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Published Version Article Boccaccio editore di Petrarca (e Dante) : il codice Chigi L V 176 SALVATORE, Tommaso Reference SALVATORE, Tommaso. Boccaccio editore di Petrarca (e Dante) : il codice Chigi L V 176. Misure critiche : rivista semestrale di letteratura e cultura varia, 2014, vol. 12-13, no. 2-1, p. 62-86 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:143760 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 misure critiche Rivista semestrale di letteratura e cultura varia Nuova Serie ANNO XII-XIII numero 2 (2013) 1 (2014) La Fenice CASA EDITRICE SOMMARIO EMMA GRIMALDI, Ancora per Boccaccio, settecento anni dopo pag. 7 FELICE MESSINA, Genesi e morfologia di un compendio nella storiografia an- gioina: il caso del “Villani napoletano” » 30 TOMMASO SALVATORE, Boccaccio editore di Petrarca (e Dante): il codice Chi- gi L V 176 » 62 STEFANIA CAMERA, “Seiuncti licet corporibus, unum animo”. Dialoghi d’au- tore tra Giovanni Boccaccio e Francesco Petrarca » 87 DOMENICO D’ARIENZO, Marte e Venere alla guerra del tempo: il lascito me- trico di Giovanni Boccaccio al poema cavalleresco italiano » 111 ANTONIO BIAGIO FIASCO, Prima degli schemata… Alle origini dell’ars narrandi di Boccaccio: elementi di grammatica diegetica in due episodi dei libri IV e V del Filocolo » 135 CHIARA ROSATO, “Quanto egli era bello il luogo ov’io era venuto”. Rap- presentazioni del Giardino e del Paradiso Terrestre in terza rima tra Boc- caccio e Dante » 168 VIRGINIA PALE, Giovanni Boccaccio. Da una vita, un romanzo » 184 NICOLA ALVINO, L’amore ai tempi della peste: metafore sessuali nel Decameron » 215 ANTONELLA CAPOZZOLI, Il Decameron, la Fortuna e i mercatanti della Seconda Giornata » 231 MARILINA DI DOMENICO, La Settima Giornata: mascheramenti, figure fem- minili e profili di lettura » 249 ROSSELLA TERRACCIANO, Michele Colombo editore del Decameron » 287 GABRIELLA AVAGLIANO, Il Decamerone sullo schermo: dall’era del muto al cinema di Pasolini » 317 5 TOMMASO SALVATORE BOCCACCIO EDITORE DI PETRARCA (E DANTE): IL CODICE CHIGI L V 176 Nel capitolo ottavo del romanzo Il copista, Marco Santagata immagina che, durante l’incontro padovano dell’estate 1368, Boccaccio, rovistando cupidamente fra le carte di Petrarca, si imbatta nell’abbozzo di Rvf 323, la “canzone delle visioni”. Letta la prima stanza, con l’apparizione allego- rica di una fiera con volto umano azzannata da due veltri, il certaldese vi avrebbe scorto un’allusione alla sua novella di Nastagio degli Onesti, alla caccia infernale in cui una giovane donna è condannata, per la sua ritrosia, a essere inseguita e sbranata da due mastini (Dec. V 8)1. Sarebbe dunque balzato dal tavolo di lavoro e, al colmo della riconoscenza, avrebbe rin- graziato euforicamente l’autore del Canzoniere per avergli tributato un così affettuoso omaggio. Sennonché Petrarca, pur mancandogli l’animo di disilludere l’amico esultante, avrebbe notato in cuor suo come il riscontro individuato fosse del tutto involontario. E così, mentre il certaldese inge- nuamente gongola per la minuta, presunta allusione, non sa che in verità gli spetterebbe un ben più congruo riconoscimento: 1 Questi i due passi: «una fera m’apparve da man destra / con fronte humana, da far arder Giove, / cacciata da duo veltri, un nero, un biancho; / che l’un et l’altro fiancho / de la fera gentil mordean sì forte, / che ’n poco tempo la menaro al passo / ove, chiusa in un sasso, / vinse molta bellezza acerba morte» (Rvf 323, vv. 4-11); «E oltre a ciò, davanti guardandosi, vide venire per un boschetto assai folto d’arbuscelli e di pruni, correndo verso il luogo dove egli era, una bellissima giovane ignuda, scapigliata e tutta graffiata dalle frasche e da’ pruni, piangendo e gridando forte mercé; e oltre a questo le vide a’ fianchi due grandi e fieri mastini, li quali duramente appresso correndole spesse volte crudelmente dove la giugnevano la mordevano; e dietro a lei vide venire sopra un corsier nero un cavalier bruno, forte nel viso crucciato, con uno stocco in mano, lei di morte con parole spaventevoli e villane minacciando» (Dec. V 8, 15-16). Si cita rispettivamente da F. PETRARCA, Canzoniere, edizione commentata a cura di M. Santagata, Milano, Mondadori, 2004² e Tutte le opere di 62 Giovanni Boccaccio, a cura di V. Branca, Milano, Mondadori, 1967-1998, Vol. IV. Boccaccio editore di Petrarca (e Dante): il codice Chigi L V 176 A quel punto la faccenda lo divertiva per davvero. Giovanni non aveva mai sospettato di poter essere proprio lui l’ispiratore di quel libro di cui magnificava l’originalità. Era stato lui, agli inizi della loro conoscenza, a raccontargli di stare scrivendo un libro strano, ambientato durante la grande peste e composto di novelle legate insieme da una cornice. “Però, bella idea” aveva pensato allora. “E se facessi altrettanto con le rime?”2 Per inciso, si tratta di un vero e proprio espediente da narrativa post- moderna, giacché l’intertestualità fra Rvf 323 e Dec. V 8 non è invenzio- ne della fantasia di Santagata, ma è alla base di un celebre contributo di Mariarosa Giacon3. A parte ciò, è certo che l’episodio raccontato da San- tagata sia fittizio, ma nondimeno esso è interessante per come tratteggia il rapporto fra i due poeti: un Petrarca spocchioso ma benevolo e since- ramente legato e un Boccaccio devoto e pieno di gratitudine, discipulus bonariamente entusiasta; ma i debiti del primo nei riguardi del secondo sono maggiori di quanto uno non accetti di riconoscere e l’altro, forse, non si spinga a immaginare. Nella seconda metà del Novecento, pertanto, per merito soprattutto degli studi di Vittore Branca, l’immagine stereoti- pa di uno scambio unidirezionale, quasi che «ogni minima deviazione in direzione opposta – da Boccaccio a Petrarca – significasse diminuzione o lesa maestà per il sovrano della lirica moderna, per il rinnovatore della cultura in senso umanistico», è stata soppiantata da «quella, più veritiera e redditizia, di convergenza in problemi, in interessi, in soluzioni analoghe anche stilistiche»4. È stato in tal modo possibile ricostruire con maggio- re consapevolezza gli snodi di un’amicizia più che ventennale (ma per Boccaccio almeno il doppio, quadraginta annis vel amplius nell’Ep. XXIV a Francescuolo) in cui la circolazione delle idee e dei progetti rende com- plesso e sfaccettato il bilancio di crediti e debiti reciproci. 2 M. SANTAGATA, Il copista, Palermo, Sellerio, 2000, pp. 52-55, la citazione a pp. 54-55. 3 V. BRANCA, M. GIACON, Temi e stilemi fra Petrarca e Boccaccio, «Studi sul Boccaccio» VIII, 1974, pp. 215-249: la parte II, La novella di Nastagio e la canzone delle visioni, a pp. 226-249. 4 V. BRANCA, Intertestualità tra Petrarca e Boccaccio, «Lectura Petrarce» XIV, 1994, pp. 359-380, a p. 360. Sempre di Branca si vedano pure Temi e stilemi, cit., la parte I, Circo- lazione narrativa immaginifica stilistica, a pp. 215-226; Implicazioni strutturali ed espressive fra Petrarca e Boccaccio e l’idea dei Trionfi, in Convegno internazionale Francesco Petrarca: Roma – Arezzo – Padova – Arquà Petrarca, 24-27 aprile 1974, Roma, Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1976, pp. 141-161. Sulla stessa lunghezza d’onda L. BATTAGLIA RICCI, Il culto per Dante, l’amicizia con Petrarca: Giovanni Boccaccio, in Dante e Boccaccio. Lectura Dantis Scaligera, 63 2004-2005, a cura di Ennio Sandal, Roma – Padova, Antenore, 2006, pp. 21-54. TOMMASO SALVATORE Un’illustrazione esauriente dei rapporti fra i due sarebbe impossibile in queste poche pagine e contemplerebbe aspetti innumerevoli: una pa- noramica essenzialissima è offerta ora da Carla Maria Monti, ma impre- scindibile è e rimane il lavoro di Billanovich5. In questa sede, perciò, ci si limiterà all’approfondimento di un singolo tassello, vale a dire poche osservazioni desultorie su di un codice in cui Boccaccio trascrisse, fra il 1363 e il 1366, le rime volgari di Petrarca. Il codice in questione è il ms. L V 176 del fondo Chigiano della Biblio- teca Vaticana, contenente opere di Dante, Cavalcanti, Petrarca e Boccaccio6. L’autografia boccacciana del manoscritto fu intuita per la prima volta nel 1886 – lo stesso anno avventurato della scoperta dell’originale del Can- zoniere – da Arthur Pakscher, che ne dava notizia nel «Giornale storico della letteratura italiana»7. La felice individuazione tuttavia non suscitava entusiasmi. La stessa direzione del «Giornale», con precauzione in verità alquanto eterodossa, declinava in una nota a piè di pagina la responsabilità di quanto sostenuto. Negavano l’autografia Macrì-Leone e Rostagno, e Cesareo con sgradevole degnazione contestava le ipotesi di «un tedesco che si diletta di filologia italiana, [...] andato persino a Firenze per ritrovarvi in altri codici petrarcheschi la riprova delle sue argomentazioni»8. Ma gli 5 C. M. MONTI, Boccaccio e Petrarca, in Boccaccio autore e copista, a cura di T. De Robertis, C. M. Monti, M. Petoletti, G. Tanturli, S. Zamponi, Firenze, Mandragora, 2013, pp. 33-40. G. BILLANOVICH, Il più grande discepolo, in Id., Petrarca letterato. I. Lo scrittorio del Petrarca, Roma, Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1947, pp. 59-294. Sullo scambio epistolare è in- vece prezioso G. ALBANESE, La corrispondenza fra Petrarca e Boccaccio, in Motivi e forme delle Familiari di Francesco Petrarca: Gargnano del Garda, 2-5 ottobre 2002, a cura di C. Berra, Milano, Cisalpino, 2003, pp. 39-98. Un’originale visione in negativo, che respinge l’i- dea del rapporto idillico, è ora offerta da F. RICO, Ritratti allo specchio (Boccaccio, Petrarca), Roma – Padova, Antenore, 2012, soprattutto ma non solo il prologo Come tu mi vuoi e il capitolo La conversione di Boccaccio. 6 Il codice Chigiano L. V. 176 autografo di Giovanni Boccaccio, edizione fototipica, intro- duzione di Domenico De Robertis, Roma – Firenze, Archivi Edizioni – Fratelli Alinari, 1974. Per la descrizione e la tavola si veda l’introduzione D.
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