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Malaise-Hyönteispyynti Lapin Suojelualueilla 2012–2014

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Malaise-Hyönteispyynti Lapin Suojelualueilla 2012–2014 Jukka Salmela, Stefan Siivonen, Patrycja Dominiak, Antti Haarto, Kai Heller, Juhani Kanervo, Petri Martikainen, Matti Mäkilä, Lauri Paasivirta, Aki Rinne, Juha Salokannel, Guy Söderman ja Pekka Vilkamaa Malaise-hyönteispyynti Lapin suojelualueilla 2012–2014 Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja A 221 Jukka Salmela, Metsähallitus, Lapin luontopalvelut, jukka.salmela(at)metsa.fi Stefan Siivonen, Metsähallitus, Lapin luontopalvelut, stefan.siivonen(at)metsa.fi Patrycja Dominiak, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdansk, heliocopris(at)gmail.com Antti Haarto, Mietoinen, ahaarto(at)gmail.com Kai Heller, Quickborn, kaiheller(at)gmx.de Juhani Kanervo, Turku, jussi.kanervo(at)luukku.com Petri Martikainen, Juva, petri.martikainen(at)uef.fi Matti Mäkilä, Rovaniemi, makila.entomology(at)gmail.com Lauri Paasivirta, Salo, lauri.paasivirta(at)suomi24.fi Aki Rinne, Helsinki, aki.rinne(at)pintakasittelytekniikka.fi Juha Salokannel, Tampere, juha.salokannel(at)gmail.com Guy Söderman, Helsinki, guy.soderman(at)pp.inet.fi Pekka Vilkamaa, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsingin yliopisto, pekka.vilkamaa(at)helsinki.fi Kansikuva: Malaise-pyydys Pallas–Yllästunturin kansallispuiston Röyninkurussa 2013. Lähteisten latvapurojen varret, varsinkin sellaiset joita ympäröi luonnontilainen havu- metsä, ovat monimuotoisia elinympäristöjä. Tältä paikalta havaittiin mm. Euroopalle uusi sienissääskilaji Mycetophila monstera, erittäin harvinainen pikkuvaaksiainen ou- taruskokirsikäs (Limonia messaurea) ja pohjoinen surviaissääski Orthocladius nitidoscutellatus. Översättning: Pimma Åhman. © Metsähallitus, Vantaa 2015. ISSN-L 1235-6549 ISSN (verkkojulkaisu) 1799-537X ISBN 978-952-295-143-4 (pdf) Jukka Salmela, Stefan Siivonen, Patrycja Dominiak, Antti Haarto, Kai Heller, Juhani Kanervo, Petri Martikainen, Matti Mäkilä, Lauri Paasivirta, Aki Rinne, Juha Salokannel, Guy Söderman ja Pekka Vilkamaa Malaise-pyynti Lapin suojelualueilla 2012–2014 KUVAILULEHTI JULKAISIJA Metsähallitus JULKAISUAIKA 30.11.2015 TOIMEKSIANTAJA HYVÄKSYMISPÄIVÄMÄÄRÄ LUOTTAMUKSELLISUUS Julkinen DIAARINUMERO SUOJELUALUETYYPPI/ kansallispuisto, luonnonpuisto, soidensuojelualue, erämaa-alue, Natura 2000 -alue, SUOJELUOHJELMA soidensuojeluohjelma ALUEEN NIMI NATURA 2000 -ALUEEN 24 Natura 2000 -aluetta NIMI JA KOODI ALUEYKSIKKÖ Lapin luontopalvelut TEKIJÄ(T ) Jukka Salmela, Stefan Siivonen, Patrycja Dominiak, Antti Haarto, Kai Heller, Juhani Kanervo, Petri Martikainen, Matti Mäkilä, Lauri Paasivirta, Aki Rinne, Juha Salokannel, Guy Söderman ja Pekka Vilkamaa JULKAISUN NIMI Malaise-hyönteispyynti Lapin suojelualueilla 2012–2014 TIIVISTELMÄ Vuosina 2012–2014 Metsähallituksen Lapin luontopalvelut toteutti hyönteisten lajistokartoituksia käyttäen Malaise-pyydyksiä. Malaise-pyydykset sopivat matalalla lentävien hyönteisten pyydystämiseen kaikissa elinympäristöissä. Pyydyksiä asetettiin yhteensä 85 kappaletta 24 eri suojelualueelle. Pyydykset sijoitettiin aapasoille, lähteiköille, tunturikosteikoille ja metsäisiin elinympäristöihin. Keskimääräinen pyyntiaika oli 103 vrk/pyydys. Pyydyksistä määritettiin nivelkärsäisiä (Hemiptera), jäytiäisiä (Psocoptera), vesiperhosia (Trichoptera), useita eri kaksisiipisheimoja (Diptera) sekä kovakuoriaisia (Coleoptera). Kattavimmin määritettiin neljä hyönteisryhmää, ns. muut sääsket, nivelkärsäiset, surviaissääsket ja vesiperhoset, kaikkina kolmena vuotena kaikilta kohteilta. Määritetty aineisto koostui n. 80 000 yksilöstä, ja havaittu kokonaislajimäärä oli 2 011, joista 752 havaitiin vain yhdeltä kohteelta. Kokonaislajimäärästä suurin osa oli kaksisiipisiä hyönteisiä (1 587). Muista lahkoista havaittiin 424 lajia (Hemiptera 184, Coleoptera 122, Trichoptera 86, Psocoptera 29). Yhteensä 112 lajia havaittiin tämän kartoituksen myötä ensimmäistä kertaa Suomesta. Määritetyistä lajeista 58 on tieteelle kuvaamatta. Niistä yksi on vesiperhonen ja loput ovat kaksisiipisiä hyönteisiä. Yhteensä kohteilta havaittiin 66 punaisen kirjan lajia (DD, NT, VU, EN). Eniten lajeja havaittiin Savukosken Törmäojalta (811), mutta tällä kohteella oli myös suurin pyyntiponnistus (1 113 pyydysvuorokautta). Pyyntiponnistuksen ja havaittujen lajien määrän sekä havaittujen lajien määrän ja punaisen kirjan lajien määrän välillä oli merkitsevä positiivinen korrelaatio. Neljän kattavimmin määritettyjen ryhmien lajimäärien välillä oli joko heikko positiivinen korrelaatio tai korrelaatiota ei havaittu. Mantelin testin mukaan näiden neljän ryhmän yhteisökoostumukset vaihtelivat samansuuntaisesti. Pohjoisilla alueilla kaksisiipisten hyönteisten merkitys on korostunut. Tulevaisuudessa tätä hyönteisryhmää on syytä käyttää aikaisempaa enemmän lajistokartoituksissa. Yleisesti ottaen kartoituksissa ja selvityksissä tulisi määrittää mahdollisimman monta eri taksonomista ryhmää tai useita ravinnonkäytöltään tai elinympäristöiltään poikkeavia ryhmiä. Suhteellisen suuri tieteelle kuvaamattomien lajien määrä kertoo osaltaan, kuinka huonosti tunnettuja suojelualueiden eliöyhteisöt ovat. Tämä selvitys on myös osoitus viranomaisen (Lapin luontopalvelut) ja hyönteistutkijoiden välisestä tuloksellisesta yhteistyöstä. AVAINSANAT hyönteiset, nivelkärsäiset, jäytiäiset, vesiperhoset, kaksisiipiset, kovakuoriaiset, lajistokartoitus, luonnon monimuotoisuus MUUT TIEDOT SARJAN NIMI JA NUMERO Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja A 221 ISSN-L 1235-6549 ISBN (PDF) 978-952-295-143-4 ISSN (VERKKOJULKAISU) 1799-537X SIVUMÄÄRÄ 141 s. KIELI suomi KUSTANTAJA Metsähallitus PAINOPAIKKA JAKAJA Metsähallitus, luontopalvelut HINTA PRESENTATIONSBLAD UTGIVARE Forststyrelsen UTGIVNINGSDATUM 30.11.2015 UPPDRAGSGIVARE DATUM FÖR GODKÄNNANDE SEKRETESSGRAD Offentlig DIARIENUMMER TYP AV SKYDDSOMRÅDE/ nationalpark, naturreservat, myrskyddsområde, ödemarksområde, Natura 2000-område, SKYDDSPROGRAM myrskyddsprogrammet OMRÅDETS NAMN NATURA 2000 -OMRÅDETS NAMN OCH KOD REGIONAL ENHET Lapplands naturtjänster FÖRFATTARE Jukka Salmela, Stefan Siivonen, Patrycja Dominiak, Antti Haarto, Kai Heller, Juhani Kanervo, Petri Martikainen, Matti Mäkilä, Lauri Paasivirta, Aki Rinne, Juha Salokannel, Guy Söderman och Pekka Vilkamaa PUBLIKATION Insektfångst med Malaise-fälla på naturskyddsområden i Lappland 2012–2014 SAMMANDRAG Lapplands naturtjänster genomförde artinventeringar av insekter med Malaise-fällor. Malaise- fällorna lämpar sig för samling av lågt flygande insekter i alla livsmiljöer. Man placerade sammanlagt 85 fällor på 24 naturskyddsområden. Fällorna sattes upp på aapamyrar, källor, fjällvåtmarker och i skogbevuxna livsmiljöer. Den genomsnittliga fångsttiden var 103 dygn/fälla. Man bestämde halvvingar (Hemiptera), stövsländor (Psocoptera), nattsländor (Trichoptera), flera olika tvåvingsfamiljer (Diptera) samt skalbaggar (Coleoptera) i det insamlade materialet. Fyra insektgrupper bestämdes mer ingående under alla tre åren på samtliga områden, nämligen de s.k. övriga myggorna, halvvingarna, fjädermyggorna och nattsländorma. Det bestämda materialet bestod av 80 000 individ. Det observerade totalantalet arter var 2 011, av vilka 752 arter påträffades endast i ett område. Största delen av det totala artantalet bestod av olika tvåvingar (1 587). Ur andra ordningar observerades 424 arter (Hemiptera 184, Coleoptera 122, Trichoptera 86, Psocoptera 29). Sammanlagt 112 arter påträffades för första gången i Finland vid denna inventering. Av dessa arter var 58 nya för vetenskapen. En av dem är en nattslända, resten tvåvingar. I områdena påträffades sammanlagt 66 rödlistade arter (DD, NT, VU, EN). Mest arter observerades på Törmäoja skyddsområde i Savukoski (811 arter) men i detta område var fångstinsatsen också störst (1 113 fångstdygn). Det finns en signifikant positiv korrelation mellan fångstinsatsen och antalet observerade arter samt mellan antalet observerade arter och antalet rödlistade arter. Den positiva korrelationen mellan artantalen för de fyra mer ingående bestämda insektgrupperna var svag eller så förekom ingen korrelation. Enligt Mantel testet var variationen i insektsamhällenas struktur för dessa fyra djurgrupper samverkande. I nordliga områden framhävs tvåvingarnas betydelse. I framtiden bör man utnyttja denna insektgrupp flitigare i artinventeringar. Allmänt taget borde man vid inventeringar och utredningar bestämma så många taxonomiska grupper som möjligt eller flera grupper som skiljer sig vad gäller födan eller livsmiljön. Det relativt stora antalet för vetenskapen nya arter visar för sin del hur dåligt man känner till naturskyddsområdenas organismsamhällen. Denna inventering är också ett bevis på ett fruktbart samarbete mellan en myndighet (Lapplands naturtjänster) och entomologer. NYCKELORD insekter, halvvingar, stövsländor, nattsländor, tvåvingar, skalbaggar, artinventering, biologisk mångfald ÖVRIGA UPPGIFTER SERIENS NAMN OCH NUMMER Forststyrelsens naturskyddspublikationer. Serie A 221 ISSN-L 1235-6549 ISBN (PDF) 978-952-295-143-4 ISSN (ONLINE) 1799-537X SIDANTAL 141 s. SPRÅK finska FÖRLAG Forststyrelsen TRYCKERI DISTRIBUTION Forststyrelsen, naturtjänster PRIS DOCUMENTATION PAGE PUBLISHED BY Metsähallitus PUBLICATION DATE 30.11.2015 COMMISSIONED BY DATE OF APPROVAL CONFIDENTIALITY Public REGISTRATION NO. PROTECTED AREA National park, Strict nature reserve, Mire conservation area, Wilderness area, Natura-2000 site, TYPE / CONSERVATION Mire conservation program area PROGRAMME NAME OF SITE NATURA 2000 SITE 24 Natura-2000 sites NAME AND CODE REGIONAL Parks & Wildlife Finland, Lapland ORGANISATION AUTHOR(S) Jukka Salmela, Stefan Siivonen, Patrycja Dominiak, Antti Haarto, Kai Heller,
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