the tent guy ropes to dry,it is hard to imagine that the 26 classes of grade-one pupils are able to learn anything much more academic than how to wash their socks and keep clean and tidy in ankle-deep mud. This is part of a more extended article which appeared in UNICEF News, WCC defends grant to Patriotic Front THE World Council of Churches grant of £40,000 to the Patriotic Front will be used to help those who are ssffering from the stepping up of the war in Zimbabws. In a statement ansoring critics of the grant the WCC stressed that it was for food, health, social. educational and agricultural programmes for Zimbabe refugees in Botswana. Mozmbique and Zambia. It said that its 'com-mitment to non violent change is clear: but that does not mean it must desert those in need of humanitarian support when their struggle turns violent.' It went nn: 'The grant by no means aligns the WCC with all the policies and pronouncements Of the Patriotic Front.' Commenting on the recent massacres of rissionaries In Rhodesiathe WCC noted that they had received reports of at least one unit of the Rhodesian Army - the Selous Scouts - disguising them selves as freedom fightersand commiuting atrocities that am blamed on the liberation movements 'Exactly who killed the missipnaries is at least open to iuastior, ' the WCC's statement said. It stressed that the grant to the Patnitic Front came from specially designated gifts: these calme from member churches and individuals and from the governments of Sweden, Norway and the Nethertands. In August the Salvation Army suspended its membership of the WCC because it opposes the grant. The WCC stated that it 'deeply regrets' this action and trusts 'that the arlswers to the questions raised will enable the Salvaion Army to stay within the ecumenical fellow. ship'. IDAF Publications on Zimbabwe SMITH'S SETTLEMENT: Events in Zimbabwe since 3March1978(June1978,38pp) 50p ZIMBABWE: The Facts about Rhodesia December 1977, 76pp, illustrated 60p RHODESIA:SouthAfrica'sSixthProvincebyJohnSprack,1974,87pp 35p ZIMBABWE QUIZ 1975,41pp 20p IAN SMITH'S HOSTAGES: Political Prisoners in Rhodesia December 1976, 38pp £1.00 RHODESIA:TheWhiteJudge'sBurdenbyMervynJones,May1972,25pp 30p SOUTHERNAFRICA:ImmigrationfromBritainMarch1975,26pp 25p Poster: Zimbabwe Shall Be Free 30p ZIMBABWE IN STRUGGLE Portable exhibition of 12 posters containing 80 photographs, May 1978 £4.00 IDAF is offering all these as a complete package (normal prie £7_50) for only £5.00 IUS810 including postage surface mail anywhere in the tld. From DAF, 104ewgate Street, London EC1

Page 6 Anti-Apartheid News October 1978 'Extend oil sanctions to S Africa' AAM urges UK Government AN Anti-Apartheid Movement delegation met the Foreign Secretary, David Owen, on September 20 and made the following proposals: E that the British Government should establish a full enquiry into the role of Ministers and Civil Servants in breaking oil sanctions o that the Director of Public Prosecutions should act swiftly td investigate all those who may have committed criminal offences so that they can be prosecuted o that the Government should establish an enquiry into the relations between Britain and South Africa which undermine UN mandatory sanctions against Rhodesia O that the British Government should approach oil companies and oil-producing states to obtain assurances that they will supply no oil to Rhodesia and that they will restrict their oil supplies to South Africa to pre-UOI levels 0 that unless South Africa gives immediate assurances that it will strictly implement mandatory sanctions against Rhodesia, Britain should seek action by the UN Security Council to require South Africa to implement sanctions - if necessary by extending sanctions against Rhodesia to include South Africa. The delegation handed a memorendum to the Foreign Secretary which stated that Britain's failure to apply effective oil and other economic sanctions against the illegal Rhodesian regime has had three major results. It has guaranteed the survival of Smith's rebellion for almost 13 years; it has convinced the Zimbabwe liberation movement that only armed confrontation will free their country from resist rule; and it has provoked widespread anger and hostility towards Britain in Africa and from the wider international community. The memo argues that the single most crucial factor in guaranteeing the survival of the Smith regime was the British Government's determination to avoid a confrontation with South Africa. As early as June 1967 substantial evidence existed as to how the oil companies were fuelling Rhodesia. Much of this was contained in Labour's Record on Southern Africa, published by the Aniti- Apartlvet14!oversjet. But for ten years successive Governments failed to change the basis of the sanctions policy against Rhodesia - namely, no confrontation with South Africa. The continuing supply of oil to Rhodesia has meant that those countries which have implemented sanctions, in particular Zambia and Mozambique, have suffered serious economic conse. quences. The memo stresses that the British Government has a responsibility not simply to prevent oil reaching Rhodesia from British companies but to stop all oil reaching the- illegal regime. It says that AAM is confident - especially in view of the serious crisis in Rhodesia - that new possibilities exist to stop the flow of oil. It also argues that the revelations about the busting of oil sanctions raises important questions concerning the application of other economic sanctions. The Smith regime has continued to obtain supplies of vital resources, including strategic commodities. Examples include military equipment and spares, chemicals, electronic equipment, computers and oversees capital. AAM Chairman Bob Hughes MP and Joan Lestor MP a press after their meeting with Foreign Secretary David September 20 Therehave been repeated TheMovement accusations that British con- setting up of an In panies with subsidiaries in South similar to the Bisl Africa and Rhodesia have been to examine the im involved in sanctions busting. of other forms of, WHY THE APARTHEID ECONOMY NEEDS Otl HOW IT IS PREPARING TO BEAT AN OIL EM] OIL is the one vital raw material which South Africa does not possess. Yet South Africa needs oil to provide fuel for transport, industry and agriculture. It is also refined into products other than fuel ranging from bitumen to lubricants - which are required in almost all sectors of the economy. Thirdly, oil has great strategic importance: fuel is essential for the mobility of South Africa's army, navy and air force. Where the Oil comes from The amount of oil currently available to South Africa has been estimated to be 420,000 barrels per day. Ninety-nine percent of this is imported: only about 4500 barrels per day - or one per cent - is produced by the country's oil-from-coal plant, SASOL I. Of the imported oil, it has been estimated that about400,000 barrels per dayis in the form of crude oil and 15,000 barrels per day is in the form of refined products (such as aviation gasoline and specialised lubricants and solvents). Iran supplies around 90 per cent of South Africa's imports of crude oil. Refined oil products come from Italy 131 per cent), US (25 per cent), UK (18 per cent), Netherlands (11 per cent) and West Germany (8 per cent). What the Oil is used for It has been estimated that oil products available for consumption in South Africa amount to 247,000 barrels per day - 59 per cent of total oil imports plus the oil produced by SASOL. Oil products amounting to 77,000 barrels per day - 18 per cent of the total oil available are exported. Well over half these exports are for ships' bunkers; exports to Rhodesia run at 16,000 barrels per day and to Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland at 7000 barrels per day. Crude oil added to South Africa's stockpile amounts to 70,000 barrels per day - 17 per cent of total oil available. The remaining 6 per cent of available oil is consd'med as refinery fuel. Shell and BP in Sout Africa byeIMuete gaay A oa AntiApenieid Meats/ fasnivere Grap laiaatiw Pamphlet: Available from AAM. Price 35p The Importance of Oil to the South African Economy Oil provides about one fifth of South Africa's domestic energy needs, There are two main reasons for this low proportion. First, South Africa has considerable coat reserves: because of the low wages paid to black miners, South African coal is among the cheapest in the world., Secondly, it is South African Government policy to minimise the country's dependence on oil because of its fears of an international oil embargo. But the 20 per cent of South Africa's energy which is provided by oil is an almost irreducible minimum. Certain sectors of the economy which are currently dependent on oil cannot convert to other energy sources: others could only do so at considerable expense. . Oil is most important in the transport sector, where it provides 79 per cent of energy consumption. In the household and agricultural sectors it provides 28 per cent of energy used: in the industrial and commercial sector it provides 8 per cent. Oil and the Military Machine Oil has immense strategic importance because it is crucial for the mobility of the South African armed forces and police. According to the journal of the armed forces, Paratus, the concapt of 'mobile warfare ... has made petrol a critical item in the time of operations'. Legal advice given to Mobil by its South African solicitors argued: 'As oil is absolutely vital to enable A STOP SHELL T AND RP t FUELING RACIST REGIMES o DEMAND v OIL SANCTIONS A NOW AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA Sticker: Available from AAM. the army to move, the navy to sale and the air force to fly, it is likely that a South African court would hold that it falls within .. the definition of munitions of war.' The Oil Companies The oil industry in South Africa is dominated by five foreign-owned oil companies. Mobil, Caltex, Shell, British Petroleum and Total. Mobil and Caltex are American, Shell is Dutch/British, BP is British and Total is French. These five corporations control 85 per cant of the oil market in South Africa and operate 91 per c nt of the service stations. Caltex has the biggest market share - 19.9 per cent; it is followed by Mobil with 18,1 per cent; BP with 17.5 per cent; Shell with 17.5 per cent; and Total with 11.8 per cant. All the corporations except Total are 100 per cent owned by their parent companies; Total is 66 per cent owned by its French parent company and 34 per cant owned by South African interests. Four other oil companies Sasol, Trek, Esso and Sonarep have smaller operations in South Africa. Ssol and Trek are South African controlled; Esso is American and Sonarep Portuguese. The presence of the Big Five oil companies has been of great imporrance to South Africa in several ways. First, it has ensured that South Africa has obtained adequate supplies of crude oil and oil products in spite of attempts to impose an oil embargo. Secondly, it has meant that South Africa has had access to vital technical expertise: oil exploration, refining and petrochemical plants require a high level of technological know-how which the oil companies have supplied. Thirdly, much of the capital used to develop South Africa's oil industry has been provided by the big oil corporations. South Africa's Oil Industry About 95 per cent of South Africa's requirements of refined oil products are now provided by local refineries. South Africa It refineries: two ars one owned by Ma other jointly owni BP. One, owned b Cape Town. The I burg, near Johann owned by NATRI Petroleum Refine Africa) in which I A4 > This letter calling against South Afri 17 members of th Council ation SASOL han stake. How South At Preparing for a Embargo South Africa has, prepare for an il embargo on a nul

.. -, ', AntiAseutliseld News aictober, 1978 Page 7 He said that although the setting Star up of a public enquiry into the role vtalfornang of Shell and BP in Rhodesia would bl to he be asignificant steptowards amoreidOwn an effective embargo; further action was needed. ntiells for theis The meeting was chaired by itwllgtio Liberal Party President, Lord Evans. indiasa Inquiry It was attended by around 50 pb taentln Assembly delegates. if seactions. L AND BARGO has four major It has embarked on an intensive reat Durban - search for both onshore and offlobil and the shore oil - so far without success. ,ed by Shell and It is still possible that oil may be by Caltex, is at discovered in South Africa, but fourth is at Sasol- the chances appear to be increasmedsurg, and is inglyslim. IEF (National It has also pioneered the lets of South commercial production of oilthe State corpor- from-coal: South Africa is still the only country in the World which has a large-scale oil-from-coal plant. But the plant - SASOL I only provides around one per cent of the country's oil requirements. A much larger oil-from-coal plant - SASOL II - is currently ...... under construction It has been 4 ' estimated that when it comes into / full production in 1982 it will &'. providearound12percentof :v South Africa's oil consumption. L- South Africa has been building up strategic stockpiles of oil for over a decade. The size of the e -A total stockpile is a closelyguarded 0, - secret, Much of the oil is stored in disused mines near Johannesburg. The South African press has foi jn- generally estimated the amount of sanctions il stored as two to three years' rice wa signed lay ri a e eby consumption at present levels, he TUG General which could be stretched out to four or five years with rationing. so 52 per cent This information is taken from 'Oil Sanctions Against South rica is Africa' by Martin Bailey and snOil BernardRivers,publishedbythe Centre, Against Apartheid, Notes taken action to and Documentsseries 12/78, tertational oil June 1978. It is available from mber of fronts. AAM, price 10p plus postage. OIL FIRMS: THE CHARGES That Shell Mozambique, a jointly owned Subsidiary of Shell and BP, sent oil from Lourenco Marques in Mozambique to Rhodesia, from December 8 1966 until the beginning of 1968. THE British Government imposed pany Total and the Portugueseoil sanctions against Rhodesia on controlled Sonarep began supplyDecember 17 1965, five weeks ing oil to Rhodesia along the rail after UDI. Shell Mozambique had link from Lourenco Marques. US already laid plans to continue its Mobil and Caltex joined in. Shell supply of oil to Rhodesia in the Mozambique began supplying event of sanctions: on December Rhodesia along this route on 4 it asked Mozambique's Gover- December 8 1966 -a few days nor General for permission to after the abortive Tiger talks. change the system of documen- That this was going on was tation covering the company's oil known to at least one British civil flows out of the country. But servant by mid-1967. James Lonrho, the joint owner of the oil Bottomley, an Assistant Underpipeline from Lourenco Marques Secretary at the Commonwealth to Rhodesia, closed it down at the Office, was told of the operation end of December 1965. by'Tiny' Rowland, Chief ExecuIn June 1966 the French cow- tive of Lonrho. That the then Commonwealth Secretary, George (now Lord) Thomson, was told by Shell and BP on February 21 1968 that they had discovered that their subsidiaries had been involved in supplying Rhodesia; and that he acquiesced in a scheme whereby the French company Total would take over Shell and BP's sales to Rhodesia, while they supplied matching amounts to Total. LORD Thomson has told the Castle, the Cabinet was not Sunday Times that' 'At the begin- informed. ning of 1968, Shell and BP Lord Thomson argues that the informed HMG that they had swap arrangement cleared Britain discovered that their subsidiaries of any complicity in sanctions had been involved in supplying busting. He says that it left the Rhodesia.' Government free to bring diploIt was decided not to prosecute matic pressure on-the French the oil companies but to accept a Government to take action 'swap arrangement' under which against their oil companies. the French company Total would But according to BP's subsupply oil to Rhodesia, and Shell mission to the Bingham Inquiry, and BP would supply an equiva- the Ministry of Power thought lent amounts of oil to Total. 'differently. The official who was There is some argument about involved there, Alan Gregory, who inside the British Govern- 'accepted that the effect of the ment knew about the oil firms' -change would . . . be a purely confession. According to Barbara cosmetic one'. That Shell Mozambique continued to act as the handling agent for oil sent to Rhodesia direct from Lourenco Marques for two more years, until January 1970. SHELL and BP claim that the Shell sent an average of 481 oil 'swap arrangement' with Total wagons a month and Total sent came into effect as soon as their an average of 75. London headquarters knew that From February 1970 the ShellMozambiquewas busting figureswerealmostexactlysanctions. reversed,with Total sending 455 But the evidence of tank car wagons in February, 463 in movements along the railway Match and 456 in April; and from Lourenco Marques to Shell Mozambique sending 93, 87 Rhodesiashowsthat Shell and 97. Mozambique continued to supply It now seems that because oil direct to the Smith regime Total did not have adequate until January 1970. 'handling facilities in Lourenco In 1968 Shell Mozambique Marques to cope with the sent a monthly average of 466 oil quantity of oil it was sending, wagons along Mozambique railways Shell Mczambiqjue continued to to Rhodesia: Total sent a monthly act as handling agent for Rhodeaverage of 84 wagons. In 1969 sia's oil supplies. That Shell and BP are still supplying oil to Rhodesia - this time by an arrangement whereby oil is sent by SASOL, the South African state-owned corporation, along the recently built direct rail link between South Africaand Rhodesia; Shell and BP then make an equivalent amount of oil available to SASOL. ACCORDING to the-Sunday REF.theoilrefinery justsouth Times Shell and BP are currently of Johannesburg in which SASOL operating an arrangement under has a controlling interest, over the which the South African State border to Rhodesia. corporation SASOL supplies oil The Sunday Times argues that to Rhodesia, while they supply a this oil is then being made up to matching amount to SASOL. SASOL by Shell and BP, on the The Sunday Times claims that basis of figures for the output of it has evidence that the new swap the jointly-owned Shell and BP was first discussed in 1974, after," refinery in Durban. It says that the Portuguese revolution in April with the economic recession Of that year. Representatives of the 1977, the market for oil slightly five major oil companies in South declined: market shares among Africa held discussions with Joep the oil companies remained Steyn, a permanent secretary in broadly constant The outputoftheSouthAfricanMinistryof theDurbanrefineryshouldthereCommerce. fore have fallen. In fact it An arrangement was reached increased - from 106,000 to whereby oil is sent from NAT- 126,000 barrels a day in 1977. AAM POSTER:15p] I een in Londoon: This car sticke Africa's Bantustan policy aealpeus uuM eeaqxamn awe va wemaeaa -g~s South Mrlca and Rhodnlalki

2age 8 Aggi Aartheid Newt , pt.bg" 1978 'Oil firms have blood on their hands'--Jones STOP THAT ORAN( PROTESTS at Shell and Bp's sanctions busting operations were made durin e TUC Congress in Brighton flt month. Seventeen members of the TUC General Couneil signed a letter to the Foreign Secretary, David Owen, urging the British Government to impose oil sanctions on South Africa unless the apartheid regime gave a guarantee that no oil would ~be alIlowed to go throughs to Rhodesia. A similar all was made by the responsibl enational officials of the two unios wit the majority of Shell/BP trade union members, ASTMS and TGWU. The biggest impact of all was made when th outgoing TUC Intern tiona4 Committee Cheirman, Jack Jones, attacked the oilmen and Br itls officials and miisters - as men wits 'blood on their hands'. He called for all the factrto be made knewn Forty per cent of South Africa's oil came from Shell/BP. he said. and much of this found its way not only to the South African armed forces, but also through the sanctions harrier to Rhodesia. He called for oil sanctions against South Africa unless the UN could be satisfied that no oil was going through South Africa to Rhodesia. AAM Trade Union Committee aud CPSA Executive member, George Lobo, urged comtete economic sanctions against South Africa. The Shell and BP affair demonstrated clearly how powerful multinationals were and what they were trying to do in Southern Africa, he said. In his final address to Congress, Jack Jones called for the withdrawal of cogmpalsis frons Sooth Africa if they failed to recognise African trade unions and, to applause from delegates, welcomed Seen Hersey to the Congress. Sean Hosey spoke at an AAM fringe meeting at Congress and urged delegates to intensify their efforts on behalf of all political prisoners and detainees in apartheid gaols. 'You may think that we do not know about your campaigns to help us - but I can assure you that we do know.,' he said. The knowledge that friends and supporters overseas were campaigning for him -kept me going' through his years in prison. But he warned that repression was intensifying and that much more support was needed for campaigns to secure the release of prisoners. Zola Zembe, SACTU, Hugh Bayley, AAM Executive, and Barry Gilder, who sang South African freedom songs, were among others who took part From top: Jack Jones, Chairman o TUC International Committee. Granville Clay, of AUEW-TASS, and CPSA delegate George Lobo speaking in TUC debate on oil sanctions How ICL helps to arm the apartheid regime ICL last year sold a computer to the South African stateowned Atlas Aircraft company - as well as its sales to the South African Police and the Department of Bantu Affairs (now Plural Relations). Atlas Aircraft manufactures weapons used by the South African Defence Force to attack guerrilla bases in Namibia and in raids on Angola and Zambia. Its star product is the Mirage FI jet fighter, made under licence from France, which has been used by the Smith regime in Rhodesia, The news of the sale comes after the earlier disclosure that ICL is to supply a new computer system to the South African Police (Septem her AA NEWSI. In 1967 an ICL computer was installed in the Bantu Reference Bureau in Pret'oria - to help in the administration of the pass laws. The South African Financial Mail estimates that ICL is now together with IBM - the South African Government's leading computer supplier. ICL's sale to Atlas Aircraft exposes one of the biggest loopholes in the British Government's observance of the UN arms embargo against South Africa, which was made mandatory last year. Only specifically listed items, are banned under the arms ban - and only a very narrow range of weaponry is on the list. Computers do not fall into the category of prohibited exports: nor do very many other kinds of equipTHE Anti-Apartheid Movement has called for a government inquiry into the use to which ICL computers are put in South Africa. In a letter to Foreign Secretary David Owen, the Movement asks for a 'thorough government inveesti. gation to find out how far ICL is involved in providing equipment to South Africa which is used to implement the apartheid system'. In the meantime the Movement has asked the Government to stop the export of all ICL computers to South Africa. ment which have obvious military applications. The US, on the other hand, has put a blanket ban on the sale of all kinds of equipment to the South African Defence and police forces - although there are still mary ways in which US equipment with military applications can be exported to South Africa. ICL is also reported to be planning to manufacture computers in South Africa. A company spokesman has denied that it will set up a computer manufacturing plant, but admits that the firm is 'currently looking at the question of taking over a softwear plant'. Like BP and British Leyland, which also supply South Africa's armed forces, ICL is partly British Governmert-owned. A quarter of its shares are held by the National Enterprise Board. . But the company's management is quite unashamed about its role in the maintenance of apartheid institutions. Commenting on the use of an ICL computer to administer the Pass laws - under which thousands are uprooted from their homes and separated from their families -the firm's managing director in South Africa, John Starkey, has said: 'This is in the interests.of blacks It ensures that correct standards are applied,'. ICL has denied that i t has come under pressure from the British Government to limit its activities in South Africa. Starkey told the Financial Mail; 'No pressure at all has been brought on usto curtail this business. The Foreign Office is happy and we've had no problems at all with the EEC.' Barclays Action AN international Day of Action against Barclays Bank's operations in South Africa has been called for December 1. A special leaflet will be available. Further details: AAM, 89 Charlotte St. London WIP 2D0. Tel 01 5808311. P icureby London Express Pic urea Outspan oranges are here again - and so are the sales gimmicks. Thin 'orange' was stopped by a traffic warden in London'sEast End Trades Councils will bacli Week against Apartheid t Y trades councils in the contact their trades council,.'/e ' South East have already announced want to maka this aen event which that they will be taking action will impress on the South African during the Week of Action Against regime that trades unionists in the ~' Apartheid organised by the South South East want to see the ending East Regional Council of the TUC. of all collaboration with apartheid.' The Week of Action is to be held On Saturday November 4. the between October 31 and November Weak ends with a picket outsidel 5. LeylandHeadquarters,Marylebone Action planned includes pickets Road, London NW1. of Barclay, Bank branches and A special leaflet has been sho sellin South African goods. Prepared, Copies areh1abliin South East Regional Secretary, SE Region TUC, 78 Picardy Road, Jack Dtomey, urges all AAM Belvedere, Woolwich. Datford, or supporters in the trade union AAM, movementintheSouthEastto U K firm 'snubs Breweryto blackunion close SA ANOTHER British company,. Associated Engineering, has refuse business torecogniseablackSouthAfrican SCOTTISH and Newcastle trade union. SCOTTriis ad Ncse One of the-firm's South African Breweries into close down its South subsidiaries, Glacier Bearings, of African subsidiary. Its decision Pinewood. Natal, is refusing to followed threats by student unions negotiate with the Metal and t to end their millions of pounds Allied Workers Union (MAWU). worth of business with the brewery MAWU claims that it has the if it did not pull out of South backing of about two-thirds of Africa. Glacier's African workforce. Union This year's NUS conference shop stewards were elected to six voted to investigate companies outof the seven places for Africans which had contracts for the supply on the managementr sponsored of goods to student unions to see If liaison committee and have boythey had South African connec- cotted it, stating that instead they tions. support the union Tribute to John Forrester THE Anti-Apartheid Movementhas sent a message of sympathy to the family of John Forrester, Deputy General Secretary of A UEW (TASS), who died in August at a tragically early age, John Forrester was a staunch fighter for the anti apartheid cause within the labour morment. He fought for action in support of the liberation struggle both In the trade union nevanent and inside the Labour Party, in his cvpacity as a member of the Party's National Executive Comtittee conference for delegates from the AAM supporters will remember Labour movement held in October the many anti-apartheid events in 1976, where he showed his clear which he participated as speaker, grasp of the relations between discussion leader or chairman - events in Southern Africa and optstanding among them the AAM Britain's economic crisis I[ - rr--......

Aab-Apth'idN!w : October 1978 aPe 9 SAraid stopped by SWAPO SWAPO launched a big attack against South Africa's military base at Katima Mulilo in the Caprivi Strip on August 23, in an attempt to stop another South African massacre at its campit at Nyanga in western Zambia, Guerrillas mounted a bombardment which lasted two hours and wrecked a large part of the base. SWAPO later stated that South African casualties were far higher than the 10 dead and 10 seriously wounded admitted by military spokesen. South African troops retaliated by shelling the Zambianborder town of Sesheke - killing 12 Zambian civilians and injuring six others. According to the Zambian authorities they attacked Seheke secondary school and caused extensive damage to buildings in the town. At first the South African militar claimed that thb Zambian Defence Form had taken part in the attack on Katima Mulilo: but later Prime Minister Vorster publicly admitted that the Zambian army hai not been involved. More then two months before the SWAPO strike both the Zambian Government and SWAPO had expressed concern at the buildup of South African tropps in north eastern Namibia. On June 13 Zambiag, Foreign Minister, Or Siteke Mwele, met the ambassadors of the five Western 'Powers enthe UN Security ogtsoil in Lusaka to tell them that South Africa was masing troops on the Zambian border. Mext day SWAPO's Administrative Secretary, Moses Garoeb, issued a press statement warning that SWAPO regarded the military buildup as anagglessive act, particvlarly in view of South Africa's recant attack on Kassingarefugee camp in Angola As the buildup of troops continued SWAPO became convinced that the South Africans were planning to attack the refugee camp at Nyange in western Zambia. It therefore issued a general order to its guerrilla commanders to hit back hard at any military provocation. SWAPO has dismissed South Africa's claim that 700 guerrillas were killed in the raid into Zambia as 'absolute nonsemse'. In a statement it continued: 'South Africa's information on the location of logistic bases was incorrect and it was not SWAPO that suffered casualties, but instead innocent Zambian civilians who were ruthlessly murdered by the South Africans.' Deported priest condemns SA official in Namibia FATHER Heinz Hunke, who was arms or had been rendered deported from Namibia in July, has incapable of committing acts of attacked the role of South Africa's violence.' Administrator General in Namibia. Father Ed Morrow, Vicar I He accused the Administrator General of the Anglican Church in General of 'cynical superficiality' Namibia, who was deported at the when he dismissed well-documen- same time as Father Hunky, said ted charges of torture against the that he was 'confident that the end South African Security Forces. is in sight' in the Namibian's Father Hunke quoted Steyn as struggle for independence. But he saying only a few days after the added: ' lam equally persuaded Kassinga massacre that 'SWAPO that South Africa, true to form, will would be hit again and again until create every conceivable obstacle to satisfaction has been obtained that impede the peaceful process to selfit was either prepared to lay down ruie in Namibia.' FOR sale - new small lady's sheepskin coat, finest quality, tan. E50 worth £100. For ANC of South Africa. Phone 01-959 8323 after 7 pmn, PEACE NEWS for non-violent struggles and mak ing alternatives Information, analysis, strategies for charge. £5.50 for 12 months sub= scription. £3.00 for six months. £1 for 5 issues (trial sub). From: 8 Elm Avenue; Nottingham LABOURS independent monthly - LABOUR LEADER -for socialism and the Labour Partf. Annual subscription £2.00. Send for a sample copy to: ILP, 49 Top Moor Side, Leeds LS1 1 9LW. SANITY, bi-monthly newspaper of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Subscription £1 annually, or specimen copy (free)rom: CND, 29 Great James Street, London WC1N 3EY. CHALLENGE, monthly paper of the Young Communist League. Price 15p. Subscription £2.20 pa. Send to 28 Bedford St, London WC2. African National Congrets of South Africa INTERNATIONAL BAZAAR Holbom Assembly Hall, John's Mews, London WC Saturday October 7 1978 11.30 am - 4,30 pm Entrance:5p ChildrenandOAPs:3p Organisd by ANC, 28 Penton Street, London NI NAMIBIA DAY .MARKED IN LONDONS Picture by Jonatlan Lloyd The SWAPO Youth Cultural Group at SWAPO's Rally in Lendo- on September 9 OVER 200 people attended a SWAPO rally in London on September 9 to mark the 12th aeniversary of thelaunch of armed suggle in Namibiaon Ai6 ust26 1966. A SWAPO guest speaker, Netumbo Nardi, the orgaisation's Chief Representative for Centeal Africa, outlinsed th history of the Namibian people's liberation struggle and explained the successes of the liberation army, PLAN. Also on the platform were Timothy Hishonua, SWAPO Repre seftative for the Nordic countries, Shapua Kaukungua, SWAPO Representitive in Western Europe, Arthur Chadzingwa of the Patriotic Front and Cap Zungu of the ANC of South Africa. The ANC and the Patriotic Front brought greetings from their movements, Jim Layzell, Chairman of the London Co-op Political Committee, stressed the importance of boycotting South African goods, and Bob Wright, Assistant General Secretary of the AUEW (Engineering Section), spoke about the role of British trade unionists in fighting apartheid. The meeting was chaired by Randolph Vigne of the Namibia Support Committee. The SWAPO Youth Cultural Group sang freedom songs and a new SWAPO film, shot in the semi liberated areas of Namibia, was shown for the first time in Britain. The meeting was followed by a social evening, at which over E200 was raised for the Kassinga Emergency Appeal. PHOTO CRAFT 4 Heath Street London NW3 Photographic dealers and photographers The celebrationswere organised by SWAPO and the Namibia Support Committee and sponsored by the London Co-op Political Committee. Donations to the Kasinga Emergency Appeal are still urgently needed. Please send them to: Kassinga Emergency Appeal, NSC, 188 North Gower Street, London NWI. IN Ausurala Namibla Day was celebrated in three cities Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. In Adelaide the Australian United Nations Association held a film show and poster dispfay on August 26. In Melbourne the CARE (Campaign Against Racial Explotation) National Conference held an open session on Narnibia and a showing of the film 'Child of Hope. The Southern Africa Liberation Centre in Sydney, together with SADAF, put on a film show with a Namibian sp aker, PAN AFRICA DIARY 1979 Stands for o Unity of the African Continent free from teo-colontialism o Liberation of Southern Africa from racialism and colonialism o Solidarity with the oppressed in all lands of the earth' Written by Robert Molteno and Henry Freedman Price: £1.50 Published by Zed Press, 57 Caledonian Road, London Ni 9DN NEWS IN BRIEF SOUTH Africa's armed forces number 65,000: but its 'total mobilisable strength' is 404,500, adc&-l&4§ ft6h latest estimate by the International lostitute of Strategic Studies. The armed forces consist of 50,000 army, 10,000 air force and 5500.navy personnel. The total mobilisable force consists of these forces plus 138,000 army active reservists, 10,500 navy Citizen Force reservists and 25,000 air force active Citizen Force reservists, 110,000 commandos, 35,500 South African Police and 20,000 police reservists. ARAB financiers have signed an agreement of intention with the Transkqi 'Government' to lend over £250 million for development projects and to finance its budget deficit. The deal - signed in Umtata by a representative of a Middle East financial consortium Mdi Dupuis - is sArouded in secrecy. But it is believed that the consortium has offered low-cost loans to pay for a multi-million pound harbour and 'jumbo' airport. 0 SECURITY measures at Johannesburg police buildings have been stepped up. Policemen on duty at the entrances will in future make all visitors declare the purpose of their visit, sign in and wear identity cards. SPAIN is trying to step up its trade with South Africa by sponsoring trade missions to the Republic. In the last year the Spanish Government has funded missions to sell textile machinery, electronics, plastics, special steels and machine tools. SOUTH African Foreign Minister Pik Botha visited Argentina and Uruguay in August. He held talks about increasing trade and exporting South African technology, He said South Africa wa in favour of 'any type of alliance with countries of the Western bamis. phere, for a common defence against a common enemy'. AECI's big explosives factory at Somerset West was blasted by a huge explosion on August 28 One worker was killed and others were treated for shock. AECI is an associate of the British chemicals giant ICl ALL 19 membersof an American boxing team which recently toured South Africa have been suspended by the US Amateur Athletic Union. The team manager and coach have been suspended for three years and the team's other members for three months. ISRAEL is to sign a deal with 'South Africa for the import of coal for its new power station at Hadera on the Mediterranean coast. According to the trade magazine Coal Age, Israel will buy up to 3.4 million tons of South African coal per year. THE Pinochet regime in Chile has opened a consulate in Johannesburg: the new consul is Leonard Douglas Evans; THE AFRICA CENTRE 38 King Street, London WC2E 8JT Tel 01-836 1973 Films on Southern Africa Thursdays at 6.30 pm October 5: Witnesses and The Dumping Grounds (75p, members 56p) October 12: Boesman and Lena (fl, members 75p) October 19: All We Want is Freedom (El, members 75p) October 26: A Worldof Strangers (El, members 75p)

PgPe 10 n .Arti-Apartheid News. October.1978 BANNER UNFURLED AT BIKO MEMORI[AL Hundreds charged in political trials REPORTS from South Africa reveal a political ferment among the country's black people and resistance to apartheid on an unprecedented scale. This is the picture which emerges from the hundreds of political trials in the last two years and the many trials which are still taking place r are now pending. The scale of resistance is also shown by the numbers who are being detained, banned or banished, On this page AA NEWS reports on some of the trials now going on and on the repressiOn which the regime has unleashed in an attempt to stop the rising tide of the black struggle against apartheid. Some trials, among them those of the PAC between 1963 of people accused of infiltrating and 1977. South Africa with weapons and El Seven men and one woman explosives after uncrergoing military were remanded for trial unde training,take place under South the Terrorism Act in Durban Africa's four main security laws. in July. Four of them face These are the Terrorism Act, charges of undergoingor Internal Security Act, General attempting to undergo mil LawsAmendmentActand tartrainingoutsideSouth Unlawful Orgenisations Act. Africa. Theyhave been The Minister of Justice, James charged with the other four Kruger, announced last August that of inciting others to undergo 55 trials, involving 151 people, were military training. pending under these laws. Among El Four young men face charges those charged will be morethan a in Krugersdorpof attacking100 members ofthe African the homes of Kagiso urban National Congess military wing councillors with petrol Unkonto we Sizwe, according to a bombs. senior Security Police officer. Other political trials - involving In other recent trials charges of illegal demonstrations 0 Twenty-six year old and attacks on government property Khumbele Mnikina of East n W-,Lre~ira .UE|Iru,5lmCI Ce ormTearnns-ln-e-rlelas, London, on September 12, listing the names of all those who have died under interrogation by the South African Security Police. Inside the church a special service was held to commemorate Steve Biko, on the first aniversary of his murder. On the church steps, Labour Party Chairman Joan Lestor MP protested at the continuing torture and killing of political detainees in South Africa. SA guerrillas fight troops THE African National Congress has said that its military wing, Umkonto we Sizwe, fought a four-hour battle with a unit of the South African Defence Force on August 12. The dash took;place near Rustenburg, in the northern Transvaal. It stated that members Of the Security Forces encircled the guerrilla unit and sprayed the area with napalm and defoliants. The Johannesburg newspaper, The Citizen, reported that 'police from South Africa's elite Task Force and Counter-Insurgency Unit, assisted by Bophuthatswana police, fought a running gun battle with a terrorist unit'. It claimed that the South African forces ceptdid one of the guerrillas. Winnie Mandela charged aain WINNIE Mandela faced new charges of contravening her banning order, when she appeared in court in Bloemfontein on August 16. She is restricted to the small town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State She is stilR awaiting the outcome of an appeal against an earlier.conviction for breaking her ban. THE information on this page was prepared by the International Defence and Aid Fund. The IDAF Bulletin, FOCUS, which contains more detailed information about trials and detentions in South Africa, is available from: IDAF, 104 Newgate Street, London ECiA 7AP. Annual subscription: (UK) £3, Overseas (airmail) £5. THE Fellowship of Reconciliation will mount a picket outside South Africa House on Thursday October 19, 1230-2 pm, to protest against the ban on Revd Beyers Naude and the banning and detention of other South African churchmen. and personnel - take place under general criminat legislation. According to the South African Institute of Race Relations, there have been 62 trials of this nature - with 400 People accused since the beginning of 1978. In nine of these the accused Were 18 years old or less. In some of the trials now going on El Eleven members of the South African Students Movement ISASMI face charges of sedition or alternatively an offence under the Terrorism Act. The indictment alleges that SASM mobilised black school pupils during 1976 and 1977 with the 'ultimate object of contributing towards the liberation of blacks'. Sechaba Montsitsi, former chairman of the Soweto Students Representative Council, and several of the other accused have been in detention since June 10 1977. They were charged on August 28 and their trial opened on September 18. 0 In the trial of 18 alleged members of the Pan-Africanist Congress in Bethel a string of anonymous State witnesses have given evidence. The trial opened in January. The accused have been charged under the Terrorism Act with conspiring to overthrow the Vorster Government and furthering the aims London was sentenced to 17 years' gaol for encouraging 10 young people to leave the country for military training. El A 20-year old ANC guerrilla, Themba Sishanga, was sentenced to 10 years' gaol after being convicted of receiving military training and possessing firearms and ammunition. El Two 21-year Olds, Alson Tshitabe and Mashudu Mudau, and an 18-year old, Livingstone Mukhezi, were sentenced to prison terms of 5, 10 and 25 years for burning schools, a government vehicle and buildings and cutting telephone Wires in the Venda Bantustarn, Ban slapped on, Soweto leader THC South African Government has balned the chairman of the Soweto Committee of Ten, Dr Nthato Motlan& Altogether 139 people were under banning orders in South Africa on June 30 1978, and a further 29 people who are now living in exile, Thirty-four people are living in South Africa under banishment orders which restrict them to remote areas; Detainees 'disappear' THREE hundred and fifty nine people were known to be held in detention by the South African .Security Police at the beginning of July 1978, according to figures compiled by the South African Institute of Race Relations. Since the beginning of July, 62 people have been released from detention - but 70 more have been detained. Atieast 169 of the detainees are school students - some of them as young as 13 years old. Of these, 99 have spent user 18 months in detention, many of them in solitary confinement. There is an almost total blackout of information about them - but the news which does leak out is sinister, Broken leg The parents of one 21-year old detainee, Jefferson Lengane, discovered that he had been admitted to hospital with a broken leg. They were refused permission to see him and were told by Security Polie, that he had been 'hurt while playing soccer with his friends' Another detainee, 19 -year otd Joseph Mngina, is known to have been admitted to an intensive care unit in Bargwanath hospital in July. Again his parents were refused permission to see him, although they heard from another patient that he had been shot in his cell. Other young people have simply disappeared. In one case, two policemen visited the mother of a detained school student, Elias Shiburi, in June and told her that he had been released three months earlier. But she had neither seen nor heard from her son since his detention in March 1977. Student dies on Robben Island A 21-YEAR old forier school student, Johannes Matobane, has died on Robben Island - of a heart attack according to the prison authorities. In June he was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment after being convicted of sabotage. A month later he wrote to his brother saying that he was 'settling down' on the Island and was in excellent health. UNPolitical Prisoners DayPICKET South Africa House Trafalgar Square, London WC2 OCTOBER II 1 - 2 pm to draw attention to the political trials now going on in South Africa SATIS (Southern Africa-The Imprisoned Society),c/o AA e, 89 Charlotte Street, London Wi r

... t rtneio News ...... Oltblr 157 Page 11 REVIEWS' frmth!fora sco' ht Pamphlets Changing Pattern of International Investment in South Africa and the Disinvestment Campaign, by Simon Clarke. Published by the AntiApartheid Movement, SOp MOST people who have been concerned with the economic involvement of the UK in apartheid have tended to concentrate their attention on direct investment - that is, the operation of subsidiaries and affiliates of UK companies in Southern Africa. In this paper, Simon Clarke examines other forms of economic involvement. He argues that indirect investment through bank loans is now the most important channel through which money from the West reaches South Africa. The paper is in two parts. The first gives an account of the three different kinds of investment direct, Portfolio and loans. It describes what they are and how they can be controlled. Direct investment is in many ways the most difficult to regulate, because the South African Government can counteract many actions by foreign' governments. Portfolio investment and loans, on the other, hand, can in principle be controlled much more easily. By the action it has taken against Rhodesia. the UK Government has shown that it has the legal powers to prevent indirect investment. Given the recent rise in the importance of indirect investment, this suggeststhat the disinvestment campaign can most usefully address itself to the issue of loans. The paper places much emphasis on the need for an effective agency to operate disinvestment policies. The second part discusses the. role of foreign investment in the South African economy. It describes three ways in which loans have become necessary to apartheid. Much international borrowing is by State corporations like ESCOM, ISCOR, etc. Finance is needed to sustain their ambitious expansion programmes. The Government itself needs money to pay for its military buildup. These expenditures place a strain on the balance of payments, which has been exacerbated by the flight of private capital from South Africa in 1976 and 1977. Further loans have been needed to compensate for this outflow. The section highlights the dilemma facing investors. The profitability of investment in South Africa, compared with that in the rest of the world, although still high, has declined. Confidence in the political stability of apartheid South Africa and in its long-term economic viability is falling. Investors are therefore becoming -less keen to put money into South Africa. But If they stop the flow this could rapidly bring about the collapse they are worried about and they would have to write off much of their existing assets. They therefore have to keep money flowing in - throwing good money after bad. If the disinvestment campaign turns its attention to indirect investment, it will be attacking an area where the UK Government has more power and where the important flows are happening. No one seriouslV interested in the South African economy and its relations with the West can afford not to read this account. It expounds many of the complex issues of foreign investment in South Africa with great clarity. Simon Clarke points out that banks are unlikely to betnoved by humanitarian motives in their attitude to investment in South Africa. Their uncertainty in 1976 was due not to any concern about the welfare of black people in Soweto but to their doubts about the apartheid regime's continuing ability to control its workers. The paper concludes with a set of detailed recommrendations on how to campaign against indirect investment. It should play a useful role in helping people to understand the issues behind these demands and in giving them the publicity which they deserve. The Land Problem in Rhodesia Alternatives for the Future. Published by CIIR and Mambo Pre., £2 LAND is one of the most critical. and controversial aspects of the Rhodesian crisis, Over 80 per cent of the country's population live directly off the land. 'A radical land reform is the first step towards quickly increasing the well-being of the poor and establishing a new economic base which will confront the problems of poverty and underdevelopment,' says author Roger Riddell. His book traces successive land policies in Rhodesia to the present day. It also examines the economic implications of the political options facing the country. In spite of its economic centrality, the question of land and the necessity for its redistribution has been jargely ignored by successive white regimes. As a result the problems of rural poverty among blacks and the deterioration of the Tribal Trust Lands are particularly acute. White farming is shamefully inefficient. In 1975-6, 4023 out of the total 6682 white farms were. not profitable enough to pay Meeting calls for action to save ANC militant ANInternationalConferenceof fourcommissions. DayofActiononSeptember20to non governmental organistins for The areas of actio discussed call for his release. action against apartheid was held In covered South Africa's military As the conference was taking Geneva, 28-31 August. It was and nuclear capability(on which a place in Geneva it was felt approattended by over 90 organisations paper was prepared byAAM Hon priate that action on economic and support groups, together with Secretary Abdul Minty); the disengagement should begin with representatives of Southern African threat to neighbouring countries; protests to the Swiss banks involved liberation movements the need for economic sanctions ininternationalloanstoSouth The aim of the conference was (in a commission chaired by AAM Africa and it was agreed that to exchange information and Executive Secretary Mike Terry); representations be made. It was stimulate action against apartheid and material assistance to victims also decided:to call a Day of Action by national groups and govern- of apartheid and the liberation against bank loans to South Africa ments. movements, onDecember1. The opening session received In presenting a report on the During the four days, solidarity .messages of support from UN last issue, Phyllis Altman of organisations from many countries agencies and the governments of International De fence and Aid had the opportunity to meet and India, Zambia, Nigeria, Peru and Fund made a moving appeal for exchange plans, and also to hear Cyprus, and listened to speeches by aid to prisoners and their families Mark Shope of the ANC, Daid in Rhodesia and South Africa, and directly frot the liberation mo ments abaut tba situation in Sibeko of the PAC, and a represen- for urgent action to save the life of Southern Africa. Photographic tative of the Patriotic Front. Solomon Mahlangu The conference displays and films were provided by Delegates then divided for work in decided to call an International IDA F. income tax. In 1977 the Rhodesian National Farmers' Union reported that 30 per cent o white farms were insolvent. Many remain operative only through vast governm ent subsidies. The book makes it clear that land will play an important role in any political settlement and that the policies related to land and particularly to the large foreign companies which own the plantations (Liebig's and Lorho have estates of over one million acreswill largely determine the courseof theecountry's future development. From rRhodesia to Zimbabwe: The Informal Sector: A Solution to Unemployment. Published by CIIR, 40p THE unemployment problem among the growing number of unskilled blacks'in Rhodesia is a massive testimony to the country's policy of exploitation. .Because of the state of affairs in ,both urban and rural Rhodesia, there are increasing numbereof people informally employed. They are the likes of the vegetable. sellers, backstreet tailors, marijhuana suppliers, pirate taxi operators and a host of other semi-legal and illegal activities aceording to researcher Rob Davies. He says these have come to be referred to collectively as the 'informal sector' to distinguish it COPY TYPIST/RESEARCH ASSISTANT required by Information Section of organisation concerned with Southern Africa Salary: £3000 pa plus LVs Please apply in writing to; Box 1, AA NEWS, 89 Charlotte Street, London WIP 2D0 NEW PUBLICATIONS Implications of Apartheid on Health and Health Services in South Africa by a group of Black Doctors in South Africa Notes and Documents Series No 18/77 Mrs Winnie Mandela Profile in courage and defiance Notes and Documents Series 1/78 Available from AAM. Price lOp plus postage Reaping the rewards of repression: a scene from Broadside Mobile Workers' show 'Apartheid - The British Connection' from the 'formal sector" which comprises those activities which are conveniently regarded as 'proper'. Contrary to popular wisdom, Davies maintains that the dichotomy between the formal and informal sectors is false and obscures the more fundamental issues, In Rhodesia, he says, it does not address itself to underlying, structural problems of the economy which need to be tackled if there is to be full employment in Zimbabwe in the coming two decades. Both publications are available 'fromCI/R, I Cambridge Terrace, :L ndon NWI Theatre Broadside Mobile Workers' Theatre: 'Apartheid, the British Connection. BROADSIDE, a London theaye group, have written a 50-minute play for International AntiApartheid Year. 'Apartheid - The British Connection' is especially useful for trade union meetings and can be followed with a speaker and discussion. This powerful production conveys the realities of apartheid in practice and the logic of British economic collaboration wilh this 'crime against humnanity'. It should be seen by all, especially trade unionists, who are concerned to enhance solidarity with the people of Southern Africa and all who wish 'to understand the scale of the challenges facing people in Britain to end all links with apartheid. The show uses slides, songs, poems and scenes to illustrate the need for action against apartheid. British investment and trade with the apartheid regime are exposed, a British worker who emigrates under the influence of South African propaganda gets more than he bargained for, but otlhers show their solidarity with bans abd boycotts. Written with the help of the AAM, it can be performed for. trades councils, AA meetings and student meetings. Contact: Broadside, 58 Holbein House, Holbein Place, London SW1 8NJ. Tel 622 4765 or 730 5396

Sras Z Anti-Aperteid New 'Stop the hanging' ,-Owen backs appeal COMMONWEALTH governments have intervened on behalf of Solomon Mahlangu, the South African freedom fighter who is facing execution by the apartheid regime. The appeal has the backing of the British Government, which until now has maintained that it could not'ask for clemency for Mahlangu because he was sentenced in accordance with South African law. In a letter to ASLEF General Seaetry Ray Buckton, the Foreign Secretary, David Owen, says: "1 am pleased to be able to tell you that we are fully associated with an appeal for clemency for Mr Mahiangu which the Commonwealth Secretary General has addressed to the South African Government.' The British Government's turnabout comea after mounting protasts against the death sentence imposed on Mahlangu both internationally and within Britain. French President qlscrd d'Estaing and the Government of the Netherlands had already asked for clemency. The Dutch Government t6ld the South Africams of the 'great concern over the case in Holland and of its hlpe'that clemency will be granted'. In Britain TUC General Secretary Len Murry and Moss Evans, General Secretary of Britain's biggest trade union, the Transport and General Workers, had written to David Owen asking him to intervene. Twenty-two-year old Solomon Mfhlangu is in the death cell in Pretoria Central Prison. His mother, Martha Mahlangu, is now being allowed to visit him once a week and she says thathe is impatiently awaiting the outcome of his appeal for clemency to the South African State President. The South African Department of Justice says that no execaution' date has bean fixed and that 'the whole issue has not reached finality'. Pressure for a reprieve has been anming from all over the world. The President of the Conference of Non-Aligned States held in AA iary October B Film show. '/itnesses' and 'the Dumping Grounds'. 6.30 pm. Africa Centre, 38 King St. London WC2 October 7 African National Congress INTERNATIONAL BAZAAR, Holborn Assembly Hall, John's Mews, London WC1. 11.30 am - 4.30 pm October 8 Leicester AA Group Annual General Meeting, 7 pm. Friends Meeting House, Queen's Road, Leicester October 11 Picket of South Africa House, London, to mark UN South African Political Prisoners Day. 1-2 pm. Organised by SATIS Some of the 40 former South African political prisoners who fasted on the steps of St Martin's-in-the- Fields in solidarity with ANC freedom fighter Solomon Mahlangu, over the August hank holiday Yugoslavia in July cabled the UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim expressing the conference's 'deep concern' over the death sentence. In Geneva at the end of August an anti-apartheid conference attended by over 90 non-governmentel organistions from all over the World called for a day of demonstrations calling for Solomon Mahlangu's release on September 20. On that day a petition with:ver 5000 signatures was presen~ted to the South African Embassyn . Paris by the anti-racist organisation AFASPA. In West Germany the AntiApartheid Movement and Amnesty international cabled the Chancellor asking him to intervene on Solomon Mahlangu's behalf and pickets were held in most major towns. In Ireland a delegation met the Minister for Foreign Affairs asking him to make representations to the Vorster Government for a reprieve. UN anti-apartheid organisations held a picket of the South African, consulate in New York Cityon September 18 and held a press conference to publicise their appeal for support for Mahlangu. In the Netherlands a picket was October 12 Film show. 'Boesman and Lena'. 6.30 pm. Africa Centre October 14 Performance by 'Amandla' 8pm. Bristol Flier, Gloucester Road, Bristol October 15 Performance by 'AmandW. 8 pm. People's Stage, Totnes, Devon October 17 Performance by 'Amandla'. 8 pm. Barnfield Theatre, Exeter October 19 Picket of South Africa House, London, to protest against the banning of South African churchmen. 12.30 - 2 pm. Organisedby Fellowship of Reconciliation October 19 Film show. 'All We Want is Freedom'. 6.30 pm. Africa Centre October 20 Performance by mounted outside the South African. Embassy on September 20. '#FORTY former South African political prisoners and detainees held a 24-hour fast on the steps of St Martins-in-the-Fields over the August Bank Holiday, to demand a reprieve for Solomon Mahlangu. They handed out 10,000 leaflets and collected over 2000 signatures forapetition calling on the British Gioverment to ask for Mahlangu's release. Four thousand signatures to the petition were handed in to Prime Minister Callaghan at 10 Downing Street on August 25, after a poster parade from Trafalgar Square. Lord Brockway A BIG celebration party for Lord Fenner Brockway is planned for Saturday November 4 at the Commonwealth Institute, Kensington. Lord Brockway will be 90 years old on November 1. Double tickets at £5 (single £3) can-e obtained from Liberation, 313-5 Caledonian Road, London NI. A tribute to Lord Brockway wil appear in the November issue of AA NEWS. 'Amandla'. Organised by Camden AA Group.Details from AAM October21 NATIONAL MARCH AND RALLY. Assemble Speakers Corner, Hyde Park, 1.30 pm. Organised by AAM Octobbr26 Film show. 'A World of Strangers'. 6.30 pm. Africa Centre November 4 Party to celebrate Lord Fanner Brockway's 90th birthday. Commonwealth Institute, Kensington High Street, London W8 November 5 Anti-Apartheid Movement ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. New Ambassadors Hotel. Upper Woburn Place, London WC1.10 am - 5.30 pm December 1 Day of Action against Bardays Bank's operations in Southern Africa. Details: AAM October 1978 * THE Brazilian Government-has announced that it will refuse entry visas to the members of a South African expedition who plan to sail the Atlantic Ocean on a raft from Walvis Bay to Rio de Janeiro. THE Italian municipality of Reggio Emilia is to sponsor the publication in Italian of the African National Congress journal Seehaba UN International Year Against Apartheid is being marked in many different ways all over the world. AA NEWS reports on some recent events. THE Austrian Anti-Apartheid Movement organised a seminar on Southern Africa in Vienna, September 16-17. THE US International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union fias decided to withdraw pension funds invested in firms which do business with South Africa. THE French organisation MRAP sponsored an information tour by African National Congress representative Sikose Mli of 15 French cities in June. THE West German Anti-Apartheid Movement is organising an international Congress against Nuclear Cooperation with South Africarin Bonn, November 10-12. THE All-India Peace and Solidarity Organisation has called a conference for the liberation of Southern Africa and against apartheid, September 29-October 2. THE Swiss Anti-Apartheid Movement will hold a symposium on solidarity action with the peoples of Southern Africa and Latin America in Lausanne on October 22. THE United Church of Australia is to orgaise a countrywide boycott of South African goods, as well as compiling a list of Australian companies with trade or investment links with South Africa. Anti-APeetheid Movement ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING SundayNovember 5 1978 "10 am -5.30 pm New Ambassadors Hotel, Upper Woburn Place, London WC1 Open to all members of the Anti-Apartheid Movement Members are urged to attend. AM, 89 Charlotte Street, London WIP 200 The Anti- Aprtheid Movement As well as pblishing Anti-Aparthed News monthly AAM has awide range of pamphlets, posters and other information material about the situation in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Literature list available on request Speakers AAM will send a speaker to any group which wants to discuss any aspect of British involvement in Southern Africa Local Group AAM has active local groups in most majir centras. List. page 2. Contact addresses available on request Affiliation As well as individual members AAM has affiliated organisations, including local political Parties, trade unions, church groupsand student organisations. Affiliation fees for local organisations £5; for student unions £2; trade unions-sliding scale from £15 depending on membership Join the MM I wish to join the Anti-Apartheid Movement and receive Anti-Apartheid News and regular information about AAM activities I enclose £ ...... NAME ...... ADDRESS...... Minimum annual membership fees: £E5; students/apprentices £3; school students/pensioners/claimants £1 Subscription to AA News only: UK/Europe £3; outside Europe-surface mail £3 (USS5.25), airmail £5 (USS8.75) Anti-Aparthed Movement 89 Charlotte Streat London WI IP 20 T1l101-580311 II World support for Year Against Apartheid I