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Jasmina Petrovi} BIBLIOTEKA GRADA BEOGRADA Jasmina Petrovi} Beograd, Narodna biblioteka Srbije UDK 027.52(497.11)(091) BIBLIOTEKA GRADA BEOGRADA „Gradovi su kao i qudi – jedni privla~e, drugi odbijaju. Beograd je svojom istorijom od najstarijih vremena do danas, svojom velikom ulogom u celom na{em XIX veku, kao i dana{wom i budu}om ulogom u ~itavom kulturnom i socijalnom `ivotu Jugoslavije – privla~io i privla~i na sebe op{tu pa`wu, duboku simpatiju i qubav. Sveta je svaka wegova uspomena, sveta je du`nost sara|ivati na izgradwi i daqem razvoju wegovog duhovnog lika.Œ (Sa programa osve}ewa Op{tinske biblioteke i Muzeja 11. januara 1931. godine) Osnivawe Biblioteke grada Beograda Potreba osnivawa Biblioteke grada Beograda i Muzeja ose}ala se jo{ krajem XIX i po~etkom XX veka. Zvani~ni akt o osnivawu Biblioteke grada Beograda donet je 4. oktobra 1928. godine. Prva javna biblioteka u Beogradu osnovana je sa zadatkom da slu`i komunalnoj nauci, i da, u isto vreme, kao javna bude dostupna celokupnom gra|anstvu. Sistematski rad na ure|ewu i organizaciji gradske biblioteke zapo~et je u junu 1929. godine i poveren wenom prvom bibliotekaru dr Mariji Ili}-Agapovoj. Ona je odmah otpo~ela sa sistematskim prikupqawem i sre|ivawem fonda kwiga, inventarisawem, kao i utvr|ivawem Pravila Biblioteke. U fondu Beogradske Op{tinske biblioteke krajem 1929. godine bilo je 5.000 bibliote~kih jedinica. Biblioteka nije mogla biti otvorena za {iru javnost sve do pred kraj 1930. godine, jer su prostorije u glavnoj op{tinskoj zgradi u Uzun Mirkovoj 1, u kojima se u to vreme nalazila (zajedno sa Gradskim muzejem), bile sasvim nepodesne. Po~eci rada Biblioteke grada Beograda Sve~ano osve}ewe i otvarawe Biblioteke i Muzeja Op{tine grada Beograda objavqeno je 11. januara 1931. godine u ulici Kraqa Petra broj 26. Ovom prilikom otvorene su dve ~itaonice, za odrasle i za decu, jedna pored druge, me|usobno povezane, ali su obe imale zasebne ulaze. Rad de~je ~itaonice zapo~eo je odmah nakon osve}ewa, uporedo s radom ~itaonice za odrasle ~itaoce. De~ja ~itaonica, koja je imala 300 kwiga, prva je javna de~ija biblioteka u na{oj zemqi. U woj je tada bila prire|ena izlo`ba kwiga na kojoj su se isticale de~ije kwige i dela izlo`ena u odeqku pod nazivom „BeogradŒ, gde su bile kwige o Beogradu. Od samog po~etka rada Biblioteke grada Beograda posebna pa`wa je bila posve}ena radu sa decom i omladinom, o ~emu je iscrpno pisala i {to je neprestano isticala dr Marija Ili}-Agapova. Kao glavna aktivna forma rada u radu sa decom zavedena su „De~ija selaŒ, koja obuhvataju ~asove pri~a, muzi~ki i filmski deo. Novoosnovane ~itaonice postepeno su se ispuwavale, prvo odraslim ~itaocima, a kasnije decom. Kori{}ewe kwiga bilo je besplatno, a za kwige koje su se iznajmqivale izvan Biblioteke pla}ala se kaucija u visini od 50 dinara, koja se vra}ala kada je ~italac vra}ao ~lansku legitimaciju. U prvoj godini wenog rada u Biblioteku se upisalo 1.209 odraslih i 629 dece. Od samog po~etka nabavna politika uskla|ivana je sa potrebama ~italaca. Najzastupqenije su bile lepa kwi`evnost i socijalne nauke, a zatim su dolazile geografija, filozofija, istorija, umetnost, religija, primewene nauke, ~asopisi i dnevni listovi. Od de~jih kwiga najve}u grupu sa~iwavale su doma}a originalna i prevodna kwi`evnost, ali je bilo i kwiga na stranim jezicima. Sve su se kwige de~je biblioteke delile u 4 osnovne grupe – priru~na dela, kwi`evnost, uxbenici, kwige o de~joj literaturi. Biblioteka je krajem 1931. imala 7.195 kwiga, sre|enih prema decimalnoj klasifikaciji, a imala je i dva kataloga, alfabetski i sistematski (prvi stru~ni katalog u zemqi). Godine 1932. odobren je prvi zvani~ni Pravilnik o ciqu, unutra{wem ure|ewu, nadle`nosti i poslovawu Odeqka Biblioteke i Muzeja Op{tine grada Beograda. U Pravilnik su unete sve ideje i stru~ne bibliotekarske definicije dr Marije Ili}-Agapove. Wime su Biblioteka i Muzej dobili status zasebnog odeqewa u Op{tini i svoj pe~at sa dr`avnim grbom Op{tine. Krajem 1932. godine Biblioteka i Muzej su preseqeni u Kosovsku ulicu 39, a otvoreni su 11. januara 1933. godine. Biblioteka je dobila za sme{taj svojih fondova i svoj rad: ~itaonicu za odrasle ~itaoce s ~itaonicom dnevnih listova i ~asopisa, de~ju ~itaonicu, magacin kwiga, kancelariju u kojoj je vr{en upis novih ~lanova, izradu kataloga, vo|ewe inventara i kabinet upravnika. Priru~na literatura je bila izdvojena iz op{teg fonda i sme{tena u specijalne ormane koji su se nalazili u ~itaonici, kao i muzi~ka biblioteka (osnovana 1930), u kojoj su se krajem 1934. godine nalazila 502 muzi~ka dela. Tako|e je bila izdvojena i Zavi~ajna zbirka, koja se u po~etku zvala Nau~na biblioteka o Beogradu, u kojoj su prikupqene publikacije, listovi i rukopisi, i veoma retke stare kwige koje mogu poslu`iti za prou~avawe pro{losti Beograda. Biblioteka grada Beograda 1933. godine je svojim sveukupnim radom stekla zavidno mesto me|u bibliotekama u Beogradu. Posebna pa`wa je bila posve}ena stru~nom usavr{avawu kadra. Organizovano stru~no obrazovawe bibliote~kog kadra kod nas poniklo je u Biblioteci i Muzeju grada Beograda 1934, kada je dr Marija Ili}-Agapova organizovala prvi bibliotekarski kurs Biblioteke Op{tine grada Beograda. Ciq tog kursa je bio da se {to vi{e deluje na „de~ju qubav prema kwizi i stru~no obrazuju bibliote~ki radniciŒ, a o stru~nim biblitekarskim problemima dr`ala je predavawa dr Marija Ili}-Agapova. Biblioteka grada Beograda je od samog po~etka imala problem sme{taja fonda, pa se nastojalo prona}i najadekvatnije re{ewe. Zbog toga je Op{tina 1935. godine za Biblioteku i Muzej otkupila zgradu u ulici Kwegiwe Qubice br. 1 (sada Zmaj Jovina br. 1), zgradu koja je tada odgovarala svojoj nameni kako prostorom tako i unutra{wim rasporedom. Zgrada je brzo osposobqena za useqavawe, koje je obavqeno u aprilu, a osve}ena je i otvorena 26. maja 1935. godine. Izlo`be kwiga i priredbe akademija u Biblioteci i Muzeju bile su zna~ajni kulturni doga|aji u Beogradu, koje su mnogi rado pose}ivali. Zato su u okviru Biblioteke grada Beograda bile prire|ivane stalne i povremene izlo`be kwiga. Prva takva izlo`ba prire|ena je prilikom otvarawa Biblioteke i Muzeja, i to u De~joj ~itaonici. Obi~no je prire|ivana po jedna velika godi{wa izlo`ba kwiga, ~asopisa i novina, s ciqem da se ~itaocima prezentuju novi naslovi koji su pribavqeni putem kupovine ili kroz poklone. Shodno tome, Kulturni odbor Op{tine je 1937. godine doneo odluku da se u Biblioteci i Muzeju dva puta nedeqno dr`e predavawa radi uspostavqawa veze sa gra|anstvom. Godine 1940, Biblioteka i Muzej dostigli su svoj najve}i uspeh u dotada{wem radu. Inicijativom dr Marije Ili}-Agapove, Op{tina je, povodom svoje stogodi{wice, re{ila da osnuje Gradski kulturni dom u koji bi smestila samo svoje kulturne ustanove: Gradsku biblioteku za odrasle, De~ju i omladinsku biblioteku, Gradski muzej, Gradsku galeriju slika i Zemunski istorijski arhiv. Za Gradski kulturni dom odre|ena je zgrada u kojoj su se ve} nalazili Biblioteka i Muzej, s tim {to je zbog ruiniranosti zgrada morala biti restaurirana. Radovi na opravci zgrade nisu dugo trajali, pa su kulturne ustanove ubrzo preseqene i sme{tene u za wih odre|ene prostorije. Gradski kulturni dom je otvoren 22. decembra 1940. godine, a prilikom otvarawa predsednik op{tine Jevrem B. Tomi} je naglasio da pre toga u predgra|ima Beograda i u Zemunu nisu postojale op{tinske biblioteke, odobriv{i da se u Zemunu osnuje prva i stalna filijala Gradske biblioteke. Biblioteka grada Beograda u toku rata (1941-1945) Nema~ko bombardovawe 1941. nanelo je Biblioteci i Muzeju neprocewivu kulturnu i materijalnu {tetu i onemogu}ilo ne samo daqi razvoj nego i normalan rad. Od zapaqivih bombi izgoreo je krov na zgradi i posledwi sprat, a ostali spratovi su o{te}eni. Tom prilikom uni{teno je 3.978, a o{te}eno 2.708 kwiga. Opravka zgrade od bombardovawa privedena je kraju tek sredinom oktobra 1941, pa je Gradski kulturni dom formalno otvoren 22. decembra iste godine. Biblioteka je u periodu od juna 1941. do 1943. radila sa prekidima, ali je zbog nesta{ice ogreva prekidan rad u ~itaonicama. Prema statistici vo|enoj u Biblioteci, od 12. juna 1941. do 12. juna 1942. zabele`en je izuzetno velik broj poseta (bilo je 23. 828 poseta i izdato je 22.038 kwiga), {to se obja{wava ~iwenicom da su druge biblioteke bile zatvorene. Prema podatku koji navodi Branko \ur|ulov, dugogodi{wi upravnik Biblioteke, godine 1944. u Biblioteci je bilo 4.226 kwiga mawe nego 1941. godine. Oslobo|ewe Beograda zateklo je Biblioteku u neredu i sa znatnim gubicima u kwigama i rukopisima. Kratak pregled razvoja Biblioteka grada Beograda posle oslobo|ewa Posle oslobo|ewa Biblioteka po~iwe da radi sa korisnicima 18. juna 1945. godine. Na kraju te godine Biblioteka ima u svom fondu 25. 019 kwiga i 2.400 upisanih ~lanova. Biblioteka je tada imala ~etiri ~itaonice: za odrasle ~itaoce, za decu, za nau~ne studije i za dnevnu {tampu. Kao posebno odeqewe u Biblioteci je tada postojala „umetni~ka bibliotekaŒ, sa 540 svezaka (najve}im delom publikacija na stranim jezicima) koje se ne iznose iz Biblioteke, ve} se koriste samo u Biblioteci. Glavni korisnici ovih publikacija bili su studenti istorije umetnosti. Prelomna godina u radu Biblioteke je 1950. godina. U ovoj godini preinventarisan je kwi`ni fond Biblioteke, jer se po starom na~inu inventarisawa nije mogao utvrditi ta~an, ve} samo pribli`an broj kwiga kojima je Biblioteka raspolagala.
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