Peaceful Coexistence? Södertörn University SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden Soviet Union and Sweden in the Khrushchev Era
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Baltic and East European Studies No 10 Centre for Baltic and East European Studies Peaceful Coexistence? Södertörn University SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden Soviet Union and Sweden in the Khrushchev Era www.sh.se/cbees Baltic and East European Studies No 10 ISSN 1651-7849 Edited by Helene Carlbäck, Alexey Komarov, ISBN-10 91-85139-10-6 ISBN-13 978-91-85139-10-1 Karl Molin Centre for Baltic and East European Studies Institute for Universal History (Moscow) Peaceful Coexistence? Soviet Union and Sweden in the Khrushchev Era Baltic and East European Studies 10 CBEES, Centre for Baltic and East European Studies The Institute for Universal History — Moscow Peaceful Coexistence? Soviet Union and Sweden in the Khrushchev Era Edited by Helene Carlbäck, Alexey Komarov, Karl Molin Centre for Baltic and East European Studies Södertörn University www.sh.se/cbees For the cover design a detail of a map from the ‘Atlas mira’ (Moscow, 1954) was used. © The authors and Södertörn University 2010 Printed at Ves Mir Adress: 17b Butlerova ul., Moskow 117342, Russian Federation www.vesmirbooks.ru ISSN 1651-7849 ISBN-10 91-85139-10-6 ISBN-13 978-91-85139-10-1 Contents Notes on Contributors . 7 Introduction. Peaceful Coexistence? Soviet Union and Sweden in the Khrushchev Era. Helene Carlbäck & Karl Molin . 11 Chapter 1. Reflections on Soviet Foreign Policy, 1953–1964. Vladimir Pechatnov . 23 Chapter 2. The Soviet Disarmament Proposals and Khrushchev’s Armed Force reduction. Natalya Egorova . 45 Chapter 3. Khrushchev and the German Question. Alexei Filitov . 65 Chapter 4. Soviet Views on Sweden’s Neutrality and Foreign Policy, 1945–50. Maxim Korobochkin . 81 Chapter 5. Khrushchev and Sweden. Alexey Komarov . 113 Chapter 6. Khrushchev and Swedish Foreign Policy, 1953–1964. Preliminary Theses. Krister Wahlbäck . 125 Chapter 7. Östen Undén, the Soviet Peace Offensive and the Swedish Foreign Policy Debate. Karl Molin . 145 Chapter 8. Records of the Russian State Arcives of Contemporary History on the Post-war History of Soviet-Swedish Relations. Mikhail Prozumenshchikov . 159 Select Bibliography . 171 5 Notes on Contributors Helene Carlbäck, Ph . D ., Associate Professor in History at Södertörn University, Sweden . She has published chiefly on Soviet-Swedish polit- ical and cultural relations and on Soviet gender and family policies . Publications to be mentioned with reference to the theme of this book are ‘Glasnost and the Opening up of Soviet Archives . Time to Conclude the Raoul Wallenberg Case?’ (1992), ‘Sverige i ryska arkiv’ (1999) and ‘Shvedy i shvedskoe v Rossii’ (2002) . Natalya Egorova, Dr . of sciences (history), Chief researcher at the Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, where she serves as the Head of the Cold War Studies Center . She is the author of the books Isolationism and U .S . European policy, 1933—1941 (Moscow, 1995), Postwar U .S .—Soviet Relations in American Historiography (Moscow, 1981) and the co-author as well as co-editor of the book The Cold War . 1945–1963 . Historical Retrospect (Moscow, 2003) . Her numerous articles are devoted to different questions of Soviet foreign policy since 1945, the Soviet leaders’ decision-making process and European security . Currently she is engaged in her Center project on multilateral diplomacy and particularly in researching of peace move- ment during the Cold War . Alexei Filitov, Dr . of sciences (history), Chief Researcher in Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor in History at Russian State University of Humanities, Moscow . He has written sev- eral books and articles on subjects regarding the history and historiog- raphy of the Cold War and of the German question after 1945 . Among them are: Kholodnaya voina: istoriograficheskiye diskussii na Zapade [Cold War: Historiografical Discussions in the West](1991), Germanskiy vopros: ot raskola k ob’edineniyu [German Question: From the Division to the Unification] (1993), Germaniya v sovetskom vneshnepolitiches- kom planirovanii, 1941–1990 [Germany in the Soviet Foreign Policy Planning] (2009) . Alexey Komarov Ph .D, Leading Researcher, Head of the Nordic and Baltic Studies Centre at the Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor II at University of Tromsø since 2009 . 7 Notes on contributors He specializes on the history of international relations in the North of Europe and Soviet policies toward the Scandinavian countries and Finland . Mr Komarov is the author of numerous articles on these topics . He also was an editorial board member of the documents collection “Norge og Sovjetunionen, 1917–1955: en utenrikspolitisk dokumentas- jon” (Oslo, 1995) . He participates in international research projects “GeoPolitics in the High North” (http://geopoliticsnorth .org) and “Neighbourly Asymmetry: Norway and Russia 1814–2014” Maxim Korobochkin is a former senior research fellow at the Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2004 he works as a translator; currently with the Voice of Russia Broadcasting Corporation) . He specialized on Soviet policies toward the Nordic Countries in the early Cold War period . He is the author of several articles on the topic including “Soviet policy toward Finland and Norway, 1947–1949” (Scandinavian Journal of History, Volume 20, Issue 3, 1995) and “Vizit Einara Gerhardsena v Moskvu: iz istorii sovetsko-norvezhskikh otnosh- enii v pervoi polovine 1950-kh godov [Einar Gerhardsen’s visit to Moscow: from the history of Soviet-Norwegian relations in the first half of 1950s]” (Stalinskoye Desyatiletie kholodnoi voiny [Stalin’s Decade of the Cold War], Moscow, 1999) . He also was an editorial board member of the documents collection “Norge og Sovjetunionen, 1917–1955: en utenrikspolitisk dokumentasjon” (Oslo, 1995) . Karl Molin, Ph . D ., Professor in History at Stockholm University, Sweden . He has written numerous books and articles on issues con- nected with Swedish foreign and security policies and international relation, especially within the Northern European region . Among Molin’s publications to be mentioned with reference to the theme of this book are: Omstridd neutralitet. Experternas kritik av svensk utrikespolitik (Contested neutrality . Expertise criticism of the Swedish foreign poli- cies) in 1991 and (as co-author) Sveriges säkerhet och världens fred: Svensk utrikespolitik under kalla kriget (Swedish security and world peace: Sweden’s foreign policies during the Cold War) in 2008 . Vladimir Pechatnov, Ph .D, Dr .of Science (History), Distinguished Scholar of Russia, Professor and Chair, Department of European and American Studies, Moscow State Institute of International Relations . 8 Notes on contributors Has published widely on US political history, Cold War history, Soviet- American Relations and Soviet foreign policy in Russian, U .S . and British academic journals . Recent publications include: The Russian Perspective (with Earl Eadmondson) // Debating the Origins of the Cold War; American and Russian Perspectives . Ed . by Ralph Levering, Rowman&Littlefield, 2002; Stalin, Roosevelt,Truman: Soviet-American Relations in 1940-s (in Russian), Moscow, 2006; From Jefferson to Clinton: The Democratic Party in Pursuit of American Voter (in Russian), Moscow, 2008; Soviet Union and the Outside World, 1944– 1953 // Cambridge History of the Cold War . Ed . by Melwyn P . Leffler and Odd A .Westad, Vol .1, Cambridge University Press, 2010 . Mikhail Prozumenshchikov is Deputy Director of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI),/former archive of the Central Committee of the CPSU/, the author of the book “Big sport and big policy” (Moscow, 2004) and numerous articles on issues connected with the history of the CPSU and its role in the formation of Soviet foreign and domestic policies, Soviet-Chinese relations . He is the editor and composer of collections of documents, concerning XX Congress of CPSU in 1956, “Prague Spring (1968)”, records of meetings of Presidium CC CPSU in Chrushchev’s period, series of publications “Culture and power from Stalin to Gorbachev” etc . Krister Wahlbäck, Ambassador, Ph .D ., Professor Emeritus in Political Science at Umeå University, Sweden . Wahlbäck is the author of numer- ous books and articles on topics regarding Swedish foreign and security policies, Swedish-Finnish-Soviet relations and others . The following works related to the topic of this book can be mentioned as examples of Wahlbäck’s scholarly production: Finlandsfrågan i svensk politik 1937– 1940 (The Finnish question in Swedish politics, 1937–1940) in 1964, ‘Swedish Security Policy and the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact’ () and ‘Kollontaj och hennes dagböcker: En presentation’ (Kollontai and her diary: An introduction) in 2008 . 9 Introduction Peaceful Coexistence? Soviet Union and Sweden in the Khrushchev Era Helene Carlbäck, Karl Molin Forty-five years ago Nikita Khrushchev visited Sweden . Also, forty-five years ago the epoch in Soviet history that is connected with his name ended . This book has its origin in contributions to a conference in 2004 called the ‘Peaceful co-existence? Relations between the USSR and Sweden during the Khrushchev era 1953 – 1964’ . The aim of the confer- ence was to present research endeavours undertaken in the field of Soviet foreign policy and relations with the world in the 1990’s and the 2000’s when critical archival documents on Soviet history were made accessible for the scholarly world both inside and outside Russia . Furthermore, the aims of the conference were to discuss central