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Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election "The author's views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government, nor of The Asia Foundation." 1 Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election AFGHANISTAN Presidential Election 2004 Report of International Observation Mission September- October 2004 Asian Network For Free Elections (ANFREL) 2 Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election Published by Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL) 109 Suthisarnwinichai Road Samsennok, Huaykwang Bangkok 10320, Thailand Tel : (66 2) 276 9846 –7 Fax : (66 2) 276 2183 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.anfrel.org Written by Herizal Hazri Layouted by Chatchawan Rakchat Photos courtesy of mission observers and staffs. Cover photo by Somsri Hananuntasuk Book cover designed by Pongsak Chanon ISBN 974-93037-0-9 Printed in Bangkok, Thailand April 2005 3 Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election Acknowledgement ANFREL would like to thank all those who have participated in the success of this observation mission. ANFREL would also like to dedicate this report to: · The people of Afghanistan, for their love of peace and democracy. · All our long term and short term observers who have contributed heir precious time to show solidarity and support to the people of Afghanistan in organizing the election. · All ANFREL member organizations which, at the times of happiness and crisis, have constantly support the activities of ANFREL. It is imperative to mention here that the sending of their representatives to be part of this mission proves to be a pillar of a united Asian movement in supporting democracy and democratization efforts in Asia. · United States Agency for International Development (USAID) for the funds made available to ANFREL through The Asia Foundation office in Kabul. ANFREL’s sincere gratitude especially to Mr. Jon Summers and Ms. Barbara Smith, Mr. Andy Andrews and Mr. Greg Alling; everybody at the Asia Foundation Kabul Office and Islamabad Office for their important support and assistance. · The Chair of Joint Electoral Management Body (JEMB) and his staffs both from the national and provincial level, especially to those who were very kind in providing our observers the information they needed and in allowing them to observe inside the polling stations. · All resource persons for ANFREL especially to Mr. Tim Meisburger and Mr. Glenn Nye. · Gratitude to the British Embassy Office in Kabul for supporting ANFREL’s Out of4 Country Observation Mission in Iran. This support proved to be very valuable in supporting the Afghanistan Presidential Election 2004. Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election · The security team from Global Risk Strategy and other security units for their patience in preparing and briefing ANFREL observers during the observation period. · Mr. Herizal Hazri for his coordinating the mission as well as preparing and finalizing this report. It is obvious that the success of this mission is unattainable without the strong and constant support from many people. Yet, although their contribution remains priceless to us, regrettably many names are missing in this acknowledgment. This must not foreshadow the magnitude of their support to ANFREL and to the success of this mission. 5 Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election Map and Flag of Afghanistan 6 Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election Afghanistan Presidential Election 2004 ANFREL Observation Mission Report TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS..................................................................................................... 9 PREFACE.......................................................................................................... 10 Anfrel and its mission to afghanistan in 2004 ............................................ 10 Background on ANFREL......................................................................... 10 ANFREL’s Involvement in Afghanistan ................................................... 11 Objectives of the Election Observation Program....................................... 13 Conditions, functions and strategies of the observation mission ................ 15 BACKGROUND ON AFGHANISTAN ................................................... 29 Political History....................................................................................... 29 Afghanistan Politics - ‘a glance’ .............................................................. 30 Recent Developments - ‘Steps towards Democracy & Stability’................ 35 The Political System of Afghanistan - ‘The New Constitution’ ................. 35 PATH TO THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN AFGHANISTAN.... 40 The challenges of the presidential election ................................................. 41 Security ................................................................................................... 41 Voter Registration .................................................................................... 42 Election Administration and Training of Election Officials........................ 45 Public Awareness ..................................................................................... 45 THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION SYSTEM ......................................... 46 Candidacy of the President and the Vice President.................................... 47 Campaign and Campaign Funding............................................................ 55 Election Administration ........................................................................... 56 OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS .............................................................. 58 Campaigning during Campaigning Period ................................................ 58 Rallies and Open Campaigning ................................................................ 58 Posters and Banners................................................................................. 62 Media ...................................................................................................... 64 7 Asian Network for Free Elections Afghan Presidential Election Information on Candidates ....................................................................... 65 Voter Education ....................................................................................... 66 Election Administration ........................................................................... 69 Logistics.................................................................................................. 70 Recruitment and Training of Polling Officers............................................ 72 Gender Issues .......................................................................................... 75 Out of country observation in Pakistan ..................................................... 77 Preparation of the Election ....................................................................... 79 Voter Education ....................................................................................... 80 Out of country observation in Iran............................................................ 81 Preparation of the election........................................................................ 82 Voter Education ....................................................................................... 84 ELECTION DAY .................................................................................... 85 Afghanistan ............................................................................................. 86 Pakistan ................................................................................................... 93 Iran.......................................................................................................... 95 COUNTING ............................................................................................ 99 Pakistan and iran vote counting center in kabul......................................... 99 Kabul counting center ............................................................................ 100 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................. 101 Voter Registration .................................................................................. 101 Training of Election Officers.................................................................. 102 Open Campaigning/Rallies..................................................................... 103 Voter Education ..................................................................................... 103 Campaigning Funds ............................................................................... 104 Election Supervisory Body..................................................................... 104 APPENDICES TO THE REPORT............................................................ 105 Afghan Constitution and Election Law................................................... 105 Assessment Mission Report ................................................................... 192 ANFREL's Statement............................................................................. 202 List of Deployment................................................................................ 209 News and Article ................................................................................... 213 Results Summary..................................................................................
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