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Ferrantia50.Pdf (éds.) M. Meyer M. Meyer Inventaire de la E. Carrières biodiversité dans la forêt "Schnellert" (Commune de Berdorf) Erfassung der Biodiversität im Waldgebiet "Schnellert" (Gemeinde Berdorf) Marc Meyer Evelyne Carrières Inventaire de la biodiversité dans la forêt dans la forêt de la biodiversité Inventaire de Berdorf) "Schnellert" (Commune im Waldgebiet der Biodiversität Erfassung "Schnellert" (Gemeinde Berdorf) (éditeurs) F e r ra n t i a Travaux scientifiques du Musée national d'histoire naturelle L u xe m b o u r g www.mnhn.lu 50 2007 F e r r a n t i a 50 2007 2007 50 Ferrantia est une revue publiée à intervalles non réguliers par le Musée national d’histoire naturelle à Luxembourg. Elle fait suite, avec la même tomaison aux TRAVAUX SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSÉE NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE DE LUXEMBOURG. Comité de rédaction: Eric Buttini Guy Colling Edmée Engel Thierry Helminger Marc Meyer Mise en page: Romain Bei Design: Thierry Helminger Prix du volume: 10 € Rédaction: Echange: Musée national d’histoire naturelle Exchange MNHN-SNL Rédaction Ferrantia c/o Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25, rue Münster 25, rue Münster L-2160 Luxembourg L-2160 Luxembourg tel +352 46 22 33 - 1 tel +352 46 22 33 - 1 fax +352 46 38 48 fax +352 46 38 48 Internet: http://www.naturmusee.lu Internet: http://www.mnhnl.lu/biblio/exchange email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Page de couverture: Ilex aquifolium, espèce charactéristique des hêtraies à influence atlantique. photo M. Meyer Fomes fomentarius dans la forêt du Schnellert. photo M Meyer Citation: Meyer, M., Carrières, E. (éditeurs) 2007. - Inventaire de la biodiversité dans la forêt "Schnellert" (Commune de Berdorf) - Erfassung der Biodiversität im Waldgebiet "Schnellert" (Gemeinde Berdorf) Ferrantia 50, Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg, 384 p. Date de publication: 7 septembre 2007 (réception du manuscrit: 18 février 2006) Impression: Imprimerie Centrale, Luxembourg imprimé sur papier FSC © Musée national d’histoire naturelle Luxembourg, 2007 ISSN 1682-5519 Ferrantia 50 Inventaire de la biodiversité dans la forêt "Schnellert" (Commune de Berdorf) Erfassung der Biodiversität im Waldgebiet "Schnellert" (Gemeinde Berdorf) M. Meyer, E. Carrières (éditeurs) Luxembourg, 2007 Travaux scientifiques du Musée national d'histoire naturelle Luxembourg Table des matières Inventaire de la biodiversité dans la forêt "Schnellert" (Commune de Berdorf) 7 Marc Meyer, Evelyne Carrières Un projet de recherche pluridisciplinaire et pluriannuel 9 Ein fächerübergreifendes, mehrjähriges Forschungsprojekt 9 Marc Meyer Höhere Pflanzen – spermatophytes - Spermatophyta 13 EFOR Ingenieurs-Conseils Pilze - champignons - Fungi 17 Marie-Thérèse Tholl, Guy Marson, Ben Schultheis Moosflora - flore bryologique - Bryophyta 27 Jean Werner, Florian Hans Farne - fougères - Pteridophyta 39 Yves Krippel Profils pédologiques 45 Laurent Bock Bodenfauna 67 Ludwig Beck, Jörg Römbke, Franziska Meyer, Jörg Spelda, Steffen Woas Méthodologie commune de l’échantillonnage des invertébrés 131 Evelyne Carrières Plattwürmer - planaires - Plathelminthes, Tricladida 175 Dipl.-Biol. Klaus Groh Weichtiere – mollusques - Mollusca 179 Dipl.-Biol. Klaus Groh, Gerhard Weitmann Afterskorpione - pseudoscorpions - Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones 205 Dipl.-Biol. Klaus Groh Weberknechte - opilions - Arachnida, Opiliones 209 Dr. Christoph Muster Spinnen - araignées - Araneae 217 Aloysius Staudt, Matin Kreuels, Eva Hermann † Flohkrebse und Asseln - gammarides et cloportes -Crustacea, Amphipoda et Isopoda 223 Dipl.-Biol. Klaus Groh, Andreas Allspach Tausendfüßer und Hundertfüßer - mille-pattes et chilopodes - Myriapoda, Diplopoda et Chilopoda 235 Richard Desmond Kime Zwergfüßer - symphyles - Symphyla 239 Dipl.-Biol. Klaus Groh Bärtierchen- tardigrades - Tardigrada 241 Dr. Martin Adler Ferrantia • 50 / 2007 Beintastler - protoures - Protura 242 Andrzej Szepticky Felsenspringer - archéognathes - Archaeognatha 243 Dipl.-Biol. Klaus Groh Geradflügler - orthoptères - Orthoptera 245 Roland Proess Staubläuse - psocoptères - Psocoptera 251 Nico Schneider Wanzen - punaises - Heteroptera 259 Léopold Reichling Fransenflügler - thysanoptères - Thysanoptera 263 Richard zur Strassen Käfer – coléoptères - Coleoptera 265 Raoul Gerend, Frank Köhler, Carlo Braunert Skorpionsfliegen – mécoptères - Mecoptera 297 Evelyne Carrières Netzflügler - névroptères - Neuroptera 299 Evelyne Carrières Pflanzenwespen - symphytes - Hymenoptera, Symphyta 303 Jean-Michel Guinet Ameisen - fourmis - Hymenoptera, Formicidae 335 Dipl.-Biol. Klaus Groh Schmetterlinge – papillons (lépidoptères) - Lepidoptera 337 Marc Meyer Schnakenverwandte - tipuliformes - Diptera, Tipulimorpha 349 Peter Vogtenhuber Diptera, Keroplatidae, Keroplatus tipuloides (Bosc, 1792) 359 Evelyne Carrières, Mélanie Cardew Raubfliegen - asilidés - Diptera, Asilidae 365 Guy Tomasowic Schwebfliegen - syrphes - Diptera, Syrphidae 367 Evelyne Carrières Vögel - oiseaux - Aves 375 Patric Lorgé Fledermäuse – chauves-souris - Mammalia, Chiroptera 377 Jacques Pir Andere Säugetiere - autres mammifères - Mammalia, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Insectivora, Carnivora, Artiodactyla 383 Marc Meyer Ferrantia • 50 / 2007 Ferrantia • 50 / 2007 M. Meyer, E. Carrières Biodiversité Schnellert Inventaire de la biodiversité dans la forêt "Schnellert" (Commune de Berdorf)* Marc Meyer Evelyne Carrières Musée national d'histoire naturelle Section zoologie des invertébrés 25, rue Münster L-2160 Luxembourg [email protected] [email protected] *Ergebnisse eines vom wissenschaftlichen Forschungszentrum des Nationalen Naturhistorischen Museums in Luxemburg durchgeführten Projektes. Résultats d'un projet de recherche réalisé par le Centre de recherche du Musée national d'histoire naturelle à Luxembourg. Results of a research project conducted by the research centre of the National Museum of Natural History in Luxembourg. 1. L’intérêt du projet Les forêts forment un élément paysager primordial au Luxembourg, anciennent intitulé "département des forêts". L'évolution récente de la sylviculture, notamment la pratique de la monoculture et l'enré- sinement, a provoqué une crise écologique parmi certaines biocénoses sylvicoles. D'un autre côté, il faut mentionner que l'exploitation de nos forêts pendant des siècles, était négative au sens des sylviculteurs, mais pourtant à l'origine d'habitats maigres et à structures forestières très ouvertes, et ainsi particulièrement favorable au dévelop- pement d'espèces adaptées plutôt à ces condi- tions. Certaines formes, comme le taillis ardennais (Louhhecken) sont considérées aujourd'hui comme des habitats anthropogènes de première importance écologique. La création des administrations forestières publiques a provoqué une certaine intensification sylvicole, autant pour la forêt domaniale et communale que privée, avec les résultats prés-cités. Très récemment, et par l'évolution de notre société, ces mêmes administrations ont été forcées à accepter que leur rôle n'est pas de couvrir le pays de surfaces "boisées" sans tenir compte de considérations écologiques, mais qu'il est primordial d'adapter la gestion et la reconversion des écosystèmes forestiers à l'image Fig. 1: Vue de la forêt devant les falaises de grès. Ferrantia • 50 / 2007 7 M. Meyer, E. Carrières Biodiversité Schnellert 2. L’étude scientifique L'étude était destinée à dresser un inventaire aussi complet que possible de toutes les taxocé- noses d'organismes liées au bois dépérissant ou mort, mais aussi aux forêts semi-naturelles. Grâce à la coopération efficace de 24 experts, dont plus que la moitié sont des collaborateurs bénévoles du Centre de recherche scientifique du Musée, une liste étonnante de groupes floristiques et faunistiques ont pu être étudiés dans ce contexte: Champignons de toutes sortes, mousses, fougères, plantes supérieures, mollusques, vers de terre, tardigrades, plusieurs groupes d'arachnides, cloportes, mille pattes, 14 groupes d'insectes, batraciens, reptiles, oiseaux et mammifères. En ce qui concerne les groupes zoologiques, la grande diversité des taxons choisis à rendu néces- saire l'emploi de plusieurs méthodologies. Ainsi, il était possible de documenter de façon détaillée la majorité des niches écologiques présentes. L'échantillonnage des invertébrés par piégeage et extraction a été effectué en partie par le personnel technique de la section Zoologie du MnhnL. Les experts d'autres groupes ont eux aussi prospecté le terrain en détail et collectionné une multitude d'informations, actuellement plus de 20.000 obser- vations unitaires. Fig. 2.: Keroplatus tipuloides, un représentant d'une famille de Diptères nouvellement découverte L'étude avait une durée de trois ans (1998-2000). au Luxembourg dans le cadre de l'étude, les L'encemble des résultates est publié ici. larves se développant sur des champignons de bois mort sur pied. Une telle étude biologique détaillée dans un massif forestier n'a jamais été entamée dans nos régions, des forêts naturelles en gardant ainsi leur impor- sauf pour le massif de Fontainebleau en France tance écologique et sociale. où nous sommes en présence d'un autre ordre de grandeur. Les résultats sont généralement très Dans ce contexte, l'élimination systématique du bois satisfaisants voire même exceptionnels et des dépérissant ou mort, sur pied ou tombé, n'est plus un espèces inconnues ont été découvertes et seront objectif primaire. Pour encourager cette évolution chez décrites bientôt. D'autres espèces ont été trouvées nous, il est essentiel de soutenir les rares initiatives
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