Glantz Vol III Companion LATEST.Indd

Contents

List of Maps, Tables, and Illustrations ix Preface xv Selected Abbreviations xix Index Maps xxiii

Appendix 1. Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942– 1 February 1943 1 Appendix 2. Soviet Strategic Planning and the Genesis of Plan Uranus 82 Appendix 3. The Uranus Force and Plan 105 Appendix 4. The Balance of Opposing Forces 126 Appendix 5. The Penetration Battle and Encirclement, 19–23 November 1942 138 Appendix 6. Reducing the Stalingrad Pocket and Forming the Outer Encirclement Front, 24–27 November 1942 189 Appendix 7. Reducing the Stalingrad Pocket and the Outer Encirclement Front, 28–30 November 1942 218 Appendix 8. Competing German and Soviet Dilemmas 251 Appendix 9. The Southwestern Front’s Battles along the Krivaia and Chir Rivers, 1–15 December 1942 279 Appendix 10. The Stalingrad Front’s Defense against Operation Wintergewitter [Winter Tempest], 1–19 December 1942 299 Appendix 11. The Don and Stalingrad Fronts’ Battle for the Stalingrad Pocket, 1–15 December 1942 343 Appendix 12. Operation Little Saturn and the Soviet Tormosin Offensive, 16–31 December 1942 379 Appendix 13. The End of Wintergewitter and Donnerschlag [Thunder Clap] and the Stalingrad Front’s Kotel’nikovo Offensive, 16–31 December 1942 417 Appendix 14. The Stalingrad Pocket, 16–31 December 1942 462 Appendix 15. Sixth Army’s Situation, Preliminaries, and the Don Front’s Plan, 1–9 January 1943 491 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. viii Contents

Appendix 16. Destruction: The First Stage, 10–17 January 1943 504 Appendix 17. Destruction: The Second Stage, 18–25 January 1943 537 Appendix 18. Destruction: The Finale, 26 January–2 February 1943 569 Appendix 19. 62nd Army’s Struggle in Stalingrad City, 19 November 1942–2 February 1943 617 Appendix 20. Conclusions 795 Index to Orders of Battle, Documents, and Tables 809 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Maps, Tables, and Illustrations

Maps 1. Fourth Panzer Army’s situation at 0000 hours on 5 December 1942 302 2. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 12 December 1942 312 3. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 13 December 1942 315 4. General Raus’s perception of the battle at Verkhne-Kumskii, 13 [14–18] December 1942 321 5. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 14 December 1942 327 6. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 15 December 1942 329 7. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 16 December 1942 330 8. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 17 December 1942 332 9. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 18 December 1942 334 10. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 19 December 1942 335 11. The situation in Stalingrad on 1 December 1942 353 12. The situation in Stalingrad on 8 December 1942 367 13. Army Group Hollidt’s (Romanian Third Army’s) situation on 31 December 1942 410 14. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 20 December 1942 432 15. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 21 December 1942 435 16. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 23 December 1942 439 17. The Stalingrad Front’s Kotel’nikovo offensive, 24–31 December 1942 453 18. LVII Panzer Corps’ defense on 25 December 1942 455 19. The Don Front’s operation Kol’tso [Ring], 10 January–2 February 1943 535 20. 21st Army’s operations, 10–12 January 1943 536 21. 21st Army’s operations, 21–25 January 1943 567 22. The Stalingrad pocket [Kessel], 23 January 1943: A German Perspective 568 23. 21st Army’s operations, 26–30 January 1943 610 24. 64th Army’s operations, 10 January–2 February 1943 611 25. 66th Army’s operations, 10–31 January 1943 612 26. 45th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 19 November 1942 618 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. x Maps, Tables, and Illustrations

27. 95th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 19 November 1942 619 28. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 20 November 1942 622 29. 92nd Separate Rifle Brigade’s positions on 21 November 1942 624 30. 45th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 23 November 1942 626 31. 45th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 29 November 1942 628 32. 92nd Separate Rifle Brigade’s positions on 27 November 1942 629 33. 13th Guards Rifle Division’s positions, 27 November– 4 December 1942 630 34. 284th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 14 December 1942 639 35. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 15 December 1942 641 36. 92nd Separate Rifle Brigade’s positions at 2000 hours on 15 December 1942 642 37. 138th Rifle Division’s defenses at 1800 hours on 16 December 1942 644 38. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 19 December 1942 647 39. 138th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 21 December 1942 655 40. The situation in Stalingrad on 22 December 1942 657 41. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 22 December 1942 658 42. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 25 December 1942 664 43. 45th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 25 December 1942 665 44. 45th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 30 December 1942 676 45. The situation in Stalingrad on 2 January 1943 686 46. 156th Fortified Region’s positions at 2000 hours on 2 January 1943 687 47. 284th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 8 January 1943 700 48. 138th Rifle Division’s positions on 11–12 January 1943 709 49. 138th Rifle Division’s actions on 13 January 1943 715 50. 284th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 14 January 1943 719 51. 138th Rifle Division’s positions on 14–16 January 1943 720 52. 138th Rifle Division’s positions at 1900 hours on 20 January 1943 736 53. 284th Rifle Division’s positions on 30–31 January 1943 761 54. 284th Rifle Division’s actions on 2 February 1943 770

Maps, Tables, and Illustrations xi

Photographs (following p. 612) Lieutenant General Vasilii Ivanovich Chuikov Division Commissar Kuz’ma Akimovich Gurov Major General Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov Major General Aleksandr Il’ich Rodimtsev Major General Stepan Savel’evich Gur’ev Colonel Vasilii Akimovich Gorishnyi Colonel Ivan Il’ich Liudnikov, commander of 138th Rifle Division, with his deputy commander for political affairs, N. I. Titov, his chief of staff, V. I. Shuba, and his chief of artillery, S. Ia. Tychinsky Colonel Nikolai Filippovich Batiuk, commander of 284th Rifle Division, in his command bunker

(following p. 774) Stalingrad (Volgograd today) from the Volga River westward toward the Factory district (Krasnyi Oktiabr’ sector) Stalingrad from the Volga River westward toward the Factory district (Tractor Factory sector) Ruins in the Factory district Ruins of dugouts on the Volga River’s western bank in the Factory district Houses Nos. 77 and 78 on Lenin Prospect (on Liudnikov’s island) Entrance to a house on Lenin Prospect (on Liudnikov’s island) Ruins of the Rote Haus [Red House], the headquarters of Colonel Liudnikov’s 138th Rifle Division Ruins of the Kommissarhaus [Commissar House] (on Luidnikov’s island) The infamous fuel tanks southeast of the Barrikady factory Southward along the railroad west of the Krasnyi Oktiabr’ factory toward Mamaev Kurgan, with the victory monument in the distance Westward from the Volga River toward Mamaev Kurgan and the postwar monument to victory Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan eastward toward the Volga River Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan northward across the Bannyi ravine toward the Factory district (Krasnyi Oktiabr’) Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan westward toward Hill 112.0 and Stalingradskii Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan southeastward across the Dolgii and Krutoi ravines toward the northern part of the city center The ruins of Pavlov’s house on the eastern side of the 9th of January Square, with the inscription “Feats of arms and labor mingled together in this house.” “We stood up for your native Stalingrad!” © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. xii Maps, Tables, and Illustrations

The ruins of the Mill building (Lieutenant Zabolotnyi’s house) next to Pavlov’s house Stalingrad’s Railroad Station No. 1 The front of the Univermag [department store] on the Square of Fallen Heroes, in whose basement Field Marshal von Paulus surrendered The entrance to Field Marshal Paulus’s headquarters in the basement of the Univermag The Theater on the 1st of May Square The landing stage on the Volga’s western bank in central Stalingrad (now east of the Avenue of Heroes) Eastward to the Volga River from the Square of Fallen Heroes Southeastward from Pushkinskaia and Krasnoznamennskaia streets along the Tsaritsa River valley to the Volga River The grain elevator in southern Stalingrad from the southwest Inside the top floor of the grain elevator From the grain elevator southward toward the El’shanka River and El’shanka From the grain elevator eastward toward the Volga River From the grain elevator northeastward toward the Tsaritsa River (the tall building with cranes on top on the left side) General Paulus’s headquarters in Golubinskaia From Paulus’s headquarters toward the Golubaia River A German cemetery at Bol’shaia Rossoshka A German war memorial near Peschanka

Tables 1. The Distribution of Replacement Personnel and Weapons Sent to the Red Army’s Operating Fronts during the Period from 1 October to 20 November 1942 126 2. The Strength of the Soviet Fronts Conducting the Stalingrad Counteroffensive (Operation Uranus) 127 3. The Soviet View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 1956—Overall 129 4. The Soviet View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 1961—Overall 130 5. The Soviet View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 1965—Overall 131 6. The Soviet View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 1983—Overall 132 7. The Russian View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 1998—Overall 134 8. The Russian View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 2005—Overall 134 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Maps, Tables, and Illustrations xiii

9. The Russian View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 2005—Main Axes 135 10. The Russian View on the Correlation of Opposing Forces in Operation Uranus, 2008—Main Axes and Overall 136 11. The 28th Army’s Personnel and Equipment Losses, 20–30 November 1942 244 12. Soviet Air Force Daily Air Sorties by Type and Comparative Aircraft Losses, 15–30 November 1942 244 13. The Comparative Mobility of German Sixth Army’s Divisions on 16 November and 15 December 1942 251 14. The Relative Mobility of German Sixth Army’s Combat Battalions and Artillery Batteries on 16 November and 15 December 1942 253 15. The Combat Ratings of Sixth Army’s Mobile Divisions on 15 December and the Tank Strengths on 26–28 November 1942 253 16. German Sixth Army’s Daily Reports of Air Landings for Aerial Resupply 257 17. Opposing Forces in the Don Front’s Offensive against Sixth Army’s Stalingrad Pocket on 4 and 5 December 1942 358 18. Casualty Rates in Selected Divisions of Sixth Army, 12–15 December 375 19. The Combat Strength of Selected Divisions, Regiments, and Battalions in Sixth Army in Mid-December 1942 375 20. Soviet Assessments of the Correlation of Forces in the Southwestern Front’s Main Attack Sectors of Operation Little Saturn, 16 December 1942 386 21. Reinforcements Reaching Italian Eighth Army and Army Group Hollidt, 16–23 December 1942 387 22. The Daily Log of Sixth Army’s Wounded Soldiers Listed by Division and Rank from 22 December 1942 through 30 January 1943 472 23. Casualty Rates in Selected Divisions of Sixth Army, 16–31 December 1942 483 24. Casualty Rates in Sixth Army and XIV Panzer and XI Army Corps, 16–31 December 1942 485 25. Non-Combat Casualties Suffered by Sixth Army from 19 through 31 December 1942 486 26. Sixth Army’s and Army Group Don’s Records of Aircraft Employed and Tonnage Delivered in the Aerial Supply of Sixth Army, 16–31 December 1942 487 27. The Reorganization of the Defenses on Sixth Army’s Western Front, 30 December 1942–9 January 1943 492 28. The Reorganization of the Defenses on Sixth Army’s Southern Front, 30 December 1942–9 January 1943 493 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. xiv Maps, Tables, and Illustrations

29. Sixth Army’s Armor Strength from 28 December 1942 through 9 January 1943 494 30. Sixth Army’s Antitank Gun Strength [Paklage] from 18 December 1942 through 9 January 1943 495 31. Records of Aircraft Employed and Tonnage Delivered in the Aerial Supply of Sixth Army, 1–9 January 1943 496 32. The Casualty Rates in Sixth Army and Selective Subordinate Corps, 1–9 January1943 499 33. The Impact of Attrition on the Combat Strength of LI Army Corps’ Infantry Divisions Fighting in Stalingrad City, 17 December 1942–9 January 1943 500 34. Sixth Army’s Non-Combat Casualties, 1–9 January 1943 501 35. The Strength of the Don Front’s Tank Forces at 2200 hours on 9 January 1943 502 36. The Don Front’s Employment of Fortified Regions to Economize on Forces in Operation Ring 503 37. Records of Aircraft Employed and Tonnage Delivered in the Aerial Supply of Sixth Army, 10 January–3 February 1943 542 38. 156th Fortified Region’s Losses 601 39. The Don Front’s Armies, Divisions, and Brigades Granted “Guards” Status, January–May 1943 604 40. The Re-Creation of Sixth Army and Sixth Army’s Corps and Divisions Destroyed at Stalingrad 606 41. The Personnel Losses of the Don Front from 10–15 January 1943 606 42. The Personnel Losses of the Don Front from 20–30 January 1943 607 43. The Don Front’s Tank Strength at 2200 hours on 22 January 1943 607 44. The Don Front’s Tank Strength at 2200 hours on 2 February 1943 608 45. 156th FR, Information about the Employment of Weapons in Combat 695 46. Red Army Personnel Losses during the Stalingrad Strategic Offensive, Operation Uranus, 19 November 1942–2 February 1943 804 47. Personnel Losses of Axis Forces during the Stalingrad Strategic Offensive, Operation Uranus, 19 November 1942–2 February 1943 805 48. Red Army Losses of Weapons and Military Equipment during the Stalingrad Strategic Offensive, Operation Uranus, 19 November 1942–2 February 1943 806 49. Operational Tanks in Army Group B at the Beginning of the Uranus Counteroffensive 806 50. Operational Tanks in Forces Reinforcing Army Group Don in December 1942 and January 1943 807 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Preface

This Companion to Endgame at Stalingrad contains the archival evidence necessary to substantiate the judgments and conclusions the authors reach in volume three of the Stalingrad trilogy. Entitled Endgame in Stalingrad: Op- eration Uranus, the Death of German Sixth Army, and the Expanding Soviet Offensive, November 1942–February 1943, this volume examines the planning and conduct of Soviet Operation Uranus and the encirclement of Ger- man Sixth Army, Soviet thwarting of German attempts to rescue or relieve Sixth Army, the Stavka’s expansion of the Uranus offensive to the south and west, and the destruction of Sixth Army. Volumes one and two in this trilogy, which describe and assess Operation Blau, the German advance to Stalingrad from late June through early September 1942, and the ensuing struggle in Stalingrad city, which took place from early September to mid-November 1942, address many unanswered questions and myths, but do so within the confines of their narratives. Volume three, however, is accompanied by a Companion to Endgame at Stalingrad. This Companion is necessary, first and foremost, because unlike the first two volumes in the trilogy, the sheer quantity of unanswered questions and myths addressed in volume three require careful analysis, clarification, or refutation far too extensive to address in a single narrative. Among the many controversies and unanswered questions addressed by this Companion are: 1. Who was responsible for developing the concept for Operation Uranus? 2. Why did the Uranus offensive succeed? 3. Could Sixth Army have escaped encirclement or been rescued? 4. Why did the German relief attempts fail? 5. Who was most responsible for Sixth Army’s defeat? In addition to a wide variety of existing sources, this volume exploits two major categories of documentary materials related to Stalingrad, hitherto unavailable to researchers. The first is extensive records from the combat journal of German Sixth Army, which, for the most part, have been missing since the war’s end, but large portions of which have now been rediscov- ered and published. These are supplemented by translated entries from the war diaries (Kriegstagebüchen or KTB) of German Army Group Don, Army Group Hollidt, and Romanian Third Army, XXXXVIII Panzer Corps, and a © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. xvi Preface variety of smaller German formations. The second category includes a vast amount of newly released Soviet (Russian) archival materials. These consist of excerpts from the Red Army General Staff’s daily operational summaries, a wide variety of Stavka, People’s Commissariat of Defense (NKO), and Red Army General Staff orders and directives, and the daily records of Soviet 62nd Army and its subordinate divisions and brigades for most of the period during which fighting was under way in Stalingrad proper. The Companion itself begins with complete orders of battle for opposing forces at key dates throughout this period. These are followed by appendices containing extensive excerpts from the Red Army General Staff’s daily operational summaries for all periods; complete translations of relevant Soviet and German orders, directives, and correspondence between key military figures of both sides; and verbatim English translations of the many documents upon which I based my judgments and conclusions in regard to these matters. All of these appendices and specific documentary materials parallel chapters in the narrative and are keyed directly to references in the narrative volume. These, along with other detailed evidence in the form of charts and tables, are the substance of the Companion. In short, collectively, these documents offer the evidence necessary for readers to accept, reject, or simply qualify the author’s conclusions. Thus, like the first two volumes, this one offers un- precedented detail and fresh perspectives, interpretations, and evaluations of the later stages of the Stalingrad campaign. Finally, to maintain continuity with volume two in the trilogy, a special appendix in the Companion (Appendix 19) completes volume two’s account of the fighting in Stalingrad city proper by including translations of entries in Soviet 62nd Army’s combat journal, together with entries and maps taken from the combat journals of 62nd Army’s subordinate divisions and brigades. In addition, the Companion concludes with documents from the files of the Soviet NKVD that cast new light on the fate of many soldiers and officers in Sixth Army, and other sources that describe in brief what happened to the formations on both sides that participated in this terrible battle. Most important for this volume, I am personally indebted to two indi- viduals whose keen knowledge of the war and the German language proved indispensable in identifying and translating German accounts of the fighting and documents essential for reaching sound judgments regarding contro- versy and myth. These include the correspondence between Field Marshal von Manstein, the commander of Army Group Don, General Paulus, the commander of Sixth Army, and the OKH; conversations by teletype between Generals Schmidt and Schulz, Paulus’s and Manstein’s respective chiefs of staff; and extensive entries from the KTBs of higher German Army headquarters. © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Preface xvii

The accomplished German military historian Romedio Graf von Thun- Hohenstein generously and selflessly volunteered to critique this volume. He spent countless hours reading and commenting on all aspects of the manu- script, in particular, pointing out errors in fact and interpretation, identifying necessary sources, and pointing out and correcting my frequent mutilations of the German language. Dr. Lothar Zeidler, a veteran of the war who served for over two years in the Wehrmacht’s 168th Infantry Division and was twice wounded, spent countless hours selflessly translating many tens of pages of German documents and sharing with me copious notes and other memora- bilia from the war. Both provided their generous assistance driven by their desires to make this volume as accurate and objective as possible. I deeply appreciate their help. Finally, as with my previous efforts, I lovingly acknowledge the crucial role my wife, Mary Ann Glantz, played in editing and proofing the Companion.

David M. Glantz Carlisle, Pennsylvania © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Selected Abbreviations

German (Axis) Soviet Higher Commands Commands and Forces OKW (Oberkommando der A—army Wehrmacht)—Armed Forces High GA (Gds.A)—guards army Command TA—tank army OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres)— TC—tank corps Army High Command GTC (Gds.TC)—guards tank corps AG (H.Gr.) (Heeresgruppe)—army MC—mechanized corps group GMC (Gds.MC)—guards mechanized A (AOK) (Armeeoberkommando)— corps army RC—rifle corps Pz A—panzer army GRC (Gds.RC)—guards rifle corps Harko (Hoherer Artilleriekommando)— CC—cavalry corps higher artillery command (army GCC (Gds.CC)—guards cavalry corps level) MAC—mixed aviation corps Arko (Artilleriekommando)—artillery RD—rifle division command RDNKVD—NKVD rifle division AC (A.K.)—army corps GRD (Gds.RD)—guards rife division PzC (Pz.K.)—panzer corps CD—cavalry division D (Div.)—division GCD (Gds.CD)—guards cavalry ID (I.D.) (J.D.)—infantry division division PzD (Pz.D.)—panzer division AAD—assault aviation division ID (JD)(mot)—motorized division BAD—bomber aviation division MotD (Mot. D.)—motorized division NBAD—night bomber aviation division CavD (K.D.)—cavalry division FAD—fighter aviation division MtnD—mountain division MAD—mixed aviation division Sec. D—security division FR—fortified region LFD—Luftwaffe field division RB—rifle brigade Br.—brigade TB—tank brigade IB (Inf.B)—infantry brigade GTB (Gds.TB)—guards tank brigade MotB—motorized brigade MB—mechanized brigade PzB—panzer brigade MRB—motorized rifle brigade Rgt. (R)—regiment NRB—naval rifle brigade Sec.R—security regiment DB—destroyer brigade AR—artillery regiment RR—rifle regiment IR—infantry regiment GRR (Gds.RR)—guards rifle regiment PzR—panzer regiment TR—tank regiment © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. xx Selected Abbreviations

German (Axis) (continued) Soviet (continued) PzGR (Pz.Gren.R)—panzer- GTR (Gds.TR)—guards tank regiment grenadier regiment AR—artillery regiment EngR—engineer regiment Gds.AR—guards artillery regiment MotR—motorized regiment ATR—antitank regiment MtrcR—motorcycle regiment TDR—tank destroyer (antitank) Bn (Btl.)—battalion artillery regiment PzBn—panzer battalion AAR—assault aviation regiment MotBn—motorized battalion BAR—bomber aviation regiment InfBn—infantry battalion MAR—mixed aviation regiment EngBn—engineer battalion RAR—reconnaissance aviation regiment MG Bn—machine gun battalion CAR—corps artillery regiment Co. (kp.)—company GAR—gun artillery regiment Btry (battr.)—battery HAR—howitzer artillery regiment G-MR (Gds.-MR)—guards mortar Miscellaneous (multiple-rocket launcher or Abt. (abteilung)—detachment or Katiusha) regiment battalion MtrR—mortar regiment A.A.—reconnaissance abteilung MRR—motorized rifle regiment Pz. A.A.—panzer reconnaissance CR—cavalry regiment abteilung GCR (Gds.CR)—guards cavalry Abschnitt—section or sector regiment Aufkl. (Aufklarung)—reconnaissance RAS—reconnaissance aviation squadron Gp. (Gruppe)—group RBn—rifle battalion HKL—front lines (hauptkampflinie or TBn—tank battalion main combat line) AABn—antiaircraft artillery battalion Inf.—infantry ATBn—antitank battalion Kpfgp. (Kgr.)—kampfgruppe [combat MG-Arty Bn (MGArtyBn)—machine group] gun–artillery battalion mot.—motorized G-MBn (Gds.-MBn)—guards mortar Flak (fugabwehrkanone)—antiaircraft battalion guns Sep.ArmdCarBn—separate armored car Jg (Jäg) (Jäger)—light battalion i. G.—in the General Staff ArmdTrainBn—armored train battalion Pak (panzerabwehrkanone)—antitank Co—company gun Btry—battery Pi—Pioneer (engineer) Pkw (personenkraftwagon)—personnel Miscellaneous carrier AA—antiaircraft Pz.Jg. (panzerjäger)—antitank unit Arty—artillery St.G. (Stu.Gesch.) (stürmgeschutz)— AT—antitank assault gun Cav.—cavalry IG (infanteriegeschutz)—infantry gun CP—command post v.—von DAG—division artillery group z.b.V.—temporarily formed DD—long-range artillery group © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Selected Abbreviations xxi

German (Axis) (continued) Soviet (continued) (R) (r. or ru.)—Romanian Det.—detachment (I)—Italian FD—forward detachment (H)—Hungarian G (Gds.) as a prefix with any (G)—German abbreviation—guards Gp.—group MTF—motor tractor factory MTS—motor tractor station OP—observation post PVO—antiaircraft defense RAG—regimental artillery group Res.—reserve RVGK—Reserve of the Stavka of the Supreme High Command Sep.—separate SF—state farm © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Index Map 1. The Serafimovich and Kletskaia regions Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of thePress. without permission prohibited and distribution Reproduction © UniversityPressofKansas.Allrightsreserved. © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Index Map 2. The Kletskaia and Sirotinskaia regions Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of thePress. without permission prohibited and distribution Reproduction © UniversityPressofKansas.Allrightsreserved.

Index Map 4. The Stalingrad and Aksai regions Index Map 5. The Aksai and Kotel’nikovo regions Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of thePress. without permission prohibited and distribution Reproduction © UniversityPressofKansas.Allrightsreserved. © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

APPENDIX 1 Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943

SOVIET A. The Organization of the Voronezh, Southwestern, Don, and Stalingrad Fronts, 20 November 1942 (from north to south)

Voronezh Front—Colonel General F. I. Golikov 38th Army—Lieutenant General N. E. Chibisov 161st, 167th, 237th, 240th, and 340th Rifle Divisions 104th and 248th Rifle Brigades 7th Separate Destroyer Brigade 96th and 150th Tank Brigades 60th Army—Colonel General I. D. Cherniakhovsky 107th, 121st, 232nd, 303rd, and 305th Rifle Divisions 14th Separate Destroyer Brigade 180th Tank Brigade 475th and 476th Separate Tank Battalions 40th Army—Colonel General K. S. Moskalenko 100th, 141st, and 206th Rifle Divisions 8th and 16th Separate Destroyer Brigades 14th Tank Brigade 44th Separate Armored Train Battalion 6th Army—Lieutenant General F. M. Kharitonov 25th Guards and 127th, 160th, 219th, 270th, and 309th Rifle Divisions 1st Destroyer Division 1st and 2nd Destroyer Brigades 6th and 10th Separate Destroyer Brigades 115th and 116th Tank Brigades 26th and 34th Separate Armored Train Battalions 2nd Air Army (left under Voronezh Front control) 244th Bomber Aviation Division 878th Mixed Aviation Regiment Front Forces: 253rd Rifle Brigade © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

2 APPENDIX 1

25th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces P. P. Pavlov 111th, 162nd, and 175th Tank Brigades 16th Motorized Rifle Brigade 86th Tank Brigade 53rd Separate Motorcycle Battalion

Southwestern Front—Colonel General N. F. Vatutin 1st Guards Army—Lieutenant General D.D. Leliushenko 1st, 153rd, 197th, 203rd, 266th, and 278th Rifle Divisions 1st Guards Mechanized Corps—Major General I. N. Russianov 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Guards Mechanized Brigades 16th and 17th Guards Tank Regiments 22nd Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade 5th Tank Army—Major General P. L. Romanenko 14th, 47th, and 50th Guards and 119th, 159th, and 346th Rifle Divisions 1st Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces V. V. Butkov 89th, 117th, and 159th Tank Brigades 44th Motorized Rifle Brigade 26th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Rodin 19th, 157th, and 216th Tank Brigades 14th Motorized Rifle Brigade 8th Cavalry Corps—Major General M. D. Borisov 21st, 55th, and 112th Cavalry Divisions 8th Guards Tank Brigade 8th Motorcycle Regiment 510th and 511th Tank Battalions 21st Army—Lieutenant General I. M. Chistiakov 63rd, 76th, 96th, 277th, 293rd, and 333rd Rifle Divisions 4th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Kravchenko 45th, 69th, and 102nd Tank Brigades 4th Motorized Rifle Brigade 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps—Major General I. A. Pliev 5th and 6th Guards and 32nd Cavalry Divisions 5th Separate Destroyer Brigade 1st, 21st, 60th, and 99th Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 1st, 2nd, and 4th Guards Separate Tank Regiments 17th Air Army—Lieutenant General of Aviation S. A. Krasovsky 1st Mixed Aviation Corps—Major General of Aviation V. I. Shevchenko 267th Assault Aviation Division © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 3

288th Fighter Aviation Division 221st Bomber Aviation Division 262nd Night Bomber Aviation Division 282nd Fighter Aviation Division 208th and 637th Assault Aviation Divisions 10th Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron 331st Separate Bomber Aviation Squadron 2nd Air Army (from the Voronezh Front)—Major General of Aviation K. N. Smirnov 205th and 207th Fighter Aviation Divisions 208th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 227th Assault Aviation Division 50th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment 324th Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron Front Forces: None

Don Front—Colonel General K. K. Rokossovsky 24th Army—Lieutenant General I. V. Galanin 49th, 84th, 120th, 173rd, 214th, 233rd, 260th, 273rd, and 298th Rifle Divisions 54th Fortified Region 58th and 61st Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 16th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Maslov 107th, 109th, and 164th Tank Brigades 16th Motorized Rifle Brigade 10th Tank Brigade 134th, 224th, and 229th Separate Armored Car Battalions 65th Army—Lieutenant General P. I. Batov 4th, 27th, and 40th Guards and 23rd, 24th, 252nd, 258th, 304th, and 321st Rifle Divisions 59th and 64th Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 91st and 121st Tank Brigades 59th Separate Armored Train Battalion 66th Army—Lieutenant General A. S. Zhadov 64th, 99th, 116th, 226th, 299th, and 343rd Rifle Divisions 63rd Separate Antitank Rifle Battalion 58th Tank Brigade 16th Air Army—Major General of Aviation S. I. Rudenko 220th and 283rd Fighter Aviation Divisions 228th and 291st Assault Aviation Divisions 271st Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 10th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment 325th Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

4 APPENDIX 1

Front Forces: 159th Fortified Region 65th, 66th, 97th, 98th, 99th, 100th, 101st, and 102nd Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 64th and 148th Tank Brigades 39th, 40th, and 377th Antiaircraft Armored Train Battalions

Stalingrad Front—Colonel General A. I. Eremenko 62nd Army—Lieutenant General V. I. Chuikov 13th, 37th, and 39th Guards and 45th, 95th, 112th, 138th, 193rd, 284th, and 308th Rifle Divisions 42nd, 92nd, 115th, 124th, 149th, and 160th Rifle Brigades 84th Tank Brigade 506th Separate Tank Battalion (235th Tank Brigade) 64th Army—Lieutenant General M. S. Shumilov 7th Rifle Corps—Major General S. G. Goriachev 93rd, 96th, and 97th Rifle Brigades 36th Guards and 29th, 38th, 157th, and 204th Rifle Divisions 66th and 154th Naval Rifle Brigades 20th Destroyer Brigade Composite Student Regiment of the Vinnitsa Infantry School 118th Fortified Region 13th and 56th Tank Brigades 28th Separate Armored Train Battalion 51st Army—Major General N. I. Trufanov 15th Guards and 91st, 126th, and 302nd Rifle Divisions 76th Fortified Region 4th Mechanized Corps—Major General of Tank Forces V. T. Vol’sky 36th, 59th, and 60th Mechanized Brigades 55th and 158th Tank Regiments 4th Cavalry Corps—Lieutenant General T. T. Shapkin 61st and 81st Cavalry Divisions 38th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade 254th Tank Brigade 57th Army—Lieutenant General F. I. Tolbukhin 169th and 422nd Rifle Divisions 143rd Rifle Brigade 45th, 172nd, and 177th Separate Machine-Gun Artillery Battalion (76th FR) 13th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces T. I. Tanaschishin 17th, 61st, and 62nd Mechanized Brigades © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 5

90th and 235th Tank Brigades 156th Separate Motorcycle Battalion 28th Army—Lieutenant General V. F. Gerasimenko 34th Guards and 248th Rifle Divisions 52nd, 152nd, and 159th Rifle Brigades 78th and 116th Fortified Regions Separate Cavalry Regiment (battalion) 6th Guards Tank Brigade 565th Separate Tank Battalion 35th Separate Armored Car Battalion 30th, 33rd, and 46th Separate Armored Train Battalions 8th Air Army—Major General of Aviation T. T. Kriukin 2nd Mixed Aviation Corps—Major General of Aviation I. T. Eremenko 201st and 235th Fighter Aviation Divisions 214th Assault Aviation Division 206th Assault Aviation Division 226th and 289th Mixed Aviation Divisions 270th Bomber Aviation Division 272nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 268th and 287th Fighter Aviation Divisions 8th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment 23rd, 282nd, 633rd, 655th, and 932nd Mixed Aviation Regiments 678th Transport Aviation Regiment 31st and 32nd Corrective Aviation Squadrons 459th Antiaircraft Artillery Regiment Stalingrad PVO [Anti–Air Defense] Corps Region—Colonel E. A. Rainin to February 1943 73rd Guards and 748th, 1077th, 1079th, 1080th, 1082nd, and 1083rd Antiaircraft Artillery Regiments 82nd, 106th, 188th, and 267th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions 72nd, 122nd, 126th, 132nd, 137th, 141st, 142nd, and 181st Separate Armored Trains (Antiaircraft) 102nd PVO Fighter Aviation Division Volga Military Flotilla—Vice Admiral D. D. Rogachev to February 1943 1st and 2nd Brigades of River Ships Separate Armored Trawlers Front Forces: 300th Rifle Division 77th, 115th, and 156th Fortified Regions 85th Tank Brigade 35th and 166th Separate Tank Regiments © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

6 APPENDIX 1

B. The Organization of the Voronezh, Southwestern, Don, and Stalingrad Fronts, 1 December 1942 (from north to south)

Voronezh Front—Colonel General F. I. Golikov 38th Army—Lieutenant General N. E. Chibisov 161st, 167th, 237th, 240th, and 340th Rifle Divisions 104th and 248th Rifle Brigades 7th Separate Destroyer Brigade 96th and 150th Tank Brigades 60th Army—Colonel General I. D. Cherniakhovsky 100th, 121st, 206th, 232nd, 303rd, and 305th Rifle Divisions 129th Rifle Brigade 8th, 14th, and 16th Separate Destroyer Brigades 14th and 180th Tank Brigades 475th and 476th Separate Tank Battalions 44th Separate Armored Train Battalion 40th Army—Colonel General K. S. Moskalenko 25th Guards and 107th and 141st Rifle Divisions 10th Separate Destroyer Brigade 116th Tank Brigade 26th Separate Armored Train Battalion 6th Army—Lieutenant General F. M. Kharitonov 15th Rifle Corps—Major General P. F. Privalov 127th, 160th, 219th, 270th, and 309th Rifle Divisions 106th Rifle Brigade 1st Destroyer Division 1st and 2nd Destroyer Brigades 6th Separate Destroyer Brigade 17th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces P. P. Poluboiarov 66th, 67th, and 174th Tank Brigades 31st Motorized Rifle Brigade 25th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces P. P. Pavlov 111th, 162nd, and 175th Tank Brigades 16th Motorized Rifle Brigade 115th Tank Brigade 34th Separate Armored Train Battalion Front Forces: 180th Rifle Division 86th, 173rd, and 192nd Tank Brigades 82nd and 212th Separate Tank Regiments 53rd Separate Motorcycle Battalion © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 7

Southwestern Front—Colonel General N. F. Vatutin 1st Guards Army—Lieutenant General D. D. Leliushenko and Lieutenant General V. I. Kuznetsov on 5 December 4th Guards Rifle Corps—Major General N. A. Gagen 35th and 41st Guards and 195th Rifle Divisions 6th Guards Rifle Corps—Colonel E. P. Alferov 38th and 44th Guards and 266th Rifle Divisions 14th Rifle Corps—Major General F. E. Sheverdin 14th Guards and 203rd Rifle Divisions 1st, 153rd, 197th, and 278th Rifle Divisions 1st Guards Mechanized Corps—Major General I. N. Russianov 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Guards Mechanized Brigades 16th and 17th Guards Tank Regiments 22nd Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade 5th Tank Army—Major General P. L. Romanenko 40th, 47th, and 50th Guards and 119th, 159th, 258th, 321st, and 346th Rifle Divisions 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps—Major General I. A. Pliev 5th and 6th Guards and 32nd Cavalry Divisions 8th Cavalry Corps—Major General M. D. Borisov 21st, 55th, and 112th Cavalry Divisions 1st Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces V. V. Butkov 89th, 117th, and 159th Tank Brigades 44th Motorized Rifle Brigade 8th Guards and 216th Tank Brigades 510th and 511th Separate Tank Battalions 8th Motorcycle Regiment 56th Separate Motorcycle Battalion 45th Separate Armored Car Battalion 17th Air Army—Lieutenant General of Aviation S. A. Krasovsky 1st Mixed Aviation Corps—Major General of Aviation V. I. Shevchenko 267th Assault Aviation Division 288th Fighter Aviation Division 221st Bomber Aviation Division 262nd Night Bomber Aviation Division 282nd Fighter Aviation Division 208th and 637th Assault Aviation Divisions 282nd Mixed Aviation Regiment 371st Light Bomber Aviation Regiment 10th Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron 34th and 45th Corrective Aviation Squadrons © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

8 APPENDIX 1

2nd Air Army—Major General of Aviation K. N. Smirnov 205th Fighter Aviation Division 208th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 227th Assault Aviation Division 50th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment 878th Mixed Aviation Regiment 324th Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron 207th Fighter Aviation Division (forming) Front Forces: 94th Rifle Brigade 5th Mechanized Corps—Major General M. V. Volkov 45th, 49th, and 50th Mechanized Brigades 168th and 188th Separate Tank Regiments 18th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces B. S. Bakharov 110th, 170th, and 181st Tank Brigades 32nd Motorized Rifle Brigade 52nd Separate Motorcycle Battalion

Don Front—Colonel General K. K. Rokossovsky 21st Army—Lieutenant General I. M. Chistiakov 51st and 52nd Guards and 51st, 96th, 277th, and 293rd Rifle Divisions 4th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Kravchenko 45th, 69th, and 102nd Tank Brigades 4th Motorized Rifle Brigade 26th Tank Corps (1st Guards Tank Corps on 8 December)— Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Rodin 19th, 157th, and 216th Tank Brigades 14th Motorized Rifle Brigade 1st, 2nd, and 4th Guards Separate Tank Regiments 24th Army—Lieutenant General I. V. Galanin 49th, 84th, 120th, 173rd, 214th, 233rd, 260th, 273rd, and 298th Rifle Divisions 54th Fortified Region 16th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Maslov 107th, 109th, and 164th Tank Brigades 16th Motorized Rifle Brigade 10th Tank Brigade 8th and 9th Guards Separate Tank Regiments 65th Army—Lieutenant General P. I. Batov 27th Guards and 23rd, 24th, 252nd, and 304th Rifle Divisions 91st and 121st Tank Brigades © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 9

66th Army—Lieutenant General A. S. Zhadov 64th, 99th, 116th, 226th, 299th, and 343rd Rifle Divisions 58th Tank Brigade 7th Guards Separate Tank Regiment 16th Air Army—Major General of Aviation S. I. Rudenko 220th and 283rd Fighter Aviation Divisions 228th and 291st Assault Aviation Divisions 271st Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 325th Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron Front Forces: 4th Guards and 333rd Rifle Divisions 159th Fortified Region 64th and 148th Tank Brigades 5th and 6th Guards Separate Tank Regiments 39th, 40th, and 59th Armored Train Battalions 377th Antiaircraft Armored Train Battalion

Stalingrad Front—Colonel General A. I. Eremenko 62nd Army—Lieutenant General V. I. Chuikov 13th, 37th, and 39th Guards and 45th, 95th, 112th, 138th, 193rd, 284th, and 308th Rifle Divisions 42nd, 92nd, 115th, 124th, 149th, and 160th Rifle Brigades 84th Tank Brigade 64th Army—Lieutenant General M. S. Shumilov 7th Rifle Corps—Major General S. G. Goriachev 93rd, 96th, and 97th Rifle Brigades 29th, 38th, 157th, and 204th Rifle Divisions 66th and 154th Naval Rifle Brigades 20th Destroyer Brigade Separate Rifle Regiment (battalion) 56th and 235th Tank Brigades 38th Motorized Rifle Brigade 165th Separate Tank Regiment 28th Separate Armored Train Battalion 51st Army—Major General N. I. Trufanov 91st, 126th, 300th, 302nd, and 315th Rifle Divisions 4th Cavalry Corps—Lieutenant General T. T. Shapkin 61st and 81st Cavalry Divisions 76th Fortified Region 85th and 254th Tank Brigades 57th Army—Lieutenant General F. I. Tolbukhin 15th and 36th Guards and 169th and 422nd Rifle Divisions 143rd Rifle Brigade © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

10 APPENDIX 1

45th, 172nd, and 177th Separate Machine-Gun Artillery Battalions (76th FR) 4th Mechanized Corps—Major General of Tank Forces V. T. Vol’sky 36th, 59th, and 60th Mechanized Brigades 55th and 158th Tank Regiments 13th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces T. I. Tanaschishin 17th, 61st, and 62nd Mechanized Brigades 13th Tank Brigade 90th Tank Brigades 35th Separate Tank Regiment 44th Separate Armored Car Battalion 28th Army—Lieutenant General V. F. Gerasimenko 34th Guards and 248th Rifle Divisions 52nd, 152nd, and 159th Rifle Brigades 78th and 116th Fortified Regions Separate Cavalry Regiment (battalion) 6th Guards Tank Brigade 565th Separate Tank Battalion 35th Separate Armored Car Battalion 30th, 33rd, and 46th Separate Armored Train Battalions 8th Air Army—Major General of Aviation T. T. Kriukin 206th and 226th Assault Aviation Divisions 268th and 287th Fighter Aviation Divisions 270th Bomber Aviation Division 272nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 289th Mixed Aviation Division 8th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment 633rd, 655th, and 932nd Mixed Aviation Regiments 678th Transport Aviation Regiment Front Forces: 87th Rifle Division 77th, 115th, and 156th Fortified Regions 41st and 234th Separate Tank Regiments

C. The Organization of the Voronezh, Southwestern, Don, and Stalingrad Fronts, 15 December 1942 (from north to south)

Voronezh Front—Colonel General F. I. Golikov 38th Army—Lieutenant General N. E. Chibisov 161st, 167th, 237th, 240th, and 340th Rifle Divisions 104th and 248th Rifle Brigades © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 11

7th Separate Destroyer Brigade 96th and 150th Tank Brigades 60th Army—Colonel General I. D. Cherniakhovsky 107th, 121st, 232nd, 303rd, and 305th Rifle Divisions 14th Separate Destroyer Brigade 180th Tank Brigade 475th and 476th Separate Tank Battalions 40th Army—Colonel General K. S. Moskalenko 100th, 141st, and 206th Rifle Divisions 8th and 16th Separate Destroyer Brigades 14th Tank Brigade 44th Separate Armored Train Battalion 2nd Air Army (left under Voronezh Front control) 244th Bomber Aviation Division 878th Mixed Aviation Regiment Front Forces: 253rd Rifle Brigade 25th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces P. P. Pavlov 111th, 162nd, and 175th Tank Brigades 16th Motorized Rifle Brigade 86th Tank Brigade 53rd Separate Motorcycle Battalion

Southwestern Front—Colonel General N. F. Vatutin 6th Army—Lieutenant General F. M. Kharitonov 15th Rifle Corps—Major General P. F. Privalov 172nd, 267th, and 350th Rifle Divisions 127th and 160th Rifle Divisions 106th Rifle Brigade 1st Destroyer Brigade 17th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces P. P. Poluboiarov 66th, 67th, and 175th Tank Brigades 31st Motorized Rifle Brigade 115th Tank Brigade 82nd and 112th Separate Tank Regiments 1st Guards Army—Lieutenant General V. I. Kuznetsov 4th Guards Rifle Corps—Major General N. A. Gagen 35th and 41st Guards and 195th Rifle Divisions 6th Guards Rifle Corps—Colonel (Major General on 31 December) E. P. Alferov 38th and 44th Guards and 1st Rifle Divisions 153rd Rifle Division © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

12 APPENDIX 1

62nd, 93rd, 94th, and 95th Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 18th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces B. S. Bakharov 110th, 170th, and 181st Tank Brigades 32nd Motorized Rifle Brigade 24th (2nd Guards on 26 December) Tank Corps—Major General (Lieutenant General on 26 December) of Tank Forces V. M. Badanov 4th Guards and 54th and 130th Tank Brigades 24th Motorized Rifle Brigade 25th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces P. P. Pavlov 111th, 162nd, and 175th Tank Brigades 16th Motorized Rifle Brigade 126th and 141st Separate Tank Regiments 52nd and 53rd Separate Motorcycle Battalions 3rd Guards Army—Lieutenant General D. D. Leliushenko 14th Rifle Corps—Major General F. E. Sheverdin and Major General A. S. Griaznov on 21 December 14th and 50th Guards and 159th Rifle Divisions 197th, 203rd, 266th, and 278th Rifle Divisions 90th and 94th Rifle Brigades 1st Guards Mechanized Corps—Major General I. N. Russianov 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Guards Mechanized Brigades 16th and 17th Guards Tank Regiments 22nd Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade 114th, 119th, and 243rd Separate Tank Regiments 50th and 54th Separate Motorcycle Battalions 5th Tank Army—Lieutenant General P. L. Romanenko and Lieutenant General M. M. Popov on 28 December 40th and 47th Guards and 119th, 321st, 333rd, and 346th Rifle Divisions 8th Cavalry Corps—Major General M. D. Borisov 21st, 55th, and 112th Cavalry Divisions 1st Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces V. V. Butkov 89th, 117th, and 159th Tank Brigades 44th Motorized Rifle Brigade 5th Mechanized Corps—Major General M. V. Volkov 45th, 49th, and 50th Mechanized Brigades 168th and 188th Tank Regiments 15th Guards Tank Brigade (1st Guards Tank Corps) 8th Guards Tank Brigade 8th Motorcycle Regiment 510th and 511th Tank Battalions 64th Separate Motorcycle Battalion © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 13

17th Air Army—Lieutenant General of Aviation S. A. Krasovsky 1st Mixed Aviation Corps—Major General of Aviation V. I. Shevchenko 267th Assault Aviation Division 288th Fighter Aviation Division 3rd Mixed Aviation Corps—Major General of Aviation V. I. Aladinsky 202nd Bomber Aviation Division 290th Assault Aviation Division 207th Fighter Aviation Division 221st Bomber Aviation Division 262nd Night Bomber Aviation Division 282nd Fighter Aviation Division 23rd, 282nd, and 371st Mixed Aviation Divisions 208th and 637th Assault Aviation Regiments 4th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment 10th Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron 2nd Air Army (from the Voronezh Front)—Major General of Aviation K. N. Smirnov 227th Assault Aviation Division 205th Fighter Aviation Division 208th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 50th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment 878th Mixed Aviation Regiment Front Forces: None

Don Front—Colonel General K. K. Rokossovsky 21st Army—Lieutenant General I. M. Chistiakov 51st and 52nd Guards and 96th, 120th, 252nd, 277th, 293rd, and 298th Rifle Divisions 5th Separate Destroyer Brigade 1st, 21st, 60th, and 99th Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 24th Army—Lieutenant General I. V. Galanin 49th, 84th, 214th, 233rd, 260th, and 273rd Rifle Divisions 54th Fortified Region 10th Tank Brigade 8th and 9th Guards Separate Tank Regiments 65th Army—Lieutenant General P. I. Batov 27th Guards and 23rd, 24th, 173rd, and 304th Rifle Divisions 59th and 64th Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 91st Tank Brigade 5th and 10th Guards Separate Tank Regiments © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

14 APPENDIX 1

66th Army—Lieutenant General A. S. Zhadov 64th, 99th, 116th, 226th, 299th, and 343rd Rifle Divisions 159th Fortified Region 63rd Separate Antitank Rifle Battalion 58th Tank Brigade 7th Guards Separate Tank Regiment 16th Air Army—Major General of Aviation S. I. Rudenko 2nd Bomber Aviation Corps—Major General of Aviation I. L. Turkel’ 223rd and 285th Bomber Aviation Divisions 220th and 283rd Fighter Aviation Divisions 228th Assault Aviation Division 271st Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 16th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment Front Forces: 1st Guards (former 26th) Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Rodin 16th and 17th Guards Tank Brigades 1st Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade 4th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Kravchenko 45th, 69th, and 102nd Tank Brigades 4th Motorized Rifle Brigade 16th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces A. G. Maslov 107th, 109th, and 164th Tank Brigades 16th Motorized Rifle Brigade 66th, 97th, 98th, 99th, 100th, 101st, and 102nd Separate Antitank Rifle Battalions 64th, 121st, and 148th Tank Brigades 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th Guards Separate Tank Regiments 39th, 40th, and 377th Antiaircraft Armored Train Battalions

Stalingrad Front—Colonel General A. I. Eremenko 2nd Guards Army—Lieutenant General R. Ia. Malinovsky 1st Guards Rifle Corps—Major General I. I. Missan 24th and 33rd Guards and 98th Rifle Divisions 13th Guards Rifle Corps—Major General P. G. Chanchibadze 3rd and 49th Guards and 387th Rifle Divisions 87th Rifle Division (less 1378th Rifle Regiment) 2nd Guards Mechanized Corps—Major General K. V. Sviridov 4th, 5th, and 6th Guards Mechanized Brigades 20th and 21st Guards Tank Regiments © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 15

5th Shock Army (formed 8 December)—Lieutenant General M. M. Popov and Colonel General V. D. Tsvetaev on 28 December 4th Guards and 258th, 300th, and 315th Rifle Divisions 7th (3rd Guards on 29 December) Tank Corps—Major General (Lieutenant General on 29 December) of Tank Forces P. A. Rotmistrov 3rd Guards and 62nd and 87th Tank Brigades 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps—Major General I. A. Pliev and Major General N. S. Oslikovsky on 28 December 5th and 6th Guards and 32nd Cavalry Divisions 4th Cavalry Corps—Lieutenant General T. T. Shapkin 61st and 81st Cavalry Divisions 28th Army—Lieutenant General V. F. Gerasimenko 34th Guards and 248th Rifle Divisions 52nd, 152nd, and 159th Rifle Brigades 78th and 116th Fortified Regions 6th Guards Tank Brigade 565th Separate Tank Battalion 35th Separate Armored Car Battalion 30th, 33rd, and 46th Separate Armored Train Battalions 51st Army—Major General N. I. Trufanov 38th, 91st, 126th, and 302nd Rifle Divisions 76th Fortified Region 20th Destroyer Brigade 1378th Rifle Regiment (87th Rifle Division) 4th Mechanized Corps (3rd Guards Mechanized Corps on 18 December)—Major General of Tank Forces V. T. Vol’sky 36th, 59th, and 60th Mechanized Brigades 55th and 158th Tank Regiments 13th Mechanized (former Tank) Corps—Major General of Tank Forces T. I. Tanaschishin 17th and 62nd Mechanized Brigades 13th Tank Brigade 85th, 235th, and 254th Tank Brigades 234th Separate Tank Regiment 57th Army—Lieutenant General F. I. Tolbukhin 15th Guards and 422nd Rifle Divisions 143rd Rifle Brigade 156th Separate Motorized Rifle Battalion © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

16 APPENDIX 1

45th, 172nd, and 177th Separate Machine-Gun Artillery Battalion (76th FR) 61st Mechanized Brigade (13th Mechanized Corps) 90th Tank Brigade 35th Separate Tank Regiment 62nd Army—Lieutenant General V. I. Chuikov 13th and 39th Guards and 45th, 95th, 138th, and 284th Rifle Divisions 42nd, 92nd, 124th, and 149th Rifle Brigades 156th Fortified Region 24th Separate Antitank Rifle Battalion 64th Army—Lieutenant General M. S. Shumilov 7th Rifle Corps—Major General S. G. Goriachev 93rd, 96th, and 97th Rifle Brigades 36th Guards and 29th, 38th, 157th, 169th, and 204th Rifle Divisions 66th and 154th Naval Rifle Brigades 118th Fortified Region 56th Tank Brigade 38th Motorized Rifle Brigade 166th Separate Tank Regiment 28th Separate Armored Train Battalion 8th Air Army—Major General of Aviation T. T. Khriukin 2nd Mixed Aviation Corps—Major General of Aviation I. T. Eremenko 214th Assault Aviation Division 201st Fighter Aviation Divisions 206th and 226th Assault Aviation Divisions 235th, 268th, and 287th Fighter Aviation Divisions 270th Bomber Aviation Division 272nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 8th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment 932nd Mixed Aviation Regiment 678th Transport Aviation Regiment 31st and 32nd Corrective Aviation Squadrons 459th Antiaircraft Artillery Regiment Stalingrad PVO [Anti–Air Defense] Corps Region— 73rd Guards and 748th, 1077th, 1079th, 1080th, 1082nd, and 1083rd Antiaircraft Artillery Regiments 82nd, 106th, 188th, and 267th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions 72nd, 122nd, 126th, 132nd, 137th, 141st, 142nd, and 181st Separate Armored Trains (Antiaircraft) 102nd PVO Fighter Aviation Division © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press.

Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942–1 February 1943 17

Front Forces: 37th Guards and 112th, 193rd, and 308th Rifle Divisions 115th Rifle Brigade 77th and 115th Fortified Regions 41st, 139th, 189th, and 198th Separate Tank Regiments

D. The Organization of the Voronezh, Southwestern, Don, and Southern (former Stalingrad) Fronts, 1 January 1943 (from north to south)

Voronezh Front—Colonel General F. I. Golikov 38th Army—Lieutenant General N. E. Chibisov 167th, 237th, and 240th Rifle Divisions 248th Rifle Brigade 7th Separate Destroyer Brigade 96th and 150th Tank Brigades (one tank company from each) 60th Army—Colonel General I. D. Cherniakhovsky 100th, 121st, 206th, 232nd, and 303rd Rifle Divisions 8th, 14th, and 16th Separate Destroyer Brigades 14th and 180th Tank Brigades 44th Separate Armored Train Battalion 40th Army—Colonel General K. S. Moskalenko 25th Guards and 107th, 141st, and 309th Rifle Divisions 253rd Rifle Brigade 86th, 116th, and 192nd Tank Brigades 26th Separate Armored Train Battalion 3rd Tank Army—Lieutenant General P. S. Rybalko 48th Guards and 184th Rifle Divisions 12th Tank Corps—Colonel V. A. Mitrofanov and Major General of Tank Forces M. I. Zin’kovich (on 17 January) 30th, 97th, and 106th Tank Brigades 13th Motorized Rifle Brigade 6th Separate Armored Car Battalion 15th Tank Corps—Major General of Tank Forces V. A. Koptsov 88th, 113th, and 195th Tank Brigades 52nd Motorized Rifle Brigade 5th Separate Armored Car Battalion 179th Tank Brigade 39th Separate Armored Car Battalion 2nd Air Army—Major General of Aviation K. N. Smirnov 205th Fighter Aviation Division 208th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division 227th Assault Aviation Division