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ICRANET2018- 180150 Feasibility Study for Designing a Standalone Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable, Applied and New Energy Technologies ICRANET-2018, 19-22 November 2018, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan ICRANET2018- 180150 Feasibility Study for Designing a Standalone Community Based Energy System to Remove Energy Poverty in Rural Areas of Pakistan Mazhar Ali Muhammad Umer Khan Hussain Ali US-Pakistan Center for Advanced US-Pakistan Center for Advanced US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, Studies in Energy, Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences & National University of Sciences & National University of Sciences & Technology, Technology, Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Muhammad Haseeb Nawaz Kashif Imran Rashid Wazir US-Pakistan Center for Advanced US-Pakistan Center for Advanced US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, Studies in Energy, Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences & National University of Sciences & National University of Sciences & Technology, Technology, Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Energy poverty is still one of the main country. Adult literacy rate is 36% (national over issues in Pakistan. Many rural areas of the 40%) and per-capita income is around 90% of country are still without electricity. This leads to national per capita income. In terms of rural poverty, using conventional sources of energy which cause a distinctive feature of GB is that over 90% of the various health problems. One of the main reasons people own some agricultural land as compared to for un-electrified rural areas is the high cost of 52% in rest of the country [3]. However, per capita transmissions and distribution system due to a holding is very small at 0.6-0.8 acres. Smallholdings dispersed population. For increasing and other physical challenges result in lower electrification process in rural areas government consumption (90% of the national average) and of Pakistan should invest in stand-alone and poverty is 29% as compared to the overall ratio of community-based energy systems. This paper 21% in the country [4]. A Food & Agriculture discusses electrifying a rural community and the Organization’s survey in 2014 shows only 26% cost of designing an optimized community-based population as food secures, 41% as moderately food energy system for removing energy poverty in insecure and 32% as highly food insecure. Pakistan. The region is bestowed with enormous hydropower potential, if this is carefully utilized, can Keywords—micro-hydro, community-based ensure future energy security on a long-term basis. In energy system, energy poverty. Gilgit-Baltistan, the supply of electricity started in early 1960s when few micro hydropower stations were developed in the area. The supply of liquefied I. INTRODUCTION petroleum gas (LPG) from down country started in the late 1980s, present energy mix in GB is; Wood Energy poverty has become a global issue. In (30%): LPG (40%): Kerosene Oil (6%): Hydel Power Pakistan still, 51 million people are deprived of (24%) [5]. Currently, this shows that maximum electricity. Energy poverty in Pakistan exists in rural dependence is on fuelwood and LPG resulting in the areas where still half of the people don’t have access deforestation of local forests. to electricity [1]. The absence of modern energy Energy requirements will be met from services in these areas has made people rely on hydropower resources and reduce dependence on biomass to fulfill their energy needs. This increased dependence on poor energy sources has caused import fuel, cutting of forest and fruit trees. Reduce problems like indoor pollution [2]. extra cost and minimize the risk involved in Gilgit-Baltistan is a highly mountainous and transportation and fuel stocking [6]. Sufficient remote region covering 72,496 sq. km with around generation of hydropower will help to boost 1.3 million populations. Population density is only 18 economic activities like cottage industries, tourism person/sq. km and road density is the lowest in the ICRANET2018 Page 113 Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable, Applied and New Energy Technologies ICRANET-2018, 19-22 November 2018, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan promotion, and all other business and commercial this area cannot be accessible directly from Skardu activities. Cheap energy available will open new city as Deosai plains remain closed due to heavy paths for self-employment and business opportunities snowfalls. The alternate route through Astore district in Gilgit-Baltistan. can be used in order to run the economic and military activities as it is located near to the line of control II. PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION between Pakistan and India. In both areas, animal The study area in this paper focuses on an un- dungs of domestic livestock, biomasses by the small electrified village of Gilgit-Baltistan and present a agricultural patches and firewood from nearby upper community based electrical energy system. The hilly region small forest are the main source of energy for northern region of Pakistan contains tall mountains domestic needs. While some household uses kerosene with forests and valleys sandwiched between them. oil for lighting purposes. These primary resources not Gilgit-Baltistan is the homeland of fresh water which only disturb the ecosystem but also cause health nd consists of 2 largest glaciers. The population are issues which results in an extra financial burden on dispersed and remotely located from each other so already economically deprived families. they have no centralized power system and electricity is provided by local grids at sub-divisional level. The provision of electricity to hilly cold villages through transmission lines is very difficult and costly. Standalone community based electrical system thought to be the most acceptable solution in order to eliminate poverty and enhance financial businesses [7]. The indigenous renewable resources available at the site were analyzed through HOMER Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables developed by NREL) that gives most economically feasible solution on the basis of net present cost and cost of energy [8]. Fig.1. Arial View of Shilla Valley Skardu A. Unelectrified Villages under Study B. Available Hydro Resources Two distantly located villages of district Skardu The mainstream flows through the Shilla Valley site is Marko Lungma (Nallah), it is assisted by few are focused in this study where electricity through the sub-tributaries in summer season resulting maximum local grid is not available. Shilla Valley with 85 3 households is located on the east of Skardu city at a flow of 9.89 m /s in July while the minimum flow of 0.58 m3/s in February. This stream falls in the Sermik distance of about 60 km. It is characterized by a deep valley and snow-fed water streams such as Marko Lungma that joins the great Indus River after passing through the pasture lands and agricultural fields of Lungma with limited resources of biomasses and several villages in Sermik Valley. Similarly, Fultux forests. Site altitude is approximately 3,050 meters Nallah falls into Shingo River near to Domiyal while the latitude and longitude are N 35°10´ E Valley and has adequate water flow throughout the 75°50´. The other village is Domiyal Valley of 3 subdivision Gultari, situated at an altitude of 4095 year. It has a minimum flow of 0.538 m /s in January 3 meters with N 34°45´ E 75°30´ latitude and and a maximum 2.755 m /s flow in July. The longitude. This area is accessible through Deosai monthly average water flow of Marko Lungma and plain at a distance of 172 km south from Skardu city. Fultux Nallah shown in Figure 2 were collected from Gultari area has several watersheds such as Shingo, Water & Power Department, Government of Gilgit- Fultux and Karapchu rivers run across the Deosai Baltistan. plains towards district Skardu and Astore. In winter, ICRANET2018 Page 114 Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable, Applied and New Energy Technologies ICRANET-2018, 19-22 November 2018, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan 350 12 Gultari July 300 10 Gultari January 250 8 Shilla July sec kW Cu 200 n n 6 i i Shilla January r w o 150 l 4 F Powe 100 ver 2 Ri 50 0 Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Shilla 0.61 0.58 0.68 0.84 3.05 6.43 9.89 8.17 3.26 1.46 1.04 0.89 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Gultari 0.538 0.539 0.539 1.156 1.25 1.335 2.755 2.505 1.01 0.875 0.6 0.575 Hourly Time Fig.2. Average Water flow at Shilla and Domiyal Sites. Fig.3. Hourly Average Load Profiles in Winter and Summer. The proposed projects are run off river type hydro III. MODELING & SIMULATION power development in Shilla and Domiyal villages of Skardu district. For modeling a community-based energy system on HOMER Pro software, annual data of available C. Energy Utilization Trends renewable resources and load are required. The The area has no provision of electricity thus the available resource and load profile at the selected load profile was examined with the help of survey sites are already been discussed. Two scenarios i.e. data from local bodies’ organization and electricity inclusions of diesel generator and battery bank have usage trends in the nearby electrified areas of the also considered in order to critically analyze the district. The community based electric load module system. HOMER simulates the system with different of HOMER Pro is used in order to suggest the load combinations of the available sources.
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