Appendix to the Responses of the Government of Hungary to the List Of

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Appendix to the Responses of the Government of Hungary to the list of issues and questions with regard to the consideration of the combined seventh and eighth periodic report (CEDAW/C/HUN/7-8)

Annex no. 1 Important cases of legal violations established by the Media Council

2008

RTL Klub – Fábry Show In decision no.583/2008. (III. 26.) the ORTT (National Committee for Radio and Television) found that the RTL Klub programme titled "Fábry Show" had committed a legal violation when the presenter, while discussing domestic political issues, made strong, vulgar comments of a sexual nature about the leader of the Hungarian Socialist Party faction, the largest governing party in parliament. Although the presenter apologised to the faction leader, he later countered his statement, noting that the government could also apologise for what they had done, in the light of which the earlier image is not an exaggeration.

In the view of the Committee, what was said in that part of the programme put the socialist politician in an undignified and vulnerable position, and hurt her human dignity by making jokes which reduced her to a sexual object. The ORTT (the legal predecessor, until 2010, to the present media authority) found that the broadcasting company Magyar RTL Televízió Zrt. was in breach of Act I of 1996 on radio and television broadcasting (hereafter: Radio and TV Act),1 paragraph 3 (2) (protection of the right to human dignity in the media). In view of the breach, the Committee called upon the programme broadcaster to discontinue its unlawful conduct.

2009

TV2 - Mokka ("Mocha") In decision no. 1254/2009. (VI. 17.) the ORTT examined the TV2 programme titled "Mokka". In the programme, the following SMS message could be read in connection with Katalin Szili, at that time the Parliamentary Speaker: "While we're on the subject of dogs, people of Pécs! Don't vote for the red bitch!"

In the Committee's opinion, the hurtful content of the message - which could have hurt both Katalin Szili's person and status as a woman - was found to be against human dignity in the practice of the broadcaster. The ORTT found the broadcaster in breach of paragraph 3(2) of the Radio and TV Act (protection in the media of the right to human dignity). Because of the violation, the Committee suspended the service of the broadcaster for a period of 10 minutes.

2010

TV2 - Édes Négyes ("Sweet Foursome") In decisions no. 758/2012. (XII.8.) and 819/2010. (XII. 15.) the Media Council condemned the broadcaster of the programme for broadcasting shocking, vulgar and sexist transmissions.

1 The Radio and TV Act was in force until 31st December 2010, when it was replaced by the currently valid Media Act, mentioned in the introduction. 1

TV2 transmitted the trash reality programme, titled "Édes négyes - egyedülálló sztár megosztaná" ("Sweet Foursome - Single Star Wants to Share"), from the end of August, 2010. Each week, a different well-known celebrity featured in the show, whom four competing women/men had to chat up during a dinner-date each, at which the other competitors were also present.

The Media Council found that the female models of behaviour in the show were portrayed schematically and with prejudice, and that sexual insinuations made up an organic part of the programme. The most problematic component of the programmes was the way women were presented, the portrayal of the female gender and the constant sexual references and behaviour, with kisses, flirting and hugging. The narration itself suggested that the competing women were reduced to objects of sexuality, as they were labelled "dögös cicababák" ("gorgeous pussycat dolls") while they waited to be categorised on the basis of their external endowments.

The Media Council found that the broadcaster had violated the rules on the protection of minors, and the Media Council imposed a penalty on the broadcaster amounting to 62,767,526 HUF.

TV2 - Ezek megőrültek ("They've Gone Crazy") In decision no. 337/2011. (III. 9.) the Media Council found that the programmes titled "Ezek megőrültek" (They've Gone Crazy"), broadcast by TV2 in October 2010, contained several scenes which exceeded the emotional and intellectual capacities of the recommended age group, and which could have been capable of disturbing the composure and value judgement of young viewers. The broadcaster categorised the legally offensive programmes in the age group "twelve" (suitable for persons of age 12 or over), which can be broadcast at any time of the day, where they should have been categorised as "sixteen" and only broadcast after nine o'clock in the evening. The main reasons justifying the classification of the programmes investigated into a higher age bracket were the sexuality present at both the verbal and the visual levels, the emphasis placed on sex, the reduction of women to sexual objects and the transmission of degrading and stereotypical images of women.

The Media Council found that the broadcaster had violated the rules on the protection of minors, and the Media Council imposed a penalty on the broadcaster amounting to 13,160,974 HUF.

2011

RTL Klub - Való Világ 4 ("The Real World 4") The reality show "Való Világ" was broadcast by RTL Klub between November 2010 and May 2011. The Media Council found several infringements of the law in the show, regarding the depiction of sex and communication between the genders. In the verbal manifestations of sexual content, not only the sexual content itself could be regarded as problematic, but also the degradation of the female gender that took place in parallel with it. The people in the show voiced degrading comments about the female gender on several occasions, which gave the impression that women were not partners of equal status with men. According to the eventual winner of the series, certain women would only find him attractive and enter into a sexual relationship with him if he had enough money to "buy" them. In his utterances, he treated women as objects.

The Media Council found that the portrayal of this attitude towards life and towards women was capable of serving as a negative role model to teenagers about behaviour towards the opposite sex and about the equality of both parties in a healthy relationship. These utterances were not refuted or countered in any way whatsoever by the presenters of the show. The Media Council found that the broadcaster had violated the rules on the protection of minors, and the Media Council imposed a penalty on the broadcaster amounting to 277,949,727 HUF.

TV2 - Összeesküvők ("Conspirators") The greatest problems with the programmes broadcast by TV2 were the presentation of sexual content, the compound presentation of arguments and verbal threats and the excessive depiction of alcohol consumption.

Excessive alcohol consumption resulted in angry situations in several cases. On one occasion of a heated conflict, one of the female participants became involved in a noisy verbal exchange and abused the other players of the game using vulgar language. The partner of the enraged woman attempted to "hold her back" by slapping her on the face, pulling her hair and hitting her. This abuse occurred on the world day of violence within the family, so the broadcaster reported that they were distancing themselves from the event, and excluding the man and woman concerned from the game.

The Media Council found that the broadcaster had violated the rules on the protection of minors, and imposed a penalty on the broadcaster amounting to 18,000,000 HUF.

Annex no. 2

Gender of persons appearing in news programmes (per cent) N=117634

men women MTV1 esti Híradó (Evening News) 80.0 20.0 Duna TV Híradó (News) 80.1 19.9 180 perc ("180 minutes") 81.2 18.8 Déli Krónika ("Midday Chronicle") 84.2 15.8 Esti Krónika ("Evening Chronicle") 86.7 13.3 Tények (TV2) 70.0 30.0 RTL Klub Híradó (News) 68.4 31.6 Class FM Hírek (News) 77.1 22.9 Neo FM Hírek (News) 75.1 24.9 ATV Híradó (News) 84.0 16.0 Híradó 21 (Hír TV) 83.6 16.4 Echo TV Híradó (News) 85.6 14.4 total 78.3 21.7

Annex no. 3 Court rulings in 2011 (human trafficking)

Komárom-Esztergom county:

Two persons were convicted of the charge of trafficking in persons. Their sentence was one year in prison, suspended for two years. The victim of the crime was an adult at the time the crime was committed.

Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county: 4 people were charged: The first person was sentenced to 9 years' imprisonment for one count of trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation and three counts of attempted trafficking in persons. In addition, the person was excluded from participating in public affairs for 9 years and expelled from the county of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok for 5 years. The second person was sentenced to 5 years and 6 months in prison for one count of trafficking in a minor for the purpose of sexual exploitation and three counts of attempted trafficking in persons. In addition, the person was excluded from participating in public affairs for 5 years.

The third person was sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment for trafficking in minors for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The sentence was suspended for 5 years. The fourth person was sentenced to 3 years' imprisonment for trafficking in minors for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The person was also excluded from participating in public affairs for 3 years.

Nógrád county: Two persons were convicted for the same charge. One of the convicted was sentenced to 4 years in prison for human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation committed against a person deprived of their personal liberty through violence or threats. The person was also excluded from participating in public affairs for 5 years.

The other was sentenced to 1 year and six months in prison for human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation committed against a person deprived of their personal liberty through violence or threats. The person was also excluded from participating in public affairs for 2 years.

Budapest: 3 persons were convicted on the charge of human trafficking for the purpose of prohibited use of human body parts.

The first person was sentenced to 18 months in prison. The sentence was suspended for 3 years. The second person was sentenced to 18 months in prison. The sentence was suspended for 2 years. The third person was sentenced to 1 year in prison, suspended for 2 years.

The Consular Service is aware of around 90 cases where Hungarian citizens were also affected as victims of human trafficking. In the majority of cases, the law and order authorities of the receiving countries contacted the Hungarian consulates to provide the victims with travel documents and to help them return home. The consulates concerned are in the following cities: Berlin, Bern, Brussels, London, Munich, Paris, Rome and Vienna. The majority of victims were adults.

The Victim Support Service identified 14 victims as victims of human trafficking (between 01 April 2011 and 25 January 2012) and provided them with information under the terms of paragraph 9/A of the Victim Support Act. The IOM helped 20 victims to return home. The

4 countries where victims returned from: Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Germany. All the victims were adults, and the majority were women.

Annex no. 4 Domestic grant funding for students of Roma origin

The objective of the grant programmes below is to help students of Roma origin to remain in the school system, and Roma girls are also participants in these programmes:

The "Útravaló" ("For the Road") Grant Programme has the overarching aim of promoting equal opportunity among students with compound disadvantages, especially Roma students, of improving their chances of taking part in further education and obtaining school- leaving certificates, professional qualifications and diplomas, of renewing the system of grants available to them and of nurturing talent in students who are interested in the natural sciences.

The objective of the sub-programme titled "Út a középiskolába" ("Road to Secondary School") is to prepare participating students for secondary school education leaving to the school-leaving certificate, while the aim of the sub-programme titled "Út az érettségihez" ("Road to the School-leaving Exam") is to support students in leaving school successfully; the "Út a szakmához" ("Road to a Profession") has the objective of promoting successful studies for students at vocational schools and to help them deal with learning difficulties. Under the equal opportunity sub-programmes, support in the form of grants is provided to the student and to the teacher who is the mentor of the student, who has the role of accompanying the student throughout the academic year and helping them with their studies.

The second pillar of the Programme in the academic year 2011/2012 was the "ISKOLA- HÁLÓ" ("SCHOOL-NET") programme, a new innovative component, with the objectives of supporting school pilot programmes and school-related pilot programmes which are designed to foster the integration and inclusion in schools of disadvantaged students, with the emphasis on Roma students, and to collect examples of good practice, to analyse the experiences and to incorporate them into the system. The objectives of the "SCHOOL-NET" programme were realised under an EU co-financed project launched as part of TÁMOP priority 3.

The grant programme supports the realisation of the numerical objectives of the Framework Agreement signed on 20 May 2011 by the Government and the National Roma Self- Government in the following way:

As part of the objective for the Government to support 10,000 young Roma people in attending education that will lead to a school-leaving certificate, the "Road to the School- leaving Exam" sub-programme contributed support to 1509 new entrant Roma students in the academic year 2011/2012.

As part of the objective for the Government to support the implementation of an education programme under which 20,000 young Roma people obtain a marketable profession, the "Road to a Profession" sub-programme contributed support to 1162 new entrant Roma students. From autumn 2011 it was a requirement for all the equal opportunity sub- programmes ("Road to Secondary School", "Road to the School-leaving Exam" and "Road to a Profession") of the "Útravaló - MACIKA" grant programme to have at least 50% involvement from students of Roma origin.

54% (12,132) of the students submitting applications declared they were of Roma origin. In the sub-programmes of the "Útravaló-MACIKA" grant programme, 11,422 new entrant students received support for the academic year 2011/2012, which is a 15% increase on the academic year 2010/2011. Close to 60% (6,851 people) of the new entrant students are of Roma origin. The proportion of Roma students receiving support in the sub-programme "Road to Secondary School" is exceptionally high, at 70%. Besides the new entrants, a further 8,782 students are receiving grant support and mentor assistance as continuing students, so for the academic year 2011/2012 a total of 20,204 students and 10,196 mentors are receiving support in the form of grants under the programme.

Among the results of the "Útravaló" equal opportunity sub-programmes, it is worth highlighting the important role they play in the fight to reduce the drop-out rate from school.

Annex no. 5 EU grant funding for students of Roma origin

TÁMOP 3.3.8 – Development of public education institutes By creating the proper circumstances in public education institutes, this EU co-financed project contributes to having children, students and learners with compound disadvantaged backgrounds - of whom the Roma population is over-represented - participate successfully in education and child-rearing processes and increase their success at school. Tenders were open to institutes where the overall proportion of children, students and learners with compound disadvantaged backgrounds attending the institute exceeds 15%. The target groups of the tender are children and students from disadvantaged or compound disadvantaged backgrounds, in particular children and students of Roma origin. Since very few students of Roma origin complete secondary school, obtain a profession or enter and complete higher education, this programme is intended to help to increase the level of education among Roma students. To achieve these goals the Hungarian Government is providing 4 billion HUF in grant funding.

TÁMOP 3.3.9 "Tanoda" Learning Centres and "Second Chance" grammar schools: The main objectives of the "Tanoda" ("Learning Centre") are to increase the chances for children from disadvantaged and compound disadvantaged backgrounds, including Roma children, to be integrated into the education system, and to reduce inequality of opportunity and school drop-outs, which affects the Roma population to a very high degree. The non- excluding atmosphere provided by these Learning Centres, and the skills development programmes they offer, make a significant contribution to integration into formal education. With tailor-made education alternatives, they are intended to achieve improvements in the personalities of students from Roma origins, and to ensure that their talents are permitted to flourish. Thanks to the Tanoda Learning Centres, the students who attend will have improved school results and develop their skills and competencies. Consequently, more students will graduate from school and obtain professional qualifications.

The express aim of the "Second Change" grammar schools is for students - especially those of Roma origin - who have dropped out of school to be brought back into the school system and to obtain school-leaving certificates or professions. It is important that they receive training which is suitable for the labour market, and it is also important to prevent students from dropping out again. By bringing the target group back into formal education, they get the chance to graduate from school and/or acquire a marketable skill, and this opens the way for them to integrate into the labour market and society at large. Under this programme at least 1200 students (mainly of Roma origin) will be brought back into the school education system.

The Hungarian Government is supporting the two programmes with funding of 7.5 billion HUF.

TÁMOP 3.3.10 - "Support for initiatives that reinforce further education" is the title of a tender which aims to increase the proportion or Roma students in higher education. The current proportion of Roma youth in tertiary education is barely 0.2%, and in order to improve this figure it is first important to increase the number and proportion of students from disadvantaged and compound disadvantaged backgrounds who graduate at secondary level. At least 50% of the students served by the programme must be of Roma origin. Strengthening and supporting the learning path of those participating in the programme is one of the objectives which will result in an increased number of students of Roma origin attending tertiary education. 4 billion HUF in funding is available for this programme.

For each of the three programmes listed above, a framework was planned which expressly targets disadvantaged and the most disadvantaged micro-regions. Since the majority of students from disadvantaged and compound disadvantaged backgrounds live in these micro- regions, the proportion of children, students and learners from Roma origin is also extremely high. As a result of these programmes, these micro-regions will see increases in the number of people with professional and school-graduation qualifications, as well as in the number of Roma students attending higher education.

Although the programmes listed above are not broken down according to gender, it can be established that the proportion of girls among the students taking part in and completing the programmes successfully will be in line with the distribution of the genders in this age group.

Annex no. 6 Performance among girls and boys

On average, in skills surveys boys generally perform better in mathematics, while the girls get better results in reading comprehension. The difference in both survey areas increases as we progress through the years. But the advantage that girls have all the way through the years in reading comprehension is greater than the disadvantage they have in mathematics. Nevertheless, in year 10, the difference in the results between girls and boys attending the same type of education is reversed: the advantage girls have in reading is smaller than their disadvantage in mathematics. The reason for this could be that a higher proportion of girls attend schools that result in the school-leaving exam, while in vocational schools boys make up the larger part. (Ildikó Balázs and Zsuzsanna Horváth: The quality and success of public education, Report on public education in Hungary, 2010)

Data from the national competency survey (OKM):

Reading Mathe- Average result Average result Year compre- Year matics Boys Girls hension Boys Girls 6. 1506 1494 6. 1470 1530 OKM2008 8. 1609 1593 OKM2008 8. 1547 1611 10. 1672 1622 10. 1581 1635 6. 1496 1472 6. 1463 1515 OKM2009 8. 1614 1596 OKM2009 8. 1532 1594 10. 1638 1596 10. 1574 1653

6. 1508 1487 6. 1448 1519 OKM2010 8. 1636 1609 OKM2010 8. 1548 1618 10. 1644 1582 10. 1581 1659 6. 1496 1476 6. 1442 1488 OKM2011 8. 1611 1591 OKM2011 8. 1549 1605 10. 1658 1612 10. 1589 1645

Data from international surveys:

The PIRLS and TIMSS international surveys show no significant difference between girls and boys in the case of year 4 students in the subjects of reading comprehension, natural sciences and mathematics. In the TIMSS survey there is no difference between the genders in mathematics in year 8. Nevertheless, it does show that the difference increases the higher the year.

2003 2007

TIMSS nat. science - year 4 Hungarian average 530 536 Boys 533 538 Girls 527 535 No significant No significant difference difference

TIMSS maths - year 4 Hungarian average 529 510 Boys 530 511 Girls 527 508 No significant No significant difference difference

TIMSS nat. science - year 8 Hungarian average 543 539 Boys 556 545 Girls 530 533 The difference is The difference is significant significant

TIMSS maths - year 8 Hungarian average 529 517 Boys 533 517 Girls 526 517

The difference is No significant significant difference

2003 2006 2009

PISA reading comp. Hungarian average 482 482 494 Boys 467 463 475 Girls 498 503 513 The difference is The difference is The difference is significant significant significant

PISA maths Hungarian average 490 491 490 Boys 494 496 496 Girls 486 486 484 The difference is The difference is The difference is significant significant significant

PISA nat. sciences Hungarian average 503 504 503 Boys 503 507 503 Girls 504 501 503 No significant No significant No significant difference difference difference 2001 2006 PIRLS Hungarian average 543 551 Boys 536 548 Girls 550 554 The difference is The difference is significant significant

Annex no. 7 Programmes to promote female employment 2007 - 2012

 Improving employment chances for disadvantaged women Under TÁMOP, employment centres have implemented and are implementing several major projects. The target group of the programmes is unemployed people from disadvantaged backgrounds, including those with low level schooling, career-starters, people above the age of 50, the long-term unemployed and parents (primarily women) who are returning to work after childcare leave. Participants in the programme receive personalised and complex assistance, training and support in order to help them return successfully to the labour market. The programmes is implemented in two stages: The first stage was implemented between 1st January 2008 and 30th April 2011. During this first stage 18,902 women participated in the programme, of whom 11,388 women attended training courses, with 10,400 completing the

9 courses successfully. Of the women participating in the programme, 2,170 returned to the labour market after childcare leave.

In the second stage, in May 2011 the employment centres of the county governmental offices began implementing programmes TÁMOP 1.1.2 and TÁMOP 1.1.4, in continuation of the earlier programmes. 91 billion HUF of funding is available for implementing the projects between 2011 and 2015, and it is planned for employment centres to help the return to work of at least 95,000 people, of whom close to 46,000 will be women from disadvantaged backgrounds. (Based on the commitments, 3200 of the women will be those who are returning to work after childcare leave.) The process of increasing the funding for the programmes (by an additional 22 billion HUF) is currently under way.

 "START Bonus" Programme The "START Bonus" Programme was launched on 1st January 2012, providing targeted tax contribution discounts to foster employment for job-seekers who have been unemployed for more than three months and for parents who are returning after childcare leave. When employers employ people who have a START Bonus card, they are entitled to a discount on the social contribution tax, which is 27% of the employee's gross salary, up to a maximum of one-and-a-half times the minimum salary, for the first year of employment. The programme is implemented under TÁMOP, with co-financing by the ESF. Between 1st January and 30th June 2012, 10,946 women were employed with the START Bonus card, of which 568 were returning to the labour market after childcare leave.

 "START Plus" Programme The targeted contribution discount promoted the employment of parents returning to work after childcare leave, as well as those receiving nursing benefit and the long-term unemployed. Employers taking on workers with a START Plus card are entitled to a 17% discount on payable contributions in the first year of employment, and a 7% discount in the second year. Between 1st July 2007 and 30th June 2012, 53,614 women were employed with a START Plus card, of whom 13, 922 were returning to the labour market after childcare leave.

 Measures to improve the reconciliation of work and private life (TÁMOP 2.4.5) The tenders promote improvements in the balance between work and private life in several areas. In one area, family daycare centres and other flexible, regularly organised childcare services are set up for children under the age of 3 at local and workplace level. (According to the plans, the tender will support the creation of 1925 new childcare places and the employment of 550 childcare workers.) In addition to supporting the establishment of the services (converting premises for childcare purposes, providing the equipment and purchasing the furniture and fittings, as well as items for use) and the related administrative costs, the tender also supports training and employment of those performing childcare activities.

The aim of the construction is also to expand flexible employment and to introduce more flexible ways of working. It encompasses workplace initiatives such as the application of flexible HR policies, and the development of work-share opportunities and timetables and other methods of work organisation which pay greater attention to the life situation and needs of individuals.

It supports the implementation of local innovative projects which facilitate improvements in the reconciliation between work and private life by being based on cooperation between the

10 local participants, and by finding harmony between the way they operate and the services they provide.

There was an enormous amount of interest in the calls for tenders under the programme TÁMOP 2.4.5, and the initially announced 8 billion HUF was increased with an additional 2.4 billion forints. Implementation of the projects is expected to start in the first quarter of the year 2013.

 New Career programme (TÁMOP 2.3.1) The aim of this priority project is to help public sector workers who have lost their jobs as a result of changes in the public sector to change their career and workplace, and to promote their further employment in the private sector by supporting training (professional, IT and language courses) and employment. 7671 people have participated in the programme, of whom 5,936 are women, representing 77% of the total participants. The programme was implemented between October 2007 and July 2011, with funding of 2.85 billion HUF.

 "Lépj egyet előre" ("Take a step forward") (TÁMOP 2.1.1) This programme helped people with low levels of education and those with no professional qualifications (or qualifications which are no longer valid) to become integrated into the labour market by supporting re-training and professional training in the skills that are demanded by the present labour market. Under the programme, 19,837 people attended training, of whom 11,063 were women. 10,288 women successfully completed the courses. The programme was implemented between December 2007 and 2009.

 "Development of foreign language and IT skills" (TÁMOP 2.1.2) This construction develops foreign language and IT skills among the adult population in order to increase their chances of finding employment. As a condition to taking part in the courses, participants were expected to make their own contribution of 5% of the costs of the training. The plans call for 100,000 people to take part in the training, and the funding available amounts to 12.48 billion HUF. The first courses are expected to start at the end of 2012.

 Support for innovative and experimental employment programmes (TÁMOP 1.4.3) Funded by the ESF, this tender was announced in the autumn of 2011, with funding of 3.8 billion HUF. One of the sub-objectives of the project is to develop innovative models to help parents of young children to return successfully to the labour market by implementing reforms in the system of childcare benefits. The six successful bids received on this subject have received 828 million HUF in funding. Implementation of the projects is currently under way.

 Support for young entrepreneurs (TÁMOP 2.3.6) This tender has the objective of promoting employment among young people aged 18-35 by supporting them in setting up their own businesses. In the first stage of the construction, potential young entrepreneurs are taking part in training and preparation. In the second stage of the project, selected young entrepreneurs will receive funding (non-refundable) up to a maximum of 3 million HUF, to cover the start-up costs of their micro-enterprises. The funding can be used for a range of activities including company foundation costs (refunds paid in arrears), obtaining compulsory permits, purchasing equipment, supporting market launches (e.g. marketing costs, market presence at fairs), IT developments, attending training, engaging consultants (e.g. corporate strategy consultants), purchasing materials, book-keeping and employing workers. In addition to the financial support, young entrepreneurs will also receive the support of mentors in the first 6 months after their enterprises are set up. Support

and advice can be asked for from the organisation carrying out enterprise development regarding matters such as legal and successful operations, the formation of tax-conscious entrepreneurial conduct, and the incubation of the enterprises they have launched. According to the plans, the tender will provide support to 1500 young people in launching their businesses. The number of young women starting enterprises will be monitored throughout the programme.

 Removal of family obligations which prevent employment and promoting women's careers in the labour market (NŐ/2007) This tender, with 200 million HUF in funding, was announced by the National Public Foundation for Employment (OFA). The main objective of the programme was to break down the family (private life) obligations and skills deficiencies which prevent people from working, and supported women (and men) in returning to the labour market and remaining in work.

Annex no. 8 Measures taken in relation to young pregnancy among Roma girls

Specific measures are contained in: o TÁMOP 6.1.2/11/1 Improving health consciousness: activities  Implementing programmes that target the development of lifestyle competencies;  Implementing programmes to support preparation for family life;  Implementing programmes to promote a safe sexual life. o TÁMOP 6.1.2/11/3 In micro-regions, as health improvement venues, Health Improvement Offices are established, whose tasks include identifying people who end up in crisis situations in connection with their living circumstances, and directing support services for these people. o TÁMOP 6.1.3B - Improvements in state means of health communication are promoted and directed by the establishment of the Health Communication Centre. o TÁMOP- 3.1.4-12/1 Health improvement – attitude-forming – school programmes are implemented in order to protect the health of students, and to promote ways of behaviour which incorporate a desire to lead a healthy lifestyle and to do sport:  health days;  conflict management and school aggression management programme;  programmes aimed at fostering family life, preventing and quitting smoking, early intervention in substance abuse, evaluating the risks caused by illegal and legal substances and preventing behavioural habits.