Giuseppe Verdi

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FROM THE ROMAN THEATRE OF ORANGE GIUSEPPE VERDI LEO NUCCI CELSO ALBELO NADINE SIERRA MARIE-ANGE TODOROVITCH ORCHESTRE PHILHARMONIQUE DE RADIO FRANCE CONDUCTED BY MIKKO FRANCK STAGED BY CHARLES ROUBAUD GIUSEPPE VERDI Orchestra Orchestre Philharmonique Against the breathtaking backdrop of the Théâtre antique de Radio France d’Orange, Europe’s best preserved amphitheatre, the festival Conductor Mikko Franck Chorégies d’Orange presents Verdi’s masterpiece Rigoletto. Choeur de l’Opéra Grand Legendary Italian baritone Leo Nucci teams up with rising star Chorus Avignon Nadine Sierra for a “perfect symbiosis which inevitably leaves Chorus Master Aurore Marchand you speechless” (ForumOpéra). Stage Director Charles Roubaud In the extraordinary open air performance of Rigoletto, staged by Charles Roubaud on a monumental scale, much-loved Leo The Duke of Mantua Celso Albelo Nucci reprises his role as the hunch-backed court jester of the Rigoletto Leo Nucci Duke of Mantua: having performed the title role of the tragic Gilda Nadine Sierra hero more than 500 times, Nucci has “lost nothing of his aura” Sparafucile Stefan Kocan (Le Monde). Rising star soprano Nadine Sierra “reveals the Maddalena Marie-Ange Todorovitch infinite tenderness of an angelic nature” Le( Monde) as Gilda. Giovanna Cornelia Oncioiu One of the most exciting voices of today, Celso Albelo embraces Count Monterone Wojtek Smilek the role as the Duke of Mantua, while Marie-Ange Todorovitch Marullo Igor Gnidii shines as Magdalena. The excellent cast is supported by the Borsa Christophe Berry Philharmonic Orchestra of Radio France, led by Mikko Franck Count Ceprano Jean-Marie Delpas who became the orchestra’s Musical Director in 2015. The joint Countess Ceprano Amélie Robins forces of the Choirs of the Operas of Avignon, Monte-Carlo Court Usher Vincenzo Cristofoli and Nice add to the vibrant nocturnal atmosphere in Orange’s Page Violette Polchi picturesque amphitheatre. A staging of Rigoletto “charged with adrenaline!” (ForumOpéra) Video Director Andy Sommer Length: approx. 130' Shot in HDTV 1080/50i Cat. no. A 010 50073 A coproduction of CLC, Chorégies d’Orange and Radio France in cooperation with France Télévisions, medici.tv and UNITEL with support of CNC World Sales: All rights reserved · credits not contractual · Different territories · Photos: © Philippe Gromelle, ChristianBernateau · Flyer: luebbeke.com Flyer: ChristianBernateau · Gromelle, contractual Philippe Different Photos: © territories credits · not rights · All reserved · Tel. +49.30.30306464 [email protected] Unitel GmbH & Co. KG, Germany · Tel. +49.89.673469-630 · [email protected] www.unitel.de.

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Verdi Week on Operavore Program Details
Verdi Week on Operavore Program Details Listen at WQXR.ORG/OPERAVORE Monday, October, 7, 2013 Rigoletto Duke - Luciano Pavarotti, tenor Rigoletto - Leo Nucci, baritone Gilda - June Anderson, soprano Sparafucile - Nicolai Ghiaurov, bass Maddalena – Shirley Verrett, mezzo Giovanna – Vitalba Mosca, mezzo Count of Ceprano – Natale de Carolis, baritone Count of Ceprano – Carlo de Bortoli, bass The Contessa – Anna Caterina Antonacci, mezzo Marullo – Roberto Scaltriti, baritone Borsa – Piero de Palma, tenor Usher - Orazio Mori, bass Page of the duchess – Marilena Laurenza, mezzo Bologna Community Theater Orchestra Bologna Community Theater Chorus Riccardo Chailly, conductor London 425846 Nabucco Nabucco – Tito Gobbi, baritone Ismaele – Bruno Prevedi, tenor Zaccaria – Carlo Cava, bass Abigaille – Elena Souliotis, soprano Fenena – Dora Carral, mezzo Gran Sacerdote – Giovanni Foiani, baritone Abdallo – Walter Krautler, tenor Anna – Anna d’Auria, soprano Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra Vienna State Opera Chorus Lamberto Gardelli, conductor London 001615302 Aida Aida – Leontyne Price, soprano Amneris – Grace Bumbry, mezzo Radames – Placido Domingo, tenor Amonasro – Sherrill Milnes, baritone Ramfis – Ruggero Raimondi, bass-baritone The King of Egypt – Hans Sotin, bass Messenger – Bruce Brewer, tenor High Priestess – Joyce Mathis, soprano London Symphony Orchestra The John Alldis Choir Erich Leinsdorf, conductor RCA Victor Red Seal 39498 Simon Boccanegra Simon Boccanegra – Piero Cappuccilli, baritone Jacopo Fiesco - Paul Plishka, bass Paolo Albiani – Carlos Chausson, bass-baritone Pietro – Alfonso Echevarria, bass Amelia – Anna Tomowa-Sintow, soprano Gabriele Adorno – Jaume Aragall, tenor The Maid – Maria Angels Sarroca, soprano Captain of the Crossbowmen – Antonio Comas Symphony Orchestra of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona Chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona Uwe Mund, conductor Recorded live on May 31, 1990 Falstaff Sir John Falstaff – Bryn Terfel, baritone Pistola – Anatoli Kotscherga, bass Bardolfo – Anthony Mee, tenor Dr.
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LA SCALA ACADEMY of LYRIC OPERA Academic Years 2021-2023
CALL FOR APPLICATIONS LA SCALA ACADEMY OF LYRIC OPERA academic years 2021-2023 Photo: Mario Wurzburger AT SCHOOL WITH LA SCALA LA SCALA ACADEMY he La Scala Academy provides thorough, in-depth OF LYRIC OPERA training to professional figures involved in the ounded by Riccardo Muti in 1997 under the artistic performing arts through its four departments: T direction of Leyla Gencer (and later of her successors Music, Dance, Stagecraft, Management. Its broad FMirella Freni and Renato Bruson), the La Scala Academy curriculum ranges from basic and core training courses of Lyric Opera carries forward the legacy of the “Cadetti to specialization courses and professional workshops. della Scala” school instituted in 1950 by Arturo Toscanini to The highest level of instruction is ensured by Teatro conserve and transmit the Italian operatic tradition to the alla Scala professionals, acclaimed performers, and new generations. renowned experts in the performing arts. The Academy provides young opera singers with a solid The teaching method derives from the philosophy of background in voice and music, honing their technical and learning by doing and prepares students for their future interpretive skills in a two-year program to prepare them for career through intense daily exposure to the performing a successful professional career. arts in a real world context. The teaching staff is composed of artists of the highest caliber who are able to transmit their stage experience to the students. They are led by Luciana D’Intino, head instructor, in charge of vocal and interpretive technique. Among her colleagues are the opera coaches Vincenzo Scalera, Umberto FOUNDING PARTNERS Finazzi, James Vaughan, Nelson Guido Calzi, and Michele D’Elia for role studies, and the director Marina Bianchi, who teaches stage arts.
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Verdi (1813-1901) La Voix Humaine
BIOGRAPHIES SIMON CALLAGHAN CONWAY Steinway Artist Simon Callaghan has performed throughout the UK, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, Austria, France and Belgium and has broadcast on BBC TV and radio. Engagements have included Wigmore Hall, Fairfield HALL Hall, Birmingham Symphony Hall, St David’s Hall Cardiff and Liverpool Philharmonic Hall. In chamber music he has SUNDAY performed with the Maggini, Sacconi and Carducci Quartets, Tim Hugh, Raphael Wallfisch, Jack Liebeck and the actors Samuel and Timothy West and Prunella Scales. Other highlights include a gala concert with ENO principals, CONCERTS a residency at the Banff Centre (Canada) a highly acclaimed recording of English piano music and the first UK performance since 1946 of Medtner’s Third Piano Concerto. Recent recordings include a two-disc recording of Delius orchestral works in arrangements for two pianos, a two-volume set of Brahms and a highly-acclaimed world premiere recording of music by Roger Sacheverell Coke (on SOMM). Simon is Head of Piano at the Ingenium Summer Academy (Winchester) and Artistic Director of the renowned Conway Hall Sunday Concerts, the longest-running Patrons - Stephen Hough, Laura Ponsonby AGSM, Prunella Scales chamber music series in Europe. CBE, Roderick Swanston, Hiro Takenouchi and Timothy West CBE Artistic Director - Simon Callaghan Sunday February 14th 2016, 6:30pm VALENTINE’S OPERA GALA NEXT AT CONWAY HALL Sunday February 21st 2016, 6.30pm FABIEN THOUAND (OBOE) with members of the London Symphony Orchestra SOPRANO ILONA DOMNICH MARIO SOFRONIOU Laurent Quenelle - Violin TENOR Malcolm Johnston - Viola BARITONE SIMON WALLFISCH Eve-Maria Caravassilis - Cello PIANO SIMON CALLAGHAN Mozart Oboe Quartet in F K370 Fiala Oboe Quartet in F Britten Phantasy in F minor Moeran Fantasy Quartet Françaix Quartet (for Cor Anglais and String Trio) Please follow us on Facebook and Twitter to stay updated about concerts and news.
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Beatrice Benzi – Pianist
BEATRICE BENZI – PIANIST ______________________________________________________________________ A graduate of the G. Verdi Conservatory in Milan in 1984 under the guide of M° Bruno Canino, Beatrice Benzi continued her studies with him in Milano and Barcelona (Spain). She was effect student in “Accedemia Chigiana” of Siena with M° Michele Campanella . During this time she graduated in “Lingue e letterature straniere modern” at the University of Milan. She began her career as a chamber musician, notably as a member of a piano duo with Gianandrea Noseda (now conductor) and also as part of a chamber ensemble. She was the pianist of “I Pomeriggi Musicali di Milano”’s Orchestra and subsequently of Filarmonica della Scala where she participated into European and mondial tournée with M° Riccardo Muti. Since 1991 she has worked at La Scala with internationally renowned conductors such as quali Riccardo Muti, Riccardo Chailly, Gianandrea Gavazzeni, Donato Renzetti, Patrick Fourniller, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Jeffrey Tate, James Colon, Daniel Harding, Zubin Metha, Daniele Gatti and Riccardo Chailly, with whom she collaborated on several recordings for the Decca label including “Il Turco in Italia” with Cecilia Bartoli,” Rossini Cantatas vol. 1 and 2” again with Bartoli, and “Pavarotti’s Greatest Hits” with Luciano Pavarotti. Furthermore she worked with Barbara Frittoli, Cecilia Bartoli, Dolora Zajick, Leo Nucci, Samuel Ramey, Andrea Rost, , Placido Domingo, Luciano Pavarotti,Marcello Giordani e Roberto Scandiuzzi. Beatrice has worked with many celebrated singers including Barbara Frittoli, Cecilia Bartoli, Dolora Zajick, Leo Nucci, Samuel Ramey, Andrea Rost, Annick Massis, Placido Domingo, Luciano Pavarotti, Marcello Giordani and Roberto Scandiuzzi. She has collaborated on masterclasses in New York for the winners of the Gerda Lissner Competition with tenor Marcello Giordani and worked with Maestro Zubin Mehta at the“Festival del Mediterraneo” a Valencia in 2012 and 2013 and in Tel Aviv on production of Otello and La Traviata.
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04-14-2018 Luisa Miller Mat.Indd
GIUSEPPE VERDI luisa miller conductor Opera in three acts Bertrand de Billy Libretto by Salvadore Cammarano, production Elijah Moshinsky based on the play Kabale und Liebe by Friedrich von Schiller set and costume designer Santo Loquasto Saturday, April 14, 2018 lighting designer 12:30–4:00 PM Duane Schuler revival stage director Gregory Keller The production of Luisa Miller was made possible by a generous gift from Catherine and Ephraim Gildor The revival of this production is made possible by a gift from Rolex and Mrs. Jayne Wrightsman general manager Peter Gelb music director designate Yannick Nézet-Séguin 2017–18 SEASON The 91st Metropolitan Opera performance of GIUSEPPE VERDI’S This performance luisa miller is being broadcast live over The Toll Brothers– Metropolitan Opera conductor International Radio Bertrand de Billy Network, sponsored by Toll Brothers, in order of vocal appearance America’s luxury ® homebuilder , with miller generous long-term Plácido Domingo support from The Annenberg luisa Foundation, The Sonya Yoncheva Neubauer Family Foundation, the laura Vincent A. Stabile Rihab Chaieb** Endowment for Broadcast Media, rodolfo and contributions Piotr Beczała from listeners worldwide. wurm Dmitry Belosselskiy Visit List Hall at the first intermission for count walter the Toll Brothers- Alexander Vinogradov Metropolitan Opera Quiz. federica Olesya Petrova This performance is also being broadcast a peasant live on Metropolitan Patrick Miller Opera Radio on SiriusXM channel 75. Saturday, April 14, 2018, 12:30–4:00PM This afternoon’s performance is being transmitted live in high definition to movie theaters worldwide. The Met: Live in HD series is made possible by a generous grant from its founding sponsor, The Neubauer Family Foundation.
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*Encore Opera Elixir of Love 3:6:20
ENCORE OPERA FOUNDED BY STEVE SCHWARTZ For March 6, 2019 A FURTIVE TEAR by GENE MARTIN This Week’s Program I am reprinting Steve’s and my Notes G Donizetti’s for a repeat performance which includes an encore ! L’Elisir d’Amore The best two parts of this opera for me are The Elixir of Love first the encore of Una furtiva lagrima that with English Subtitles Rolando Villazon sang during the recorded ————- performance and second, watching Anna Runtime: 130 minutes • Produced by Netrebko’s flirting with anyone except him. Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF) 2005 for TV DVD released 2006 by Virgin Classics Watch carefully after Mr. V brings the MPAA not rated • ASIN: B000F3T3CS house down when he sings “Una…” to see the camera catch the momentary interplay NOTES by STEVE SCHWARTZ between artist and conductor, as their This opera may be the most famous and glances seem to say, “So, do it again? popular of bel canto buffa opera. A Sure, let’s.” (See page 4 for translation.) simple-minded, good-hearted country Moreover, I love the fact that Donizetti bumpkin wins the heart of our heroine wrote Nemorino’s victory aria —he has who never gave him a nod before. won, finally she loves him— as a love song “How did this miracle come to pass?” you rather than a triumphant anthem, a song may ask. The answer is simple: his rich of concern about his love and her pain at uncle died and left him a fortune. That watching all the “girls” pursue him, stroke of luck caused her to recognize his thinking that now she has lost him.
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Verdi's Macbeth
Verdi’s Macbeth - A Survey of the Major Recordings by Ralph Moore Although Macbeth was still a product of his anni di galera, Verdi was able to expend more time, care and effort over it than he had had for his previous operas, working closely with Piave, his first librettist, then the poet Maffei to ensure that the spirit and even precisely some of the language (translated into Italian, obviously) of his beloved Shakespeare infused the work, and giving his singers close instructions regarding how he wanted it performed. As such, it was a watershed opera, representing a great leap forward in both his music and dramaturgy. He had the further advantage of a star baritone playing the lead role; Felice Varesi enjoyed the greatest success of his career at its premiere in 1847. As a result, despite some stylistic infelicities and a certain incongruity between the earlier, rum-ti-tum style of its original form and the sophistication of the later additions, Macbeth, having largely dropped out of sight until it was revived post WW2, is now deservedly popular and frequently staged. It is today almost invariably heard in the revision which Verdi made for Paris in 1864. One live performance and one studio recording below present the 1847 original; the latter is included here merely for its comedy value. There is also a recording of a live performance given at the Valle d'Itria Festival, Martina Franca in 1997 which I have not heard but by all accounts is not as well sung as the 1978 live recording on Opera Rara.
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Donizetti Resources
GAETANO DONIZETTI RESOURCES Books Donizetti and His Operas (Cambridge Paperback Library) Author: William Ashbrook. This original monograph about Donizetti is published in paperback. Cambridge University Press. 1983. Gaetano Donizetti : A Guide to Research (Composer Resource Manuals, Volume 51) Author: James P. Cassaro. This hardcover research and information guide offers an annotated reference guide to the life and works of this important Italian opera composer. The book includes a complete chronology of Donizetti's life (1797-1848) and career, secondary resources and other works, including general sources, catalogs, correspondence, biographical sources, critical works; production/review sources, singers and theaters, and the individual operas. Routledge. 2000. Gaetano Donizetti: A Research and Information Guide (Routledge Music Bibliographies) Author: James P. Cassaro. This hardcover research and information guide offers an annotated reference guide to the life and works of this important Italian opera composer. The book opens with a complete chronology of Donizetti's life (1797-1848) and career. The balance of the book details secondary resources and other works, including general sources, catalogs, correspondence, biographical sources, critical works; production/review sources, singers and theaters, and the individual operas. Routledge. 2009. SAN FRANCISCO OPERA Education Materials GAETANO DONIZETTI Resources Film/DVDs SF Opera: Opera in an Hour / Donizetti’s The Elixir of Love (2008) These one-hour versions of San Francisco Opera performances are FREE for all Bay Area educators to use in their classrooms. Sung in English with English subtitles. http://sfopera.com/discover-opera/education- programs/for-schools/opera-in-an-hour-movies/ Preview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAsBDVHkSDI Gaetano Donizetti - L'Elisir d'Amore / Netrebko, Villazon, Schenk, Eschwé, Wiener Staatsoper (2005) Actors: Rolando Villazon, Anna Netrebko, Ildebrando d'Arcangelo, Leo Nucci, Alfred Eschwé.
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José María Olabarri, 2 Y 4 (Bajo) • 48001 BILBAO • Tel 94 435 51 00 • Fax 94 435 51 01 • E-Mail: [email protected] • • LEO NUCCI Barítono
ABAO-OLBE pone de nuevo la ópera al servicio de la cultura, con un programa de actividades que transciende lo escénico y amplía su alcance a nuevas experiencias en torno a la lírica. La Segunda Edición del encuentro “Horizontes de excelencia en el canto lírico” presenta un exclusivo Diálogo con el versátil e indiscutible barítono de referencia: Leo Nucci, un cantante que frecuenta los repertorios más impactantes de la escena operística. Además de lo que su presencia supone en los escenarios más prestigiosos del mundo, Nucci ha facilitado siempre una ejemplar disposición por difundir y acercar las emociones de la ópera y la música. Fernando Sans Rivière, historiador, editor, promotor musical, crítico de ópera y director de la revista especializada Ópera Actual, conduce un recorrido por la trayectoria profesional de Leo Nucci, quien este año celebra el 50 aniversario de su debut como cantante. Gracias al apoyo y colaboración de Fundación BBVA, este Diálogo se integra como parte de la programación especial de la 65 Temporada de ópera en Bilbao. ABAO-OLBE y Fundación BBVA colaboran con el objetivo de crear entornos de reflexión y encuentro con la máxima calidad, garantizando un espacio social que asegure a todos el derecho de acceso a la cultura y la ópera. José María Olabarri, 2 y 4 (bajo) • 48001 BILBAO • Tel 94 435 51 00 • Fax 94 435 51 01 • e-mail: [email protected] • www.abao.org • LEO NUCCI Barítono Nació en Castiglione dei Pepoli (Boloña) en 1942. Tras haber ganado numerosos concursos, en 1967 debutó en el Teatro Sperimentale de Spoleto como “Figaro” en Il barbiere di Siviglia de Rossini.
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La Scala, Lake Como & Verona
NORTHERN ITALY : L A SCALA , L AKE COMO & V ERONA Thursday, June 30th through Saturday, July 9th Bellagio on Lake Como “One hundred years after its inaugu ration, the ur annual summer Tour to Northern Festival dell’Arena di Verona is an essential Italy remains among our most popular part of the operatic scene... As for the atmo - offerings and is invariably sold out. For sphere: A kaleidoscope of feelings, impressions 2016, our program at the beginning of and colours that makes the city’s amphitheatre OJuly will encompass two performances the focal point of a mass phenomenon at Milan’s legendary Teatro alla Scala and unmatched anywhere else in terms of scale, three evenings in the spectacular Verona reper toire and results.” Opera, Nov. ’13 Arena – including Verona’s signature production of Verdi’s Aida . Between these “Lake Como remains a place of consummate two prime operatic destinations, we will enjoy partnership between the beauties of nature Piazza delle erbe, Verona a three-night respite in the idyllic village of and those of humanity… Like so many of Bellagio on the shores of Lake Como . It is Italy’s most beautiful villa gardens, those of Como owe their beauty difficult to imagine a more breathtaking site than the Grand Villa to the landscape architecture of two eras: the Renaissance Italian, Serbelloni, where we will relax without any performances. The with its taste for order, and the 19th-century English, with its magnificent views and the intoxicating charm of the village have fondness for illusions of natural wildness.” evoked unanimous enthusiasm from our travelers over the past Fodor two decades.
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Verdi Booklet Rz Layout 1 31.10.13 17:37 Seite 1
900904_Verdi_Booklet_rz_Layout 1 31.10.13 17:37 Seite 1 VERDI DAS WAHRE ERFINDEN EINE HÖRBIOGRAFIE VON JÖRG HANDSTEIN 900904_Verdi_Booklet_rz_Layout 1 31.10.13 17:37 Seite 2 GIUSEPPE VERDI 1813–1901 Bonustrack: Giuseppe Verdi Inno popolare 03 „Suona la tromba“ (Fassung mit Klavier) 4:20 DAS WAHRE ERFINDEN 04 „Suona la tromba“ (A-cappella-Fassung) 3:23 Eine Hörbiografie von Jörg Handstein Chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks CD 1 Max Hanft Klavier Peter Dijkstra Leitung 01 Kapitel 1: Von der Dorfkirche an die Scala (1813-1839) 23:46 Total time 57:32 02 Kapitel 2: Auf der Galeere (1840-1846) 23:56 03 Kapitel 3: Viva Italia! (1847-1849) 23:32 Udo Wachtveitl Erzähler Total time 71:17 Hans Jürgen Stockerl Giuseppe Verdi CD 2 Katja Amberger Giuseppina 01 Kapitel 4: Peppino und Peppina (1849-1853) 23:53 Gert Heidenreich, Folkert Dücker, Beate Himmelstoß Zitate 02 Kapitel 5: Viva V.E.R.D.I. (1853-1861) 23:31 Jörg Handstein Autor 03 Kapitel 6: Keine Ruhe im Land (1861-1869) 23:44 Ulrike Schwarz, Fabian Zweck Tonregie und Technik Total time 71:12 Bernhard Neuhoff Redaktion und Regie CD 3 01 Kapitel 7: National und triumphal (1869-1878) 24:28 02 Kapitel 8: Wer zuletzt lacht... (1879-1901) 25:07 Aufnahme „Suona la tromba“: 23.09.2013, Studio 2 (BR), Tonmeister: Jörg Moser; © Ricordi Milano Fotos: Giuseppe Verdi (Cover) C Achille Ferrario, Milano, 1893; Giuseppe Verdi (S. 4+19) C Giovanni Boldini, 1886; Eine Auflistung der Musikbeispiele finden Sie ab Seite 12 Revolution in Mailand (S. 9) C Felice Donghi · Design: [ec:ko] communications Editorial: Andrea Lauber.
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Verdi's Don Carlo
Verdi’s Don Carlo: a partial survey of the discography by Ralph Moore Introduction The CLOR discography lists 165 recordings of Don Carlo (or should that be Don Carlos? - more of that anon). A couple of live recordings in German were made before the first one in Italian, live from the Met 1950, with a cast headed by Jussi Bjőrling, then there was a whole slew of live and radio recordings throughout the 50’s from the Met and various Italian opera houses, punctuated by the first studio account conducted by Santini in Rome in 1954, with a stellar (and Stella) cast including Gobbi and Christoff. This still stands up remarkably well despite its age and some casting weakness. Santini was again at the helm for the next studio recording in 1961 with an even finer cast, then Solti recorded the Five Act version for Decca in 1965. For so great and popular an opera, Don Carlo has received very few studio recordings; Giulini followed in 1971, Karajan in 1978, Abbado in 1983-84, Levine in 1992 and Haitink in 1996. Only Abbado’s was in French, and Richard Farnes recorded an English version for Chandos in 2009. Thus, so far, we have had a grand total of only nine studio versions: seven in Italian, one in English and only one of the original French version, yet the catalogue is teeming with live performances. No survey can encompass so many, nor have I considered DVDs. However, I assess below some twenty-seven audio accounts, having restricted my choice to the nine studio recordings plus a sampling of live performances, including the three live recordings of original Five Act versions in French; the rest are variously either of the Four or Five Act versions in Italian.
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