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Report on the Current State- Of-Art on Protection

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Report on the Current State- Of-Art on Protection REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATE- OF-ART ON PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL RUINS D.T1.1.1 12/2017 Table of contents: 1. INTRODUCTION - THE SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ........................................................................... 3 2. HISTORIC RUIN IN THE SCOPE OF THE CONSERVATION THEORY ........................................................................... 5 2.1 Permanent ruin as a form of securing a historic ruin .................................................................... 5 2.2 "Historic ruin" vs. "contemporary ruin" ............................................................................................ 6 2.3 Limitations characterizing historic ruins ....................................................................................... 10 2.4 Terminology of the conservation activities on damaged objects ............................................... 12 3. RESEARCH ON HISTORIC RUINS ................................................................................................................................ 14 3.1. Stocktaking measurements ............................................................................................................. 14 3.1.1. Traditional measuring techniques .............................................................................................. 17 3.1.2. Geodetic method ............................................................................................................................ 19 3.1.3. Traditional, spherical, and photography using the drone .................................................... 20 3.1.4. Photogrammetry ............................................................................................................................. 22 3.1.5. 3D scanning ...................................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.6. Literature of the chapter ............................................................................................................. 28 3.2. In situ testing of materials and structural elements ................................................................... 29 3.2.1. Examination of physical features of structural elements ..................................................... 29 3.2.2. Biological corrosion tests .............................................................................................................. 40 3.2.3. Macroscopic research – outcrops ................................................................................................ 45 3.3. Laboratory tests of materials and structural elements .............................................................. 49 3.3.1. Compressive strength test ............................................................................................................ 49 3.3.2. Humidity testing by the gravimetric method ........................................................................... 52 3.3.3. Salinity tests .................................................................................................................................... 60 3.3.4. Computer analysis .......................................................................................................................... 69 3.3.5. Literature of the chapter ............................................................................................................. 71 4. REPAIRS OF HISTORIC RUINS .................................................................................................................................... 73 4.1 Repairs of masonry walls of historic ruins ..................................................................................... 73 4.1.1. Damage to the masonry wall's structure ................................................................................... 74 4.1.2. Repairs of the masonry structures ............................................................................................. 81 4.1.3. Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 86 4.1.4. Literature: ....................................................................................................................................... 87 4.2 Repairs of wall crests ........................................................................................................................ 89 4.2.1. Characteristic features of ruined wall crests .......................................................................... 89 4.2.2. Degradation of the wall crest ...................................................................................................... 92 4.2.3. Methods of protection of the wall crests .................................................................................. 96 4.2.4. Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 106 4.2.5. Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................... 107 5. NATIONAL REPORTS ON THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC RUINS ............................................................................... 108 Matej Bel University (Slovakia) ........................................................................................................... 109 The Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics CAS, v. v. i. (Czech Republic)................... 116 City of Zadar, Zadar County Development Agency ZADRA NOVA (Croatia) ................................. 126 SiTI – Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innovation (Italy) ............................................ 131 Municipality of Velenje (Slovenia) ...................................................................................................... 153 Venetian Heritage Cluster (Italy) ........................................................................................................ 195 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 210 2 1. INTRODUCTION - THE SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT “Report on the current state-of-art on protection, conservation and preservation of medieval ruins” is a summary of the task – Activity A.T1.1 - Elaboration of state- of-art on protection of the ruins (based on the literature and case studies). The aim of the task was to collect information, analyse, and synthesize information on the current state of knowledge in the field of conservation protection of the historic ruins. Due to the RUINS project structure, the report is to form the basis for developing further project activities. The report focuses on technical issues and their conditions, because issues related to the use and management of ruins are the subject of other reports developed as a part of the project. The report has been prepared on the basis of a literature analysis devoted to the protection of historic ruins and information collected during study visits organized as part of the RUINS project. According to the assumptions of the project, all teams participated in the preparation of the report. Individual teams developed national reports that were included in the preparation of this report. The comprehensive report was developed by a project team from the Lublin University of Technology and ICOMOS Poland. Due to the nature of the issues, the team involved construction engineers and architects specializing in technical issues of protection of the historic ruins. Due to the scope of the project and its further tasks, the assumptions regarding the nature and structure of the report were adopted. On the basis of the initial analysis of literature and the case studies, it was assumed that the development of the state of knowledge should be focused on the issues that are most important for the conservation problems of the protection of historic ruins. With this assumption in mind, the structure of the report was adopted, which consists of the following parts: "Historic ruin in the scope of the conservation theory" "Studies of historic ruins" "Repairs of historic ruins" "National reports on the conservation of historic ruins" "Conclusions and recommendations" In the part titled "Historic ruin in the scope of the conservation theory", information was presented that depicts a historic ruin from the point of view of contemporary conservation theory. Issues important to choose the form of 3 protection of ruins are presented – the characteristics of the historic ruins as a separate typological group of monuments, the separateness of the so-called "contemporary ruin" and "historic ruin", principles of protection of historic ruins, and terminology. In the part entitled "Studies of historic ruins", the research has been presented, which should be the basis for the assessment of the ruins technical condition and which determine the scope of conservation works. The presented scope of research is of a comprehensive nature as it covers the diagnostics of all elements and damages that are important in the historic ruins. After further development of the project, this part of the project may be a separate publication. In the part titled "Repairs of historic ruins", selected issues related to securing the historic ruins were presented. Two key issues for the technical protection of the ruins
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