Crostwight Heath Parish: Honing/Witton Grid Reference: TG 395302 Area: 17.0 Ha District: North Norfolk Survey Date: 08/08/18

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Wildlife Site Survey Form (Ref. No. CWS 1226)

Site Name: Crostwight Heath Parish: Honing/Witton Grid reference: TG 395302 Area: 17.0 ha District: North Norfolk Survey date: 08/08/18

Registered Common Number: CL 4

Habitat map:

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Habitat description (refer to the annotated map)

Compartment A: South Woodland: Mixed Semi-natural Woodland

This is an attractive woodland primarily consisting of oak (Quercus robur), downy birch (Betula pubescens) and planted Scott’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) on acid, sandy/gravelly soil on an undulating terrain. The overall impression is of a natural area, with a very varied and visually appealing terrain and vegetation structure. Much of the oak is low-branched and wide-spreading; there are some notably large birch. The woodland also includes sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), while aspen (Populus tremula) is a feature, suckering widely along Heath Road. There are some interesting large veteran oaks on an old wood bank. The shrub layer comprises mainly small birch, occasional holly (Ilex aquifolium) (some large), hazel (Corylus avellana), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), elder (Sambucus nigra), and bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg).

Rarities include the unusual alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus). There are encouraging signs of natural regeneration, with plenty of young birch, holly, rowan, hazel, and sweet chestnut. There is plentiful fallen wood.

Broad-buckler fern (Dryopteris dilatata) dominates as ground cover in places, with bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) the main ground flora in other areas. Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) also acts as ground-cover as well as ascending as a climber, with the ground being bare (with deep leaf litter) in denser shade. There is also plentiful cleavers (Galium aparine), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), rough meadow-grass (Poa trivialis), and herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), with occasional wood avens (Geum urbanum), foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), red campion (Silene dioica), climbing corydalis (Ceratocapnos claviculata), creeping soft-grass (Holcus mollis), ransoms (Arum maculatum), and false- brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum).

The ditch on the east side features some hard-fern (Blechnum spicant) which is scarce in eastern England, plus common reed (Phragmites australis), and marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre). Other damp areas in hollows have soft rush (Juncus effusus), flag iris (Iris pseudacorus), branched bur-reed (Sparganium erectum) and reed sweet-grass (Glyceria maxima).

Compartment B: North Woodland: Broadleaved Woodland

Main woodland on north-east side of site. This is similar to compartment A, but is more heathy, with some heath species such as gorse (Ulex europaeus), heath bedstraw (Galium saxatile), and wood sage (Teucrium scorodonia) still surviving in the shaded conditions. Towards the north-east corner conditions seem more fertile and neutral, with many common hedgerow-woodland edge plants such as common hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris). Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) and hop (Humulus japonicus) are of note here.

The Pond in this corner had nearly dried up by June 2018, but still had much flag iris; various willows (Salix sp.) including a pollarded crack willow (Salix fragilis); and marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre), wood dock (Rumex sanguineus), floating sweet grass (Glyceria fluitans), and water mint (Mentha aquatica).

Oak-birch woodland north-west side of the heath. To the north of this area there is at least one splendid veteran and possibly pollarded oak worth recording, along with interesting old

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

banks and undulations. The western boundary consists of a gappy old hedge bank with a ditch in places, aspen to the north, and many large/ highly characterful old oak, holly, birch sycamore and hawthorn plus much ivy (Hedera helix). One large oak on a T-junction of banks appears to mark parish boundaries. There are large patches of wood sage along here, wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosa), much climbing Corydalis, and patches of bracken. The woodland structure is very varied and picturesque, and altogether this is a particularly delightful part of the site.

Compartment C1: North Heath

The approach to the heath from the north has plants associated with neutral soil such as broad-leaved plantain (Plantago major), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) and common vetch (Vicia sativa), but more acid conditions are signalled by plentiful foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea), heath speedwell (Veronica officinalis) and increasing amounts of broom (Cytisus scoparius) and gorse.

Large areas of tall gorse scrub have recently been cut by the Honing Estate on the main part of the heath (funded by a Stewardship Scheme), and here heather (Calluna vulgaris) and bell heather (Erica calluna) are thriving and there is plentiful sheep’s sorrel (Rumex acetosella), heath milkwort (Polygala serpyllifolia), cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix), and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), plus sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthemum odoratum), wavy hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa), early hair–grass (Aira praecox), heath wood-rush (Luzula multiflora), pill sedge (Carex pilulifera) and rare heath-grass (Danthonia decumbens).

There is also abundant heath bedstraw (Galium saxatile) - particularly along the paths, which consist of closely rabbit-grazed swards. The open heath area lies on a plateau, and is surrounded by tall gorse/ patches of bracken, with a belt of birch (Betula pendula) woodland behind, mixed woodland below that, and then the adjacent farmland lowest of all beyond.

The Pits have heath groundsel (Senecio sylvaticus) and sheep’s sorrel on their sandy slopes. The damper bottoms still have some heath plants, but are becoming more like adjacent woodland, with grey willow (Salix cinerea), downy birch, Bramble etc, plus marsh thistle, soft rush and moss.

Compartment C1: South Heath

This is another large open area of heath surrounded mainly by birch, with some beautiful individual/stands of oak and birch within it, one of which has been used as an informal bike scrambling track in the past. In this area there is approximately 40-60% cover of heather (Calluna vulgaris). A bracken-dominated area to the east was probably a sand/gravel pit. Horse droppings on the main path through indicate this area’s occasional use by horse riders.

Compartment D: Road Verges

These are quite species-rich, with 40+ species, excluding hedge plants, recorded during 2018 and 2019. Of note is the uncommon hoary cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea).

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Annotated habitat map

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Other notable species:

Turtle dove – heard (05/06/18)

Adjacent habitats/potential buffer zones & linkage to other sites:

Agricultural land with drainage ditches lies to the immediate west with carr woodland beyond. There are houses to the east of Crostwight Heath. Agricultural land lies to the south, with plantation woodland to the south-east.

Crostwight Common (CWS 1221) is to the far west, while East Ruston SSSI is further away to the south.

Is the site in positive conservation management? Yes/no/partly/non-intervention. (Please give details if necessary).

Yes. The north and south areas of heath are being kept open amongst the surrounding scrub and woodland by regular cutting and clearing of cut material.

The woodlands seems to be managed through non-intervention at present.

Has a site condition assessment form been completed for this site? Yes

Site photographs:

Woodland (Stephanie Whitham)

Old pollarded oak

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Heath Interpretation board (Suki Pryce)

Birch with bracken Heath milkwort Old oak understorey (Stephanie Whitham) (Stephanie Whitham) (Stephanie Whitham)

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Plant List

Wildlife in Common Plant List Comp A = South Woods Comp B = North Woods Name of site: Crostwight Heath, Ref 1226 Comp C1 = North Heath; p = Pits Comp C2 = South Heath Date of surveys: 2018 June 6 - July 2019 Comp D = Verges

Survey carried out by: Suki Pryce, Stephanie Whitham and Sally Sharman

Common Name Scientific Name Compartment Comment A B C1 C2 D Yarrow Achillea millefolium R Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus O O Ground Elder Aegopodium podagraria R R R Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum R Common Bent Agrostis capillaris R R R Creeping Bent Agrostis stolonifera O O F O Early Hair-grass Aira praecox R Garlic Mustard Alliaria petiolata R R Ramsoms Allium ursinum R Barren Brome Anisantha sterilis R Sweet Vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum O R Cow Parsley Anthriscus sylvestris R Parsley Piert Aphanes agg R pR R Greater Burdock Arctium lappa R Lesser Burdock Arctium minus R Horseradish Armoracia rusticana R False Oat-grass Arrhenathemum elatior O O Cuckoopint Arum maculatum O Daisy Bellis perennis R R Silver Birch Betula pendula F Downy Birch O, Betula pubescens F O pO Hard-fern TG 3452 Blechnum spicant R 2966 False Brome Brachypodium sylvaticum R R R Heather F, O Calluna vulgaris pO Hairy Sedge Carex hirta R Pill Sedge Carex pilulifera R Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa F O Knapweed Centaurea nigra R R Common Mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum R R

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Common Name Scientific Name Compartment Comment Ceratocapnos Climbing Corydalis claviculatum O O pO Rough Chervil Chaerophyllum temulum R R R Rosebay Willowherb Chamerion angustiflium R Creeping Thistle Cirsium arvense R Marsh Thistle Cirsium palustre R R R Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare R Hazel Corylus avellana R R Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna O O Smooth Hawk's- R beard Crepis capillaris Broom Cytisus scoparius R R Cock's-foot Dactylis glomerata O O R O Heath-grass Danthonia decumbens R Tufted hair-grass Deschampsia cespitosa pR Wavy Hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa R Foxglove Digitalis purpurea R R R Broad Buckler-fern Dryopteris dilatata F O Field Horsetail Equisetum arvense R Marsh Horsetail Equisetum palustre R Bell Heather Erica cinerea O R Cross-leaved Heath Erica tetralix R Beech Fagus sylvatica O R O, O Red Fescue Festuca rubra pO Lesser Celandine Ficaria verna R R Alder Buckthorn Frangula alnus R Ash Fraxinus excelsior R R Snowdrop Galanthus agg R R Cleavers Galium aparine O O R F, R Heath Bedstraw Galium saxatile pO Dove's-foot Crane's- bill Geranium molle R Herb Robert Geranium robertianum F F Wood Avens Geum urbanum R R Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea F F Floating Sweet R Grass Glyceria fluitans Reed Sweet Grass Glyceria maxima R Ivy Hedera helix F F Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium R R Yorkshire Fog Holcus lanatus O O O Creeping Soft-grass Holcus mollis O O O Hop Humulus lupulus R

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Common Name Scientific Name Compartment Comment Hyacinthoides non- Bluebell scripta R R R Spainish Hyacinthus hispanica/x Bluebell/hybrid variabilis R Hypericum R Tutsan androsaemum Perforated St R John's-wort Hypericum perforatum Cat's-ear Hypochaeris radicata R R Holly Ilex aquifolium R R R R Yellow Iris Irus pseudacorus R R Soft Rush R, Juncus effusus R R pR White Dead-nettle Lamium album R Rye Grass Lolium perenne O Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum F O pO O Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus R Lotus corniculatus var R Bird's-foot Trefoil sativus Field Wood-rush Luzula campestris R O Heath Wood-rush Luzula multiflorus ssp O congestus Crab Apple Malus pumila R Water Mint Mentha aquatica R Field Forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis R R Changing Forget- Myosotis discolor R me-not Narcissus R lF Daffodil pseudonarcissus lF Bird's-foot Ornithopus perpusillus lFp Wood Sorrel Oxalis acetosa O Pentaglottis Green Alkanet sempervirens R Common Reed Phragmites australis R Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris F Buckshorn Plantain R, Plantago coronopus pR Ribwort Plantain Plantago lanceolata O Greater Plantain Plantago major R O Annual Meadow Poa annua O Grass Rough meadow Grass Poa trivialis, O O O O Heath Milkwort Polygala serpyllifolia R Intermediate Polypody Polypody interjectum R White poplar Populus alba R Aspen Populus tremula lF O R O

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Common Name Scientific Name Compartment Comment Silverweed Potentilla anserina R Hoary Cinquefoil Potentilla argentea R Tormentil Potentilla erecta R Self-heal Prunella vulgaris pR Cherry Prunus avium R Cherry Plum Prunus cerasifera R Wild Plum Prunus domestica R Blackthorn Prunus spinosa O O Bracken Pteridium aquilinum lA O plA O Pendunculate Oak Quercus robur F F Meadow Buttercup Ranunculus acris R Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens R R Redcurrant Ribes nigrum R Dog Rose Rosa canina R Bramble F O, O Rubus fruticosus agg. O pO O, R Sheep's Sorrel Rumex acetosella pO Broad-leaved Dock Rumex obtusifolius R R R Wood Dock Rumex sanguineus R R Slender Pearlwort Sagina filicaulis R Goat Willow Salix caprea R R R, Grey Willow Salix cinerea pO Crack Willow Salix fragilis R Elder Sambucus nigra R R R Heath Groundsel Senecio sylvaticus pR R, Common Ragwort Senecio jacobaea R pR R Red Campion Silene dioica R R Rowan Sorbus aucuparia R Sand Spurrey Spergularia rubra R Hedge Woundwort Stachys sylvatica R R Lesser Stichwort Stellaria graminea R Greater Stichwort Stellaria holostea R Chickweed Stellaria media R R Lesser Chickweed Stellaria pallida R Black Bryony Tamus communis R Dandelion Taraxacum agg. R O Yew Taxus baccata R R Wood Sage Teucrium scorodonia O lA pO R Lesser Trefoil Trifolium dubium R Slender Trefoil Trifolium micranthum R Red Clover Trifolium pratense R White Clover Trifolium repens R

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Common Name Scientific Name Compartment Comment European Gorse O A. O Ulex europaeus lD Western Gorse Ulex gallii O Common Nettle Urtica dioica O O Wall Speedwell Veronica arvensis R Germander R R Speedwell Veronica chamaedrys Ivy-leaved R Speedwell Veronica hederifolia Heath Speedwell Veronica officinalis R Thyme-leaved Speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia R Tufted Vetch Vicia cracca R Common Vetch Vicia sativa ssp segetum R R Common Dog-violet Viola riviniana R Squirrel-tail Fescue Vulpia bromoides R Rat's-tail Fescue Vulpia myuros R

Wildlife in Common Fauna List + Mosses, Fungi etc

Name of site: Crostwight Heath Stephanie Whitham, Sally Surveyors: Sharman and Suki Pryce Date of surveys: 6 June 2018 to 9 July 2019

BIRDS

Species First seen Comments Blackbird 5/6/18 Blackcap 5/6/18 Blue Tit 5/6/18 Buzzard 5/6/18 2 circling overhead Carrion Crow 5/6/18 Chaffinch 5/6/18 Chiffchaff 5/6/18 Coal Tit 2/8/18 Cuckoo 2019 Seen by Tim Hodge Dunnock 5/6/18 Goldcrest 12/2/19 Goldfinch 2/8/18 Great Tit 5/6/18 Great Spotted Woodpecker 10/1/19 Green Woodpecker 5/6/18 House Martin 5/6/18 Jay 5/6/18 Kestrel 5/6/18 Linnet 14/5/19 North heath Long-tailed Tit 12/2/19

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Species First seen Comments Marsh Tit 21/10/18 Usually along north west boundary Pheasant 5/6/18 Red-legged Partridge 14/11/18 Robin 5/6/18 Rook 5/6/18 Song Thrush 16/4/19 Sparrowhawk 14/5/19 Stock Dove 5/6/18 Tawny Owl 5/6/18 Heard calling Turtle Dove 5/6/18 Heard briefly from sandpit Willow Warbler 5/6/18 Singing from east Wood Pigeon 5/6/18 Wren 5/6/18

INSECTS

Species First seen Comments Brimstone 9/5/18 Large White Butterfly 2/8/18 Meadow Brown Butterfly 4/7/18 Orange Tip Butterfly 9/5/18 Peacock Butterfly 4/7/18

Red Admiral Butterfly 2/8/18 Ringlet 4/7/18 Small Copper 2/8/18 Several more 25/9/18 Although a lot present in 2018, none at all seen in 2019 Small Tortishell 16/4/19 Small White 9/5/18 Speckled Wood 4/7/18

Cinnabar Moth 19/6/18 Caterpillars on Ragwort 4/7/18 Forester Moth 4/7/18 On Wood sage Silver Y Moth 4/7/18

Red Tailed Bee Queen 19/6/18 Ivy Bees 25/9/18 Bare earth on north heath Hornet 2/8/18

7 Spot Ladybird 8/8/18

Orange Ladybird 3/10/18 Woodland (Halyzia sedecimguttata) Field Grasshopper 8/8/18 Lots on heath Long winged Conehead 15/9/18 Heard on heath (with Bat Detector) Marmalade Hoverfly 9/7/19 Lots on brambles

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Species First seen Comments Brown Hawker Dragonfly 8/8/18 Common Darter Dragonfly 25/9/18 Large Red Damselfly 14/5/19 Southern Hawker Dragonfly 8/8/18

Green Tiger Beetle 16/4/19 Sandpit Cicindela campestris Heath Assassin bug species 09/10/18 On bare earth on north Coranus species heath where bees nest Parent Shieldbug 09/06/18 Young in woodland, on birch Elasmucha grisea leaf

MAMMALS

Species First Seen Comments Red Deer 8/10/18 Heard calling/rutting season Reeves Muntjac Deer 9/5/18 Roe Deer 9/5/18 Rabbits Not seen, but lots of droppings! Moles 9/7/19 Evidence seen on verges Grey Squirrel 2/8/18 Wood Mouse 9/10/18 Seen in dry south pond Fox 2019 Evidence of droppings

AMPHIBIANS

Species First Seen Comments Common Frog 9/10/18

REPTILES – mats put down and checked May, June and July 2019

Species First Seen Comments Common Lizard 14/5/19 Large adult on south heath area Slow worm 14/5/19 One adult on heath, one baby under reptile mat 2

FUNGI – Steve Pinnington and Yvonne Mynett

English name Latin Date seen Comments Birch Polypore Piptoporus betulinus 9/10/18 (Razorstrop)

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Blackedge Bonnet Mycena pelianthina 9/10/18 English name Latin Date seen Comments Bracken Map Rhopoglaphus 9/10/18 filicinus Brown Rollrim Paxillus involutus 9/10/18 Chaetosphaerella 9/10/18 A black crust phaeostroma Chicken of the Lactiporus 9/10/18 North west boundary Woods sulphurous Common Bonnet Mycena galericulata 9/10/18 Deer Shield Pluteus cervinus 9/10/18 Dogs Vomit Fuligo septica 9/10/18 A slime mould False Chanterelle Hygrophoropsis 9/10/18 aurantiaca Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 26/9/18 South woods Hairy Curtain Crust Stereum hirstum 9/10/18 Holly Speckle Trochila ilicina 9/10/18 Honey Fungus sp 26/9/18 Inkcap sp Coprinus 9/10/18 Oakbug Milkcap Lactarius quietus 9/10/18 Ochre Brittlegill Russula ochroleuca 9/10/18 Stinkhorn Phallus impudicus 9/10/18 Sulphur Tuft Hypholoma 9/10/18 fasciculare Sycamore Tar Spot Rhytisma acerinum 9/10/18 Violet Bramble Rust Phragmidium 9/10/18 violaceum Witches Broom Taphrina betulina 9/10/18 Wood Blewit Lepista nuda 9/10/18 Wood Woolly-foot Collybici peronata 9/10/18

Mosses

English name Latin Date seen Bank Haircap Polytrichastrum formosum 9/5/19 near sandpit Heath Star-moss Campylopus introflexus 9/11/18 north heath Silky Forklet-moss Diranella heteromalla 9/11/18 north heath Cypress-Leaved Plait-moss Hypnum cupressiforme 9/11/18 north heath Common Feather-moss Kindbergia praelonga 9/11/18 north heath Neat Feather-moss Pseudosiceropodium purum 9/11/18 north heath Spring Turf-moss Rhytydiadelphus squarrosus 9/11/18 north heath

Drummond’s Thread-moss found in the sand pit in the past, but not seen recently

LICHENS

English name Latin Date seen Mealy Pixie Cup Cladonia chlorophaea 30/1/19

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Side of north pit

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Invertebrate list Recorder: Tim Hodge

Species Common name Taxon group Grid ref Date Lithobius forficarius centipede TG3430 21/03/2019 Andrion regensteinense insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Anobium punctatum Common Furniture Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Betulapion simile insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Brachypterus glaber insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Calvia quattuordecimguttata Cream-spot Ladybird insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Calvia quattuordecimguttata Cream-spot Ladybird insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Cartodere nodifer insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Cicindela campestris Green Tiger Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Coccinella septempunctata 7-spot Ladybird insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Exapion ulicis Gorse Weevil insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Lagria hirta insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Lochmaea suturalis Heather Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Meligethes aeneus Common Pollen Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Meligethes aeneus Common Pollen Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Micrambe ulicis insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Oedemera lurida insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Oedemera nobilis Swollen-thighed Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Otiorhynchus singularis Clay-coloured Weevil insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Oulema melanopus s.l. Cereal Leaf Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Paradromius linearis insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Poecilus versicolor insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Protopirapion atratulum insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Syntomus foveatus insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Trixagus dermestoides insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Species Common name Taxon group Grid ref Date Typhaeus typhoeus Minotaur Beetle insect - beetle (Coleoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Atlantopsocus adustus insect - booklouse (Psocoptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Caecilius fuscopterus insect - booklouse (Psocoptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Peripsocus subfasciatus insect - booklouse (Psocoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Philotarsus parviceps insect - booklouse (Psocoptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Trichopsocus brincki insect - booklouse (Psocoptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Andrena nigroaenea Buffish Mining Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Andrena nitida Grey-patched Mining Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Andrena minutula Common Mini-miner insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Andrena subopaca Impunctate Mini-miner insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Andrena haemorrhoa Early Mining Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Andrena flavipes Yellow Legged Mining Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Aneugmenus padi insect - hymenopteran TG344299 27/06/2019 Anoplius nigerrimus insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Arachnospila spissa insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Athalia bicolor insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Bombus hypnorum Tree Bumblebee insect - hymenopteran TG3430 21/03/2019 Bombus lapidarius Large Red-tailed Bumblebee insect - hymenopteran TG3430 21/03/2019 Bombus lucorum/terrestris/magnus/cryptarum White-tailed Bumblebee agg. insect - hymenopteran TG3430 21/03/2019 Bombus terrestris Buff-tailed Bumblebee insect - hymenopteran TG3430 21/03/2019 Evagetes crassicornis insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Hedychridium ardens insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Lasioglossum parvulum Smooth-gastered Furrow Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Lasioglossum pauxillum Lobe-spurred Furrow Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Lasioglossum punctatissimum Long-faced Furrow Bee insect - hymenopteran TG3430 21/03/2019 Lasioglossum punctatissimum Long-faced Furrow Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Mimumesa dahlbomi insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Species Common name Taxon group Grid ref Date Nomada flavoguttata Little Nomad Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Nomada goodeniana Gooden's Nomad Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Nomada marshamella Marsham's Nomad Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Nomada panzeri Panzer's Nomad Bee Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Nomada ruficornis Fork-jawed Nomad Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Nysson spinosus Large Spurred Digger Wasp insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Priocnemis parvula insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Priocnemis susterai insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Sphecodes geoffrellus Geoffroy's Blood Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Sphecodes puncticeps Sickle-jawed Blood Bee insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Tachysphex pompiliformis insect - hymenopteran TG345300 06/06/2019 Blastobasis adustella Furness Dowd insect - moth TG343298 23/07/2019 Epagoge grotiana Brown-barred Twist insect - moth TG344299 27/06/2019 Phymatopus hecta Gold Swift insect - moth TG344299 27/06/2019 Psyche casta Common Sweep insect - moth TG344299 27/06/2019 Anthocoris nemorum Common Flower Bug insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Cardiastethus fasciiventris insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Ditropis pteridis insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Ditropis pteridis insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Elasmostethus interstinctus Birch Shieldbug insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Elasmostethus interstinctus Birch Shieldbug insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Elasmucha grisea Parent Bug insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Kleidocerys resedae Birch Catkin Bug insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Lygus maritimus insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Lygus rugulipennis European Tarnished Plant Bug insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Miris striatus Fine Streaked Bugkin insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Nabis rugosus Common Damselbug insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Oncopsis flavicollis insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG344299 27/06/2019

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Species Common name Taxon group Grid ref Date Phytocoris longipennis insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Ulopa reticulata insect - true bug (Hemiptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Argyra diaphana insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Calliopum aeneum insect - true fly (Diptera) TG343298 23/07/2019 Calliphora vicina Common Bluebottle insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Camarota curvipennis insect - true fly (Diptera) TG3430 21/03/2019 Cheilosia lasiopa insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Cheilosia ranunculi insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Chloromyia formosa Broad Centurion insect - true fly (Diptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Chrysotus gramineus insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Diastata costata insect - true fly (Diptera) TG344299 27/06/2019 Dolichopus nubilus insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Episyrphus balteatus Marmalade Hoverfly insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Eristalis tenax insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Eudasyphora cyanella insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Eumerus strigatus Lesser Bulb-Fly insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Eupeodes corollae insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Eupeodes luniger insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Helophilus pendulus insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Hydrellia maura insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Lucilia caesar Common Greenbottle insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Melanogaster hirtella insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Melinda viridicyanea Dark-palped Melinda insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Merodon equestris Greater Bulb-Fly insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Phaonia subventa insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Physiphora alceae insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Pollenia rudis Awkward Clusterfly insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Saltella sphondylii insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Species Common name Taxon group Grid ref Date Sarcophaga aratrix insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Sarcophaga caerulescens insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Sarcophaga carnaria insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Sarcophaga haemorrhoa insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Sarcophaga incisilobata insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Sarcophaga vagans insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Sarcophaga variegata insect - true fly (Diptera) TG345300 06/06/2019 Diaea dorsata spider (Araneae) TG343298 23/07/2019 Pardosa pullata spider (Araneae) TG345300 06/06/2019 Allacma fusca springtail (Collembola) TG344299 27/06/2019 Orchesella cincta springtail (Collembola) TG3430 21/03/2019

NORFOLK FUNGUS RECORDS Substrate Finder Identifier

Place: Crostwight Heath Grid Ref: TG 344 299 Date: 16th November 2019 Organisation: NFSG Present: M. Abdullah, J Bartlett, A. Beaumont, A. Crotty, J. Emerson, S. & G. Judd, C. Lansdell, N. Mahler, M. Miller, T. Moverley, S. Pinnington, I. Senior, C. Sharpe, S. Witham, S. Wright.

AGARICS and BOLETES Amanita gemmata Jewelled Amanita Oak S. Wright N. Mahler Amanita muscaria Fly Agaric Soil with Birch S. Wright S. Wright Amanita phalloides Death Cap S. Wright S. Wright Amanita rubescens var. rubescens Blusher Soil with Birch J. Emerson J. Emerson Ampulloclitocybe clavipes Club Foot I. Senior N. Mahler Baeospora myosura Conifercone Cap Cone I. Senior I. Senior

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

NORFOLK FUNGUS RECORDS Substrate Finder Identifier Clitocybe fragrans Fragrant Funnel I. Senior I. Senior Clitocybe nebularis Clouded Funnel I. Senior I. Senior Clitocybe vibecina Mealy Funnel Pine N. Mahler N. Mahler Cortinarius hemitrichus Betula N. Mahler N. Mahler Crepidotus epibryus Grass Oysterling Leaf A. Crotty A. Crotty Crepidotus variabilis Variable Oysterling Twig also on grass stem A. Crotty A. Crotty Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes Velvet Shank I. Senior I. Senior Gymnopilus penetrans Common Rustgill I. Senior N. Mahler Hypholoma fasciculare var. fasciculare Sulphur Tuft Dead stump S. Judd S. Judd Inocybe geophylla White Fibrecap Oak N. Mahler N. Mahler Laccaria amethystina Amethyst Deceiver Oak / birch J. Emerson J. Emerson Laccaria laccata Deceiver A. Beaumont A. Crotty Laccaria proxima Scurfy Deceiver Soil with Birch A. Crotty A. Crotty Lactarius quietus Oakbug Milkcap J. Emerson J. Emerson Lactarius tabidus Birch Milkcap Soil with Birch S. Judd S. Judd Lactarius turpis Ugly Milkcap Birch G. Judd G. Judd Lepista flaccida Tawny Funnel A. Crotty S. Judd Lepista nuda Wood Blewit C. Sharpe C. Sharpe Marasmiellus ramealis Twig Parachute Bramble A. Crotty N. Mahler Mycena arcangeliana Angel’s Bonnet Dead twig I. Senior N. Mahler Mycena galopus var. galopus Milking Bonnet A. Crotty A. Crotty Mycena inclinata Clustered Bonnet Dead oak N. Mahler N. Mahler Mycena leptocephala Nitrous Bonnet A. Crotty A. Crotty Mycena metata A. Crotty A. Crotty Mycena pelianthina Blackedge Bonnet N. Mahler N. Mahler Mycena polyadelpha Dead oak leaf G. Judd A. Crotty Mycena pura Lilac Bonnet I. Senior I. Senior Mycena rosea Rosy Bonnet N. Mahler N. Mahler

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

NORFOLK FUNGUS RECORDS Substrate Finder Identifier Parasola conopilea Conical Brittlestem S. Wright J. Emerson Paxillus involutus Brown Roll-rim I. Senior I. Senior Pholiota highlandensis Bonfire Scalycap Moss on bonfire site N. Mahler N. Mahler Pleurotus ostreatus Oyster Mushroom N. Mahler N. Mahler Resupinatus trichotis Hairy Oysterling Gorse A. Beaumont N. Mahler Rhodocollybia butyracea Butter Cap C. Lansdell S. Pinnington Rhodocollybia maculata Spotted Toughshank I. Senior I. Senior Rickenella fibula Orange Mosscap N. Mahler N. Mahler Russula betularum Birch Brittlegil Birch N. Mahler N. Mahler Russula ochroleuca Ochre Brittlegill C. Sharpe N. Mahler Russula parazurea Powdery Brittlegill J. Emerson J. Emerson Stropharia inuncta Smoky Roundhead Rotten wood N. Mahler N. Mahler Tricholoma scalpturatum Yellowing knight I. Senior N. Mahler Tricholoma stiparophyllum Chemical Knight N. Mahler N. Mahler Tricholoma terreum Grey Knight N. Mahler N. Mahler Tubaria furfuracea Scurfy Twiglet N. Mahler N. Mahler

BRACKETS and RESUPINATES Bjerkandera adusta Smoky Bracket Gorse A. Crotty A. Crotty Bjerkandera fumosa Big Smoky Bracket Gorse A. Crotty A. Crotty Byssomerulius corium Netted crust Dead gorse A. Beaumont A. Crotty Chondrostereum purpureum Silverleaf Fungus Gorse J. Emerson J. Emerson Coniophora puteana Wet Rot Hawthorn N. Mahler N. Mahler Peniophora incarnata Rosy Crust A. Beaumont A. Crotty Peniophora quercina Oak Crust J. Emerson J. Emerson Phlebia tremellosa Jelly Rot Dead wood I. Senior I. Senior Piptoporus betulinus Birch Polypore Birch I. Senior I. Senior Postia subcaesia Blueing Bracket Gorse J. Emerson J. Emerson

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

NORFOLK FUNGUS RECORDS Substrate Finder Identifier Radulomyces confluens A. Crotty A. Crotty Radulomyces molaris Oak Toothcrust Dead wood A. Crotty A. Crotty Schizopora paradoxa Split Porecrust A. Crotty A. Crotty Stereum gausapatum Bleeding Oak Crust Dead oak I. Senior I. Senior Stereum hirsutum Hairy Curtain Crust Dead wood I. Senior S. Pinnington Stereum subtomentosum Yellowing curtain crust I. Senior J. Emerson Trametes versicolor Turkeytail Gorse M. Abdullah M. Abdullah

GASTERMYCETES (Puffballs etc.) Lycoperdon perlatum Common Puffball C. Sharpe N. Mahler Lycoperdon pyriforme Stump puffball Dead wood C. Sharpe C. Sharpe Mutinus caninus Dog stinkhorn N. Mahler N. Mahler Scleroderma citrinum Common Earthball Oak C. Sharpe C. Sharpe

JELLY FUNGI etc. Auricularia auricula-judae Jelly ear A. Beaumont S. Judd Calocera cornea Small Stagshorn Gorse J. Emerson J. Emerson Dacrymyces stillatus Common Jellyspot S. Judd S. Judd Exidia glandulosa Witches' Butter A. Beaumont S. Judd Exidia thuretiana White Brain Dead gorse A. Beaumont G. Judd Tremella foliacea Leafy Brain S. Wright S. Wright Tremella mesenterica Yellow Brain Dead gorse N. Mahler N. Mahler

CHANTERELLES etc.

SPINDLE FUNGI Macrotyphula juncea Slender club Oak C. Sharpe C. Sharpe

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

NORFOLK FUNGUS RECORDS Substrate Finder Identifier TOOTHED FUNGI

ASCOMYCETES and conidial fungi Annulohypoxylon multiforme Birch Woodwart Birch I. Senior I. Senior Ascocoryne sarcoides Purple Jellydisc I. Senior I. Senior Beauveria bassiana Dead weevil S. Wright S. Wright Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis Red Campion S. Wright S. Wright Cristulariella depraedans Sycamore S. Wright S. Wright Diatrypella quercina Oak Blackhead Dead oak J. Emerson J. Emerson Erysiphe alphitoides Oak mildew Oak leaf S. Wright S. Wright Leptosphaeria acuta Nettle Rash S. Wright S. Wright Marssonina betulae Birch S. Wright S. Wright Nectria cinnabarina Coral Spot C. Lansdell S. Judd Otidea onotica Hare's Ear M. Abdullah S. Judd Periconia minutissima Decaying wood sage leaf A. Beaumont S. Wright Peziza granulosa Soil bonfire site J. Emerson A. Crotty Phacidium lauri S. Wright S. Wright Phleogena faginea Fenugreek Stalkball Dead oak N. Mahler N. Mahler Ramularia endophylla Fallen oak leaves S. Wright S. Wright Ramularia superflua Stinging nettle leaves S. Wright S. Wright Rhopographus filicinus Bracken Map I. Senior I. Senior Rhytisma acerinum Sycamore Tarspot Sycamore leaf S. Wright S. Wright Rutstroemia firma Brown Cup I. Senior I. Senior Sawadaea bicornis Maple mildew Sycamore S. Wright S. Wright Taphrina betulina Witches broom Birch S. Wright S. Wright Trochila ilicina Holly Speckle S. Wright S. Wright Venturia fraxini Fallen ash leaves S. Wright S. Wright Xylaria hypoxylon Candlesnuff Dead wood I. Senior I. Senior

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

NORFOLK FUNGUS RECORDS Substrate Finder Identifier RUSTS and SMUTS Kuehneola uredinis Pale Bramble Rust A. Beaumont S. Wright Melampsora populnea Dog’s mercury rust Aspen S. Wright S. Wright Melampsoridium betulinum Birch rust Birch S. Wright S. Wright Phragmidium bulbosum Bramble S. Judd S. Judd Puccinia annularis Wood sage S. Wright S. Wright Puccinia behenis Red Campion S. Wright S. Wright Puccinia glechomatis Ground-Ivy Rust Ground Ivy S. Wright S. Wright

Species total 111

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

Appendices:

Appendix 1

Moth Trapping Report for Crostwight Heath 2017

The first moth trapping session of 2017 was in March, so no huge catches like the one at Crostwight Common in the unseasonal February warmth, which actually only lasted a couple of nights. But none the less, the Heath produced some interested species of its own, in what was a very good mothing year.

A total of 8 visits were made between March and September, with a species total of 196 macro moths and 82 micro moths, which included 22 new macro species and 34 new micro species, bringing the site species list to 288 and 178 respectively. Included in the new species recorded in 2017 were one Dusky Hook-tip which is a Red Data Book species and 3rd record for Norfolk, one Pale-lemon Sallow which is a Nationally Scarce A species, three Nationally Scarce B species, one BAP species, three species that are scarce in Norfolk and twenty species that are found locally, rather than being widespread in Norfolk.

Also of note were the eight species which are Heather specialists. Four of these are regularly recorded in reasonable numbers, including Aristotelia ericinella, which on one night there were 398 in a single trap! So far though, all these Heather specialists have been recorded on the North side, where the Heather is more established, but it must only be a matter of time before some of them eventually make their way “over the road” to the South side. There have also been seven species recorded that are associated with Gorse but which have not been recorded regularly or in any number. Cydia ulicetana and Coleophora albicosta are day fliers, which would explain why there are not many records of those in the moth trap. However, the former can be seen on any warm day flying around the Gorse in numbers, and presumably the latter would be present there too. As for the other species, they appear to be a little more elusive, so maybe an additional moth trap nearer the gorse and some dusking activity around the gorse would provide further records.

As mentioned in the Crostwight Common report, the good numbers of new species caught in 2017 must have been partly due to the good weather during the peak flight time, encouraging moths to move around more and fly further afield. But as with the Common, the number of each new species caught were only either in ones, twos and occasionally three, and several were the same species new to both sites. In keeping with the Common, some of the micro moths were specifically targeted in order to sort out some species that are difficult to identify as adults. One or two of each particular species is retained for dissection to identify them by examining the genitalia, hence generating a number of records of ones and twos.

Searching for the heathland micro Acleris hyemana again proved fruitless, even though several visits were made at dusk with a net and head torch. Using pheromone lures to attract males of the “Clearwing” moth species also drew a blank, but was successful for the Emperor Moth, attracting two males one sunny afternoon at the end of April.

WILDLIFE IN COMMON PROJECT SURVEY

With the total number of moth species recorded now at 466, is the 500 mark on the horizon? Hopefully, further progress to that goal can be made in 2018.

Thanks once again to the Honing estate for allowing regular moth trapping to be carried out at Crostwight Heath. Thanks also to Jon Clifton (Anglian Lepidopterists) for identifying the more difficult micro moth species.

Mick A'Court

Appendix 2

Geological Background - With thanks to local geologist Martin Warren

Most of the higher ground of Crostwight Heath comprises sands and gravels of the Happisburgh Glacigenic Formation. This is part of the deposits of the Anglian Glaciation (476,000 – 420,000 years ago = Middle Pleistocene (Ice Age)). At the surface around Crostwight there are sands (and maybe gravels too) that rest on the Happisburgh Till (a relationship that can be seen in the type section in the cliffs at Happisburgh).

Martin Warren believes these were probably laid down in a glacial lake left when the Anglian ice sheet had receded from the area; and may even have been at the margins of the putative freshwater lake that filled the southern North Sea area and was bounded by ice to the north, England to the west and the Netherlands to the East until the barrier chalk ridge near Dover was catastrophically breached, and the lake drained into the English Channel.

At the south-west end of the heath area there are the hollows known as the Pits, which were formerly dug informally by commoners for sand and gravel, leaving behind some low, damp areas, and interesting ‘mini-cliffs’ some 4m high. The material seen here comprises relatively sharp, unsorted glacial outwash material which is probably younger again than the Happisburgh formation and is likely to belong to the Briton’s Lane Formation. Elsewhere, there are several shallower but still quite pronounced hollow areas that were evidently dug for Happisburgh sands/gravels.

The valley bottoms in this area were cut into the earlier deposits by rivers, and were later filled with the more recent alluvial deposits and peat of the Bredon Formation. Martin believes that these are mostly from the Holocene of the present interglacial (less than 12,000 years old), and provided the peat which was later cut for fuel by commoners.