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East German TO&Es 1980-1989 V1.3
East German TO&Es 1980-1989 v1.3 BATTLEGROUP CWEG-01 (a) The East German Army (NVA) had x2 Panzer Divisions (7th & Panzer Division 1980s (a) 9th) and x4 Panzer-Grenadier Divisions (1st, 4th, 8th & 11th). These were grouped into two higher administrative formations – the BATTLEGROUPS 3rd and 5th Military Districts. Each Military District had x1 Panzer Division and x2 Panzer-Grenadier Divisions, plus Army Support BG CWEG-03 Assets. Some sources record these formations as ‘Armies’, but in x3 Panzer Regiment reality the Military Districts were administrative formations only. In war the six East German divisions would have come under the BG CWEG-04 command of five of the six Soviet Armies in Germany (28th, 2nd Guards, 8th Guards, 20th Guards & 3rd Shock Armies, but not 1st x1 Panzer-Grenadier Regiment (Tracked) Guards Army), while the East German Army support assets would form the Army Troops of 2nd Guards Army and 8th Guards Army. BG CWEG-08 Consequently, East German divisions could have Soviet Army x1 Panzer-Reconnaissance Battalion Troops in support and vice versa. The East Germans were widely regarded as the most reliable of all Warpac armies (the expression ‘There’s none so fanatical as a convert’ springs to mind) and in x1 Pioneer Battalion (b) some cases were regarded as more combat-efficient than many Soviet units in Germany. FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENTS (b) The Divisional Pioneer Battalion had a single Pioneer Company that could be considered an ME for game purposes (ME CWEG- FSE CWEG-05 14), while the rest of the battalion consisted of road-building, Divisional Artillery Regiment bridging, amphibian, position preparation and demolition equipment, which is unlikely to feature very heavily in a game. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
Janusz Odziemkowski Bitwa Nad Autą, 4–6 Lipca 1920 Roku
Janusz Odziemkowski Bitwa nad Autą, 4–6 lipca 1920 roku Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 14(65)/1 (243), 51-74 2013 JANUSZ ODZIEMKOWSKI bitWa nad autą, 4–6 lipca 1920 roku dniach 4–6 lipca 1920 r. na północnym odcinku frontu polsko-rosyj- skiego, rozciągającego się od dolnej Dźwiny po ukrainne stepy, 1 Armia gen. Gustawa Zygadłowicza toczyła walki z wojskami Frontu Zachodnie- Wgo Michaiła Tuchaczewskiego. Przeszły one do historii jako „bitwa nad Autą”, od nazwy rzeki, na której była oparta obrona centrum zgrupowania 1 Armii. Bitwę nad Autą trzeba zaliczyć do najważniejszych wydarzeń wojny Rzeczypospolitej z Rosją bolszewicką. Zapoczątkowała ona bowiem odwrót wojsk polskich na Białorusi i Li- twie, przejęcie inicjatywy przez przeciwnika, którego rozpoczęty wówczas pochód na zachód został zatrzymany dopiero po 6 tygodniach na przedpolach Warszawy. Mimo tych okoliczności bitwa nie doczekała się szerszego opracowania w polskiej literaturze historycznowojskowej, nie zajmuje też zatem właściwego jej miejsca w świadomości historycznej społeczeństwa. Zasadnicze kwestie związane z bitwą nad Autą dotykają dwóch zagadnień: przy- czyn porażki 1 Armii oraz związanego z tym pytania, czy przy ówczesnym stosunku sił na północnym odcinku frontu przegranej można było uniknąć lub przynajmniej zminimalizować jej skutki. TEREN Bitwa rozegrała się na froncie o szerokości około 100 km, rozciągającym się od rzeki Dźwiny w rejonie Dryssy na północy, po bagna górnej Berezyny na południu. Wysunięty najdalej na północ odcinek frontu 1 Armii obejmował obszar o szerokości około 20 km, usytuowany między Dźwiną skręcającą w tym miej- scu na północny zachód, a jej lewobrzeżnym dopływem – Dzisną. Mniej więcej w centrum tego obszaru leży jezioro Jelnia. W 1920 r. -
Baltic Security and Defence Review 2010
Baltic Security and Defence Review Volume 12, Issue 1 2010 Baltic Security and Defence Review is the publication of the Baltic Defence College © 2010, Baltic Defence College, All rights reserved ISSN 1736-3772 (print) 1736-3780 (online) Editorial Board Editor: Dr. James S. Corum, Dean, Baltic Defence College Lt. Col. John Andreas Olsen PhD, Norwegian Air Force, Dean, Norwegian Defence University College Dr. Richard DiNardo, Professor, US Marine Corps Staff College Dr. Joel Hayward, Dean, RAF College Cranwell, UK Dr. Adam Seipp. Dept of History, University of Texas Dr. Jürgen Foerster, Department of History, University of Freiburg Col. Robert Ehlers PhD, Professor, USAF School of Advanced Air and Space power Studies Dr. Arunas Molis, Department of Strategy and Politics, Baltic Defence College Brigadier General Walter Feichtinger PhD, Austrian National Defence Academy Dr. Hannu Kari, Finnish National Defence University Dr. Flemming Hansen, Royal Danish Defence College Assistant editor and layout: Villu Varjas Cover design and print: Momo Electronic version of the Baltic Security and Defence Review can be accessed on the website of the Baltic Defence College at www.bdcol.ee All articles of the Baltic Security and Defence Review are also available through the International Relations and Security Network (ISN) at www.isn.ethz.ch All inquiries should be made to the Baltic Defence College, Riia 12, 51013 Tartu, Estonia, ph: +372 717 6000, fax: +372 717 6050, e-mail: [email protected] Baltic Security and Defence Review Volume 12, issue 1, 2010 Contents Baltic Defence College Workshop on the New NATO Strategic Concept, 18 February 2010 By Baltic Defence College faculty............................................................ -
Russian Army, 4 June 1916
Russian Army 4 June 1916 Northwest Front: Finland Garrison: XLII Corps: 106th Infantry Division 421st Tsarskoe Selo Infantry Regiment 422nd Kolpino Infantry Regiment 423rd Luga Infantry Regiment 424th Chut Infantry Regiment 107th Infantry Division 425th Kargopol Infantry Regiment 426th Posinets Infantry Regiment 427th Pudozh Infantry Regiment 428th Lodeyinpol Infantry Regiment Sveaborg Border Brigade 1st Sveaborg Border Regiment 2nd Sveaborg Border Regiment Estonia Coast Defense: 108th Infantry Division 429th Riizhsk Infantry Regiment 430th Balksy Infantry Regiment 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment 432nd Baldaia Infantry Regiment Revel Border Brigade 1st Revel Border Regiments 2nd Revel Border Regiments Livonia Coast Defense: I Corps 22nd Novgorod Infantry Division 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment 86th Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment 87th Neschlot Infantry Regiment 88th Petrov Infantry Regiment 24th Pskov Infantry Division 93rd Irkhtsk Infantry Regiment 94th Yenisei Infantry Regiment 95th Krasnoyarsk Infantry Regiment 96th Omsk Infantry Regiment III Corps 73rd Orel Infantry Division 289th Korotoyav Infantry Regiment 290th Valuiisk Infantry Regiment 291st Trubchev Infantry Regiment 292nd New Archangel Infantry Regiment 5th Rifle Division (Suwalki) 17th Rifle Regiment 18th Rifle Regiment 19th Rifle Regiment 20th Rifle Regiment V Siberian Corps 1 50th St. Petersburg Infantry Division 197th Lesnot Infantry Regiment 198th Alexander Nevsky Infantry Regiment 199th Kronstadt Infantry Regiment 200th Kronshlot Infantry Regiment 6th (Khabarovsk) Siberian -
Orders of Battle Organisation of the Soviet Units
Orders of Battle Organisation of the Soviet units Some of the great historical information we just didn’t have These organisations allow you to also see why certain enough room to include in Hammer and Sickle were the battalions have the number of combat companies they complete organisations and orders of battle of the four Soviet have. For example you can see that the reason a Hammer corps featured in the book. This PDF includes a breakdown and Sickle Tankovy Batalon can have three Tankovy of all four corps. Companies is because the 1st Mechanised Corps’ tank regiments had two battalions of three companies rather One thing we did a little differently for these orders of battle than the more normal three battalions of two compa- was to display the companies and platoons using the Flames nies of the tank corps or the three battalions of two Of War terms. This is intended to give you a better idea of medium tank companies and a light tank company of the where in the larger structure of a Soviet corps your Combat, 3rd Mechanised Corps. Weapons, and Support companies and platoons come from. I hope you find these orders of battle useful, or at least Another reason to include orders of battle is as a resource interesting, as you go about creating your Soviet force from for those looking to theme their force on a particular units. Hammer and Sickle. Where the information is available we have tried to give the types of guns and vehicles in the units. This allows your to Wayne Turner work out which corps’ weapons and tanks spark your interest and help direct you to the most suitable Flames Of War company or platoon. -
The Russian Civil War
Reds! RULEBOOK © 200 Rodger MacGowan TheREDS! Russian Civil War, 98-92 Table of Contents . Introduction ................................................ 2 3. City, Sea and Resource Control ................. 13 2. Components ................................................ 2 4. Reinforcements and Replacements ............ 14 3. Game Set-up ............................................... 3 5 Poland ......................................................... 14 4. How to Win ................................................ 4 6. The Makhno Partisans ................................ 15 5. Sequence of Play ........................................ 4 7. Nationalist Garrisons .................................. 15 6. Initiative and Random Events .................... 5 8. Allied Withdrawal ....................................... 16 7. Activation and the Action Phase ................ 5 9. Winter ......................................................... 16 8. Zones of Control ........................................ 6 20. Special Units and Markers .......................... 16 9. Stacking ...................................................... 7 Strategy Notes ................................................... 19 0. Movement .................................................. 8 Design Notes ..................................................... 20 11. Combat ....................................................... 10 Historical Overview .......................................... 2 2 Supply and Rally ........................................ 12 Expanded -
Armed Forces of Georgian Democratic Republic in 1918–1921
George Anchabadze Armed Forces of Georgian Democratic Republic .. DOI: http://doi.org/10.22364/luzv.5.06 Armed Forces of Georgian Democratic Republic in 1918–1921 Gruzijas Demokrātiskās Republikas bruņotie spēki 1918.–1921. gadā George Anchabadze, Doctor of History Sciences, Full professor Ilia State University, School of Arts and Sciences Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/5, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia E-mail: [email protected] The article is dedicated to the armed forces of the Georgian Democratic Republic (1918–1921). It shows the history of their creation and development, the composition and structure of the troops, as well as provides a brief insight into the combat path. It also shows the contradictions that existed between the socialist leadership of the country and a significant part of the officer corps, caused by ideological differences. The result of these contradictions were two forms of the armed organization of Georgia – the regular army and the People’s Guard, which caused discord in the armed forces. This circumstance, among other reasons, contributed to the military defeat of Georgia in the clash with Soviet Russia (1921). Keywords: Transcaucasia in 1918–1921, Georgian Democratic Republic, regular army of Georgia, the People’s Guard, The Soviet-Georgian War of 1921. Raksts veltīts Gruzijas Demokrātiskās Republikas bruņotajiem spēkiem 1918.–1921. gadā, tajā atspoguļota to izveidošanas un attīstības vēsture, kā arī karaspēka sastāvs un struktūra, bez tam īsumā raksturotas kaujas operācijas. Parādītas arī pretrunas, kas pastāvēja starp valsts sociālistisko vadību un lielu daļu virsnieku korpusa un kas izraisīja ideoloģiskas atšķirības. Šo pretrunu rezultāts bija divas Gruzijas bruņoto spēku organizatoriskās formas – regulārā armija un Tautas gvarde –, starp kurām pastāvēja nesaskaņas. -
Soviet Armed Forces Order of Battle 1988
Central Group of Forces Version 3.0.0 Central Group of Forces [Czechoslovakia] (Централъная Группа Войск (ЦГВ)) (Tsentral’naya Gruppa Voisk (SGV)) (II Formation) Version 3.0.0 17 February 2007 Headquarters: Milovice, Czechoslovakian Democratic Republic Commander-in-Chief: General-Colonel E. A. Vorob’ev (appointed December 1987) 28th Army Corps 15th Guards Tank Division 18th Guards Motorized Rifle Division 48th Motorized Rifle Division Independent Assets History: This is actually the second formation of the Central Group of Forces. The first one was formed in June 1945, controlling the occupation forces in Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary (see Appendix 4). It was disbanded in 1955 when the forces in Austria and Hungary were withdrawn from those countries. The second formation occurred as a result of the Warsaw Pact invasion Czechoslovakia in August 1968. As a result of a directive issued on 16 October 1968, on 24 October 1968 the Headquarters of the Central Group of Forces was re-established, this time for forces solely on Czech territory. These forces would remain “temporarily” until, as a result of the agreement signed between Czechoslovakia and the USSR, all Soviet forces are to be withdrawn by July 1991. This was agreement was fulfilled when on 27 June 1911 the Headquarters, Central Group of Forces was disbanded with the departure of the last Soviet forces. A. Group-level Assets: 1. Group Headquarters – Milovice, Czechoslovakia 2. Combat units: a. 259th Independent Security & Protection Battalion – b. 901st Air Assault Battalion – Riechki c. 680th Independent Special Purpose Company [SPETSNAZ] – Bogdanech d. 155th Helicopter Regiment (+) – Mimoň-Hradčany 1. 426th Independent Aerodome-Technical Support Battalion (attached) d. -
High Treason: Essays on the History of the Red Army 1918-1938, Volume II
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH TITLE : HIG H TREASON: ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF TH E RED ARMY 1918-193 8 VOLUME I I AUTHOR . VITALY RAPOPOR T YURI ALEXEE V CONTRACTOR : CENTER FOR PLANNING AND RESEARCH, .INC . R . K . LAURINO, PROJECT DIRECTO R PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : VLADIMIR TREML, CHIEF EDITO R BRUCE ADAMS, TRANSLATOR - EDITO R COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 626- 3 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or i n part from funds provided by the National Council for Sovie t and East European Research . HIGH TREASO N Essays in the History of the Red Army 1918-1938 Volume I I Authors : Vitaly N . Rapopor t an d Yuri Alexeev (pseudonym ) Chief Editor : Vladimir Trem l Translator and Co-Editor : Bruce Adam s June 11, 198 4 Integrative Analysis Project o f The Center for Planning and Research, Inc . Work on this Project supported by : Tte Defense Intelligence Agency (Contract DNA001-80-C-0333 ) an d The National Council for Soviet and East European Studies (Contract 626-3) PART FOU R CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE RKK A Up to now we have spoken of Caligula as a princeps . It remains to discuss him as a monster . Suetoniu s There is a commandment to forgive our enemies , but there is no commandment to forgive our friends . L . Medic i Some comrades think that repression is the main thing in th e advance of socialism, and if repression does not Increase , there is no advance . Is that so? Of course it is not so . -
We Face a Fatal Threat...” 1920
RUSSIA’S EXPANSION IN THE CAUCASUS AND GEORGIA “We Face a Fatal Threat...” 1920 Archil Chachkhiani 1920 “We Face a Fatal Threat...” nalyzing the military-political situation in the Georgian historiography is permeated with the opinion that the First Republic of Georgia at the end of 1920 and full-scale military intervention launched by the Bolsheviks in the portraying its certain developments is one of the lower part of the Borchalo uyezd on the morning of February 12, most pressing issues in Georgia’s contemporary 1921, was a surprise to the Georgian state. As if the identity of history. The military-political relations between the enemy, the composition and number of its armed forces, the Democratic Republic of Georgia and Bolshevik the primary and auxiliary directions of the strike, the plans A Russia as well as the results stemming from it are of combat operations, etc., had not been fully identified. We exceptionally interesting. In this context, several find such opinions mainly in memoir literature (G. Kvinitadze, questions ought to be answered – did the Georgian state G. Mazniashvili, Sh. Maghlakelidze, Ak. Kvitaishvili, Al. possess information about the possible military campaign Chkheidze, V. Tevzadze, R. Gabashvili, and others). Such an by Bolshevik Russia? How adequately did the Georgian approach to the issue is somewhat understandable, as the government and military circles perceive the degree of foreign aforementioned authors did not have access to the top secret threats, and was the country preparing for the impending war military documents designed to strengthen the state's defense with Bolshevik Russia? capabilities. Yet, memoir literature cannot be attributed as an 1 RUSSIA’S EXPANSION IN THE CAUCASUS AND GEORGIA “We Face a Fatal Threat...” 1920 infallible first source. -
Scenario Book TABLE of CONTENTS
Scenario Book TABLE OF CONTENTS RS1: Morning Recon ...............................................................2 RS19: Air Interdiction ............................................................30 RS2: Operation Boloski ...........................................................3 RS20: Birds of Prey ...............................................................31 RS3: First Strike .......................................................................4 RS21: Breakthrough ...............................................................33 RS4: Opening Rounds..............................................................6 RS22: BUFFs .........................................................................34 RS5: Vertical Envelopment ......................................................7 RS23: Bridge Busting ...........................................................36 RS6: Sanitized Corridors .........................................................9 RS24: I Must Break You ........................................................37 RS7: Aerial Blockade .............................................................10 RS25: Day of Days ................................................................39 RS8: Runway Busting ............................................................12 RS26: Belgian Barrage ..........................................................40 RS9: Nighthawks ...................................................................14 RS27: High Speed Recon .......................................................42 RS10: Frontal