DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of the Aging and Social Welfare in Asia"- Singapore & Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of the Aging and Social Welfare in Asia International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2018, PP 35-41 ISSN 2349-0373 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0381 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0505005 www.arcjournals.org "A Study of the Aging and Social Welfare in Asia"- Singapore & Vietnam Ryotaro KATSURA* Vietnam-Japan University *Corresponding Author: Ryotaro KATSURA, Vietnam-Japan University, Japan 1. WHY IS AGING NOW A PROBLEM IN ASIA? When we consider the structure of the Asia population and the changes it is undergoing, we see that the problem of an aging population will have very important effects on the future of the continent. Specifically, it is clear that the processes of change are completely different from those in the Europe and the USA. Moreover, it is estimated that the average age of the Asian population will advance at a rate exceeding even the Japanese aging figures. The total population of Asia increased from 1.4 billion to 3.7 billion from 1950 to 2000, a 1.9% rate of increase per year. On the other hand, in the same period the population of those people aged 65 and over underwent an explosive increase, from 60 million to 220 million, an annual rate of 2.6%. This increase well exceeds the rate of expansion of the total population. The percent of aged people in the total population increased from 4% to 6% in the same period. However these figures have not yet reach the lower limit for the standard of an aged country, which is 7%, as defined by the United Nations. When we look at the age figures for Asia, only East Asia with 7.7% has reached or exceeded the 7% lower limit. Countries can be classified into the three groups, in terms of advancing aging population levels. The first group is the New Industrial Economy Societies (NIES) that have undergone advancing urbanization and industrialization, like Japan, and decreases in the birth rate: they are Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Israel. The 2nd group is made up of countries that will reach the criteria for an aging society soon: Thailand, Viet Nam, India, and Sri Lanka. The 3rd group consists of countries that are in the process of becoming aging societies: the Philippines, Bangladesh, and others. However, even countries that were not facing the aging problem in 2000 will face that problem in 2050, and there will be an increase in the number of countries in which the rate of aged citizens will be more than 20%. East Asian countries will become “super aging societies” with a 30% age figure. On the other hand, countries in Southeast Asia will have 15% ratio of age and countries in South and Central Asia will have a 10 to 15% ratio. Countries in West Asia will have a 5 to 20% ratio (See table 1). 2. CURRENT STATUS OF AGING IN ASIA A generally held belief is that lowering death rates and the extension of the average lifespan are what lead to the graying of the population. However, the largest actual cause of this change is the lowering of the birth rate. The extension of the average lifespan in under-developed countries has been derived from the lowering of the death rates among babies rather than the lowering of the death rate among the middle-aged and elderly. The lowering of babies’ death rates leads to an increase in the ratio of young in the population, so the average age of the entire population is lower. On the other hand, the lowering of the birth rate results in fewer young people, so the average age of the entire population becomes higher. In addition, even when the birth rate drops, the phenomenon of an aging population does not appear quickly. There is a time lag of 10 to 20 years before we see this growth in the number of aged. The length of this time lag depends upon not only upon the speed that the birth rate drops but also on the drop of the death rate and the differences in the initial conditions. Generally speaking, with a rapid drop in the birth rate, there is a rapid increase in aging of the population. The interval that it takes for the aged rate to double from 7% to 14% indicates the aging speed of each country (see table 1). The period that it took for the aged rate to double was quite long in France (115 years) and less in England (47 years). However, the table shows that in Asian countries except Hong Kong the periods are shorter -- less than 30 years. Among the countries that had a fall in total birth International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Page | 35 "A Study of the Aging and Social Welfare in Asia"- Singapore & Vietnam rate to 3% in 1970 -- Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore -- Hong Kong reached an aged rate of 7% earlier (1983), but the period it took for the aged ratio to double was longer than the other three countries, 33 years. This may have been caused by immigration from China. Asian countries changed their population styles from many births and deaths to few births and deaths, which resulted in a rapid advancement of aging of the population. Each country needs to cope with the issue of a large number of aged in economic, financial, and social terms. Table1. Aging populations and aged ratios (1950 to 2050) Area, country Citizens 65 and over (1,000) Ratio of citizens 65 and over in total populations. 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 World 130865 231182 419197 822876 1418742 5.2 5.7 6.9 10.5 15.9 Advanced area 64034 112534 170744 260851 315507 7.9 10.7 14.3 21.0 25.9 Under 66831 118648 248453 582025 1103234 3.9 3.9 5.1 8.5 14.3 developing area Asia 57516 100835 215947 474519 879630 4.1 4.2 5.9 10.0 16.8 East Asia 29976 51767 114662 243506 381372 4.5 4.7 7.7 14.7 24.0 China 24851 40830 87295 194100 319262 4.5 4.4 6.8 13.4 22.9 Hong Kong 49 237 723 1726 2793 25 54 10.6 20.3 29.6 North Korea 336 579 1315 2484 4317 3.1 3.6 5.9 10.1 17.3 Japan 4135 8790 21862 36070 40077 4.9 7.9 17.2 29.2 36.5 South Korea 574 1273 3338 8812 14154 3.0 3.6 7.1 17.6 30.5 Southeast Asia 6752 11428 24411 57393 126047 3.8 3.6 4.7 8.3 16.4 Cambodia 118 199 376 965 2221 2.7 2.8 2.9 4.4 7.5 Indonesia 3150 4410 10242 22642 49706 4.0 3.3 4.8 8.4 16.9 Laos 49 81 184 393 1008 2.8 2.7 3.5 4.6 8.8 Malaysia 309 457 934 2967 6227 5.1 3.7 4.1 8.9 15.7 Myanma 578 1229 2191 4774 9658 3.2 4.1 4.6 8.0 15.0 Philippine 718 1291 2670 7318 17836 3.6 3.1 3.5 6.7 14.0 Singapore 24 93 287 1090 1383 2.4 4.1 7.2 22.2 30.5 Thailand 637 1317 3319 8607 16590 3.2 3.2 5.4 11.7 21.5 Viet Nam 1152 2329 4178 8536 21173 4.2 4.9 5.3 8.2 18.0 South Asia 18582 33450 68325 153576 323606 3.7 3.8 4.6 7.3 13.1 Bangladesh 1514 2644 4334 10989 28743 3.6 3.5 3.1 5.3 11.3 India 11971 23749 50015 111975 221266 3.3 3.8 4.9 8.2 14.4 Nepal 355 464 857 1816 4501 4.1 3.5 3.6 4.8 8.9 Pakistan 2120 2385 5186 12022 29325 5.3 3.4 3.6 4.8 8.4 Sri Lana 409 546 1249 3294 4809 5.5 4.1 6.7 12.9 22.7 Note: Figures for 2025 and 2050 are mid-term estimates. Data: United Nations (2003) Source: Haruo Sagaza, 'Population changes and social and economic developments in Asia,' in Hirofumi Tanada "Fewer children and aged and social and economic development in Asia," issued by Waseda University Press on 2005. Figure1. Total birth rate change periods and aged ratio doubling periods in Asian countries International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Page | 36 "A Study of the Aging and Social Welfare in Asia"- Singapore & Vietnam Birth rate change period Aged ratio doubling period (Total birth rate dropped from 5.0 to 2.1) (Ratio of aged 65 and over increased from 7% to 14%) Source: Haruo Sagaza, 'Population changes and social and economic developments in Asia,' in Hirofumi Tanada "Fewer children and aged and social and economic development in Asia," issued by Waseda University Press on 2005. 3. GRAYING SOCIETIES AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN ASIA When we look at types of families containing elderly people in Asian countries, where there are members older than 60, the percentage of three-generation families in 1996 was 36% in Korea and 43% in Thailand. These figures are more than 7% higher than the figure for Japan. On the other hand, the percent of aged families containing only a couple and of aged people living alone were 30% and 14%, respectively in Korea and 7% and 5% in Thailand. By the way, in the USA, the percentage of three-generation families was 2%, of aged couples living alone was 35%, and for aged people living alone was 40% in the same year.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Joint Evaluation of Support to Anti-Corruption Efforts Viet Nam Country Report
    Evaluation Department Joint Evaluation of Support to Anti-Corruption Efforts Viet Nam Country Report Report 6/2011 – Study SADEV SWEDISH AGENCY FOR DEVELOPMENT EVALUATION Norad Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation P.O.Box 8034 Dep, NO-0030 Oslo Ruseløkkveien 26, Oslo, Norway Phone: +47 22 24 20 30 Fax: +47 22 24 20 31 Photo: Ken Opprann Design: Agendum See Design Print: 07 Xpress AS, Oslo ISBN: 978-82-7548-602-6 Joint Evaluation of Support to Anti-Corruption Efforts Viet Nam Country Report June 2011 Submitted by ITAD in association with LDP Responsibility for the contents and presentation of findings and recommendations rest with the evaluation team. The views and opinions expressed in the report do not necessarily correspond with those of Norad. Preface Donor agencies have increasingly included the fight against corruption in their over- all governance agenda. In preparation for this evaluation, a literature review1 was undertaken which showed that our support for anti-corruption work has sometimes had disappointing results. Has the donors’ approach to anti-corruption work been adapted to circumstances in the countries? What are the results of support for combating different types of cor- ruption, including forms that affect poor people and women in particular? These were some of the overarching questions that this evaluation sought to answer. The evaluation provides insights for the debate, drawing on recent evidence from five countries. The main conclusions and recommendations are presented in the synthesis report. In addition, separate reports have been prepared for each of the case countries Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Tanzania, Viet Nam and Zambia.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 Ho Chi Minh's Thought on Preventing War, Settling Disputes
    The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences 2021; 7(06) http://www.jomenas.org Ho Chi Minh's Thought on Preventing War, Settling Disputes, Contradictions BY Peaceful Measures Ph.D. Le Nhi Hoa Regional Academy of Politics III, 232 Nguyen Cong Tru, Son Tra District, Da Nang city, Việt Nam [email protected] Abstract. Respect for independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity; not to use force or threaten to use force in international relations; equal and mutually beneficial cooperation; the peaceful settlement of disputes and disputes are core principles and values of international law, the Charter of the United Nations; achievements and efforts of all nations in the world, including Vietnam. With the historical approach, the article in-depth clarifies a number of prominent points in Ho Chi Minh's thought about war prevention, settlement of disputes, disputes by peaceful means and their application in fight to protect the sovereignty and legitimate interests of Vietnam in the East Sea. To cite this article [Hoa, L. N. (2021). Ho Chi Minh's Thought on Preventing War, Settling Disputes, Contradictions BY Peaceful Measures. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 7(06), 20-25]. (P-ISSN 2412- 9763) - (e-ISSN 2412-8937). www.jomenas.org. 4 Keywords: Prevent War; Peaceful Measure; Ho Chi Minh.. 1. An assessment of Ho Chi Minh's outstanding countries and the determination of the Vietnamese people contributions: in protecting the national sovereignty and territorial An assessment of Ho Chi Minh's outstanding integrity of the country. “Vietnam has the right to enjoy contributions, the United Nations Educational, Scientific freedom and independence, and in fact has become a free and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) issued Resolution and independent country.
    [Show full text]
  • Overseas Environmental Measures of Japanese Companies(Vietnam )
    Chapter 1 Overview of Environmental Issues and Environmental Conservation Practices in Vietnam This chapter is divided into seven sections that provide basic information necessary for Japanese companies to implement effective environmental measures in Vietnam. Section 1 presents the outline of Vietnam and discusses its relations with Japan and Japanese companies, and Section 2 gives information about environmental problems in the country as they exist now. Section 3 explains the country's environmental policy, legislation, administrative structure, and other related matters. Sections 4 through 6 provide information about the scheme and content of the country's specific environmental regulations designed to deal with water pollution, air pollution, and industrial waste, which are the country's principal environmental challenges and at the same time the problems against which Japanese companies are required to take countermeasures. Finally, Section 7 describes the process of environmental impact assessment required to be performed prior to building industrial plants or other facilities. In addition, Appendix 1 in the references at the end of this report carries the whole text of the Law on Environmental Protection, which was put into effect in January 1994 and constitutes the basis for Vietnam's environmental policy. Appendices 2 through 4 contain excerpts of three pieces of environmental legislation that have a lot to do with Japanese companies doing business in Vietnam. 1 Section 1 Vietnam and Japanese Companies 3 Chapter 1 – Section 1 1. Increasingly Closer Japan-Vietnam Relations Centering in Economy The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (hereinafter called Vietnam), located in the eastern part of the Indochina, has a population of 77 million, the second largest in Southeast Asia after Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Ethnic Diversity in Highland Northern Vietnam
    GeoJournal 57: 305–323, 2002. 305 © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Mapping ethnic diversity in highland Northern Vietnam Jean Michaud1, Sarah Turner2,∗ and Yann Roche3 1Chaire des Etudes´ asiatiques, Universit´e de Montr´eal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montr´eal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada; 2Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 St., Montr´eal, Qc, H3A 2K6, Canada; 3Department of Geography Uni- versit´eduQu´ebeca ` Montr´eal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montr´eal, Qc, H3C 3P8, Canada; ∗Author for correspondence (Tel: (1 514) 398-4955; Fax: (1 514) 398-7437; E-mail: [email protected]) Received 5 March 2003; accepted 29 July 2003 Key words: cartography, ethnological maps, highland minorities, Northern Vietnam, Tonkin Abstract In this paper we initially present a critical review of a range of ethnological maps produced over the last 130 years for highland northern Vietnam. In particular we illustrate the many difficulties faced when trying to represent mosaics of ethnic highland minority groups on two dimensional maps. Such historical maps included no attempts to bring topographic details into the picture, an idea that would have been virtually impossible anyway, given the cartographic technologies at the time. Yet by not including such details or not representing them clearly, a partial image of these populations has been created that, over time, has become a standardised representation. Therefore, as a more systematic approach to the analysis of these highland minority groups, we present recent attempts to create more functional maps and models for the northern Vietnam province of Lao Cai, using modern cartographic techniques and geographic information systems.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    50234 Public Disclosure Authorized MOVING TOWARDS 2010 Partnership Report Update Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized An Inform al Report Prepared for the Vietnam M id-year Consultative Group M eeting Can Tho City, une 2-3, 2005 1 INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume serves as an updater to the main report Vietnam: Partnership for Development produced for the full Consultative Group Meeting in December 2004. It is the product of teamwork and partnerships in Vietnam, and brings together contributions from many of the joint Government-donor-NGO partnership groups in Vietnam. Its production was only possible through the co-operation, contributions and active support of a wide range of development partners, including Government staff, donors and NGOs. Key contacts (though not necessarily leaders) of the partnership groups, many of which have reported in this volume, are currently as detailed below. Non-inclusion in this volume does not imply non-activity on the part of a partnership group: some prefer to report on an annual basis only. Poverty Working Group/Poverty Task Force Cao Viet Sinh (MPI); Martin Rama/Doan Hong Quang (World Bank); Nguyen Tien Phong (UNDP) Partnership to support National Target Program Nguyen Hai Huu/ Tran Phi Tuoc (MOLISA); HERP/135 Do Thanh Lam (UNDP) Gender Action Partnership Tran Mai Huong (NCFAW) ISG Environment Nguyen Thi Tho (MoNRE) People’s Participation’s Working Group Frank de Caires (CIDSE) Partnership on SOE Reform & Equitization Daniel Musson (World
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam's Key Regions and Economic Zones
    Issue 31 • November 2017 From Dezan Shira & Associates Vietnam’s Key Regions and Economic Zones P.04 Why Location Matters for Your P.11 Adding Value with Industrial Zones Vietnam Operation P.07 Assessing Vietnam’s Key Economic Regions (KER) in 2017 www.vietnam-briefing.com Introduction Years 1992-2017 ALBERTO VETTORETTI www.dezshira.com Managing Partner Dezan Shira & Associates www.asiabriefing.com www.aseanbriefing.com Business leaders that are internationalizing their company must first examine where they can locate their operations. China, the traditional hub for Asia bound investment, is quickly shifting from a low www.china-briefing.com cost hub for manufacturing towards high-end production destination with a thriving middle class. Countries within Southeast Asia, on the other hand, are emerging as the replacement for basic manufacturing and assembly. Amid this shift, Vietnam has become the standout for investors. www.india-briefing.com Vietnam is a much different market from China, presenting a unique set of challenges for investors. www.indonesiabriefing.com Growing rapidly from a relatively low economic base, each area of the country presents a unique set of conditions for investment with both opportunities and constraints. Seasoned investors and new entrants to Asia alike find that Vietnam’s cities and regions can each present unexpected challenges, Reference and leave projects without resources if pre-market entry due diligence is not conducted. Vietnam Briefing and related titles are produced by Asia Briefing Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Dezan Shira Group. In this issue of Vietnam Briefing, we discuss the importance of location to investments and outline the factors that investors should consider when evaluating potential sites for establishment within Content is provided by Dezan Shira & Associates.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Present Status and Future Plan on Vietnam's Optical Earth
    Study on Present Status and Future Plan on Vietnam’s Optical Earth Observation Satellite for Disaster and Climate Change Countermeasure Final Report February 2018 METI Study Team PADECO Co., Ltd Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan Japan Space Systems NEC Corporation Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. Japan Space Forum Study on Present Status and Future Plan on Vietnam’s Optical Earth Observation Satellite for Disaster and Climate Change Countermeasure Final Report Table of Contents Chapter 1 Study Background, Objectives and Scope 1.1 Background and Objectives ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2 Content and Method of Study ............................................................................................. 1-3 1.2.1 Present Status and Agenda on Vietnam’s Disaster and Climate Change .................... 1-3 1.2.2 Actual Utilization Status of Optical and Radar Satellite in Vietnam. ......................... 1-3 1.2.3 Preparation of Long Range Master Plan for Vietnam’s Satellite Remote Sensing ..... 1-3 1.2.4 Study on Next Generation Optical Satellite for Vietnam ............................................ 1-3 1.2.5 Study on Japan’s Investment and Loan Scheme. .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Roles of Vietnam Cooperative Alliance (VCA) in Promoting the Economy of Vietnam/Vietnamese People More Sustainable and Resilient
    Roles of Vietnam Cooperative Alliance (VCA) in promoting the economy of Vietnam/Vietnamese people more sustainable and resilient. “COOPERATIVES PROMOTES THE ECONOMY MORE SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT” November, 2018 Significant achievements of Vietnamese economy Significant achievements of the cooperative economy and cooperatives of Viet Nam Roles of VCA SWOT Recommendations SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE VIETNAMESE ECONOMY Outline of Vietnam The Socialist of Republic of Vietnam - Area: 331.698 km2 (63 provincies, cities) - Population: 95,540,000 people (2017) - Population growth rate: 1,06% (2017) - Labour force: 55,162 million (2017) -Umemployment rate: 1,1% (2017) - Average income per capitai: 2,385 USD (2017); in 2045, estimated 18,000 USD/person - GDP growth rate: 6,8% (2017) -Average economic growth rate (1986 – 2017) : 6,63% -Economic growth rate in 2018 (planned): 6,7%. - Poverty reduction rate up from 60% to 7%. - Economic scale stands 44 in the world according to GDP and 34 according to PPP (in 2045, estimated 2,500 billion USD) Renovation policy Average income country Industrial country 1986 1995 1998 2006 2010 2015 2018 2020 Member of Member of Member of WTO Participating Signing CPTPP ASEAN APEC ASEAN Economic and FTA Communities Thực phẩm chế biến từ tinh bột và ngũ cốc 595 Cá đông lạnh 2882 Tôm đông lạnh 2447 Chè 227 Hạt điều nhân 3516 Gạo 2651 ĐVT: triệu USD Cao su 2248 Cà phê 3244 Hạt tiêu 1117 Hàng rau, hoa, quả 3501 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Graph 1: Exported agricultural products of Vietnam (2017) 300 267 252 250 200 184 150 125 100 50 24 16 16 25 16 2.5 0 Singapore Thái Lan Nhật Bản Hoa Kỳ các nước OECD Năm 1990 Năm 2018 Graph 2: Comparision of reduction of income per capita of some countries to Vietnam in the period of 1990 – 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Doi: 10.18588/202005.00A101 Field Note
    Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020): 173-185 doi: 10.18588/202005.00a101 Field Note “Doi Moi” in Vietnam and Some Suggestions Viet Hanh Ho In the later 1970s and 1980s, to cope with development difficulties, most nations in the socialism system tried to explore their own paths towards development. These included the “Reform” of the Soviet Union and China and “Doi Moi” in Vietnam. Due to the leading socialist state, the Soviet Union’s failed “Reform,” the whole socialist system began to fall apart and most of its countries have shifted towards capitalism-based development. However, China and Vietnam have remained consistent in their socialist paths, maintaining suitable methodologies through respective reforms. Given this line of reasoning, this article objectively shares some achievements and challenges Vietnam has encountered over the past thirty years of renovation and offers implications for the developmental process. Keywords ‌‌Vietnam, economic development model, socialist reform Introduction: Regarding the Innovative Breakthrough of Vietnam in 1986 After the great victory of spring 1975, Vietnam unified the country and formed a subjective ideology to rapidly accelerate the country towards socialist model in a short time. Due to many objective and subjective reasons, including economy management, the shortcomings of the centralized planning system and subsidy model were revealed quite severely, leading the country to gradually fall into serious socio-economic crisis. In such circumstances, the vital issue is to bring the country out of crisis. To achieve this, Vietnam had to drastically change its way of thinking and implementation development within the country. Since then, there have been new research findings and ways of doing business, providing novel answers to the questions raised.
    [Show full text]
  • Grading Regulators: the Impact of Global and Local Indicators on Vietnam's Business Governance
    NGUYEN-FIN.DOCX(DO NOT DELETE) 11/21/13 6:30 PM GRADING REGULATORS: THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL AND LOCAL INDICATORS ON VIETNAM’S BUSINESS GOVERNANCE TRANG (MAE) NGUYEN* International indicators are widely used as diagnostic tools for global governance. For the developing world, with scarce resources and complex social problems, indicators can help businesses, donors, and policymakers identify issues, tailor solutions, and measure impacts. This Note studies the dynamics between global and domestic indicators in Vietnam, particularly the ways they influence Vietnam’s policy processes. It finds that while global indicators have advanced the notion of competitiveness and made it a priority of the national government, sub-national indicators—here, a ranking of Vietnam’s provinces—play a significant role as a more tailored and focused tool to motivate internal competition for pro-business reforms. This Note therefore confirms the dominant viewpoint that global indicators influence a country’s development agenda, but concludes that this effect is even more pronounced in the presence of robust local indicators. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 2255 I. GOVERNANCE THROUGH COMPETITIVENESS INDICATORS .......... 2260 II. GOVERNANCE WITH VIETNAMESE CHARACTERISTICS ................. 2265 III. VIETNAM THROUGH THE LENS OF COMPETITIVENESS INDICES ... 2269 A. Global Assessments ............................................................... 2269 B. Local Assessments ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Entering the Vietnamese Textile and Apparel Consumer Market
    ENTERING THE VIETNAMESE TEXTILE AND APPAREL CONSUMER MARKET Case: Marimekko LAB UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES LTD Bachelor of Business Administration Degree Programme in International Business Spring 2020 Tran Hanh Abstract Author(s) Type of publication Published Tran, Hanh Bachelor’s thesis Spring 2020 Number of pages 73 pages, 6 pages of appendices Title of publication Entering the Vietnamese Textile and Apparel Consumer Market Case: Marimekko Name of Degree Bachelor of Business Administration Abstract The research aims to develop a market study regarding the Vietnamese apparel and textile industry to find out whether Vietnam is a potential market for Marimekko to enter. A market study aids the company in understanding the target market in order to form the right decisions and suitable strategies for entry. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in the research and both secondary and primary data were collected to support the study. Books, journals, articles, and reports are sources of secondary data, while direct interviews and questionnaires are sources of primary data for the thesis. The study was created by analyzing the macro-environment, the current situation of the industry and the important elements of the target market including competitors and consumers. PESTLE and Porter’s Five Forces were used as the research models to find the answers. The study results show that Vietnam is a potential market to Marimekko despite a significant degree of rivalry as well as a low level of brand perception. However, a more in-depth study of the market and more researches on product development for the target market should be conducted before entry to ensure a successful outcome.
    [Show full text]
  • ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION Telecommunications and Information Working Group TWENTY FIFTH MEETING (TEL 25) CHAIR's REPOR
    ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION Telecommunications and Information Working Group TWENTY FIFTH MEETING (TEL 25) CHAIR’S REPORT 11 – 15 March 2002, Hanoi, Viet Nam TWENTY-FIFTH MEETING of the APEC WORKING GROUP ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION CHAIR’S REPORT INTRODUCTION The twenty-fifth meeting of the Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Working Group on Telecommunications and Information (TEL) was held in Hanoi, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from 11 – 15 March 2002. Nineteen economies of the APEC region were represented, including Australia; Brunei; Canada; People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Peru; Philippines; Russia; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; USA and Vietnam. Also attending were the Director (Program) of the APEC Secretariat, Observers from the Pacific Economic Co-operation Council (PECC); and representatives of five Guests (GTAC, ITU, AOEMA, INTUG and Macao, China). file:///C|/Documents and Settings/kisdi/바탕 화면/03000000200402007.htm (1 / 55)2007-01-25 오후 1:48:32 ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION Mr Richard Thwaites of Australia chaired the meeting. A. OPENING OF TEL 25 The 25th Meeting of the APEC Telecommunications and Information Working Group was officially opened on the morning of 13 March by His Excellency Dr Mai Liem Truc, Secretary General of the Department General of Posts and Telecommunications, who welcomed delegates to Hanoi. In his opening speech, Dr Truc proposed that the TEL conduct its meeting with two goals in mind: firstly, considering how to deliver practical results of its work to member economies; and secondly, how to address member economies’ needs for universal access to information and communication services and human capacity building in Information Technologies.
    [Show full text]