20 Ho Chi Minh's Thought on Preventing War, Settling Disputes
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Joint Evaluation of Support to Anti-Corruption Efforts Viet Nam Country Report
Evaluation Department Joint Evaluation of Support to Anti-Corruption Efforts Viet Nam Country Report Report 6/2011 – Study SADEV SWEDISH AGENCY FOR DEVELOPMENT EVALUATION Norad Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation P.O.Box 8034 Dep, NO-0030 Oslo Ruseløkkveien 26, Oslo, Norway Phone: +47 22 24 20 30 Fax: +47 22 24 20 31 Photo: Ken Opprann Design: Agendum See Design Print: 07 Xpress AS, Oslo ISBN: 978-82-7548-602-6 Joint Evaluation of Support to Anti-Corruption Efforts Viet Nam Country Report June 2011 Submitted by ITAD in association with LDP Responsibility for the contents and presentation of findings and recommendations rest with the evaluation team. The views and opinions expressed in the report do not necessarily correspond with those of Norad. Preface Donor agencies have increasingly included the fight against corruption in their over- all governance agenda. In preparation for this evaluation, a literature review1 was undertaken which showed that our support for anti-corruption work has sometimes had disappointing results. Has the donors’ approach to anti-corruption work been adapted to circumstances in the countries? What are the results of support for combating different types of cor- ruption, including forms that affect poor people and women in particular? These were some of the overarching questions that this evaluation sought to answer. The evaluation provides insights for the debate, drawing on recent evidence from five countries. The main conclusions and recommendations are presented in the synthesis report. In addition, separate reports have been prepared for each of the case countries Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Tanzania, Viet Nam and Zambia. -
Overseas Environmental Measures of Japanese Companies(Vietnam )
Chapter 1 Overview of Environmental Issues and Environmental Conservation Practices in Vietnam This chapter is divided into seven sections that provide basic information necessary for Japanese companies to implement effective environmental measures in Vietnam. Section 1 presents the outline of Vietnam and discusses its relations with Japan and Japanese companies, and Section 2 gives information about environmental problems in the country as they exist now. Section 3 explains the country's environmental policy, legislation, administrative structure, and other related matters. Sections 4 through 6 provide information about the scheme and content of the country's specific environmental regulations designed to deal with water pollution, air pollution, and industrial waste, which are the country's principal environmental challenges and at the same time the problems against which Japanese companies are required to take countermeasures. Finally, Section 7 describes the process of environmental impact assessment required to be performed prior to building industrial plants or other facilities. In addition, Appendix 1 in the references at the end of this report carries the whole text of the Law on Environmental Protection, which was put into effect in January 1994 and constitutes the basis for Vietnam's environmental policy. Appendices 2 through 4 contain excerpts of three pieces of environmental legislation that have a lot to do with Japanese companies doing business in Vietnam. 1 Section 1 Vietnam and Japanese Companies 3 Chapter 1 – Section 1 1. Increasingly Closer Japan-Vietnam Relations Centering in Economy The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (hereinafter called Vietnam), located in the eastern part of the Indochina, has a population of 77 million, the second largest in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. -
China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Principles and Foreign Policy
China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Principles and Foreign Policy Sophie Diamant Richardson Old Chatham, New York Bachelor of Arts, Oberlin College, 1992 Master of Arts, University of Virginia, 2001 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Politics University of Virginia May, 2005 !, 11 !K::;=::: .' P I / j ;/"'" G 2 © Copyright by Sophie Diamant Richardson All Rights Reserved May 2005 3 ABSTRACT Most international relations scholarship concentrates exclusively on cooperation or aggression and dismisses non-conforming behavior as anomalous. Consequently, Chinese foreign policy towards small states is deemed either irrelevant or deviant. Yet an inquiry into the full range of choices available to policymakers shows that a particular set of beliefs – the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence – determined options, thus demonstrating the validity of an alternative rationality that standard approaches cannot apprehend. In theoretical terms, a belief-based explanation suggests that international relations and individual states’ foreign policies are not necessarily determined by a uniformly offensive or defensive posture, and that states can pursue more peaceful security strategies than an “anarchic” system has previously allowed. “Security” is not the one-dimensional, militarized state of being most international relations theory implies. Rather, it is a highly subjective, experience-based construct, such that those with different experiences will pursue different means of trying to create their own security. By examining one detailed longitudinal case, which draws on extensive archival research in China, and three shorter cases, it is shown that Chinese foreign policy makers rarely pursued options outside the Five Principles. -
Afghanistan and the Peace Through Development Paradigm: a Critical Assessment
E-journal promoted by the Campus for Peace, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya http://journal-of-conflictology.uoc.edu CONFLICTOLOGY IN PRACTICE Afghanistan and the Peace Through Development Paradigm: A Critical Assessment Katharina Merkel Submitted: December 2010 Accepted: March 2011 Published: May 2011 Abstract A plethora of academic literature indicates that, in the post Cold War political landscape, poverty and development deficits are key in sparking civil conflict. Out of this recognition a new paradigm has emerged which underpins the idea that, by working to overcome these deficits, the risk of conflict can be essentially reduced and/or mitigated. The ‘peace through development’ paradigm supports the assumptio n that development and security are essentially intertwined. In this paper I discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the paradigm within the Afghan context, addressing the two core questions: (1) how are poverty and development deficits connected to violence and conflict? and (2) what are the prerequisites for development to play a conducive role in the peacebuilding alchemy? This paper argues that at large, sustainable peace in Afghanistan can only be achieved through sustainable development. However, it also recognises the tremendous challenges faced to fully capitalise on the peace dividend that development might be able to provide, and at the same time develops a roadmap for more conflict-sensitive development programming. Keywords peacebuilding, development, conflict resolution, poverty, Afghanistan, horizontal -
Yugoslav Ideology and Its Importance to the Soviet Bloc: an Analysis
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1967 Yugoslav Ideology and Its Importance to the Soviet Bloc: An Analysis Christine Deichsel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Deichsel, Christine, "Yugoslav Ideology and Its Importance to the Soviet Bloc: An Analysis" (1967). Master's Theses. 3240. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3240 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. YUGOSLAV IDEOLOGY AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE SOVIET BLOC: AN ANALYSIS by Christine Deichsel A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo., Michigan April 1967 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing this thesis I have benefited from the advice and encouragement of Professors George Klein and William A. Ritchie. My thanks go to them and the other members of my Committee, namely Professors Richard J. Richardson and Alan Isaak. Furthermore, I wish to ex press my appreciation to all the others at Western Michi gan University who have given me much needed help and encouragement. The award of an assistantship and the intellectual guidance and stimulation from the faculty of the Department of Political Science have made my graduate work both a valuable experience and a pleasure. -
Mapping Ethnic Diversity in Highland Northern Vietnam
GeoJournal 57: 305–323, 2002. 305 © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Mapping ethnic diversity in highland Northern Vietnam Jean Michaud1, Sarah Turner2,∗ and Yann Roche3 1Chaire des Etudes´ asiatiques, Universit´e de Montr´eal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montr´eal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada; 2Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 St., Montr´eal, Qc, H3A 2K6, Canada; 3Department of Geography Uni- versit´eduQu´ebeca ` Montr´eal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montr´eal, Qc, H3C 3P8, Canada; ∗Author for correspondence (Tel: (1 514) 398-4955; Fax: (1 514) 398-7437; E-mail: [email protected]) Received 5 March 2003; accepted 29 July 2003 Key words: cartography, ethnological maps, highland minorities, Northern Vietnam, Tonkin Abstract In this paper we initially present a critical review of a range of ethnological maps produced over the last 130 years for highland northern Vietnam. In particular we illustrate the many difficulties faced when trying to represent mosaics of ethnic highland minority groups on two dimensional maps. Such historical maps included no attempts to bring topographic details into the picture, an idea that would have been virtually impossible anyway, given the cartographic technologies at the time. Yet by not including such details or not representing them clearly, a partial image of these populations has been created that, over time, has become a standardised representation. Therefore, as a more systematic approach to the analysis of these highland minority groups, we present recent attempts to create more functional maps and models for the northern Vietnam province of Lao Cai, using modern cartographic techniques and geographic information systems. -
Tito's Yugoslavia
The Search for a Communist Legitimacy: Tito's Yugoslavia Author: Robert Edward Niebuhr Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1953 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2008 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of History THE SEARCH FOR A COMMUNIST LEGITIMACY: TITO’S YUGOSLAVIA a dissertation by ROBERT EDWARD NIEBUHR submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ABSTRACT . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . v NOTE ON TRANSLATIONS AND TERMS . vi INTRODUCTION . 1 1 A STRUGGLE FOR THE HEARTS AND MINDS: IDEOLOGY AND YUGOSLAVIA’S THIRD WAY TO PARADISE . 26 2 NONALIGNMENT: YUGOSLAVIA’S ANSWER TO BLOC POLITICS . 74 3 POLITICS OF FEAR AND TOTAL NATIONAL DEFENSE . 133 4 TITO’S TWILIGHT AND THE FEAR OF UNRAVELING . 180 5 CONCLUSION: YUGOSLAVIA AND THE LEGACY OF THE COLD WAR . 245 EPILOGUE: THE TRIUMPH OF FEAR. 254 APPENDIX A: LIST OF KEY LCY OFFICIALS, 1958 . 272 APPENDIX B: ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF JNA, 1963 . 274 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 275 INDEX . 289 © copyright by ROBERT EDWARD NIEBUHR 2008 iii ABSTRACT THE SEARCH FOR A COMMUNIST LEGITIMACY: TITO’S YUGOSLAVIA ROBERT EDWARD NIEBUHR Supervised by Larry Wolff Titoist Yugoslavia—the multiethnic state rising out of the chaos of World War II—is a particularly interesting setting to examine the integrity of the modern nation-state and, more specifically, the viability of a distinctly multi-ethnic nation-building project. -
The Cuban Missile Crisis and Its Effect on the Course of Détente
1 THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE COURSE OF DÉTENTE 2 Abstract The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union began in 1945 with the end of World War II and the start of an international posturing for control of a war-torn Europe. However, the Cold War reached its peak during the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis, occurring on October 15-28, 1962, with the United States and the Soviet Union taking sides against each other in the interest of promoting their own national security. During this period, the Soviet Union attempted to address the issue of its own deficit of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles compared to the United States by placing shorter-range nuclear missiles within Cuba, an allied Communist nation directly off the shores of the United States. This move allowed the Soviet Union to reach many of the United States’ largest population centers with nuclear weapons, placing both nations on a more equal footing in terms of security and status. The crisis was resolved through the imposition of a blockade by the United States, but the lasting threat of nuclear destruction remained. The daunting nature of this Crisis led to a period known as détente, which is a period of peace and increased negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union in order to avoid future confrontations. Both nations prospered due to the increased cooperation that came about during this détente, though the United States’ and the Soviet Union’s rapidly changing leadership styles and the diverse personalities of both countries’ individual leaders led to fluctuations in the efficiency and extent of the adoption of détente. -
World Bank Document
50234 Public Disclosure Authorized MOVING TOWARDS 2010 Partnership Report Update Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized An Inform al Report Prepared for the Vietnam M id-year Consultative Group M eeting Can Tho City, une 2-3, 2005 1 INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume serves as an updater to the main report Vietnam: Partnership for Development produced for the full Consultative Group Meeting in December 2004. It is the product of teamwork and partnerships in Vietnam, and brings together contributions from many of the joint Government-donor-NGO partnership groups in Vietnam. Its production was only possible through the co-operation, contributions and active support of a wide range of development partners, including Government staff, donors and NGOs. Key contacts (though not necessarily leaders) of the partnership groups, many of which have reported in this volume, are currently as detailed below. Non-inclusion in this volume does not imply non-activity on the part of a partnership group: some prefer to report on an annual basis only. Poverty Working Group/Poverty Task Force Cao Viet Sinh (MPI); Martin Rama/Doan Hong Quang (World Bank); Nguyen Tien Phong (UNDP) Partnership to support National Target Program Nguyen Hai Huu/ Tran Phi Tuoc (MOLISA); HERP/135 Do Thanh Lam (UNDP) Gender Action Partnership Tran Mai Huong (NCFAW) ISG Environment Nguyen Thi Tho (MoNRE) People’s Participation’s Working Group Frank de Caires (CIDSE) Partnership on SOE Reform & Equitization Daniel Musson (World -
Vietnam's Key Regions and Economic Zones
Issue 31 • November 2017 From Dezan Shira & Associates Vietnam’s Key Regions and Economic Zones P.04 Why Location Matters for Your P.11 Adding Value with Industrial Zones Vietnam Operation P.07 Assessing Vietnam’s Key Economic Regions (KER) in 2017 www.vietnam-briefing.com Introduction Years 1992-2017 ALBERTO VETTORETTI www.dezshira.com Managing Partner Dezan Shira & Associates www.asiabriefing.com www.aseanbriefing.com Business leaders that are internationalizing their company must first examine where they can locate their operations. China, the traditional hub for Asia bound investment, is quickly shifting from a low www.china-briefing.com cost hub for manufacturing towards high-end production destination with a thriving middle class. Countries within Southeast Asia, on the other hand, are emerging as the replacement for basic manufacturing and assembly. Amid this shift, Vietnam has become the standout for investors. www.india-briefing.com Vietnam is a much different market from China, presenting a unique set of challenges for investors. www.indonesiabriefing.com Growing rapidly from a relatively low economic base, each area of the country presents a unique set of conditions for investment with both opportunities and constraints. Seasoned investors and new entrants to Asia alike find that Vietnam’s cities and regions can each present unexpected challenges, Reference and leave projects without resources if pre-market entry due diligence is not conducted. Vietnam Briefing and related titles are produced by Asia Briefing Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Dezan Shira Group. In this issue of Vietnam Briefing, we discuss the importance of location to investments and outline the factors that investors should consider when evaluating potential sites for establishment within Content is provided by Dezan Shira & Associates. -
Peaceful Coexistence and Contemporary International Law
PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE AND CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LAW Peaceful Coexistence entered the International Law lexicon with the Sino-Indian Pancha Shila Agreement of 1954, negotiated between Chou En Lai and Jawaharlal Nehru and directed immediately to an historically long-festering territorial frontier dispute between the two neighbours in the Himalayan region. The Agreement included some postulated high-level general principles of "good neighbourliness" between the two parties which would become known as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and be invoked historically for their own purposes by other states unconnected to the Agreement or its original purpose: mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty; non-aggression; non-interference in internal affairs; equality and mutual advantage; and peaceful coexistence itself. These principles, arguably, were already part of the United Nations Charter, either in terms or else implicit in the Charter's Chapters VI and VII on peaceful settlement. But Chou En Lai's government was not, in 1954, seated in the United Nations and would not be until 1971, and equally arguably was therefore not legally bound by the Charter provisions. An additional attractiveness in the Pancha Shila's Five Principles was to be found in their clarity and succinctness of formulation in comparison to the Charter, and in the unequivocal character of their rejection of the use of force and their embracement of peaceful settlement. This perhaps helps explain the widespread popularity of the Five Principles and their invocation in later years in very many general International Law acts. In the wake of the de-Stalinisation campaign in the Soviet Union, new Soviet leader N.S. -
Teacher's Guide Produced and Distributed By
Cold War Teacher’s Guide Produced and Distributed by: www.MediaRichLearning.com AMERICA IN THE 20TH CENTURY: THE COLD WAR TEACHER’S GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS Materials in Unit .................................................... 3 Introduction to the Series .................................................... 3 Introduction to the Program .................................................... 3 Standards .................................................... 6 Instructional Notes .................................................... 7 Suggested Instructional Procedures .................................................... 7 Student Objectives .................................................... 7 Follow-Up Activities .................................................... 8 Answer Key .................................................... 10 Script of Video Narration .................................................... 17 Blackline Masters .................................................... 45 Media Rich Learning .................................................... 72 PAGE 2 OF 105 MEDIA RICH LEARNING AMERICA IN THE 20TH CENTURY: THE COLD WAR Materials in the Unit • The video program The Cold War • Teachers Guide This teacher's guide has been prepared to aid the teacher in utilizing materials contained within this program. In addition to this introductory material, the guide contains suggested instructional procedures for the lesson, answer keys for the activity sheets, and follow-up activities and projects for the lesson. • Blackline Masters Included