DOCSLIB.ORG

Fungus Gnats

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fungus Gnats Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 16(2): 119–128 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2017 Fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the lower course of Anadyr River, Chukotskii Autonomnyi Okrug, Russia Ãðèáíûå êîìàðû (Diptera, Syrphidae) íèçîâèé ðåêè Àíàäûðü (×óêîòñêèé àâòîíîìíûé îêðóã, Ðîññèÿ) A.V. Polevoi*, A.V. Barkalov** À.Â. Ïîëåâîé*, À.Â. Áàðêàëîâ** * Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya Str. 11, Petrozavodsk 185910 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. * Институт леса КарНЦ РАН, ул. Пушкинская 11, Петрозаводск, 185910, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] ** Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. ** Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, ул. Фрунзе 11, Новосибирск 630091 Россия. Key words: fauna, fungus gnats, Anadyr River, Chukotka. Ключевые слова: фауна, грибные комары, река Анадырь, Чукотка. Abstract. The first data on the Fungus gnats fauna of Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Myceto- Chukotka are presented. 170 species belonging to the fami- philidae, belonging to the superfamily Sciaroidea (Diptera, lies Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Keroplatidae and Myce- Nematocera, Bibionomorpha). This is highly diverse group tophilidae were reported during two field seasons in 2013 with estimated number of species around 4500 in the and 2014 in the lower course of the Anadyr River. Eight world fauna and more than 1450 in Palaearctic [Søli et al., species are reported from Russia for the first time, two species are new for the Palaearctic and 27 species were 2000]. In the latter region, they seem to display an in- previously unknown in the eastern part of the Palaearctic; creasing diversity towards the North, with most species- 28 species are most probably undescribed taxa. Widely dis- rich fauna found in Scandinavia [Kjærandsen et al., 2007; tributed circumpolar and transpalaearctic species dominate Søli, Rindal, 2012, Jakovlev et al., 2014b]. the fauna, but there is also considerable number of species The fungus gnats fauna of Russia and some adja- previously known only from northern Europe. Sixteen pre- cent territories are rather well documented [Zaitzev, sumably undescribed species of the subfamilies Sciophilinae, 1994, 2003], however many regions still remain only Gnoristinae and Mycetophilinae may be tentatively consid- superficially studied. Northern and north-eastern Rus- ered as Chukotka endemics. sia are of special concern. Though first data were pub- lished as early as the end of 19th beginning of 20th Резюме. Впервые приводятся данные по фауне гриб- ных комаров Чукотки. За два полевых сезона (2013– century [Holmgren, 1883; Lundström, 1915] just a few 2014 гг.) в низовье реки Анадырь зарегистрировано more or less detailed local studies are known up to now 170 видов из семейств Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, [Blagoderov, 1992; Polevoi, 2010; Krzemiñska, Klimont, Keroplatidae и Mycetophilidae. Восемь видов впервые 2011]. The latest compilation on the fungus gnats of указаны для фауны России. Два вида впервые зарегист- Russian Far East [Zaitzev, 1999] provides no data from рированы в Палеарктике, а 27 видов ранее не были указа- the areas north of Kamtschatka peninsula. The present ны для её восточной части. Двадцать восемь видов пред- paper provides first species list of fungus gnats of положительно являются новыми для науки. Основу Chukotka, and addresses biogeographic peculiarities фауны составляют широко распространённые виды с цир- of the fauna. кумполярным и транспалеарктическим типами ареалов. В то же время, отмечается присутствие значительного числа видов, ранее известных исключительно из северной Study area, material and methods Европы. К условным эндемикам Чукотки можно отнести 16 предположительно неописанных видов из подсемейств The paper is based on the material collected by Sciophilinae, Gnoristinae и Mycetophilinae. second author during two expeditions to Chukotka. In 2013 fungus gnats were collected on the right bank of Introduction the river Anadyr between the mouth of river Omochi and the mountain Amochi. In 2014 collecting sites were Fungus gnats — informal name applied by most Eu- located near the northern part of the ridge Rarytkin, ropean authors for the group of families: Bolitophilidae, about 30 km east of the lake Krasnoe. 120 A.V. Polevoi, A.V. Barkalov Study area lies in the limits of lower Anadyr plane Thorax mainly brown, anterior part of anepimeron yel- and belongs to the subzone of larger dwarf-scrubs [Yurt- lowish, mesoscutum with pale humeral area and stripe ex- sev et al., 1978]. Biotopes are mostly represented by tending laterally along entire of its length. Thoracic bristles hummocky tundra with Eriophorum vaginatum and black. Wing length 3.80–4.04. Wing clear, veins brownish. Carex lugens dominating in the grass layer. Siberian Halter pale yellow. Legs entirely yellow. Ratio of tibia to basitarsus for fore, mid and hind legs: 1.50–1.58; 1.65–1.73; dwarf-pine — Pinus pumila (usually not reaching height 1.68–1.79. Fore tibia with one anteroventral spur, mid and more than 2 m.) is abundant all over the area. More hind tibia with two spurs (anteroventral spur approximately detailed description of collecting localities is given in 2/3 of the length of pv spur). the recent paper [Barkalov, Mutin, 2015]. Abdomen dark brown, tergites II–VI with pale apical Material was collected from 18 July to 7 August (in bands. Abdominal bristles black. Terminalia (Fig. 1). Cercus 2013) and from 22 June to 17 July (in 2014). We used one-segmented and sessile, slightly attenuated to apex. Ster- sweep netting, Malaise traps and Merike traps (water nite VIII with protruding dorsal and ventral parts in lateral filled yellow plastic plates with few drops of detergent). view, ventrally with triangular apicomedial excavation. Macrocerinae Results ? Macrocera ezoensis Okada, 1937 Material. 1$, S2, 25.06–19.07.2014. 170 species belonging to the families Bolitophilidae, Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic: Japan (Hokkaido) and Diadocidiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae were eastern Russia (Sakhalin) [Okada, 1939]. recorded with 8 species new for Russia, 2 species new Remarks. This species fits rather well to the description for the Palaearctic region and 27 species not earlier by Okada [1937] except that is much smaller (body length – known from its eastern part. Systematic order and no- 3.5 mm vs. 6–7.5 mm in M. ezoensis). The study of additional menclature in the following species list are given ac- material is desirable for reliable identification. cording to Kjærandsen et al. [2007a]. Species new for Macrocera parva Lundström, 1914 the fauna of Russia marked with asterisk. Twenty eight species, presumably representing taxa new to science, Material. 1$, S1, 18–24.07.2013; 1$, S2, 25.06– 19.07.2014. are not included in the list. Following notations are Distribution. Palaearctic, widely distributed. used for collecting localities: S1 — 64,83° N, 175,96° E, 90 km from Anadyr, upstream by the river Anadyr, 5–10 Mycetophilidae m above sea level; S2 — 64,72° N, 175,21° E, 130 km from Mycomyinae Anadyr, upstream by the river Anadyr, 15 m above sea Mycomya altaica Väisänen, 1984 level. Distribution, if not specially stated, is given ac- Material. 1#, S1, 18–24.07.2013. cording to Pape and Beuk [2013] and Kjærandsen et al. Distribution. Altai and Ural [Väisänen, 1984; Zaitzev, [2007a]. In the text it is given without taking into account 1994]. new information of this paper. Mycomya britteni Kidd, 1955 Material. 1#, S1, 27–30.07.2013. The list of species Distribution. Europe: Great Britain, Finland, Moscow Area in Russia [Zaitzev, 1994]. Bolitophilidae Bolitophila rossica Landrock, 1912 Mycomya cinerascens (Macquart, 1826) Material. 2$$, S1, 27–30.07.2013. Material. 1#, S1, 27–30.07.2013. Distribution. Palaearctic, widely distributed. Distribution. Holarctic, widely distributed [Väisänen, 1984]. Diadocidiidae Diadocidia ferruginosa (Meigen, 1830) Mycomya disa Väisänen, 1984 Material. 1#, S2, 25.06–19.07.2014. Material. 3##, S2, 25.06–19.07.2014. Distribution. Holarctic, widely distributed [Laštovka, Distribution. Europe, widely distributed. Matile, 1972]. Mycomya festivalis Väisänen, 1984 Keroplatidae Material. 3##, S2, 25.06–19.07.2014. Keroplatinae Distribution. Palaearctic: Scandinavia, North-European Orfeliini Russia and Yakutia [Blagoderov, 1992]. *Urytalpa galdes Hedmark et Kjærandsen, 2009 Mycomya griseovittata (Zetterstedt, 1852) Material. 2##, 3$$, S1, 27–30.07.2013. Distribution. Europe: northern Sweden and Finland Material. 1#, S2, 25.06–19.07.2014. [Kjærandsen et al., 2009; Jakovlev et al., 2014b]. Distribution. Holarctic, widely distributed [Väisänen, 1984]. Remarks. Females were not previously known, but in Mycomya maculata (Meigen, 1804) this case can be safely associated with males. Description. Female. Head dark brown with yellowish Material. 1#, S1, 18–24.07.2013; 2##, S1, 27– palpi and mouth parts. Antenna dark brown with basal part 30.07.2013. of first flagellomere pale. Sixth flagellomere 1.30–1.32 as long Distribution. Holarctic, widely distributed [Väisänen, as wide. 1984]. Fungus gnats of the lower course of Anadyr river 121 Mycomya nitida (Zetterstedt, 1852) Material. 1#, S2, 25.06–19.07.2014. Distribution. Holarctic, widely distributed [Väisänen, 1984]. Mycomya sigma Johansen, 1910 Material. 1#, S1, 27–30.07.2013. Distribution.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • R. P. LANE (Department of Entomology), British Museum (Natural History), London SW7 the Diptera of Lundy Have Been Poorly Studied in the Past
    Swallow 3 Spotted Flytcatcher 28 *Jackdaw I Pied Flycatcher 5 Blue Tit I Dunnock 2 Wren 2 Meadow Pipit 10 Song Thrush 7 Pied Wagtail 4 Redwing 4 Woodchat Shrike 1 Blackbird 60 Red-backed Shrike 1 Stonechat 2 Starling 15 Redstart 7 Greenfinch 5 Black Redstart I Goldfinch 1 Robin I9 Linnet 8 Grasshopper Warbler 2 Chaffinch 47 Reed Warbler 1 House Sparrow 16 Sedge Warbler 14 *Jackdaw is new to the Lundy ringing list. RECOVERIES OF RINGED BIRDS Guillemot GM I9384 ringed 5.6.67 adult found dead Eastbourne 4.12.76. Guillemot GP 95566 ringed 29.6.73 pullus found dead Woolacombe, Devon 8.6.77 Starling XA 92903 ringed 20.8.76 found dead Werl, West Holtun, West Germany 7.10.77 Willow Warbler 836473 ringed 14.4.77 controlled Portland, Dorset 19.8.77 Linnet KC09559 ringed 20.9.76 controlled St Agnes, Scilly 20.4.77 RINGED STRANGERS ON LUNDY Manx Shearwater F.S 92490 ringed 4.9.74 pullus Skokholm, dead Lundy s. Light 13.5.77 Blackbird 3250.062 ringed 8.9.75 FG Eksel, Belgium, dead Lundy 16.1.77 Willow Warbler 993.086 ringed 19.4.76 adult Calf of Man controlled Lundy 6.4.77 THE DIPTERA (TWO-WINGED FLffiS) OF LUNDY ISLAND R. P. LANE (Department of Entomology), British Museum (Natural History), London SW7 The Diptera of Lundy have been poorly studied in the past. Therefore, it is hoped that the production of an annotated checklist, giving an indication of the habits and general distribution of the species recorded will encourage other entomologists to take an interest in the Diptera of Lundy.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Noteworthy Findings of Fungus Gnats from Finland and Northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Taxonomic paper Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae) Jevgeni Jakovlev†, Jukka Salmela ‡,§, Alexei Polevoi|, Jouni Penttinen ¶, Noora-Annukka Vartija# † Finnish Environment Insitutute, Helsinki, Finland ‡ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Rovaniemi, Finland § Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ¶ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Jyväskylä, Finland # Toivakka, Myllyntie, Finland Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 10 Feb 2014 | Accepted: 01 Apr 2014 | Published: 02 Apr 2014 Citation: Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Polevoi A, Penttinen J, Vartija N (2014) Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Abstract New faunistic data on fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excluding Sciaridae) from Finland and NW Russia (Karelia and Murmansk Region) are presented. A total of 64 and 34 species are reported for the first time form Finland and Russian Karelia, respectively. Nine of the species are also new for the European fauna: Mycomya shewelli Väisänen, 1984,M. thula Väisänen, 1984, Acnemia trifida Zaitzev, 1982, Coelosia gracilis Johannsen, 1912, Orfelia krivosheinae Zaitzev, 1994, Mycetophila biformis Maximova, 2002, M. monstera Maximova, 2002, M. uschaica Subbotina & Maximova, 2011 and Trichonta palustris Maximova, 2002. Keywords Sciaroidea, Fennoscandia, faunistics © Jakovlev J et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaise-Hyönteispyynti Lapin Suojelualueilla 2012–2014
    Jukka Salmela, Stefan Siivonen, Patrycja Dominiak, Antti Haarto, Kai Heller, Juhani Kanervo, Petri Martikainen, Matti Mäkilä, Lauri Paasivirta, Aki Rinne, Juha Salokannel, Guy Söderman ja Pekka Vilkamaa Malaise-hyönteispyynti Lapin suojelualueilla 2012–2014 Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja A 221 Jukka Salmela, Metsähallitus, Lapin luontopalvelut, jukka.salmela(at)metsa.fi Stefan Siivonen, Metsähallitus, Lapin luontopalvelut, stefan.siivonen(at)metsa.fi Patrycja Dominiak, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdansk, heliocopris(at)gmail.com Antti Haarto, Mietoinen, ahaarto(at)gmail.com Kai Heller, Quickborn, kaiheller(at)gmx.de Juhani Kanervo, Turku, jussi.kanervo(at)luukku.com Petri Martikainen, Juva, petri.martikainen(at)uef.fi Matti Mäkilä, Rovaniemi, makila.entomology(at)gmail.com Lauri Paasivirta, Salo, lauri.paasivirta(at)suomi24.fi Aki Rinne, Helsinki, aki.rinne(at)pintakasittelytekniikka.fi Juha Salokannel, Tampere, juha.salokannel(at)gmail.com Guy Söderman, Helsinki, guy.soderman(at)pp.inet.fi Pekka Vilkamaa, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsingin yliopisto, pekka.vilkamaa(at)helsinki.fi Kansikuva: Malaise-pyydys Pallas–Yllästunturin kansallispuiston Röyninkurussa 2013. Lähteisten latvapurojen varret, varsinkin sellaiset joita ympäröi luonnontilainen havu- metsä, ovat monimuotoisia elinympäristöjä. Tältä paikalta havaittiin mm. Euroopalle uusi sienissääskilaji Mycetophila monstera, erittäin harvinainen pikkuvaaksiainen ou- taruskokirsikäs (Limonia messaurea) ja pohjoinen surviaissääski
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, the Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae
    Zootaxa 2318: 450–506 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of Sardinia, with description of six new species* PETER J. CHANDLER 606B Berryfield Lane, Melksham, Wilts SN12 6EL, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] *In: Cerretti, P., Mason, F., Minelli, A., Nardi, G. & Whitmore, D. (Eds), Research on the Terrestrial Arthropods of Sardinia (Italy). Zootaxa, 2318, 1–602. Table of contents Abstract . .450 Introduction . .451 Study area . .452 Material and methods . .452 Abbreviations . .453 Sampling sites . .454 Faunistic list . .456 Bolitophilidae . .456 Keroplatidae, Keroplatinae, Keroplatini . .456 Orfeliini . .457 Macrocerinae . .462 Mycetophilidae, Gnoristinae . .465 Leiinae . .469 Mycetophilinae, Exechiini . .472 Mycetophilini . .480 Mycomyinae . .492 Sciophilinae . .495 Discussion . .500 Acknowledgements . .501 References . .502 Abstract The fungus gnat fauna of Sardinia is reviewed and data presented for all species recorded. Altogether one species of Bolitophilidae, 16 species of Keroplatidae and 105 species of Mycetophilidae are recognised as occurring in Sardinia. As the bolitophilid and two of the mycetophilid species are represented only by females and are not determined to species level, the total confirmed Sardinian list stands at 119 species. Four species of Keroplatidae and 19 species of Mycetophilidae are new to the total Italian fauna, whereas three species of Keroplatidae and 32 species of Mycetophilidae are newly recorded for the island of Sardinia. Six species are described as new to science: two Keroplatidae (Urytalpa juliae sp. nov., Macrocera nuragica sp. nov.) and four Mycetophilidae (Boletina ichnusa sp. nov., Trichonta sandalyon sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Mycetophiliformia)
    © Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 14 May 2008 On the family Keroplatidae in Norway (Diptera, Mycetophiliformia) Eirik Rindal, Øivind Gammelmo & Geir Søli Rindal, E., Gammelmo, Ø. & Søli, G. On the family Keroplatidae in Norway (Diptera, Mycetophiliformia). Norw. J. Entomol. 55, 81––85.85. Our knowledge about the Norwegian fauna of Keroplatidae has improved considerably during the last 15 years. With the present addition of 9 species, 38 species belonging to the family Keroplatidae have been recorded from Norway. A complete check list is presented together with detailed information for the nine new species. Key words: Diptera, Mycetophiliformia, Keroplatidae, check list, Norway. Eirik Rindal, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, N0-0318 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Øivind Gammelmo, BioFokus, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Geir Søli, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, N0-0318 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The first two Norwegian records are those by Zetterstedt (1848). In “Enumeratio Insectorum Members of the family Keroplatidae are among the Norwegicum” Siebke (1877) listed 6 species larger and most conspicuous Mycetophiliformia altogether. Today this number is increased to 38. (systematics following Amorim & Rindal (2007)). The present paper is the first resent attempt to The family has a worldwide distribution, with of present a complete list of Norwegian Keroplatidae. 952 species belonging to 86 genera (Evenhuis More species are likely to be added in the future. 2006). In Europe the family is represented with 111 species in 16 genera (Chandler 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
    Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycota Associated with Arthropods from Bat Hibernacula in Eastern Canada, with Particular Reference to Pseudogymnoascus Destructans
    insects Article Ectomycota Associated with Arthropods from Bat Hibernacula in Eastern Canada, with Particular Reference to Pseudogymnoascus destructans Karen J. Vanderwolf 1,2,*, David Malloch 1 and Donald F. McAlpine 1 1 New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Ave, Saint John E2K 1E5, NB, Canada; [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (D.F.M.) 2 Canadian Wildlife Federation, 350 Promenade Michael Cowpland Drive, Kanata K2M 2G4, ON, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-608-270-2394 Academic Editor: Drion G. Boucias Received: 12 February 2016; Accepted: 14 April 2016; Published: 22 April 2016 Abstract: The introduction of Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) to North America, agent of white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats, has increased interest in fungi from underground habitats. While bats are assumed to be the main vector transmitting Pd cave-to-cave, the role of other fauna is unexplored. We documented the fungi associated with over-wintering arthropods in Pd-positive hibernacula, including sites where bats had been recently extirpated or near-extirpated, to determine if arthropods carried Pd, and to compare fungal assemblages on arthropods to bats. We isolated 87 fungal taxa in 64 genera from arthropods. Viable Pd was cultured from 15.3% of arthropods, most frequently from harvestmen (Nelima elegans). Fungal assemblages on arthropods were similar to those on bats. The different fungal assemblages documented among arthropods may be due to divergent patterns of movement, aggregation, feeding, or other factors. While it is unlikely that arthropods play a major role in the transmission dynamics of Pd, we demonstrate that arthropods may carry viable Pd spores and therefore have the potential to transport Pd, either naturally or anthropogenically, within or among hibernacula.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene-Rich X Chromosomes Implicate Intragenomic Conflict in the Evolution of Bizarre Genetic Systems
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.04.325340; this version posted October 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Gene-rich X chromosomes implicate intragenomic conflict in the evolution of bizarre genetic systems Noelle Anderson1, Kamil S. Jaron2, Christina N. Hodson2, Matthew B. Couger3, Jan Ševčík4, Stacy Pirro5, Laura Ross2 and Scott William Roy1,6 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343 2Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL 3Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Boston MA 02115 4Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic 5Iridian Genomes, Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA 6Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94117 Abstract Haplodiploidy and paternal genome elimination (HD/PGE) are common in animals, having evolved at least two dozen times. HD/PGE typically evolves from male heterogamety (i.e., systems with X chromosomes), however why X chromosomes are important for the evolution of HD/PGE remains debated. The Haploid Viability Hypothesis argues that X chromosomes promote the evolution of male haploidy by facilitating purging recessive deleterious mutations. The Intragenomic Conflict Hypothesis instead argues that X chromosomes promote the evolution of male haploidy due to conflicts with autosomes over sex ratios and transmission. To test these hypotheses, we studied lineages that combine germline PGE with XX/X0 sex determination (gPGE+X systems).
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera; Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae)
    Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera; Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae) GEIR E. E. SBLI Snli, G. E. E. 1994. Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera: Diadocidi- idae and Mycetophilidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B 41: 1-12. During a study of terrestrial invertebrates in Jostedalen in 1988, more than 3.000 specimens of fungus gnats were caught. 214 species were recognized, belonging to the families Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae. The number of species in Jostedalen is exceptionally high when compared to number of species recorded from other local areas in Europe. The genus Drepanocercus (Vockeroth, 1980) is recorded for the first time from the Palaearctic region. Other rare species are Mycomya simulans Vaisanen, 1984, Acnemia falcata Zaitzev, 1982, Zygom.via pseudohumeralis Caspers, 1980, Anatella aquila Zaitsev, 1989. A. fungina Plassmann, 1984, Exechia subfrigida Las- tovka & Matila, 1974. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis Chandler. 1977 and E. pseudopul- chella (Lundstrom, 1909). Twenty species could not be identified, half of which undoubtly represent undescribed species. The fauna of Norwegian fungus gnats is poorly documented, and most species recorded here are new to Norway. According to the present knowledge on the distribution of fungus gnats, the fauna in Jostedalen seems to have an affinity to the central/eastern Palaearctic fauna, and has more species in common with the Finnish fauna than with the British. Geir E. E. Snli, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Musiplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. INTRODUCTION The river Jostedola has its origin in the gla- dae, Sciardae and Mycetophilidae. Fungus cier Jostedalsbreen, the largest ice cap on the gnats are distributed all over the world, but European mainland, and runs through the their taxonomy, biology and biogeography valley Jostedalen.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information for Evolution of Gene-Rich Germline Restricted
    1 Supplementary Information for Evolution of gene-rich germline restricted 2 chromosomes in black-winged fungus gnats through introgression (Diptera: 3 Sciaridae) 4 Christina N. Hodson, Kamil S. Jaron, Susan Gerbi, Laura Ross 5 6 Supplementary Text 1: Detailed description of the chromosome inheritance system in 7 Bradysia coprophila. 8 9 The chromosome system in B. coprophila, and in sciarids generally, is unique in 10 several ways including chromosome transmission patterns, sex determination, and the 11 presence of GRCs (see Fig 1 for transmission patterns). All sciarids studied to date have a 12 system of reproduction known as paternal genome elimination, where males only transmit 13 maternally inherited chromosomes to offspring [1,2]. Paternal genome elimination has 14 evolved independently in at least seven arthropod lineages, including the related gall gnat 15 family Cecidomyiidae [3]. In all species with paternal genome elimination, meiosis occurs in 16 a Mendelian manner in females, but in males meiosis is aberrant. In male meiosis in 17 sciarids, there is a monopolar spindle in meiosis I. Maternally inherited chromosomes move 18 towards the monopolar spindle, while paternally derived chromosomes move away from it 19 and are discarded in a bud of cytoplasm [2]. Thus, only the maternal complement of 20 chromosomes is transmitted to the sperm. This phenomenon in B. coprophila was the first 21 example of “imprinting”, to our knowledge, by which the cell recognizes the maternal or 22 paternal origin of a chromosome [4]. Interestingly, the GRCs always segregate with the 23 maternal set of chromosomes. Therefore, all of the GRCs (typically two in B.
    [Show full text]
  • Kjaerandsen Sciaroidea WIP.Pdf
    Species recognition trade-off between structural wing colours and terminalia in fungus gnats ? J. Kjaerandsen Museum of Zoology Lund University Sweden Structural colours in flies Reflective scales in Diptera – Mosquitoes: Toxorhynchites manicatus (Japan) Reflective body scales in fungus gnats – only in the genus Allactoneura ? Hymenoptera: Eulophidae PhD student Ekaterina Shevtsova Wings imbedded in a medium or studied on a white background will not display their structural colours Slide with wings embedded in Canada balsam Dry specimens studied on a pure white background Mycetophilidae: Rymosia fasciata Keroplatidae: Proceroplatus scalprifera WIPs — Wing Interference Patterns i for interference Bolitophila occlusa Hybotidae: Ocydromia glabricula Cordyla sp. (California) Exechia nugatoria Photo: “Klaas” at Diptera.info, 2008 (= nigroscutellata) (California) Photos: Peter Kerr, 2008 My photo of the same species’ WIP Photos of structural wing colours on internet WIPs — Wing Interference Patterns i for interference • — Genetics of pigment patterns • — Thin Film Interference • — Newton Scale Metering • — Exechiini • — Lygistorrhinidae • — Keroplatidae • — The trade-off Pigmentation in brown, yellow and black: Spatiotemporally regulated by yellow and ebony MELANINS Leia Proceroplatus (Japan) (New Caledonia) Scientists unlock mystery of animal colour patterns Genetic April 22 control of pigment 2010 patterns T. Werner, S. Koshikawa, T. M. Williams, S. B. Carroll, Nature 464, 1143 (2010) Pigments are only a part of the ”mystery of wing colour
    [Show full text]