DOCSLIB.ORG

ENTOMOLOGY.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ENTOMOLOGY.Pdf Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Mykolayiv National Agrarian University A. V. Dudnik ENTOMOLOGY Lecture Mykolayiv 2016 2 UDC 632.7: 595.7 (075.8) BBK 44.6я73 D 81 Recommended scientific and methodical commission of faculty of agricultural technologies, protocol number 1 dated September 30, 2015 Reviewers: Hrabak N. H. – Professor of Ecology and Natural Resources Black Sea State University. Peter Mogila, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor. Mitryasova AP – Head of Department of Environment and Natural Resources Black Sea State University. Peter Mogila, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor. Dudnik A. V. Entomology : lecture / A. V. Dudnik. – Nikolaev : MNAU, 2016. - 89 p. In the lecture notes are considered morphology, anatomy, biology of reproduction and development, ecology and systematics of insects. In a special part contained diagnostic features, distribution within Ukraine are the most important types of harmful insects, the data on their biology, ecology and harmfulness. These accounting methods and limit the number of harmful insects. Special attention is focused on the value and protection of insects. Lecture intended for training in higher educational institutions of III - IV accreditation from the direction "Agronomics". It may be useful to plant protection specialists, agronomists farms of different ownership and management, students of postgraduate education institutions, to anyone interested in entomology. © A. V. Dudnik, 2016 © Mykolayiv National Agricultural University, 2016 3 CONTENT Introduction ................................................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction to entomology. The morphology and anatomy of insects ....................5 2. Biology of Reproduction and development of insects. Insect Ecology ..................17 3. Insect Systematics .................................................................................................. 25 4. Bahatoyidni insect pests ........................................................................................ 36 5. pests of crops and grains and products processing during storage .......................................................................................41 6. pests of legumes, technical and vegetable crops ................................................... 50 7. pests of fruit and berry crops and vines ..................................................................62 8. Limitation and monitoring of the number of insects. Value and insect protection ...............................................................................................78 List of references ........................................................................................................88 4 PREFACE Entomology - one of the main agronomic disciplines taught in the third year full-time. The purpose of discipline is to provide future specialists with the necessary knowledge of agronomy Profile of biology, ecology and systematics of major insect pests of crops. Also, special attention is paid to fundamental measures to combat harmful organisms. Lectures designed for those who know the basics of biology segmented animals at school and has a common understanding of the environmental issues. It sets out the theoretical basis of morphology, anatomy, ecology, biology of reproduction and development of insect systematics, ethology; also describes widespread pests of various crops and foods, methods of calculation, limit the number and importance of insects and their protection. Lecture on entomology help students master theoretical material on the use of phytosanitary diagnostics methods, decision-making concerning distribution and forecasting of pests justification alarm timing of protective measures, the use of economic thresholds of harmfulness. Material lectures combined eight themes. The duration of study each topic is not the same. It depends not only on the individual student, but also the degree of difficulty and the amount proposed for learning. 5 LECTURE 1. Introduction to entomology. Morphology and anatomy INSECT Question: 1. The concept of entomology. History of entomology. Sections of Entomology 2. Insect Morphology 3. Insect Anatomy 1. The concept of entomology. History of entomology. Sections of Entomology Entomology - a comprehensive science (from the Greek. Entomon - insect and logos - word, teaching), which studies the structure and the livelihoods of insects, their individual and historical development, diversity of forms on Earth distribution in time and space, the relationship with the environment and so on. At this time registered and described more than 106 species of insects. First of all studied entomology arthropods, but gradually, due to the huge number of insect species (exceeding the number of other species of animals, plants and microorganisms combined), limited class of insects; the study also other classes of arthropods was the subject of separate sciences (Arachnology - the science of arachnids, carcinology - the science of shellfish, etc.). A study of insects in rows and separated families within a fractional entomology discipline - koleopterolohiya (beetles) lepidopterology (luskrkryli) myrmecology (ants), and others. Now there are at least 1,018 separate species of insects. Each year, describing and recording over 7000 new species. Among a million species of insects harmful to man only 15,000 (1.5%). History of Entomology Entomology goes back to ancient times and cultures, especially in the context of agriculture. However, research dating back to the 16th century. Historical Review. Interest in insects originated in ancient times. Man has long faced with damage to insects and beneficial insects used. In the Assyrian cuneiform tablets and Egyptian papyri 3rd millennium BC. referred devastating locust attacks: in ancient Chinese manuscripts of this period are indications of silkworm breeding and the fight against insects - pests gardens. Proceedings of ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (4 in. BC), which allocated among 'animals without blood "group" entoma ", containing summary of insects. However, only in the 17th century. there entomology science. Fundamentals of Labour laid the Dutch scientist J. Svammerdama on bee anatomy and development (1669), Italian scientists M. Malpighi in anatomy and development of silkworm (1686) and F. Buonanni in structure mouthparts of insects, the German scientist I. Hedarta by type of metamorphosis. In the 17th century. made the first attempt to create a system of insects. In the 18th century. there are multi erection knowledge about insects, "Memoirs of the history of insects" (v. 1-6, 1734-1742), French scientist R. Reaumur, who discovered parthenogenesis in aphids (1737); observations of insects German scientist Alexander von Rezal Rozenhofa "Memoirs of insects" (v. 1-7, 1752-1778); Swedish naturalist C. To Hesra that conducted comparative morphological studies on insect larvae. From the mid-18th century. begins studying entomofauna large areas: 6 Swedish scientist C. Linnaeus described the entomofauna of Sweden (1746, 1761), a Russian scientist PS Pallas - different provinces of Russia (especially steppe zone) (1771-1776), F. Shrank - Austria (1781), P. Rossi - Italy (1790). Works Karl Linnaeus initiated the foundations of modern taxonomy. In the "System of Nature" (10th ed., Vol. 1-2, 1758-1759) Linnaeus described 1936 species of insects, distributing them to lineages that grouped based on the structure of the wings 9 series, and introduced binary nomenclature, scientific sorting the names of species. In the 19th century. their system of insects offered British entomologists William Kirby, J. Westwood and John. Lubbock that identified several series. French entomologist Latreyl P. (1831) proposed a system in volume class, which roughly corresponds to the modern. With the work of Darwin "On the Origin of Species" (1859) of insects were built on the phylogenetic basis (Austrian scientist F. Brauer, the American scientist A. Packard and others.). Brilliant research on insect anatomy executed a French scientist L. Dufour, in metamorphosis - JA Fabre in France, in Germany A. Weismann, IA Porchynskyy, AO Kovalevsky in. Russian scientist NP Wagner discovered a type of parthenogenesis - paedogenesis (1862), AA Tikhomirov received artificial parthenogenesis in silkworms (1886); MS Ganin described a new type of Hymenoptera (1869), NV Bobretskyy established features of Diptera (1878) and NA Holodkovskyy - Orthoptera. PI Bahmetev began to study suspended animation (1897), AA Kovalevsky discovered in insects germ layers (one of the most important theoretical generalizations in embryology, 1869-1871); French zoologist P. Marchal - Polyembryony (1898); German scientist F. Graber (1897) and others have made in the construction of embryology of insects. Important research on the physiology of breathing and digestion of insects had French scientist F. Plateau (1870). Throughout the 19th century. big scientific expeditions and individual scientists (in GI Fischer von Valdheymom issuing 5 tons. "Эntomohrafyy Russia", 1820-1851; PP Semenovыm-Tyan-Shansky, NM Przhevalsky, V.Y . Roborovskiy etc.) collected materials on Entomofauna many countries and continents, and at the turn of 19-20 centuries. there were fundamental reference summary of insects in Europe ("Beetles of Russia and Western Europe" in. 1-11 vol., 1905-1915), America (40 vol. in the "Central American biology", 1879-1915) Madagascar (6 vols. in "Natural History of Madagascar,"
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Some Central Pacific Crustaceans by CHARLES HOWARD EDMONDSON Bernice P
    OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM HONOLULU, HAWAII I Volume XX August 29, 1951 NumJ>er 13 Some Central Pacific Crustaceans By CHARLES HOWARD EDMONDSON BERNIce P. BtSHOJ' MOSEtrM INTRODUCTION The following report on crustaceans selected from materia1lwhich has accumulated in Bishop Museum for several years inc1uder (1), new species, (2) known species as new Hawaiian records, an,(i (3) known species rarely recorded in the central Pacific. Recently, valuable collections have been received as a result of the current dredging operations of the M alliin, a boat of the Fi hand Game Division, Territorial Board of Agriculture and Forestry. These collections clearly reveal the presence of a crustacean fauna a ut the Hawaiian Islands. at depths of about 10 fathoms and beyond, which is not seen on the shallow reefs. Many of the unique species taken nearly 50 years ago by the Albatross of the United States Fis Com~ mission have again been brought to view. Other rare crustaceans recorded in the report were receive1 from the Honolulu Aquarium and came from fish traps operated b~ com­ mercial fishermen off the coast of Oahu at depths ranging aro~nd 16 fathoms. These specimens show that fauna at these depths har close affinities with that of the western Pacific and the Indian Ocej. It is well known that many organisms, both land and marine ~orrns, have been introduced into the Hawaiian area within recent I.years, chiefly as a result of war activities. Ocean-going craft returning to Hawaii from forward areas in the Pacific transport on theil' hulls marine organisms not previously recognized among local shore fauna, and some of these inunigrants become established in the new e9viron­ ment.
    [Show full text]
  • (Arachnida, Opiliones) of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Brazil
    Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e47456 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e47456 Data Paper Harvestmen occurrence database (Arachnida, Opiliones) of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Brazil Valéria J. da Silva‡, Manoel B. Aguiar-Neto‡, Dan J. S. T. Teixeira‡, Cleverson R. M. Santos‡, Marcos Paulo Alves de Sousa‡, Timoteo M. da Silva‡, Lorran A. R. Ramos‡, Alexandre Bragio Bonaldo§ ‡ Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil § Laboratório de Aracnologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66017-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil, Belém, Brazil Corresponding author: Marcos Paulo Alves de Sousa ([email protected]), Alexandre Bragio Bonaldo ([email protected]) Academic editor: Adriano Kury Received: 19 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 20 Dec 2019 | Published: 31 Dec 2019 Citation: da Silva VJ, Aguiar-Neto MB, Teixeira DJST, Santos CRM, de Sousa MPA, da Silva TM, Ramos LAR, Bragio Bonaldo A (2019) Harvestmen occurrence database (Arachnida, Opiliones) of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e47456. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e47456 Abstract Background We present a dataset with information from the Opiliones collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Northern Brazil. This collection currently has 6,400 specimens distributed in 13 families, 30 genera and 32 species and holotypes of four species: Imeri ajuba Coronato-Ribeiro, Pinto-da-Rocha & Rheims, 2013, Phareicranaus patauateua Pinto-da- Rocha & Bonaldo, 2011, Protimesius trocaraincola Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 and Sickesia tremembe Pinto-da-Rocha & Carvalho, 2009. The material of the collection is exclusive from Brazil, mostly from the Amazon Region. The dataset is now available for public consultation on the Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr) (https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/goeldi/resource?r=museuparaenseemiliogoeldi-collection-aracnolo giaopiliones).
    [Show full text]
  • July, and October
    ISSN 0739-4934 NEWSLETTER I {!STORY OF SCIENCE _iu_'i_i_u~-~-~-o~_9_N_u_M_B_E_R_3__________ S00ETY AAASREPORT HSSEXECUTIVE A Larger Role for History of Science COMMITTEE PRESIDENT in Undergraduate Education STEPHEN G. BRUSH, University of Maryland NORRISS S. HETHERINGTON VICE-PRESIDENT Office for the History of Science and Technology, SALLY GREGORY KOHLSTEDT, University of California, Berkeley University of Minnesota EXECU11VESECRETARY HISTORIANS OF SCIENCE have often been called to contribute to under­ MICHAEL M. SOKAL, Worcester graduate education. As HSS President Stephen G. Brush notes jNewsletter, Polytechnic Institute January 1990, pp. 1, 8-10), historically oriented science courses could be­ TREASURER come a valuable part of the core curriculum at many institutions, and fac­ MARY LOUISE GLEASON, New York City ulty at many colleges-especially science professors-have expressed strong EDITDR interest in using materials and perspectives from history of science. RONALD L. NUMBERS, University of We are now called again, this time by the American Association for the Wisconsin-Madison Advancement of Science. The Liberal Art of Science: Agenda for Action, published by the AAAS in May 1990, argues that science is one of the liberal The Newsletter of the History of Science arts and that it should be taught as such, as integrated into the totality of Society is published in January, April, July, and October. Regular issues are sent to individual human experience. This argument and advice may seem obvious to histori­ members of the Society who reside in North ans of science, but it is a revolutionary departure from tradition for many America. Airmail copies are sent to those scientists, and one that could transform both undergraduate education and members overseas who pay $5 yearly to cover postal costs: The Newsletter is available to the role of our discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    NEW RELEASE AVIAN FORAGING: THEORY, METHODOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS MICfjAEL L. MORRISON, C. JOHN RALPH, JARED VERNER. AND JOSEPH R. JEHL. JR Order from: EDITORS Cooper Ornithological Society Western Foundation of Vertebrate zoology 1100 Glendon Ave., Suite 1400 Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA All order must be prepaid in U.S. dollars. Make checks payable to the Cooper Ornithological Society STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY NO. 13 $29.50 (includes postage & ha&Ii@ Other recent publications: SAB 11: Bird Communities at Sea off California: 1975 to 1983 $ 7.00 SAB 12: Biology of the Eared Grebe and Wilsons’ Phalarope in the Nonbreeding Season: A Study of Adaptations to Saline Lakes $14.00 3-5-1OSALE NEW REDUCED PRICES EFFECTIVEJULY 1 Original Price New Price SAB 2: Shorebirds in Marine Environments . $ 5.00 SAB 3: Bird Communi Dynamics in A Ponderosa Pine . % ore& . I!% $ 3.00 SAB 4: The Avifauna of the South Farallon Islands, California . $ 3.00 SAB 5: Annual Variation of Daily Ener $N Expenditure by the Black-bille P Magpie . * . $ 3.00 $X SAB 6: Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds . $ 10.00 SAB 7: Population Ecology of the Dipper (CinClns $W me&arws) in the Front Range of Colorado . $ 3.00 $\ SAB 8: Tropical Seabird Ecology * - - - * * . * * - * * - * * $* $ 3.00 SAB 9: Forest Bird Communities of the Hawaiian Islands . $ 10.00 SAB 10: Ecology and Behavior of Gulls . $ 5.00 Prices include postage andhandling Order from: Mr. James T. Jennings Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite 1400 Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA All Orders must be prepaid in U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Dancing on Terra -- with Terror: Disciplines Reframing Terrifying
    Alternative view of segmented documents via Kairos 20th March 2004 | Draft Dancing on Terra -- with Terror Disciplines reframing terrifying relationships -- / -- Introduction Since the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center, the response has been framed in strictly binary logic: " You are either with us, or you are against us". All governments and peoples of the world are urged to engage in the "war against terrorism" -- in defence of the highest values of civilization. The focus of this war, and any response to further attacks, is on how to stop terrorists. Stopping terrorists is framed as a question of capturing any who may be suspect (whatever the evidence), incarcerating them (without trial), or killing them (whether in military action or through covert assassination). The resources devoted to remedy the impoverishment and injustice, which many recognize as a breeding ground for terrorists, have diminished at a rate commensurate with the increase in resources allocated to "security", whether in the form of military equipment, surveillance, or the associated personnel. Very little effort is made, or called for -- by the media, politicians or engaged groups -- to look beyond the immediate action of terrorists to address the conditions that give rise to them. The focus of conceptual and financial resources is on proximate causes of violence and not on the contextual causes which willl continue to ensure that new terrorists emerge. The following explores the possibility that many disciplines, representing the core intellectual achievement of modern civilization, have developed conceptual approaches that reframe the crude simplicity of the current focus on proximate causes of terrifying relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrothermal Vents in the Lau Basin
    Bull. Mus. natl. Hist. nat., Paris, 4e sér., 17, 1995 section A, n" 3-4 : 221-243. A new sessile barnade (Cirripedia, Brachylepadomorpha) from the Lau Back-Arc Basin, Tonga; fïrst record of a living représentative since the Miocène by William A. NEWMAN & Toshiyuki YAMAGUCHI Abstract. — An extant représentative of the Brachylepadomorpha, Neobrachylepas relica gen. et sp. nov., has been discovered associated with hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin. The suborder, comprising the earliest sessile barnacles, appeared in the Jurassic. It underwent a modest diversification before the close of the Cretaceous, when it began to décline concomitant with the origin and diversification of the modem sessile barnacles (Ver- rucomorpha and Balanomorpha) as well as certain shell-crushing predators, and it has been absent from the fossil record since the Miocène. Thus Neobrachylepas is unique among previously known hydrothermal vent barnacles, Neolepas (Scalpellomorpha), Neoverruca (Verrucomorpha) and Eochionelasmus (Balanomorpha), in being the only known living member rather than simply the most primitive living member of its respective suborder. The Lau Basin fauna includes représentatives of ail four of thèse suborders and therefore represents the most diverse cirriped fauna of any known hydrothermal vent community. Keywords. — Mesozoic relies, hydrothermal vents, center of diversity. Un nouveau cirripède sessile (Cirripedia, Brachylepadomorpha) de l'arc postérieur du bassin de Lau, Tonga; première observation d'un représentant vivant de ce groupe non signalé depuis le Miocène Résumé. — Un représentant actuel des Brachylepadomorpha, Neobrachylepas relica, n. gen., n. sp., a été découvert dans les sources hydrothermales du bassin de Lau. Le sous-ordre, comprenant les cirripèdes les plus anciens, est apparu au Jurassique.
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin. a Reader's Guide
    OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES No. 155 February 12, 2009 DARWIN A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin DARWIN: A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin California Academy of Sciences California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, California, USA 2009 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Alan E. Leviton, Ph.D., Editor Hallie Brignall, M.A., Managing Editor Gary C. Williams, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michael T. Ghiselin, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michele L. Aldrich, Ph.D., Consulting Editor Copyright © 2009 by the California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISSN 0068-5461 Printed in the United States of America Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 Table of Contents Preface and acknowledgments . .5 Introduction . .7 Darwin’s Life and Works . .9 Journal of Researches (1839) . .11 Geological Observations on South America (1846) . .13 The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842) . .14 Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands…. (1844) . .14 A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia, With Figures of All the Species…. (1852-1855) . .15 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) . .16 On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, and on the Good Effects of Intercrossing (1863) . .23 The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (1877) .
    [Show full text]
  • Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms from WebsterS Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged  2002
    A Dictionary of Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms from Websters Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged 2002 Websters Third New International Dictionary is now online visit www.Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com for a 14-day free trial www.merriam-webster.com www.wordcentral.com Abbreviations in This Work The abbreviations in this list are regularized to one style without periods, although they may appear with periods in context, depending on whether printed in roman type or italics. abl ablative MD Middle Dutch acc accusative ME Middle English act active med medicine adj adjective MF Middle French adv adverb MGk Middle Greek AF Anglo-French MHG Middle High German Alb Albanian MIr Middle Irish alter alteration ML Medieval Latin anat anatomy modif modification aor aorist n noun Arm Armenian neut neuter Av Avestan NL New Latin biol biology nom nominative bot botany n pl noun plural cgs centimeter-gram-second obs obsolete chem chemistry OE Old English comb. form combining form OF Old French conj conjunction OFris Old Frisian contr contraction OHG Old High German crystallog crystallography OIr Old Irish D Dutch OL Old Latin Dan Danish ON Old Norse dat dative OPer Old Persian dial dialect OProv Ool Proven3al dim diminutive OPruss Old Prussian E English orig originally esp especially OS Old Saxon F French OScan Old Scandinavian fem feminine OSlav Old Slavic fr from OW Old Welsh freq frequentative part participle fut future perh perhaps G German pers person gen genitive Pg Portuguese geol geology pl plural Gk Greek prep preposition
    [Show full text]
  • General Science
    A M K RESOURCE WORLD GENERAL SCIENCE www.amkresourceinfo.com General Science IMPORTANT ELEMENTS AND TERMS OF CHEMISTRY . Acids: These are the chemicals that produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) or a proton in solutions. Adhesive: A substance that sticks two surfaces together. Aerated: Water that has had air (oxygen) blown through it. Aerosol: Very small solid particles suspended in air. Air pollution: Contamination of the atmosphere caused by the discharge, accidental or deliberate, of a wide range of toxic substances. Alkali: A base which is soluble in water. Alloy: It is metal prepared by adding other metals or non-metals to obtain desired properties. Amino acids: The organic acids which are constituents of all proteins in living organism. Ammonium chloride: It is a white, soluble, crystalline salt, used in dry cells. Ammonium nitrate: It is a colourless, crystalline salt, used in some explosives. Antacids: Substances used to reduce the pH of stomach juices and, therefore, relive indigestion. Anodizing: It is a process of coating aluminium oxide, or alumina, using electrolysis, it makes the surface more resistance to corrosion. Antibiotic: These are medicinal compounds producedsd by moulds and bacteria, capable of destroying or preventing the growth of bacteria in animal system. Antiseptic: It prevents infections, decay and inhibits the action of microorganism. Aromatic compounds: These are organic compounds like benzene which have a strong smell . Argon: It is a colourless gas which has no smell. Arsenic: It is poisonous metallic element. 1 www.amkresourceinfo.com A M K RESOURCE WORLD GENERAL SCIENCE . Asbestos: It is a useful variety of a rock-forming mineral which is fibrous, very heat- resistant and chemically inert.
    [Show full text]
  • SOMA Newsletter
    Society of Medical Arthropodology SOMA Newsletter SOMA Newslett. Vol. 1 No. 1 June 1, 2020 pp. 1- 27 SOCIETY OF MEDICAL ARTHROPODOLOGY: PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES, AND THE SCIENCE OF MEDICAL ARTHROPODOLOGY Prof. Dr B.K. Tyagi President SOMA & Advisor, SpoRIC, VIT Univ., Vellore, TN, India Email: [email protected] This is an irony that even after more-than-a century of birth the science of medical arthropodology continues to be appreciated and taught in universities all over the world under a wider umbrella of globally recognized discipline of Medical Entomology, albeit the latter being only a branch of the mother science, Medical Arthropodology which comprises, besides medical entomology, also medical acariology, medical myriapodology and medical carcinology. Despite the fact that vectors of human and animal diseases and pests of varied distresses are distributed among all four major classes of Arthropoda, it is however generally the discipline of medical entomology which grabs the centerstage of attention in both university and medical college syllabi, and the non-insectan arthropods such as mites and ticks (medical acariology), which are often serious disease transmitters, are but marginally explained. Medical arthropodology, the mother science at the phylum level, originated when Manson (1878), serving as a medical officer in Taiwan, first hypothesized about the relationship between human lymphatic filariasis and the mosquito, Culex pipiens, giving per se birth to the great science of ‘medical entomology’. Sooner Ross (1897; Tyagi et al., 2020), while serving in British India Medical Service in Secunderabad, discovered for the first time the inextricable link between mosquito (possibly Anopheles stephensi) and malaria, and Grassi (1898), a renowned scientist and academician in Italy, independently and unequivocally demonstrated that it was anopheline mosquitoes (Anopheles sacharovi and An.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Head and Its Appendages
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 81, NUMBER 3 MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE INSECT HEAD AND ITS APPENDAGES BY R. E. SNODGRASS Bureau of Entomology (Publication 2971) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOVEMBER 20, 1928 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 81, NUMBER 3 MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE INSECT HEAD AND ITS APPENDAGES BY R. E. SNODGRASS Bureau of Entomology S*^li(^,5"^' [is: w. 'o^P^ ik7l Zl (Publication 2971) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOVEMBER 20, 1928 BALTIMOriE, MD., V. S. A. MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE INSECT HEAD AND ITS APPENDAGES By R. E. SNODGRASS Bureau of Entomology CONTEXTS PACK Introduction 2 I. Evolution of tlie arthropod head 2 Cephalization 3 Development of the body iit segmented animals 12 The protocephalon 19 The definitive arthropod head 27 II. General structure of the insect head 33 The head capsule 34 The labrum and epipharynx 41 The stomodeum 42 The hypopharynx 45 The tentorium 50 III. The head appendages 56 The antennae 57 The postantennal appendages 59 The gnathal appendages 60 The mandibles 62 The first maxillae 74 The second maxillae 77 Morphology of the gnathal appendages 79 IV. Summary of important points 9° V. The head of a grasshopper 94 Structure of the cranium 95 The antennae 99 The mandibles ^0° The maxillae 102 The labium 106 The preoral cavity and the hypopharynx 107 The stomodeum 112 The mechanism for moving the head 118 VI. Special modifications in the structure of the head 120 Modifications in the fronto-clypeal region 120 Modifications in the posterior ventral region of the head 125 VII.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustaceans from Antipatharians on Banks of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 457: 45–54Crustaceans (2014) from antipatharians on banks of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico 45 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.457.6280 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Crustaceans from antipatharians on banks of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico Mary K. Wicksten1, Marissa F. Nuttall2, Emma L. Hickerson2 1 Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas U.S.A. 77843-3258 2 Flower Gardens Banks Natio- nal Marine Sanctuary, 4700 Avenue U, Galveston, Texas 77551 U.S.A. Corresponding author: Mary K. Wicksten ([email protected]) Academic editor: I.S. Wehrtmann | Received 19 September 2013 | Accepted 13 January 2014 | Published 25 November 2014 http://zoobank.org/AFC34B87-FAED-44B8-BD24-14B0604259AB Citation: Wicksten MK, Nuttall MF, Hickerson EL (2014) Crustaceans from antipatharians on banks of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 45–54. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.457.6280 Abstract The stalked barnacle Oxynaspis gracilis, the chirostylid squat lobster Uroptychus sp., and the caridean shrimps Periclimenes cf. antipathophilus and Pseudopontonides principis have been collected at 68–124 m by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) on banks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. These species inhabited six species of antipatharian hosts. Pseudopontonides principis, O. gracilis, and U. sp. were not confined to a single host species. Except for O. gracilis, collected by ROV in 2004–2005, these species have not been reported previously in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.
    [Show full text]