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Ancient History Mark Scheme for June 2012

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Ancient History Mark Scheme for June 2012 GCE Classics: Ancient History Advanced GCE Unit F394: Roman History: The Use and Abuse of Power Mark Scheme for June 2012 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, OCR Nationals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on the examination. OCR will not enter into any discussion or correspondence in connection with this mark scheme. © OCR 2012 Any enquiries about publications should be addressed to: OCR Publications PO Box 5050 Annesley NOTTINGHAM NG15 0DL Telephone: 0870 770 6622 Facsimile: 01223 552610 E-mail: [email protected] F394 Mark Scheme June 2012 Annotations used in the detailed Mark Scheme (to include abbreviations and subject-specific conventions) Annotation Meaning A01 or 01 or 1 meeting Assessment Objective 1 A02 or 02 or 2 meeting Assessment Objective 2 eval. evaluation of evidence inter. interpretation of evidence ^ omission S reference to relevant source material F reference to relevant factual information R irrelevant material BOD benefit of doubt where judgement is exercised in favour of the candidate. ? unclear relevance/factual knowledge/analysis Rep. instances of significant repetition Subject-specific Marking Instructions The Mark Scheme is a guide to markers and is not prescriptive. It should be used with tile marking grids. It suggests possible answers and there is no suggestion that every point mentioned needs to be included for full marks. Each script should be marked with team position number & dated at the start of marking. Ticks should be used to indicate sound points. Where credit is being given for the different assessment objectives, 1, 2 or 3 should be placed in the margin. Where an examiner wants to draw attention to a passage where judgement has been exercised in favour of the candidate, the examiner can place 'BOD' (benefit of doubt) in the margin. Where an examiner is uncertain about the point of a passage, the examiner should place a question mark in the margin. Significant errors should be underlined and marked with a cross. A wavy line in the margin is the usual sign for irrelevance: and the omission sign (^) is used for what is considered to be a major omission. 'Rep' written in the margin indicates repetition. Spelling/grammar errors should be marked with dotted underlining: 1 F394 Mark Scheme June 2012 A comment at the end of the answer should draw attention to the qualities of the answer, with reference to the marking grids. Examiner comments should be legible. The marginal annotations are designed to aid the proper review of the marking of the script, whether at standardisation, batch 1 & 2 or marking review. Marks for each question and a total for the whole paper should be placed on the front page of the answer booklet. All pages must show evidence of marking. Blank pages must be ticked by the examiner. Answers must be marked using the level descriptors in the marking grids and a mark awarded for each Assessment Objective. The following points are indicative and offer question specific guidance. They should not provide an exhaustive list and any relevant points should be credited. The maximum mark for the paper is 100. Use annotations above to indicate points in the scripts. Underline and mark with an X significant errors of factual knowledge/source material/analysis. Underline with dotted line significant spelling/grammar errors or lack of clarity. 2 F394 Mark Scheme June 2012 Option 1: The fall of the Roman Republic 81–31 BC Question Answer Marks Guidance Indicative Content Levels of response 1 AO1: 50 Marking grids to be used for AO1 = 20 response to the specific question. Level 5 18–20 Answers might include groups such as: Level 4 14–17 Sulla and his supporters (against Marians largely In response to the question (To Level 3 9–13 outside the period) what extent can the politics of this Level 2 5–8 optimates, senatorial oligarchy eg struggle over period be seen as a struggle Level 1 0–4 Caesar’s recall in 50-49 BC between different groups and populares factions for control of the equestrians, publicani, Italian elites Republic?) urban populace and groups within it such as the collegia run by Clodius Answers should provide: rivalries among noble families specific factual knowledge triumvirate, other political alliances; Catiline’s and evidence of the various supporters groups and factions Sullans and Marians - Crassus, Pompey, Caesar, detailed knowledge of the Cicero, Cato, other individuals- groups supporting and period opposing any or all of these partial coverage for level 3 pro/anti-Caesarians, especially in 40s and 30s. detailed factual knowledge of groups/factions with clear Sources might include: focus on ‘struggle/control’. Cicero Pro Sestio 96 distinction between ‘what was agreeable to the people’ and ‘what was acceptable to the best people’; 104: conflict of leading men and desire of the people; speeches against Catiline II 18f - supporters of Catiline and IV. 9 Caesar and the popular line Sallust Catiline 36-39: factions; tribunes opposed by nobility aiming to protect their own privileges; selfish ambition; Plut. Crassus 7.7. Rome split into three parties Plutarch Pompey 25, 30 Leges Gabinia, Manilia and the struggle with the senatorial oligarchy 3 F394 Mark Scheme June 2012 Question Answer Marks Guidance Indicative Content Levels of response Cicero de lege agraria 1.2ff Rullus land bill; Cicero Ad Att.1.17,18; 2.1 Equites and senate; situation in 60s Cicero Letters to Atticus 1.17/19 senate’s problems with equites in 61-0 BC, Pompey, Crassus etc cf Dio Cassius 37.49- opposition of optimates to Pompey’s demands; Plut. Cato 31: Cato opposes Pompey’s land distribution triumvirate and 50s leading to civil war. Dio 37.55; Velleius 2.44, Appian 2.9, Suetonius DJ 19 - triumvirate; Cicero for (biased) accounts of Clodius cf. Dio Cassius 38 12-13; Cicero ad Q.f 1.2 factions in Rome in 59 BC Res Gestae (1-3) for Octavian’s view of opponents in 40s Tacitus Annals 1.9-10- a view on Octavian/Augustus. AO2: AO2 = 30 answers should develop a discussion of the effect of the Level 5 26–30 groups on the Republic. Level 4 20–25 To deal with ‘extent’ answers might consider other issues eg Level 3 14–19 the importance of military rather than political success Level 2 6–13 focus on individuals rather than groups Level 1 0–5 the personal ambitions rather than control of the Republic. 4 F394 Mark Scheme June 2012 Question Answer Marks Guidance Indicative Content Levels of response 2 AO1: Answer might include: 50 Marking grids to be used for AO1 = 20 Sallust Cat. (11–2), (36–9) reference to Sullan veterans, response to the specific question. Level 5 18–20 Level 4 14–17 general corruption of soldiers, or Catiline’s/Manlius’ In response to the question army Level 3 9–13 (‘Politicians only got their way by Level 2 5–8 Catiline’s supporters as examples of violence: Sallust using violence and corruption.’ Level 1 0–4 Catiline 14; Cicero in Cat II 10ff: threats of violence after How far do the sources support political route failed Sallust Cat. 32, 36 this view of political activity during Sulla’s actions, proscriptions etc this period?). the corruption and manipulation in politics: Suet. The Answers should include specific Deified Julius 18 use of bribery for Bibulus; Velleius information and evidence either 2.44 (the first triumvirate) for or against the view expressed. the resort to violence: Clodius – ad Att.1.14 - violence Answers might include other against his trial; ad Att.1.16 bribery of jury; Dio 38.12 on factors also for a balanced view: his laws of 58 BC; Suetonius DJ 19-20 Caesar’s consulship cf. Plutarch Caesar 14; Milo, Sestius (pro the use of clientela, amicitia Sestio 75-6); ad Att. 4.3 riots caused by Clodius around as outlines in CP Cicero’s house; Plutarch Pompey 13-4 on Pompey’s network of obligations defiance of Sulla, and 17 over the issue of Sertorius among politicians- Cicero’s Suetonius DJ 20, Plutarch Crassus 15 on 55 BC support from his activities in death of Clodius; Milo, Caelius in 40s BC the courts; Cicero’s success the weakness of parts of the constitution; illegal actions with speeches against which undermined the rule of law eg Octavian’s Catiline consulship in 43 BC (Appian) popular measures: land the assassination of Caesar: Cicero’s defence, Matius’ laws; grain subsidy; reply Pompey’s commands in 60s the effect of the urban populace in politics: riots over the provision of games etc – grain subsidy (ad Att.
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