Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera; Diadocidiidae and )

GEIR E. E. SBLI

Snli, G. E. E. 1994. Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera: Diadocidi- idae and Mycetophilidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B 41: 1-12.

During a study of terrestrial invertebrates in Jostedalen in 1988, more than 3.000 specimens of fungus gnats were caught. 214 species were recognized, belonging to the families Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae. The number of species in Jostedalen is exceptionally high when compared to number of species recorded from other local areas in Europe. The genus Drepanocercus (Vockeroth, 1980) is recorded for the first time from the Palaearctic region. Other rare species are Mycomya simulans Vaisanen, 1984, Acnemia falcata Zaitzev, 1982, Zygom.via pseudohumeralis Caspers, 1980, Anatella aquila Zaitsev, 1989. A. fungina Plassmann, 1984, Exechia subfrigida Las- tovka & Matila, 1974. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis Chandler. 1977 and E. pseudopul- chella (Lundstrom, 1909). Twenty species could not be identified, half of which undoubtly represent undescribed species. The fauna of Norwegian fungus gnats is poorly documented, and most species recorded here are new to Norway. According to the present knowledge on the distribution of fungus gnats, the fauna in Jostedalen seems to have an affinity to the central/eastern Palaearctic fauna, and has more species in common with the Finnish fauna than with the British.

Geir E. E. Snli, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Musiplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.

INTRODUCTION The river Jostedola has its origin in the gla- dae, Sciardae and Mycetophilidae. Fungus cier Jostedalsbreen, the largest ice cap on the gnats are distributed all over the world, but European mainland, and runs through the their , biology and biogeography valley Jostedalen. Since the late 1970's the are only superficially known. In Europe, the river and its tributaries have been used for fauna of fungus gnats has been well documen- production of hydroelectric power, and a re- ted from England, France, Germany, Finland servoir has been built at the lake Styggevatn. and from some regions in the former USSR. As a consequence of these rather pronounced However, only a restricted number of fauna1 human impacts on the watercourse and parts lists from definite locations has been publish- of the precipitation area, a series of documen- ed, most of them from The British Isles and tation programs on the flora and fauna has Germany. been accomplished. In early 1988 a project The first and only survey dealing with dealing with the distribution of invertebrates Norwegian fungus gnats in details is that by was initiated. The field work was carried out Siebke (1877). Siebke listed 67 species which the same year. Three groups of invertebrates can be referred to Mycetophilidae, but the were selected: soil mites, caddis and fun- validity of these records can only be stated by ? gus gnats, with emphasize on the former. The a thoroughly examination of Siebke's mate- caddis fauna is outlined by Andersen et al. rial. In the period from 1877 to 1940 only a (1 990), and the present work deals with the few scattered records were published (for re- families Diadocidiidae and My- ferences, see Soot-Ryen 1943). More re- cetophilidae. cently some Norwegian records have been Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae make published in systematical revisions (Hack- up two of seven families in the superfamily man 1970, 1971; GagnC 1981; Vaisanen , viz. , Diadocidiidae, 1984). , Bolitophilidae, Lygistorrhini- STUDY AREA Byastrondi constitutes the main sampling area, and is situated at the eastern rim of a The valley Jostedalen, is situated in West huge flood plain, Fibergst~lsgrandane.A Norway (between 6 1" 15' and 6 1"45'NF, and rather undisturbed birch forest (Befula pu- between 7"10' and 7"201E), and stretches bescens) is stretching from the flood plain from Gaupnefjorden, a branch of Lustra- and about 200 meters up the valley side. The fjorden in the inner Sognefjorden, to about forest has a rich and diverse undergrowth, 60 km northwards along the eastern part of mainly ferns and perennial herbs. the huge glacier Jostedalsbreen (Fig. 1). The Additional samples were obtained from ice cap of this glacier and its satellites covers locatities at different altitudes along the val- an area of about 800 sq.km. The river Joste- ley, and from one side valley, Geisdalen dsla runs through the valley, and wide flood (Tab. 1). In addition to Byastrondi, Sprong- plains are forming terraces, separated by rat- dalen-Loc. 1 was situated in birch forest. her steep slopes. The valley, thus covers alti- Three other localities, Sprongdalen-Loc. 2 & tudes from sea level up to 1150 meters. For 3 and Geisdalen-Loc. 2, were situated above further details concerning the study area, see the timber line, in oligotrophic alpine heaths. Andersen et al. (1990). The remaining localities were all situated in mixed forests.

Fig. I. The glacier Joste- dalsbreen and the valley Jostedalen in Luster, West Norway, showing the position of the locali- ties. The localities are l) Marheimgilet, 2) Fossen, 3) Nigard, 3) Buhaug, 5) Flbergstolen, 6)0y- astrondi, 7-9 Sprong- dalen and I011) Geist- dalen. (See also Tab. I .) Table 1. Localities in Jostedalen, West Norway, visited during the survey. All localities are situated in the municipality of Luster, EIS-square no. 60.

Locality UTMref. M.a.s.1. Method

l Marheimgilet, Gaupne 32VMP092063 30 Nst 2 Fossen 32VMP0824 100 Net 3 32VMP0837 250 Ligth trap 4 :l.K::g 32VMP106401 360 Net 5 Fabergsmlen 32VMP1343 520 Net 6 Ovastrondi 32VMP139448 560 Malaiselnet ~prongdalen 7 Loc.1 Net 8 Loc.2 Net 9 L0c.3 Ligth trap Geisdalen 10 Loc.1 Net 11 Loc.2 Net

MATERIAL AND METHODS the collection of the Museum of Zoology, The material comprises about 3.000 speci- Bergen. men, collected in malaise traps, light traps Where nothing else is stated, information and with sweep nets. The malaisetrap at on distribution is taken from Soos & Papp 0yastrondi was operated from June 24 to (1988). September 13 1988. The trap was filled with a mixture of 50% alcohol and 50% ethylen- glycol, and emptied at irregular intervals. RESULTS The samples have been united to cover three The material comprises 214 species belon- collecting periods: June 24 to July 12, July ging to the families Diadocidiidae and Myce- 12 to August 17 and August 17 to September tophilidae. Emphasize has been put on the 13. Light traps were used at two locatiies identification of males, as very few females (Nigard and Sprongdalen-Loc. 3), during a have been satisfactorily described. Twenty short period in September. Sweep nets were species were not identified, and more thor- used extensively at 0yastrondi and at most oughly examinations are needed to clearify other localities (See Tab. 1). Except for some their taxonomical position. However, more slide mounted specimens, the material is sto- than half of them do probably represent un- red in 70% alcohol. All specimens are kept in described species.

Table 2. Number of species of fungus gnats from different countries and locations in Europe. No refers to number of species in Sciaroidea, excl. ; No* refers to number of species in Mycetophilidae.

Country, location No NO* References flNLAND: TOTAL.- Hackman 1980; Vaisanen 1984 ENGLAND: Cambridgeshire. Monks Wood Cole B Chandler 1979 Kent. Blean Wwds Russel-Smith 1979 TOTAL: Chandler. pers.com. GERMANY: Allgau Plassmann 1978b, 1980b Bayern Plassmann 8 Plachter 1986 Breitenbach Caspers 1987 Mornauer Mwses Plassmann 1982 Mellum and Memmert Plassmann 1988 Thiiringens Plassmann 8 Joost 1986 AUSTRIA: Lunz Caspers 1984 RUSSIA: Moscow Province Sakharova 19n SWEDEN: Messaure Plassmann 197~3,1979. 1980a W LE N: Nida-valley Mikolajczyk 1967 SPECIES LIST 6 6 69Q ; Geisdalen (Loc. 1) 24 June 26 6 The species are listed according to Sobs & 299. Papp (1 988). As all specimens were collected M. shermani Garrett, 1924 during 1988 only dates are listed. Fabergstfllene 17 Aug. l6 490; 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 246 6 19, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 10266 60 Q; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 17 Family DIADOCIDIIDAE Aug. 766 19; Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 (D.) ferruginosa (Meigen, 1830) Sept. lb. Fossen 24 June 16; 0yastrondi 24 June-12 M. simulans Vaisanen, 1984 July 560 59 9, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 56 6 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. 399. M. trivittata (Zetterstedt- 1838) D. (D.) spinosula Tollet, 1948 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 300, 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 16, 12 July-17 -13 Sept. 266; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 17 Aug. 16, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. Aug. lb. D. (Adidocidia) valida Mik. 1874 M. tumida (Winnertz, 1863) 0yastrondi 24 June -12 July 10, 17 Aug. Marheimgilet 22 June 266; Buhaug 23 -13 Sept. 266 299. June l6 29 9 ; Fabergstfllen 23 June 266 ; gyastrondi 24 June-12 July 1166 399, 17 Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Aug. -13 Sept. 366; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) Subfamily 23 June 260 ; Geisdalen (Loc. 1) 24 June Mycomya annulata (Meigen, 1818) l6 1Q. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 366, 17 Aug. M. vittiventris (Zetterstedt, 1852) -13 Sept. 5266 299. Fabergstfllene 17 Aug. l6 1Q; 0yastrondi M. bicolor (Dziedzicki, 1885) 12 July-17 Aug. 2206, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. lb. 18166. M. cinerascens (Macquart, 1826) M. wankowiczii (Dziedzicki, 1885) 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 16, 17 Aug. Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 16; 0yastrondi 12 July- -13 Sept. lb. 17 Aug. 366, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 766. M. denmax Vaisanen, 1979 M. winnertzi (Dziedzicki, 1885) 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 560. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 16; M. disa Vaisanen, 1984 M. sp. (cf. tamerlani Vaisanen, 1984) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 366. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. M. egregia (Dziedzicki, 1885) Neoempheria pictipennis (Haliday, 1833) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 16, 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. -13 Sept. lb. (Meigen, 1818) M. fasciata (Zetterstedt, 1838) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 560, 12 July- Marheimgilet 22 June 16; Fibergstfllen 23 17 Aug. 2666, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 6066. June 16; 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 76 6 A. falcata Zaitzev, 1982 299, 12 July-17 Aug. 16. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 20 6 d. 17 M. hack~clniVaisanen, 1984 Aug. -13 Sept. 2666. Geisdalen (Loc. 1) 24 June l6 19. Allocotocera pulchella (Curtis, 1837) M. lambi Edwards, 1941 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. lb. Fabergstfllene 17 Aug. Id; 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 460. Monoclona rufilatera (Walker, 1837) M. maculata (Meigen, 1804) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 76d. 12 July- Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 17 Aug. l6 19. 17 Aug. 19, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. l6 299. M. neohyalinata Vaisanen, 1984 Neuratelia nemoralis (Meigen, 1818) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 26 0 ; Geis- Fossen 24 June 16. dalen (Loc. 1) 24 June 10. N. sp. M. nigricornis (Zetterstedt, 1852) Marheimgilet 22 June 10 299. Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. lb. Paratinia sciarina Mik, 1874 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 266 19. M. nitida (Zetterstedt, 1852) Phthinia humilis Winnertz, 1863 Buhaug 23 June l0 299; Fabergstdlen 23 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 706, 17 Aug. June l6 20 Q; 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July -13 Sept. 366. 366 499; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 June 12 Polylepta borealis Lundstrom, 1912 Fossen 24 June ld; Oyastrondi 24 June-12 B. groenlandica Staeger, 1845 July 3d d ; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 June Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 306. l d ; Geisdalen (Loc. 1) 24 June 20d. B. lundstroemi Landrock, 1912 P. guttiventris (Zetterstedt, 1852) Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July ld; Geisdalen B. moravica Landrock, 1912 (Loc. 1) 24 June lb. Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July lb. Sciophila fenestella Curtis, 1837 B. nasuta (Haliday, 1839) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 10, 12 July-17 Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 20d. Aug. 4dd. 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 366. B. nigricans Dziedzicki, 1885 S. nigronitida Landrock, 1925 Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id. Fibergstolene 17.08, lb. B. nigrofusca Dziedzicki, 1885 Syntemna hungarica (Lundstrom, 1912) Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 10; Sprong- Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 40d 10, 17 dalen (Loc. 1) 17 Aug. lb. Aug. -13 Sept. 19. B. pectinunguis Edwards, 1932 S. relicta (Lundstrom, 1912) Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. Id. Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. B. plana (Walker, 1856) -13 Sept. 266. Marheimgilet 22 June 10; Oyastrondi 24 S. sp. (cf. nitidula Edwards, 1925) June-12 July 26d; 12 July-17 Aug. 220 d Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 266. 399; 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 21dd 1799; Geis- Apolephthisa subincana (Curtis, 1837) dalen (Loc. 2) 24. 06. lb. 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 46d 299, 12 B. sciarina Staeger, 1840 July-17 Aug. 19. Nigard 08.-13 Sept. 10. Boletina basalis (Meigen, 1818) B. trivittata (Meigen, 1818) Marheimgilet 22 June 66 d ; Fossen 24 Buhaug 23 June 2d d ; Fibergstolen 23 June 2d 0; Buhaug 23 June 36d 999; June 46d 19; Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 8200 99Q; 12 8dd 299; 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 2dd; Spl.ong- July-17 Aug. Id 39 9; 17 Aug. -13 Sept. dalen (Loc. 2) 23 June 3dd 299. 70d ; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 June 19; B. sp. (cf. maculata Holmgren, 1870) Sprongdalen (Loc. 2) 23 June 26 d ; Sprongdalen (Loc. 2) 23 June lb. Geisdalen (Loc. 1) 24 June Id 19. Coelosia tenella (Zetterstedt, 1852) B. borealis Zetterstedt, 1852 Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 500. Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July lb. Drepanocercus spinistylus Soli, 1993 B. brevicornis Zetterstedt, 1852 Oyastrondi 24 ~une-l2July Id. Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 2d 0; Geis- Dziedzickia marginata (Dziedzicki, 1885) dalen (Loc. 2) 24 June Id Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 500, 17 Aug. B. cincticornis (Walker, 1848) -13 Sept. 4dd. FBbergstBlen 23 June l0; Oyastrondi 24 Gnoriste bilineata Zetterstedt, 1852 June-l2 July 36d 599; Sprongdalen (Loc. Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 26d. 1) 23 June 76d; Sprongdalen (Loc. 2) 23 G. harcyniae von Roder, 1887 June 20d d 39 Q; Geisdalen (Loc. 1) 24 Marheimgilet 22 June lb. June 10; Geisdalen (Loc. 2) 24 June 76 d Grzegorzekia collaris (Meigen, 1818) 3QQ. Oyastrondi 24 June-l2 July 2d 0, 12 July- B. dubia (Meigen, 1804) 17 Aug. lb. Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. ld 29Q-; Palaeodocosia janickii (Dziedzicki, 1923) Sprongdalen (Loc. 2) 23 June 2dd. Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. B. edwardsi Chandler, 1992 (New name for B. -13 Sept. 2d d. brevicornis sensu Edwards; nec Zetterstedt.) Synapha vitripennis (Meigen, 1818) 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 26d. B. gripha Dziedzicki, 1885 Ectrepesthoneura hirta (Winnertz, 1846) Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 100 d ; Oyastrondi 24 June-l2 July Id 19, 12 July Sprongdalen (Loc. 2) 23 June 276 d 799; -17 Aug. 19. Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 20 d ; Leia subfasciata (Meigen, 18 18) Geis-dalen (Loc. 1) 24 June Id 29 9 ; Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 500; Buhaug Geisdalen (Loc. 2) 24 June 13d d 11099. 23 June 2d d 19. Subfamily M. signatoides Dziedzicki, 1884 Dynatosoma fuscicorne (Meigen, 1818) (ayastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. id. (dyastrondi 24 June-12 July 200. M. strigatoides (Landrock, 1927) D. reciprocum (Walker, 1848) ayastrondi 12 July-l7 Aug. 2dd. Buhaug 23 June ld; (dyastrondi 12 July-l7 M. sumavica (Lastovka, 1963) Aug. 260 10, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 10. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 500. D. thoracicum (Zetterstedt, 1838) M. vittipes Zetterstedt, 1852 0yastrondi 24 June-l2 July lb. Buhaug 23 June l0; 0yastrondi 17 Aug. Epicypta aterrima (Zetterstedt, 1852) -13 Sept. Id; Geisdalen (Lee. l)24 June Id. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. lb. Phronia austriaca Winnertz, 1863 Mycetophila abbreviata Landrock, 1914 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 3dd. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 266, 17 Aug. P. aviculata Lundstrom, 1914 -13 Sept. 300. (dyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 5dd. M. bialorussica Dziedzicki, 1884 P. biarcuata (Becker, 1908) 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. lb. 17 Aug. M. confluens Dziedzicki, 1884 -13 Sept. 40d. Fossen 24 June 36d. P. braueri Dziedzicki, 1889 M. czizeki Landrock, 191 1 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. Id. oyastrondi 24 June-l2 July 2d d. P. caliginosa Dziedzicki, 1889 M. evanida Lastovka, 1972 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 260. Fossen 24 June 206 0 ; Nigard 8.-13 Sept. P. cinerascens Winnertz, 1863 800; Oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 200, 12 Fabergstelene 17 Aug. l0; 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 230 0, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. July-17 Aug. lb. 6dd ; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 17 Aug. l0; P. egregia Dziedzicki, 1889 Sprongdalen (Loc. 2) 23 June 26 d ; 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 2dd. Sprong-dalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 20 d. P. exigua (Zetterstedt, 1852) M. fungorum (De Geer, 1776) Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. Id. Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 3466 7190; Buhaug 23 P. flavicollis Winnertz, 1863 June 19; 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 90 d Marheimgilet 22 June 10; 0yastrondi 12 899, 12 July-17 Aug. 18dd, 17 Aug. -13 July-17 Aug.3dd.17 Aug. -13 Sept. 3 dd. Sept. 5666 7999; Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.- P. flavipes Winnertz, 1863 12 Sept. 146 0 1990. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 13dd; Sprong- M. ichneumonea Say, 1823 dalen (Loc. 1) 23 June 10; Sprongdalen Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 10; 0yastrondi 12 July- (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 20d. 17 Aug. lb. P. forcipata Winnertz, 1863 M. marginata Winnertz, 1863 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 260, 17 Aug. Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 June 300; Geis- -13 Sept. 300. dalen (Loc. 1) 24 June lb. P. humeralis Winnertz, 1863 M. mohilivensis Dziedzicki, 1884 Marheimgilet 22 June 136 6 ; (dyastrondi Fossen 24 June 20 0; 0yastrondi 17 Aug. 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 10; Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) -13 Sept. 10; Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 8.-12 Sept. lb. Sept. lb. P. interstincta Dziedzicki, 1889 M. ocellus Walker, 1848 oyastrondi 24 June-12 July 2dd, 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 306. -13 Sept. Id. M. ornata Stephens, 1829 P. longaelamellata Strobl, 1898 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. l0 499. 0yastrondi 24 June-l2 July Id. M. pumila Winnertz, 1863 P. lutescens Hackman, 1970 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 10, 12 July-17 -13 Sept. lb. Aug. 3dd, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 6dd. M. schnablii (Dziedzicki, 1884) P. nigricornis (Zetterstedt, 1852) 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id. Fossen 24 June 20d. M. semifusca Meigen, 1818 P. notata Dziedzicki, 1889 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 2d 0, 17 Aug. Marheimgilet 22 June Id. -13 Sept. 26d. P. obscura Dziedzicki, 1889 (ayastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. P. sp. (cf. murabilis Dziedzicki, 1889) Allodia (A.) anglofennica Edwards, 1921 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 366. Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 760. Scepronia fumipes Edwards, 1925 A. (A.) lugens (Wiedemann, 1817) 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 306 299. Fabergstglene 17 Aug. 600 ; 0yastrondi 12 S. fuscipalpis Edwards, 1925 July-17 Aug. 80 0, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 260 299. 15006 ; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 June l6; S. nigra (Meigen, 1804) Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 200. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 266 299. A. (A.) lundstroemi Edwards, 1921 Trichonta arricauda (Zetterstedt, 1852) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 16, 12 July-17 8 Buhaug 23 June 20 6 ; Fabergstolene 17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 1566; Sprong- Aug. lb. dalen (Loc. 2) 17 Aug. lb. T. bicolor Landrock, 1912 A. (A.) pyxidiiformis Zaitzev, 1983 gyastrondi 12 July-17.08 lb. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 1400; T. facilis Gagnt, 1981 Sprong-dalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. lb. Marheimgilet 22 June l6; 0yastrondi 24 A. (A.) seprenfrionalis Hackman, 1971 June-12 July 300, 12 July-17 Aug. 16, 17 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 200, 17 Aug. Aug. -13 Sept. lb. -13 Sept. 176 6 ; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 T. fissicauda (Zetterstedt, 1852) June lb. Byastrondi 12 July-17 Aug.10, 17 Aug. -13 A. (A.) truncata Edwards, 1921 Sept. 16; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 June lb. Byastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 700, 17 Aug. T. hamara Mik, 1880 -13 Sept. 290 d. Marheimgilet 22 June 600; Fossen 24 June A. (A.) sp. (cf. pyxidiiformis Zaitzev, 1983) l0; 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 16, 12 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 200. July-17 Aug. 560.17 Aug. -13 Sept. 46d. A. (Brachycampta) barbata T. melanura (Staeger, 1840) (Lundstrom, 1909) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July lb. 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July lb. T. submaculara (Staeger, 1840) Anarella aquila Zaitzev, 1989 Marheimgilet 22 June 16; Fossen 24 June 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. l l6d. Id; 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 66 0; A. ciliata Winnertz, 1863 Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. lb. 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 16, 12 July-17 T. terminalis (Walker, 1856) Aug. 3cT 6, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 366. Buhaug 23 June 10; Fabergstolen23 June lb. A. flavornaculara Edwards, 1925 T. rrivirtata Lundstrom, 1916 0yastrondi 24 June-l2 July 16, 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. -13 Sept. 1600. T. vulcani (Dziedzicki, 1889) A. fungina Plassmann, 1984 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 600, 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 260, 12 July- -13 Sept. 1100. 17 Aug.200 19, 17Aug. -13 Sept.3064~~. T. sp. A (cf. comis Gagnt, 1981) A. laffooni Plassmann, 1977 Byastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. lb. Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 300, 17 Aug. T. sp. B (cf. generosa Gagnt, 1981) -13 Sept. 950 0. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 300. A. lenis Dziedzicki, 1923 T. sp. C Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 16, 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 1100. -13 Sept. 366. Zygomyia pseudohumeralis Caspers, 1980 A. longiserosa Dziedzicki, 1923 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. lb. ayastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 206, 17 Aug. Z. notata (Stannius, 1831) -13 Sept. 3100. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. A. minura (Staeger, 1840) -13 Sept. lb. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 206, 17 Aug. Allodiopsis (A.) domestica (Meigen, 1830) -13 Sept. 280 d. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. A. setigera Edwards, 1921 -13 Sept. lb. Nigard 8.-13 Sept. lb. A. (Norolopha) crisrata (Staeger, 1840) A. simparica Dziedzicki, 1923 Fossen 24 June 19; 0yastrondi 24 June-12 0yastrondi 24 June-l2 July 16, 12 July-17 July 206 19. 12 July-17 Aug. 560. 17 Aug. 16, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 306. Aug. -13 Sept. 1500 399. A. turi Dziedzicki, 1923 C. semiflava (Staeger, 1840) gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. gyastrondi 24 June-12 July 10, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. Id. -13 Sept. Id. A. unguigera Edwards, 1921 Exechia cincta Winnertz, 1863 gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. lb. gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. A. sp. A E. confinis Winnertz, 1863 gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 200. A. sp. B E. contaminata Winnertz, 1863 gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 610 0. gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 500. A. sp. C E. cornuta Lundstrom, 1914 gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. gyastrondi 24 June-12 July Id. Brevicornu (B.) bipartitum E. exigua Lundstrom, 1909 Lastovka & Matile, 1974 gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 800, 17 Aug. gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id. -13 Sept. 9dd. B. (B.) boreale (Lundstrom, 1914) E. festiva Winnertz, 1863 Fabergstolen 23 June Id; gyastrondi 12 gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 3dd. July-17 Aug. 3d d. 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 3dd. E. frigida (Boheman, 1865) B. (B.) foliatum (Edwards, 1925) gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 30d d ; gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10, 17 Aug. Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 200. -13 Sept. 3d d. E. fusca (Meigen, 1804) B. (B.) griseicolle (Staeger, 1840) Fossen 24 June Id; Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 10; g~astrondi17 Aug. -13 Sept. 2d d. gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 245d d ; B. (B.) griseolum (Zetterstedt, 1852) Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 23 June 10; Sprong- Fabergstolen 23 June Id, 17 Aug. 3d d ; dalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. lb. gyastrondi 24 June-12 July 2d d, 12 July- E. maculipennis (Stannius, 1831) 17 Aug. 14d0. Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 19. B. (B.) kingi (Edwards, 1925) E. nigra Edwards, 1925 gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. gyastrondi 24 June-12 July Id, 12 July-17 -13 Sept. Id. Aug. lOdd, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 3200. B. (B.) rujicorne (Meigen, 1838) E. parvula (Zetterstedt. 1852) Fabergstolene 17 Aug. Id ; gyastrondi 24 gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. June-12 July Id, 12 July-17 Aug. 4d d, 17 E. pseudocincta Strobl, 1910 Aug. -13 Sept. 14d 0. gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id. B. (B.) sericoma (Meigen, 1830) E. spinuligera Lundstrom, 1912 Fabergstolene 17 Aug. l0; gyastrondi 12 gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 4d0. July-17 Aug. 12d d , 17 Aug. -13 Sept. E. subfrigida Lastovka & Matile, 1974 48d d ; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1) 17 Aug. Id; gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 2d0; Sprong- Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 9dd. dalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. lb. B. (B.) sp. A (cf. bellum (Johannsen, 1911)) E. unimaculata (Zetterstedt, 1860) gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 4d0. Fabergstolene 17 Aug. Id; gyastrondi 12 B. (B.) sp. B (cf. melanderi Zaitzev, 1988) July-17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 40d. gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 10. Exechiopsis (E.) clypeata (Lundstrom, 1911) B. (B.) sp. C Nigard 8.-13 Sept. Id; gyastrondi 12 July- Marheimgilet 22 June 2d d. 17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 300. Cordyla brevicornis (Staeger, 1840) E. (E.) distendens (Lackschewitz, 1937) gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 2d 0, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 4d 0. -13 Sept. 32dd 399. C. fissa Edwards, 1925 E. (E.) dryaspagensis Chandler, 1977 gyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. Id. gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 2db. C. fusca Meigen, 1804 E. (E.) fimbriata (Lundstrom, 1909) gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. gyastrondi 24 June-12 July 10, 12 July-17 -13 Sept. 2d0. Aug. 4dd, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. Id 29% C. pusilla Edwards, 1925 E. (E.) furcata (Lundstrom, 1911) gyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 20 d. 17 Aug. gyastrondi 17 Aug. - 13 Sept. 3d0 ; Sprong- -13 Sept. 3dd. dalen (Loc. 3) 8.-12 Sept. 3d0. E. (E.) grassatura (Plassrnann, 1978) R. placida Winnertz, 1863 Dyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 200 299, 17 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 400, 17 Aug. Aug. -13 Sept. 1066 699. -13 Sept. 10. E. (E.) indecisa (Walker, 1856) R. signatipes (van der Wulp, 1859) Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 560; 0yastrondi 12 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 10. J July-17 Aug. 19, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 266. R. sp. (cf. acta Dziedzicki, 1910 E. (E.) intersecta (Meigen, 1818) 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 16, 12 July Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 10; 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 266. -13 Sept. 500 19. Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 18 18) E. (E.) ligulata (Lundstrorn, 1913) Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 19; 0yastrondi 17 Aug. 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. l6 19, 17 -13 Sept. 806 19; Sprongdalen (Loc. 3) 8.- Aug. -13 Sept. 306 19, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 12 Sept. Id 499. 700 399. T. tarnanii (Dziedzicki, 1910) E. (E.) magnicauda (Lundstrorn, 1911) 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 50d 19. Dyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 200. E. (E.) pseudindecisa Lastovka & Matile, 1974 DISCUSSION 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. Id, 17 Aug. The species -13 Sept. 299. E. (E.) pseudopulchella (Lundstrorn, 1912) The world distribution of most species of 0yastrondi 24 June-12 July 10, 12 July-17 Mycetophilidae are only superficially known. Aug. 86d 59, 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 450 0 However, several of the species repcrted 1309. must be considered rare, as they have previo- E. (E.) pulchella (Winnertz, 1863) usly only been recorded from one or a few Nigard 8.-13 Sept. 2d 0 ; Dyastrondi 24 localities. This holds for Mycomya simulans, June-12 July 19, 12 July-17 Aug. 19, 17 recorded from Eastern Siberia (Vaisanen Aug. -13 Sept. lOdd 19; Sprongdalen (Loc. 1984), Acnemia falcafa from the Kola penin- 3) 8-13 Sept. Id. sula in Russia (Zaitzev 1982), Zygomyia E. (E.) subulata (Winnertz, 1863) pseudohumeralis from two locations in 3er- 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 56d. 17 Aug. many (Caspers 1980, Plassmann 1988), Ana- -13 Sept. 200 19. tella aquila from Altai and Sakhalin in the E. (E.) sp. (cf. forciposa (Tollett, 1955)) former USSR (Zaitzev 1989), A. fungina 0yastrondi 17 Aug. - 13 Sept. 3d6, Nigard from Lunz in Austria (Plassmann 1984), 8-13 Sept. 266. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis from Wales in E. (Xenexechia) crucigera (Lundstrom, 1909) England and E. pseudopulchella from south- 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 206. ern Finland and Bavaria in Germany (Plass- E. (X.) membranacea (Lundstrom, 1912) mann & Plachter 1986). Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. Id. Three species have previously not been re- E. (X.) pollicata (Edwards, 1925) corded outside the eastern parts of the Yala- Oyastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. earctic Region, viz. Mycomya simulans, Ana- E. (X.) sp. (cf. crucigera (Lundstrom, 1909)) tella aquila and Exechia subfrigida. The lat- Dyastrondi 24 June-12 July 19. ter is recorded from Mongolia and the central Pseudobrachypeza helvetica (Walker, 1856) parts of the former USSR. The record of M. 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. 266 10. simulans is remarkable, and the specimen Pseudoexechia trisignata (Edwards, 19 13) may cover an undescribed species. Neverthe- 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. lb. less, more thoroughly examinitions have ie- vealed several Eastern Palaearctic species to I Pseudorymosia foeva (Dziedzicki, 1910) be more widespread than previously suppo- 0yastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. 19, 17 Aug. sed. One such species recorded here is Brevi- -13 Sept. 866. cornu biparfifum, described from Mongolia, Rymosia bifida Edwards, 1925 and not recorded outside this area until1 two 0yastrondi 17 Aug. -13 Sept. Id. males were published from the St. Petersburg R. fasciata (Meigen, 1804) region (Zaitzev 1988). Oyastrondi 12 July-17 Aug. l6 19. The record of Drepanocercusspinistylus is R. guttata Lundstrom, 1912 noteworthy as it represent the first Palae- Dyastrondi 24 June-12 July 10, 17 Aug. arctic record of the genus, previously known -13 Sept. 260. by the Nearctic P. ensiler Vockeroth, 1980 ting. From Messaure the material originated only (see Vockeroth 1980 and Soli 1993). from an extensive collecting programme, in- Most species recorded from Jostedalen cluding various methods such as suction must be considered new to the Norwegian traps, light traps and pitfall traps. This con- fauna. Exceptions from this are most species trasts the present survey, where, in addition within the genus Mycomya, well treated by to sweep nets, only one malaisetrap was ope- Vaisanen (1984). Of these only M. denmax, rated at one location for less than 3 months. M. egregia, M. Iambi, M. maculata and M. Hence, a more thoroughly study of fungus simulans are new to Norway. gnats in the Jostedalen area would undoubtly add several more species to the list. In England and Finland the total numbers The fauna of species in Sciaroidea (excl. Sciaridae) are Most species recorded from Jostedalen are more than 5 10 (Chandler, pers. com) and 492 widespread and common in Europe. Not- (Hackman 1980; Vaisanen 1984). respecti- withstanding, several species tend to have vely. Given these numbers, one must suppose their main distribution in the central/eastern the Norwegian fauna of fungus gnats to com- parts of Europe, that means, they have not prise more than 500 species. If so, the fauna been recorded west of Germany, Switzerland of Jostedalen includes at least 40% of the and Italy. Such species are Mycomya denmax, Norwegian species of fungus gnats. M. egregia, M. hackmani, M. simulans, Ac- Based on the present survey, Jostedalen nemia falcata, Polylepta borealis, Syntemna seems to have an extremely rich and diverse relicta, Boletine borealis, Dynatosoma thora- fauna of fungus gnats, with several undescri- cicum, Mycetophila abbreviata, M. suma vica, bed and rare species. This fits well with the Phronia aviculata, P. caliginosa, P. longae- results obtained from a study of a small lamellata, Trichontafacilis, T.fissicauda, T. sample of chironomids () from trivittata, Zygomyia pseudohumeralis, Allo- the same area. Based on this single sample dia pyxidiiformis, A septentrionalis, Anatella one new genera and two new species were aquila, Brevicornu bipartitum, Exechia cor- described (Slether & Schnell1988, Schnell& nuta, E. maculipennis, E. subfrigida, E. uni- Slether 1988). Hence, more comprehensive maculata, Exechiopsis distendens, E. pseu- studies of the invertebrate fauna in the Joste- dopulchella, E. membranacea and Rymosia dalen area should be initiated. If the river is guttata. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis is the not allowed to dry out completely for longer only species recorded in western Europe periods, the terrestrial fauna will most pro- only. This points to an affinity between the bably not be seriously affected by the con- fauna in Jostedalen and the fauna in Central struction of the reservoir at lake Styggevatn. and Eastern Europe. Such an affinity is also emphasized when comparing the species list with other lists from England and Finland ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (for references see Tab. 2). Thus, 19% of the The field work was financially supported by species here recorded have not been recorded the Norwegian Water Resource and Electri- from the British Isles, while only 9% have not city Board (NVE). My best thanks to Torstein been recorded from Finland. Solhoy, Trond Andersen and Mofakhar As fungus gnats seem to have their optimal Hossain for pleasant and inspiring company habitats at northern latitudes, one should ex- during the field work, and to Jostein Kjler- cept a rather rich and diverse fauna in Nor- andsen for his assistance in the identification way. Nevertheless, the very high number of of the Exechiopsis and Exechia species. species in this submontans area is note- worthy. Results obtained from other parts of Europe can be used to evaluate the diversity SAMMENDRAG found in Jostedalen (Table 2). In doing this, I forbindelse med en undersokelse av everte- only Allgau in South Germany and Messaure brater i Jostedalen sommeren 1988, ble det in Northern Sweden reveals a species rich- samlet inn mer enn 3000 individer av sopp- ness which outnumbers the one presented mygg. 214 arter ble identifisert innen famili- here. Still, the numbers are not fully compa- ene Diadocidiidae og Mycetophilidae. Tyve rable. The species list presented from Allgau arter er ikke artsbestemt, og minst halvparten is the result of more than three years collec- av disse er ubeskrevne. Funnet av Drepano- cercus spinistylus er bemerkelsesverdig da Mikolajczyk, W. 1967. Mycetophilidae (Diptera) slekten tidligere bare er representert med tn doliny Nidy. Fragment Faunistica 14: 17-43. art i Nord Amerika. Andre sjeldne arter er (In polish.) Mycomya simulans Vaisanen 1984, Acnemia Plassmann, E. 1978a. Pilzmiicken aus Messaure in falcata Zaitzev, 1982, Zygomyia pseudohu- Schweden. I. Barberfallenfange (Insecta: Dip- tera: Mycetophilidae). Senckenbergiana biol. , meralis Caspers, 1980, Anatella aquila Zait- 58: 147-156. zev, 1989, A.fungina Plassmann, 1984, Exe- - 1978b. Pilzmucken (Mycetophilidae) aus dem chia subfrigida Lastovka & Matile, 1974, Allgau. Nachrichtenbl. Bayer. Ent. 27: 45-57. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis C handler, 1977 - 1979. Pilzmiicken aus Messaure in Schweden. , og E. pseudopulchella (Lundstrom, 1909). 11. Luftstrom-Fallenfange (Insecta: Diptera: Disse artene er tidligere bare kjent fra et fltall Mycetophi!idae). Senckenbergiana biol. 59: lokaliteter i verden. 371-388. Forekomsten av soppmygg er svzrt dlrlig - 1980a. Pilzmiicken aus Mesaure in Schweden. undersokt i Norge, og de fleste artene er nye 111. Lichtfallenfange (Insecta: Diptera: Myce- for vlr fauna. Antall arter i materialet er me- tophilidae). Senckenbergiana biol. 60: 175- 189. get hoyt sammenlignet med resultater fra - 1980b. Neue Pilzmuckenfange aus dem Allgau andre deler av Europa, og det totale artsantal- (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Mitt. Munch. Ent. let i Norge ml anslls til minst 500. En vurde- Ges. 70: 15-34. ring av faunaen i Jostedalen viser affinitet til - 1982. Pilzmiicken des Murnauer Mooses, den sentrale/ostlige palearktiske faunaen av Oberbayern, - erste Ergebnisse im Rahmen soppmygg. Dette understrekes ogsl ved at einer faunistischen Aufnahme (Diptera, Nema- den har flere arter til felles med den finske tocera, Mycetophilidae). Entomofauna, Suppl. faunaen enn med den engelske. l: 293-306. - 1984. Sech neue Pilzmiicken aus Schweden, ~sterreich,Griechenland und Brasilien (Dip- tera, , Mycetophilidae). Nachrich- REFERENCES tenbl. Bayer. Ent. 33: 44-49. Andersen, T., Hossain, M., Solhey, T. and Snli, G. - 1988. Pilzmiicken der Nordseeinseln Mellum E. E. 1990. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from und Memmert (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera,

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