Entomology 101 Jason J. Dombroskie Manager, Cornell U. Collection Coordinator, Insect Diagnostic Lab This material [email protected] can only be used for CCE MGV audiences. Outline

• What is an insect? • Anatomy • Life cycles • Diversity • Major orders • Herbivory

Corydalus cornutus Cornell U. Insect Collection

• > 7 million specimens • ~200 000 species • worldwide coverage • http://cuic.entomology.cornell.edu/ • on facebook Insect Diagnostic Lab

• ~700 IDs per year • 10-20 000 IDs for NYS Dept. Ag. & Markets • occasionally IDs can be made from a photo • mostly local, but some submissions worldwide • $25 fee • http://entomology.cornell.edu/IDL

Regier, et al. 2005 What is an insect?

• 3 main body parts • 6 jointed legs • 1 pair of antennae • compound eyes • usually some sort of metamorphosis

Booneacris glacialis Head

• antennae • mouthparts • compound eyes • ocelli Monochamus scutellatus Popillia japonica

Tetanocera sp. Antheraea polyphemus

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labrum maxilla mandible labium cornutus

Polygonia progne Aedes sp.

Hybomitra zonalis Monochamus notatus Aeshna canadensis

Isoptera Darapsa myron Thorax

• six legs • four wings or less

• muscular Amateur Amateur Entomologists’ Society Limenitis archippus

Lethocerus americanus Zeugomantispa minuta

Machimus sp. with Herpetogramma pertextalis wikimedia commons Tipula apicalis

Cybister fimbriolatus

Elasmucha lateralis Automeris io Abdomen

• internal organs • genitalia • ovipositor Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis Lauxania shewelli

Merope tuber Adoxophyes sp. Anabrus simplex

Bombus ternarius Megarhyssa atrata Growth • exoskeleton • body expands after moult, then hardens • each moult is called an instar • all moulting is done by the nymph or • adult do not moult, therefore do not grow • adult structures are present in the immatures as either pads or imaginal discs

Acrididae Incomplete Metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis Breathing

• spiracles, tiny holes on side of body • connect up to tracheae

Smerinthus jamaicensis Insect Diversity

• Over 1 million described species (>65% diversity) • 3-8 million species total • Well over 16 000 species in NY State

Eucatocha ?barberi Bugs:

• sucking mouthparts • Heteroptera – with hemelytra – beak with jointed sheath • “Homoptera” – both wings similar in texture – beak slender, unjointed Anthocoris melanocerus Banasa dimidiata

Tibicen canicularis Macrosiphum sp. Beetles: Coleoptera

• one of the big four, may be most diverse group • adults with elytra • diverse in form

Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus Ontholestes cingulatus Pyractomena sp.

Evodinus monticola Chrysomela scripta Flies: Diptera

• single pair of wings • second pair modified to halteres • most diverse group in northern areas • diverse habits

Ctenophora dorsalis Systoechus candidulus Eutreta sp.

Aedes sp. Tabanus lineola group & Butterflies:

• scaly wings • nearly all phytophagous as larvae • adults usually with proboscis, Prochoreutis inflatella feed on fluids • “Microlepidoptera” most diverse Antheraea polyphemus aerata

Satyrium acadicum ?Dejongia lobidactylus Ants, Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies: Hymenoptera • may be most diverse group, esp. parasitoids • “Symphyta” - sawflies – thick waist – caterpillar-like larvae, herbivores • Apocrita - others – wasp-waist – grub-like larvae, various foods Dolerus unicolor Diprion similis

Augochlorposis metallica Diplolepis rosae Herbivore sign

• external feeders – large herbivores – skeletonizers – sap feeders • shelter builders • mobile shelter builders • leafminers • galls • borers

Neodiprion lecontei Oligiocentria lignicolor Nematus calais

Blepharida rhois Melanoplus femurrubrum Bucculatrix canadensisella Pyrrhalta viburni

Paraclemensia acerifoliella Caliroa sp. Corythuca cydoniae Aleyrodidae

Aphrophoridae Coccus sp. melaleucana Acrobasis rubrifasciella

Malacosoma americanum Erynnis icelus Lilioceris lilii Cryptocephalinae

Coleophora deauratella casta Cameraria sp. Dibolia borealis

Phytomyza aquilegivora Metallus sp. Diastrophus sp. Rhabdophaga strobiloides

Epiblema scudderiana Adelges ?lariciatus Bruchinae leucostigma

Tremex columba Cerambycidae