Note Sur Les Calendes Et Les Ides: Une Solidarité Structurale Dans Le Calendrier Romain
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II DIVA ANGERONA Everyone Knows How Often Both in Ancient and More
II DIVA ANGERONA Everyone knows how often both in ancient and more recent times scholars have attempted to interpret the nature and name of the goddess Angerona. And yet to me we seem to have made hardly any progress in this attempt. Aust 1 and Wissowa 2 have collected the relevant passages from ancient authors and other documents which I think it unnecessary to copy out. Neither the disease of angitia nor 'worries to be dispelled,' as urged on us by the ancients, are of any help towards an interpretation. Mommsen 3 thought Angerona was a goddess in charge of the New Year. He sought to derive the name from angerendum, &1to 't'ou &voccpepea6ocL 't'Ov ~A.Lov. The explanation was accepted by Wissowa but rightly rejected by others (Walde-Hofmann s.v. 'ganz unwahrscheinlich'). Recently Eva Fiesel 4 and Altheim 6 have sought an Etruscan origin for the name and connected it with the gentilitial name anx.arie, ancarie, anx.aru, ancaru. The suggestion is rejected by Vetter,8 and I cannot agree with it either. To the arguments offered by Vetter I can add the following. First, the derivatives in Latin of Etruscan names ending in -u usually end in -onius not -onus. 7 Secondly, the name Angerona seems to fit very well into a large series of such names belonging to truly Roman (or Sabine) goddesses. First of all we have Abeonam, Adeonam, Intercidonam, all 1 RE I, 2I8gff. 1 Rosch. Lex. I, 348ff; Rel. u. Kult.• 24I. 8 CIL I p. 409. ' Language II (1935) 122ff. -
Greek and Roman Mythology and Heroic Legend
G RE E K AN D ROMAN M YTH O LOGY AN D H E R O I C LE GEN D By E D I N P ROFES SOR H . ST U G Translated from th e German and edited b y A M D i . A D TT . L tt LI ONEL B RN E , , TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE S Y a l TUD of Greek religion needs no po ogy , and should This mus v n need no bush . all t feel who ha e looked upo the ns ns and n creatio of the art it i pired . But to purify stre gthen admiration by the higher light of knowledge is no work o f ea se . No truth is more vital than the seemi ng paradox whi c h - declares that Greek myths are not nature myths . The ape - is not further removed from the man than is the nature myth from the religious fancy of the Greeks as we meet them in s Greek is and hi tory . The myth the child of the devout lovely imagi nation o f the noble rac e that dwelt around the e e s n s s u s A ga an. Coar e fa ta ie of br ti h forefathers in their Northern homes softened beneath the southern sun into a pure and u and s godly bea ty, thus gave birth to the divine form of n Hellenic religio . M c an c u s m c an s Comparative ythology tea h uch . It hew how god s are born in the mind o f the savage and moulded c nn into his image . -
STATE TEMPLES INTRODUCED in ROME, 509-55 B.C.E
APPENDIX ONE STATE TEMPLES INTRODUCED IN ROME, 509-55 B.c.E. DEITY DATE CIRCUMSTANCES VOWER $ SOURCE DEDICATOR Saturn 501-493 N. R. N. R. N. R. N.R. Mercury 495 N. R. N. R. N. R. centurion Ceres, LiberIa 493 DROUGHT, WAR (Latins) dictator booty (Sen.) consul Castor & Pollux 484 WAR (Latins: Lake Regillus) dictator N. R. duumvir (son) Dius Fidius 466 N. R. Tarquin N. R. consul Apollo 431 PLAGUE Senate? N. R. consul Mater Matuta 396 WAR (Veii) dictator N. R. N. R. Juno Regina (II) 392 WAR (Etruscans) dictator N. R. N. R. Mars 388 WAR (Gauls) N. R. N. R. duumvir s.f. Juno Lucina 375 N. R. N. R. N. R. N. R. Juno Moneta 344 WAR (Aurunci) dictator duumviri N. R. Concordia (I) 304 reconciling Orders aedile fines curule aedile Salus 302 WAR (Samnites) consul N. R. dictator (self) Vica Pota 4th c. N. R. N. R. N. R. N. R. Bellona 296 WAR (Samnites/Etruscans) consul N. R. N. R. Jupiter Victor 295 WAR (Samnites) consul N. R. N. R. Venus Obsequens 295 N. R. aedile fines N. R. Victoria 294 WAR (Samnites) aedile fines consul (self) Jupiter Stator 294 WAR (Samnites) consul duumviri N. R. Appendix 1 (cont.) 1\.:) 0 0 DEI1Y DATE CIRCUMSTANCES VOWER $ SOURCE DEDICATOR Quirinus 293 WAR (Samnites) dictator N. R. consul (son) Fors Fortuna 293 WAR (Samnites/Etruscans) consul booty N. R. Aesculapius 291 PLAGUE N.R. Senate N. R. Summanus 278 lightning hits statue N. R. N. R. N. R. Cons us 273? WAR (Samnites et al.) consul? N. -
Angerona E Il Silenzio Del Confine. Tempi E Spazi Liminari Di Una Dea Romana Muta
Angerona e il silenzio del confine. Tempi e spazi liminari di una dea romana muta Ciro Parodo Angerona o Diva Angerona, a cui il 21 Dicembre era dedicata una festività denominata Angeronalia o Divalia1, si contraddistingue, al pari di Tacita Muta, per il suo mutismo. Come ricordato da Ovidio (fast. II, 583-616), chiamata in origine Lara, dal verbo λαλεῖν “chiacchierare”, la figlia del fiume Almone assunse il nome parlante di Tacita dopoché le fu strappata la lingua per ordine di Giove che intendeva così punirla per aver rivelato alla sorella Iuturna la passione amorosa nutrita dal padre degli dei nei suoi confronti e a Giunone il tentativo di seduzione del marito. Tacita fu quindi affidata a Mercurio affinché fosse condotta negli Inferi dove avrebbe presieduto alle acque del regno dei morti. Lungo la strada, tuttavia, il dio messaggero usò violenza nei confronti della ninfa che così partorì i Lares compitales preposti alla tutela dei crocicchi urbani e rurali. In Varrone la loro maternità è attribuita a Mania (ling. IX, 61; cfr. Lact. div. inst. I, 20, 35 che riporta anche la denominazione Larunda), ulteriore ipostasi divina – insieme a 1 Le fonti sono discordanti circa l’esatto nome della dea e della festività ad essa dedicata. Così in Varro ling. VI, 23; Solin. I, 6; Macr. Sat. III, 9, 4, è documentato il nome Angerona, mentre in Plin. nat. III, 65 e Macr. Sat. I, 10, 7 quello di Diva Angerona. Solo nel suddetto passo macrobiano è anche attestato il nome Angeronia. Parimenti, se nelle fonti letterarie (Varro ling. VI, 23; Fest. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Zeitschriftenverzeichnis Nach Namen
Zeitschriftenverzeichnis nach Namen Äarboger for nordisk oldkyndighed og = AarbKob Acta numismàtica (Barcelona) = ActaNum historie Acta orientalia Academiae scientiarum = ActaOrHung Abhandlungen der Geistes- und = AbhMainz hungaricae Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Acta philologica. Societas academica = ActaPhilSocDac Akademie der Wissenschaften und der dacoromana Literatur in Mainz Acta praehistorica et archaeologica = ActaPraehistA Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. = AbhMünchen Philosophische-historische Klasse. Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. = ActaTorunA Abhandlungen Archaeologia Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie = AbhBerlin Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. = ActaTorunHist der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Historia (Torun) Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie = AbhLeipzig Advances in Archaeological Method and = AMethTh der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Theory Philologisch-historische Klasse Aegaeum. Annales d'archeologie égéenne = Aegaeum Abr-Nahrain. An annual published by the = Abr-Nahrain de l'Université de Liège Department of Middle Eastern Studies, Aegyptiaca helvetica = AegHelv University of Melbourne Aegyptus = Aegyptus Accademie e biblioteche d'Italia = AcBibl Aevum antiquum = AevumAnt Acme. Annali della Facoltà di lettere e = Acme Aevum. Rassegna di scienze storiche = Aevum filosofia dell'Università degli studi di linguistiche e filologiche Milano Africa. Institut national d'archéologie et = Africa Acta Academiae Aboensis = ActaAcAbo d'art, Tunis Acta ad archaeologiam et artium = ActaAArtHist Ägypten und Levante. -
Roman Baby Girl Names
Roman Baby Girl Names Name Meaning Inspired from the Roman word ?Hestia?, Vesta, in Roman mythology refers to the Vesta Goddess of the Hearth. It is believed to be a continuous fire which the Vestal Virgins tended to and it burned in the Vesta Temple in Rome. Roman mythology legends portray Venus as the goddess of ?sex and love?. She is Venus also known to be an ancestor of the people of Rome. Interestingly, Venus is also the name of the second planet in the solar system from the sun. In Roman mythology, Rhea refers to the name of the mother of the legendary Rhea founders, Remus and Romulus, who founded Rome. It is derived from the Latin word ?pomus? which means a fruit tree. In Roman myth, Pomona Pomona refers to the goddess of fruit-bearing trees. Unusual and attractive, Pomona is one of the beautiful female roman goddess names. The Roman goddess depicting both war and wisdom, Minerva has a charm to the Minerva name. It means ?intellect?. Maia, as per Roman legends, was the wife and companion of Vulcan. She was Maia also known as the spring goddess. Magical and beautiful as the name, Maia, is perfect for someone born in the month of May. Luna in Roman mythology refers to the moon goddess. She is often portrayed as Luna riding a white chariot through the blue skies. Lavinia, King Latinus?s daughter was Aeneas?s wife. She was an ancestor of the people of Rome. Legend says that to honor his beloved wife, Aeneas named a Lavinia town after her and it is known as Lavinium. -
Theodore Harry Mcmillan Gellar
SACRIFICE AND RITUAL IMAGERY IN MENANDER, PLAUTUS, AND TERENCE Theodore Harry McMillan Gellar A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Classics. Chapel Hill 2008 APPROVED BY: Sharon L. James, advisor James B. Rives, reader Peter M. Smith, reader © 2008 Theodore Harry McMillan Gellar ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Theodore Harry McMillan Gellar SACRIFICE AND RITUAL IMAGERY IN MENANDER, PLAUTUS, AND TERENCE (Under the direction of Sharon L. James) This thesis offers a systematic analysis of sacrifice and ritual in New Comedy. Sacri- fice normally signifies a healthy community, often celebrating a family reunification. Men- ander, Plautus, and Terence treat sacrifice remarkably, each in a different way. In Menander, sacrifice seals the formation of healthy citizen marriages; in Plautus, it operates to negotiate theatrical power between characters. When characters use sacrificial imagery, they are es- sentially asserting authority over other characters or agency over the play. Both playwrights mark habitual sacrificers, particularly citizen females, as morally upright. Terence, by con- trast, stunningly withholds sacrifice altogether, to underscore the emotional dysfunction among the citizen classes in hisplays. Chapter 1 sets sacrifice in its historical and theatrical context. Chapter 2 considers how sacrifice might have been presented onstage; chapter 3 examines its theatrical functions. Chapter 4 focuses on gender and status issues, and chapter 5 moves out from sacrifice to rit- ual and religion overall. iii τῷ φίλῳ καί µοι ἐγγυηκότι optimis parentibus iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have endless gratitude first of all for Sharon James, my advisor, mentor, and role model, without whom my thesis simply could not be. -
For a Falcon
New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves CRESCENT BOOKS NEW YORK New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Translated by Richard Aldington and Delano Ames and revised by a panel of editorial advisers from the Larousse Mvthologie Generate edited by Felix Guirand and first published in France by Auge, Gillon, Hollier-Larousse, Moreau et Cie, the Librairie Larousse, Paris This 1987 edition published by Crescent Books, distributed by: Crown Publishers, Inc., 225 Park Avenue South New York, New York 10003 Copyright 1959 The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited New edition 1968 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission of The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. ISBN 0-517-00404-6 Printed in Yugoslavia Scan begun 20 November 2001 Ended (at this point Goddess knows when) LaRousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves Perseus and Medusa With Athene's assistance, the hero has just slain the Gorgon Medusa with a bronze harpe, or curved sword given him by Hermes and now, seated on the back of Pegasus who has just sprung from her bleeding neck and holding her decapitated head in his right hand, he turns watch her two sisters who are persuing him in fury. Beneath him kneels the headless body of the Gorgon with her arms and golden wings outstretched. From her neck emerges Chrysor, father of the monster Geryon. Perseus later presented the Gorgon's head to Athene who placed it on Her shield. -
Adversus Gentes
0200-0300 – Arnobius Afrus – Disputationum Adversus Gentes The Seven Books of Arnobius Against the Heathen (Adversus Gentes) this file has been downloaded from http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf06.html ANF06. Fathers of the Third Century: Gregory Thaumaturgus, Philip Schaff Dionysius the Great, Julius Africanus, Anatolius, and Minor Writers, Methodius, Arnobius ARNOBIUS. 403 [TRANSLATED BY ARCHDEACON HAMILTON BRYCE, LL.D., AND HUGH CAMPBELL, M.A.] 405 Introductory Notice TO Arnobius. ———————————— [A.D. 297–303.] Arnobius appears before us, not as did the earlier apologists, but as a token that the great struggle was nearing its triumphant close. He is a witness that Minucius Felix and Tertullian had not preceded him in vain. He is a representative character, and stands forth boldly to avow convictions which were, doubtless, now struggling into light from the hearts of every reflecting pagan in the empire. In all probability it was the alarm occasioned by tokens that could not be suppressed—of a spreading and deepening sense of the nothingness of Polytheism—that stimulated the Œcumenical rage of Diocletian, and his frantic efforts to crush the Church, or, rather, to overwhelm it in a deluge of flame and blood. In our author rises before us another contributor to Latin Christianity, which was still North-African in its literature, all but exclusively. He had learned of Tertullian and Cyprian what he was to impart to his brilliant pupil Lactantius. Thus the way was prepared for Augustine, by whom and in whom Latin Christianity was made distinctly Occidental, and prepared for the influence it has exerted, to this day, under the mighty prestiges of his single name. -
The Religion of Ancient Rome
The Religion Of Ancient Rome By Cyril Bailey THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT ROME CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION—SOURCES AND SCOPE The conditions of our knowledge of the native religion of early Rome may perhaps be best illustrated by a parallel from Roman archæology. The visitor to the Roman Forum at the present day, if he wishes to reconstruct in imagination the Forum of the early Republic, must not merely 'think away' many strata of later buildings, but, we are told, must picture to himself a totally different orientation of the whole: the upper layer of remains, which he sees before him, is for his purpose in most cases not merely useless, but positively misleading. In the same way, if we wish to form a picture of the genuine Roman religion, we cannot find it immediately in classical literature; we must banish from our minds all that is due to the contact with the East and Egypt, and even with the other races of Italy, and we must imagine, so to speak, a totally different mental orientation before the great influx of Greek literature and Greek thought, which gave an entirely new turn to Roman ideas in general, and in particular revolutionised religion by the introduction of anthropomorphic notions and sensuous representations. But in this difficult search we are not left without indications to guide us. In the writings of the savants of the late Republic and of the Empire, and in the Augustan poets, biassed though they are in their interpretations by Greek tendencies, there is embodied a great wealth of ancient custom and ritual, which becomes significant when we have once got the clue to its meaning. -
Bellaria Xxxii
BELLARIA XXXII DERIVATIONS (5) This last derivational Bellaria abandons the thematic approach and ranges randomly over words whose roots lie in Latin and Greek, and were taken into English. Decisions! In 1546, after fierce debate, the Council of Trent decided that Latin alone was to be used for the mass and the sacraments, whatever language was spoken by the church congregation. The reason was that sacred acts required time- honoured ritual, couched in time-honoured language, however meaningless it might be to participants. Note ‘decide’, from Latin decido ‘I detach by cutting’: it is the cut-off point. Roman decision-making Handy ‘and’y It is not just in its vocabulary that Latin had a powerful effect on English. It often affected the very structure of the language. In 1384 John Wycliffe produced his controversial translation of Jerome’s Vulgate Bible from Latin into English. Part of the Christmas story read as follows: Forsooth they, seeing the star, joyed with a full great joy. And they, entering the house, found the child with Mary his mother; and they falling down worshipped him. And, their treasures opened, they offered to him gifts, gold, incense and myrrh. This is as literal a translation as one could find. In particular, note the underlined participles and the final participial phrase – all pure Latin. The Latinate style did not appeal to the great William Tyndale. His version of the above passage in his 1534 translation of the Bible reads as follows: When they saw the star, they were marvellously glad: and went into the house and found the child with Mary his mother, and kneeled down and worshipped him, and opened their treasures and offered unto him gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.