Entomology 101 Jason J. Dombroskie Manager, Cornell U. Insect Collection Coordinator, Insect Diagnostic Lab This material [email protected] can only be used for CCE MGV audiences. Outline
• What is an insect? • Anatomy • Life cycles • Diversity • Major orders • Herbivory
Corydalus cornutus Cornell U. Insect Collection
• > 7 million specimens • ~200 000 species • worldwide coverage • http://cuic.entomology.cornell.edu/ • on facebook Insect Diagnostic Lab
• ~700 IDs per year • 10-20 000 IDs for NYS Dept. Ag. & Markets • occasionally IDs can be made from a photo • mostly local, but some submissions worldwide • $25 fee • http://entomology.cornell.edu/IDL Arthropods
Regier, et al. 2005 What is an insect?
• 3 main body parts • 6 jointed legs • 1 pair of antennae • compound eyes • usually some sort of metamorphosis
Booneacris glacialis Head
• antennae • mouthparts • compound eyes • ocelli Monochamus scutellatus Popillia japonica
Tetanocera sp. Antheraea polyphemus
wikimedia commons
labrum maxilla mandible labium Corydalus cornutus
Polygonia progne Aedes sp.
Hybomitra zonalis Monochamus notatus Aeshna canadensis
Isoptera Darapsa myron Thorax
• six legs • four wings or less
• muscular Amateur Amateur Entomologists’ Society Limenitis archippus
Lethocerus americanus Zeugomantispa minuta
Machimus sp. with Herpetogramma pertextalis wikimedia commons Tipula apicalis
Cybister fimbriolatus
Elasmucha lateralis Automeris io Abdomen
• internal organs • genitalia • ovipositor Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis Lauxania shewelli
Merope tuber Adoxophyes sp. Anabrus simplex
Bombus ternarius Megarhyssa atrata Growth • exoskeleton • body expands after moult, then hardens • each moult is called an instar • all moulting is done by the nymph or larva • adult insects do not moult, therefore do not grow • adult structures are present in the immatures as either pads or imaginal discs
Acrididae Incomplete Metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis Breathing
• spiracles, tiny holes on side of body • connect up to tracheae
Smerinthus jamaicensis Insect Diversity
• Over 1 million described species (>65% animal diversity) • 3-8 million species total • Well over 16 000 species in NY State
Eucatocha ?barberi Bugs: Hemiptera
• sucking mouthparts • Heteroptera – with hemelytra – beak with jointed sheath • “Homoptera” – both wings similar in texture – beak slender, unjointed Anthocoris melanocerus Banasa dimidiata
Tibicen canicularis Macrosiphum sp. Beetles: Coleoptera
• one of the big four, may be most diverse group • adults with elytra • diverse in form
Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus Ontholestes cingulatus Pyractomena sp.
Evodinus monticola Chrysomela scripta Flies: Diptera
• single pair of wings • second pair modified to halteres • most diverse group in northern areas • diverse habits
Ctenophora dorsalis Systoechus candidulus Eutreta sp.
Aedes sp. Tabanus lineola group Moths & Butterflies: Lepidoptera
• scaly wings • nearly all phytophagous as larvae • adults usually with proboscis, Prochoreutis inflatella feed on fluids • “Microlepidoptera” most diverse Antheraea polyphemus Synchlora aerata
Satyrium acadicum ?Dejongia lobidactylus Ants, Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies: Hymenoptera • may be most diverse group, esp. parasitoids • “Symphyta” - sawflies – thick waist – caterpillar-like larvae, herbivores • Apocrita - others – wasp-waist – grub-like larvae, various foods Dolerus unicolor Diprion similis
Augochlorposis metallica Diplolepis rosae Herbivore sign
• external feeders – large herbivores – skeletonizers – sap feeders • shelter builders • mobile shelter builders • leafminers • galls • borers
Neodiprion lecontei Oligiocentria lignicolor Nematus calais
Blepharida rhois Melanoplus femurrubrum Bucculatrix canadensisella Pyrrhalta viburni
Paraclemensia acerifoliella Caliroa sp. Corythuca cydoniae Aleyrodidae
Aphrophoridae Coccus sp. Clepsis melaleucana Acrobasis rubrifasciella
Malacosoma americanum Erynnis icelus Lilioceris lilii Cryptocephalinae
Coleophora deauratella Psyche casta Cameraria sp. Dibolia borealis
Phytomyza aquilegivora Metallus sp. Diastrophus sp. Rhabdophaga strobiloides
Epiblema scudderiana Adelges ?lariciatus Bruchinae Papaipema leucostigma
Tremex columba Cerambycidae