© University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Contents List of Maps, Tables, and Illustrations ix Preface xv Selected Abbreviations xix Index Maps xxiii Appendix 1. Opposing Orders of Battle, 19 November 1942– 1 February 1943 1 Appendix 2. Soviet Strategic Planning and the Genesis of Plan Uranus 82 Appendix 3. The Uranus Force and Plan 105 Appendix 4. The Balance of Opposing Forces 126 Appendix 5. The Penetration Battle and Encirclement, 19–23 November 1942 138 Appendix 6. Reducing the Stalingrad Pocket and Forming the Outer Encirclement Front, 24–27 November 1942 189 Appendix 7. Reducing the Stalingrad Pocket and the Outer Encirclement Front, 28–30 November 1942 218 Appendix 8. Competing German and Soviet Dilemmas 251 Appendix 9. The Southwestern Front’s Battles along the Krivaia and Chir Rivers, 1–15 December 1942 279 Appendix 10. The Stalingrad Front’s Defense against Operation Wintergewitter [Winter Tempest], 1–19 December 1942 299 Appendix 11. The Don and Stalingrad Fronts’ Battle for the Stalingrad Pocket, 1–15 December 1942 343 Appendix 12. Operation Little Saturn and the Soviet Tormosin Offensive, 16–31 December 1942 379 Appendix 13. The End of Wintergewitter and Donnerschlag [Thunder Clap] and the Stalingrad Front’s Kotel’nikovo Offensive, 16–31 December 1942 417 Appendix 14. The Stalingrad Pocket, 16–31 December 1942 462 Appendix 15. Sixth Army’s Situation, Preliminaries, and the Don Front’s Plan, 1–9 January 1943 491 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. viii Contents Appendix 16. Destruction: The First Stage, 10–17 January 1943 504 Appendix 17. Destruction: The Second Stage, 18–25 January 1943 537 Appendix 18. Destruction: The Finale, 26 January–2 February 1943 569 Appendix 19. 62nd Army’s Struggle in Stalingrad City, 19 November 1942–2 February 1943 617 Appendix 20. Conclusions 795 Index to Orders of Battle, Documents, and Tables 809 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Maps, Tables, and Illustrations MAPS 1. Fourth Panzer Army’s situation at 0000 hours on 5 December 1942 302 2. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 12 December 1942 312 3. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 13 December 1942 315 4. General Raus’s perception of the battle at Verkhne-Kumskii, 13 [14–18] December 1942 321 5. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 14 December 1942 327 6. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 15 December 1942 329 7. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 16 December 1942 330 8. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 17 December 1942 332 9. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 18 December 1942 334 10. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 19 December 1942 335 11. The situation in Stalingrad on 1 December 1942 353 12. The situation in Stalingrad on 8 December 1942 367 13. Army Group Hollidt’s (Romanian Third Army’s) situation on 31 December 1942 410 14. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 20 December 1942 432 15. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 21 December 1942 435 16. LVII Panzer Corps’ advance on 23 December 1942 439 17. The Stalingrad Front’s Kotel’nikovo offensive, 24–31 December 1942 453 18. LVII Panzer Corps’ defense on 25 December 1942 455 19. The Don Front’s operation Kol’tso [Ring], 10 January–2 February 1943 535 20. 21st Army’s operations, 10–12 January 1943 536 21. 21st Army’s operations, 21–25 January 1943 567 22. The Stalingrad pocket [Kessel], 23 January 1943: A German Perspective 568 23. 21st Army’s operations, 26–30 January 1943 610 24. 64th Army’s operations, 10 January–2 February 1943 611 25. 66th Army’s operations, 10–31 January 1943 612 26. 45th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 19 November 1942 618 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. x Maps, Tables, and Illustrations 27. 95th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 19 November 1942 619 28. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 20 November 1942 622 29. 92nd Separate Rifle Brigade’s positions on 21 November 1942 624 30. 45th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 23 November 1942 626 31. 45th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 29 November 1942 628 32. 92nd Separate Rifle Brigade’s positions on 27 November 1942 629 33. 13th Guards Rifle Division’s positions, 27 November– 4 December 1942 630 34. 284th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 14 December 1942 639 35. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 15 December 1942 641 36. 92nd Separate Rifle Brigade’s positions at 2000 hours on 15 December 1942 642 37. 138th Rifle Division’s defenses at 1800 hours on 16 December 1942 644 38. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 19 December 1942 647 39. 138th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 21 December 1942 655 40. The situation in Stalingrad on 22 December 1942 657 41. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 22 December 1942 658 42. 95th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 25 December 1942 664 43. 45th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 25 December 1942 665 44. 45th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 30 December 1942 676 45. The situation in Stalingrad on 2 January 1943 686 46. 156th Fortified Region’s positions at 2000 hours on 2 January 1943 687 47. 284th Rifle Division’s attack plan, 8 January 1943 700 48. 138th Rifle Division’s positions on 11–12 January 1943 709 49. 138th Rifle Division’s actions on 13 January 1943 715 50. 284th Rifle Division’s positions at 2000 hours on 14 January 1943 719 51. 138th Rifle Division’s positions on 14–16 January 1943 720 52. 138th Rifle Division’s positions at 1900 hours on 20 January 1943 736 53. 284th Rifle Division’s positions on 30–31 January 1943 761 54. 284th Rifle Division’s actions on 2 February 1943 770 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Maps, Tables, and Illustrations xi PHOTOGRAPHS (following p. 612) Lieutenant General Vasilii Ivanovich Chuikov Division Commissar Kuz’ma Akimovich Gurov Major General Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov Major General Aleksandr Il’ich Rodimtsev Major General Stepan Savel’evich Gur’ev Colonel Vasilii Akimovich Gorishnyi Colonel Ivan Il’ich Liudnikov, commander of 138th Rifle Division, with his deputy commander for political affairs, N. I. Titov, his chief of staff, V. I. Shuba, and his chief of artillery, S. Ia. Tychinsky Colonel Nikolai Filippovich Batiuk, commander of 284th Rifle Division, in his command bunker (following p. 774) Stalingrad (Volgograd today) from the Volga River westward toward the Factory district (Krasnyi Oktiabr’ sector) Stalingrad from the Volga River westward toward the Factory district (Tractor Factory sector) Ruins in the Factory district Ruins of dugouts on the Volga River’s western bank in the Factory district Houses Nos. 77 and 78 on Lenin Prospect (on Liudnikov’s island) Entrance to a house on Lenin Prospect (on Liudnikov’s island) Ruins of the Rote Haus [Red House], the headquarters of Colonel Liudnikov’s 138th Rifle Division Ruins of the Kommissarhaus [Commissar House] (on Luidnikov’s island) The infamous fuel tanks southeast of the Barrikady factory Southward along the railroad west of the Krasnyi Oktiabr’ factory toward Mamaev Kurgan, with the victory monument in the distance Westward from the Volga River toward Mamaev Kurgan and the postwar monument to victory Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan eastward toward the Volga River Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan northward across the Bannyi ravine toward the Factory district (Krasnyi Oktiabr’) Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan westward toward Hill 112.0 and Stalingradskii Stalingrad from Mamaev Kurgan southeastward across the Dolgii and Krutoi ravines toward the northern part of the city center The ruins of Pavlov’s house on the eastern side of the 9th of January Square, with the inscription “Feats of arms and labor mingled together in this house.” “We stood up for your native Stalingrad!” © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. xii Maps, Tables, and Illustrations The ruins of the Mill building (Lieutenant Zabolotnyi’s house) next to Pavlov’s house Stalingrad’s Railroad Station No. 1 The front of the Univermag [department store] on the Square of Fallen Heroes, in whose basement Field Marshal von Paulus surrendered The entrance to Field Marshal Paulus’s headquarters in the basement of the Univermag The Theater on the 1st of May Square The landing stage on the Volga’s western bank in central Stalingrad (now east of the Avenue of Heroes) Eastward to the Volga River from the Square of Fallen Heroes Southeastward from Pushkinskaia and Krasnoznamennskaia streets along the Tsaritsa River valley to the Volga River The grain elevator in southern Stalingrad from the southwest Inside the top floor of the grain elevator From the grain elevator southward toward the El’shanka River and El’shanka From the grain elevator eastward toward the Volga River From the grain elevator northeastward toward the Tsaritsa River (the tall building with cranes on top on the left side) General Paulus’s headquarters in Golubinskaia From Paulus’s headquarters toward the Golubaia River A German cemetery at Bol’shaia Rossoshka A German war memorial near Peschanka TABLES 1. The Distribution of Replacement Personnel and Weapons Sent to the Red Army’s Operating Fronts during the Period from 1 October to 20 November 1942 126 2. The Strength of the Soviet Fronts Conducting the Stalingrad Counteroffensive (Operation Uranus) 127 3.