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Society Esoterica Science Philosophy Issue No. 29 JULY - AUG 2018 NewAcropolis Philosophy and Education for the Future Bi-Monthly Magazine SOCIETY The Future Starts Where, Exactly? ESOTERICA PHILOSOPHY Rome and its Esoteric John of Salisbury: Origins - Part II Idealism in the Middle Ages SCIENCE Viktor Schauberger and the Living Energies of Water Upcoming Events TALK - TUESDAY 24 JULY, WORKSHOP - SATURDAY TALK - FRIDAY 17 AUGUST, AT 7.00 PM 4TH AUGUST, 11 AM - 5 PM AT 7.00 PM Immanuel Kant Textile Upcycling The Quest for – Certainty in an Workshop Spirituality in Uncertain World ‘Upcycling’ is the art of Modern Art transforming old or waste items/ This talk will look at Kant’s ideas The spiritual quest is deeply materials into something new, on morality and moral law. It embedded in the adventurous adding value through creativity will explore the question of paths pursued by a number of and design. Items are redirected whether morality is relative or artists during the 19th and 20th from landfill, extending their unconditional, and how this centuries. life, creating new purposes and might influence our daily actions. stories in the process. From Novalis, with his all- Admission £5 (£3 concs) embracing concept of poetry, The day will be made up of to surrealism with its discovery 2 parts – a lively talk that of the world of dreams, we find aims to connect this modern- artists attempting to explore day practice of upcycling to the mysteries of the night, as a timeless philosophical ideas of All the events are taking place at: symbol of the infinite. transformation/alchemy, “Cradle NEW ACROPOLIS to Cradle” learning, modelling We will explore this deep quest 19 Compton Terrace, from nature and perceptions for spiritual meaning in some of Islington, of beauty. Following the talk the works of Novalis, Kandinsky, London, (and a break) we will put some Dali, Caspar David Friedrich and N1 2UN of the concepts into practice in the Pre-Raphaelites. www.newacropolisuk.org a creative sewing session (bring Admission £5 (£3 concs) To keep up to date with our latest along some old clothes for events: rejuvenation!) No experience is Facebook : New Acropolis UK needed. Twitter:@newacropolisLDN The workshop is brought to Instagram:@newacropolisuk you by Barley Massey, owner Meetup: Practical Philosophy of of Fabrications in Broadway East and West Market. Fees: £35 (£25 concs) NEW ACROPOLIS Philosophy and Education for the Future About Us Editorial NEW ACROPOLIS is an Team international organization working in the fields of Sabine Leitner - Director philosophy, culture and volunteering. Our aim is to Julian Scott - Editor revive philosophy as a means of Agostino Dominici - Project renewal and transformation and Manager and Designer to offer a holistic education that Natalia Lema - Public Relations can develop both our human potential as well as the practical skills needed in order to meet the challenges of today and to create a better society for the next generation. Philosophy For further details please visit : Culture WWW.NEWACROPOLISUK.ORG Volunteering What’s Inside EDITORIAL PHILOSOPHY 04 John of 05 Salisbury : Idealism in the Middle Ages ESOTERICA SOCIETY Rome and its Esoteric 09 The Future Starts 07 Origins – Part II Where, Exactly? ART Art and Beauty 10 in Garden Design CULTURE The Need 12 for Rituals in Modern Society SCIENCE & NATURE Viktor Schauberger 14 and the Living Energies of Water MYTHS OF THE WORLD Star Wars and the 16 Ancient Wisdom Editorial Do we REALLY think? about something? Surely, thinking exists for different “There is a strange interdependence between purposes and in different degrees, like every other thoughtlessness and evil”, wrote Hannah Arendt human activity. who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of We have to ask ourselves whether we make full use Philosophy, was one of the most influential political of our faculty to think. Do we really think when we philosophers of the 20th century. “The sad truth is vote for populist governments? Do we actually think that most evil is done by people who never make up when we buy things we don’t really need? Did we their minds to be good or evil”, she reported from really think when we invented plastic (an artificial the trial of the Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem material designed to last and therefore to break in 1961 to the New York Times. “This inability to down very slowly) and introduced it in incredibly think created the possibility for many ordinary men vast quantities into our lives and our waste? Are we to commit evil deeds on a gigantic scale, the like of really thinking now when we race ahead to introduce which had never been seen before.” AI or make ourselves more and more dependent on ever more fragile systems of connectivity? For the philosopher Hannah Arendt, the ability to think was inextricably linked to the ability to tell right from wrong. I would also add that only a deep kind of thinking can lead to profound insights, a better understanding and, above all, to wisdom which we surely need to make the right decisions. Unfortunately, we are not really taught how to think deeply and properly. For our output-oriented educational system, for instance, thinking about the essential nature of the human being, about whether our actions are right or wrong or about whether life has a meaning, is a waste of time. Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) Hannah Arendt But in view of the dangerously powerful means we Perhaps unsurprisingly, her book about the trial, have created and the complex challenges we face “Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality today, we cannot afford not to think deeply. We all of Evil”, received not only praise but also much need to become philosophers in the original sense: criticism for portraying Eichmann as just someone lovers of wisdom. Otherwise, we will again and ordinary, a ‘thoughtless’ functionary who organised again pay a painful price for our inability to think. deportations of Jews to the concentration camps Confucius said: “By three methods we may learn with no evil intent but, rather, just to follow orders. wisdom: first, by reflection, which is the noblest; Critics pointed out that to attribute the enormity second, by imitation, which is the easiest; and third of the Nazi crimes to an inability to think was a by experience, which is the bitterest.” Do we really trivialisation of evil. have to repeat mistakes over and over again and However, I do think that Hannah Arendt has a cause tremendous suffering before we can learn? point. It is, of course, true that thinking is something Sabine Leitner that we all do automatically, and we normally never stop having thoughts move through our minds. But are there not different kinds of thinking? Is thinking about everyday matters the same as thinking deeply PHILOSOPHY John of Salisbury Idealism in the Middle Ages n medieval philosophy one always finds one of the latter. Born somewhere between 1115 a tension between faith and reason. To and 1120 in Old Sarum, the forerunner of the put it simplistically, reason comes from modern Salisbury, he went to France at the age of Ithe philosophers of classical antiquity, while 16 in order to study with the great masters of the faith comes from the Christian doctrine. The time, such as the rationalist Peter Abelard, many philosophers of the Middle Ages were constantly of whose works were branded heretical. trying to reconcile these two facets: on the one He had a particularly close connection with hand the divine revelation, and on the other the so-called ‘School of Chartres’, a centre of the arguments of human reason which might enlightened thinking. One of his mentors was sometimes be at odds with revelation. the Neoplatonist scholar, Bernard of Chartres, Thus, there tended to be philosophers who were whose famous phrase quoted by John of Salisbury more on the side of faith and others who were was also later used by Isaac Newton: “We are like more on the side of reason. John of Salisbury was dwarfs sitting on the shoulders of giants so that A medieval scholar-monk at work. Detail from a Medieval Manuscript. we are able to see more and further than they, helped him to become a clerk of the Church. John not indeed by the sharpness of our own vision then went on to become part of the household or the height of our bodies, but because we of Archbishop Theobald of Canterbury, where are lifted up on high and raised aloft by the he was not only a secretary, but also a legal and greatness of giants.” political advisor. He wrote his first philosophical work at this time − the Entheticus − which John also travelled to Sicily, where an later became the model for his major works, the enlightened court existed under the patronage Metalogicon and the Policraticus. These books of its Norman king, Roger II. Scholars from were published in 1159 and dedicated to Thomas all over Europe would travel there and many Becket, chancellor of Henry II, who became works of antiquity were translated. All this archbishop of Canterbury three years later. points to the international nature of European culture at this time, which is sometimes The Metalogicon was written in defence of referred to as the ‘medieval renaissance’. Aristotelian logic. But the author he cited and followed most was Cicero, whose style and anti- Another of his influences was Bernard of dogmatic attitude he tried to imitate. At the Clairvaux, the French abbot who played an same time, he was clearly a Platonist (he refers active part in establishing the Cistercian order. to himself as an ‘Academic’, by which he meant Even though Bernard was against Abelard’s a follower of Plato’s Academy), even though teachings, he supported John of Salisbury and only the Timaeus was known in Europe at that time.
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