Vol. XVI No. 9 September, 1961 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS. FINCHLEY RD. (corner Fairfax Rd.), London, N.W.S 0//ic* and Consulting Houri: Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096/7 (General Olhce and Welfare for the Aged) Mondav to Thuridav 10 am—I am 3—6 o m MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by the L,C,C., monaay lo i nunaay lu a.m. I p.m. i 0 p.m. and Social Services Dept.) Friday 10 a.m.—l p.in.

Dr. Leon Zeitlin odd fifty founder-members. Nobody will dispute that this state of affairs indicates not only an almost incredible lack of realistic balance but that the absence of Gennany and China (especially THE QUEST FOR HUMAN RIGHTS compared with the status of Formosa) must exer­ cise a paralysing effect on UNO's tremendous . Even at the risk of being reproached for over­ In this connection it is certainly of interest that tasks and activities. The setting-up of " Specialised simplifying mankind's altitude towards one of its the European Court of Human Rights set up in Agencies " for the purpose of continuing UNO's burning issues—the perennial struggle for " human Rome about ten years ago under the auspices of practical work at least in those fields where the rights"—it could hardly be denied that so far the Council of Europe has given its first judg­ General Assembly's political quarrels have to give Jne response to this deeply rooted challenge has ment in a dispute between a State, the Republic way to the urgent demands of the day was there­ ''y no means come up to the great expectations of Eire, and one of its own citizens. The fore a logical and useful expedient. aroused by the unanimous adoption (with very few sacred cow of the State's sovereignty has always Such specialised agencies, with their own ^ostentions) of the Universal Declaration of been one of the almost insurmountable obstacles restricted responsibilities, have proved their Human Rights at the General Assembly on UNO barring an individual in his struggle for justice raison detre by the important and generally i'' 1948. Thjs is indeed a most discouraging against " the powers that be" ! appreciated work they have carried and are carry­ indication of man's apparently inborn tendency Why, then, this strange indifference of public ing out within their terms of reference approved t"? complacency. It would be futile to try to opinion about a case of fundamental importance by the General Assembly. Suffice to mention dismiss our disappointment with the truism that for the advancement of human rights ? We FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation), ILO 'Sore than one or two decades are needed to looked in vain for letters to the Press. And why International Labour Organisation), WHO (World achieve any tangible results in the fight against did the newspapers take but scanty notice of a Health Organisation) and UNICEF (United prejudices and hatreds which have prevailed since conflict typical of the relationship between the Nations Intemational Children's Emergency time immemorial. Nor is it less complacent to individual and the government of a parliamentary Fund). Even those only mildly interested in Ignore the world's worsening moral climate which. democracy, which the Republic of Eire prides things to come on a universal humane level will J'y the way, has reached in no time a well-balanced itself to be ? Or has the wind of change, blow­ certainly acknowledge that the activities of these temperature, and to exaggerate the blessings of ing so strongly over the four comers of the earth, agencies reflect the split which the founders of ?n allegedly " affluent society ", with its not quite gently by-passed one of mankind's foremost UNO had in mind. justifiable claim that " we never had it so good ". problems ? Unfortuntaely, there is much to be °ut as long as scientific, technological, social and said for an explanatory answer to these tricky econionic progress—however tremendous it may questions, namely, that a ridiculous coincidence A Practical Proposal De—is almost exclusively applied to the satisfac­ may well be one of the main causes of glossing tion of basically materialistic human necessities, over a case which deserved to be the starting V ^^^^ '** those of higher and refined living point of a new and imaginative approach to one Is it, then, too bold a suggestion to ponder the standards, the spiritual gap " beyond supply and of today's burning issues. As it happened this rassibiiities of applying the principles and methods Remand"' remains open. And it is unsatisfied case was established by a person with ilic no. of procedure of these agencies in an attempt to spiritual need from which our conception of quite adequate name of "Lawless". Men bei'g establish a Specialised Agency for Human Rights ? "Uman rights derives. what they are they seem to be prejudiced as to ;he Needless to say its responsibilities would be . On various occasions I was privileged to express eventual merits of a claim submitted by a person restricted to the same extent as those of the of that name. existing agencies ; however, there would still n The Times, as well as in this paper, my views remain ample opportunity for urgently needed °n the strange disproportion between the lack of practical work. As far back as 1952 one could constructive work on the one hand and the The Case of Mr. Lawless refer to the startling fact that during the preceding aoundance of praiseworthy—though unrealistic— year the Human Rights Commission had received ty. covenants on the other, that characterises The essence of the plaintiff's complaint is, so 25.0(X) complaints, yet there was no indication ne activities of the Human Rights Commission, to speak, the " lawlessness" of the Republic of whether and in which way the herculean task rat^ the untiring efforts of its members, or Eire in holding Mr. Lawless, admittedly a member of dealing with them efficiently could be carried iner those of the numerous non-Governmental of the illegal Irish Republican Army, in protective out. Even assuming that the majority of the ^Dservers, delegated from an impressive variety detention without charge and trial. "The European complaints was based on erroneous views about So •^P'f'tu^Hy interested, religious, scientific or Court of Human Rights has dismissed the plain­ the functions and terms of reference of the Human ocial-ethical bodies, deserve high praise. How- tiff's claim for damages. But without wishing to Rights Commission and that the main burden in j^""' 'here is no reason for such self-glorification level any criticism of the Court's judgment, which answering these would rest on a large and effici­ ^^ became manifest during the celebration of no doubt is formally correct, it should not be ent administrative staff, the absence of such a ti(f '^""^ anniversary of the Universal Declara- forgotten that its findings are essentially based machinery is certainly no excuse for the growing on m 1958. The fact remains that the Human on an article of the European Human Rights public indifference to the aims of the Human its if- ^°r"niission has not been able to finish Convention, which in fact is begging the question. Rights Commission, Plef'^ and almost exclusive task : the com- This article stipulates that "any State in the event However, the primary task of such an agency ^L. °n of a draft convention on Human Rights of war or other public dangers ... is entitled should surely be an untiring endeavour to raise .1,"''^^ might have a chance of being adopted by to take measures (derogatory to provisions of the everywhere die level of Human Rights conscious­ f^j.j,General Assembly of UNO and of being Convention on the condition always that such ness. The world's spiritual and intellectual dlite Drp ^^ ''^ members. However, since under measures are not in conflict with other obligations should deem it an honour to serve on the execu­ siai^"* worid conditions the U.S.A. felt unable to flowing from international law". As, however, tive of such an agency, either permanently or the .'^^^^nants imposing binding obligations on there is no international law concerning the whole temporarily, and to protect the individual's ^ ^'Snatories, we cannot help admitting that a concept of protective or preventive detention the dignity wherever violated or threatened. eth 1 ^S^'- or political, approach to the basically Court's judgment in " Lawless v. Lawlessness " is The beginning of racial, national, social and v^l^^l problems of human rights will not get us both unsatisfactory and disappointing. religious tensions should be carefully watched "^ry far. Although the cynics' attitude is sufficiently by an impartial observer corps, who would report tf,"^ unrealistic approach to the great cause of known and angry young men and old are likely to the agency ; arbitrators on the spot or roving ind- ^"^^"cement of Human Rights is clearly to indulge in general strictures on futile attempts Human Rights ambassadors could thus take speedy aicated by the strange fact that the need to to square the circle of man's contradictory action. This, of course, is a far cry ! However, coJf. especially young people " human rights behaviour, the not entirely extinct species of the establishment and organisation of a compre­ neve "*"^ " '" ^^^^ formative years has apparency realistically thinking idealists will not admit defeat. hensive system whereby children and adolescents ihp J °ccurred to those in charge of preparing For them the steep uphill road leading to an —and, indeed, every human being from whatever hav covenants. Otherwise it could hardly equilibrium between human rights and human walk of life—can be infused with Human Rights inert ^^'^aped their attention that, while an ever- duties and between individual and social obliga­ consciousness, should not present insurmountable L.^^'ng number of " human rights" is being tions has not reached a dead end. obsiiacles in our era of mass media with its On a somewhat circuitous route a point has unlimited channels of application for attaining Dutf^ ,; -As a matter of fact the words " Human been reached from which it might be worth higher moral standards. jjg'^^ are mentioned quite casually only once, while to continue with " the beginning of the Then we might live to see the Human Rights the h • '"different attitude of the public toward beginning ". At the root of the crisis at present Commission elevated from its absurd "sub- 'egal "^ and manifold moral, social, cultural, shaking the foundations of the United Nations commission of a sub-commission of the General con'' political and ecomonic aspects which the is the rapid and inorganic increase of its members, Assembly" status to the Moral Conscience of iception of Human Rights implies. numbering today 99 countries, in contrast to the the World. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION September, 1961

papiere, die nachweisbar in das Gebiet der OESTERREICHISCHER ABGELTUNGSFONDS Deutschen Republik bezw. nach Berlin verbracht worden sind, Entschaedigung gemaess § 5 des Im Sinne des Notenwechsels vom 15. Mai 1959 fasst, die im Statut als " urspmengliche Zuwen­ deutschen Bundes - Rueckerstattungsgesetzes zwischen der oesterreichischen Regierung und dung" bezeichnet wird. Ein Rechtsweg, betref­ zusteht. den Regierungen von U.S.A., U.K. und Frank­ fend Zuwendungen aus dem Fonds, ist ausgeschlos­ Der Fonds kann an Personen, die am 31. August reich hat die oesterreichische Regierung die sen. Zuwendungen durch den Fonds duerfen nur 1962 das 70. Lebenjahr erreicht haben, Voraus­ Verpflichtung uebemommen, eiinen Entschaedi- physischen (demnach nicht juristischen) Personen zahlungen auf bereits zuerkannte "berichtigte gungsfonds zu errichten und ihn mit dem in der nachstehended Reihenfolge gewaehrt Zuwendungen" leisten, und zwar bis zu einem Schilling-Gegenwert von $6,000,000 zuzuegUch werden: Betrage von S 10,000. Sonstige Zahlungen 10% Verwaltungskosten, zu dotieren. (a) dem ehemaligen Eigentuemer ; duerfen erst dann geleistet werden, wenn nach Die Errichtung des Fonds hat sich aus inner- (b) dem (der) Ehegatten (Ehegattin) eines Ablauf der Anmeldefrist (31. August 1962) eine politischen Gruenden, die die Regierung nicht Uebersicht ueber die zu leistenden Zahlungen solchen ehemaligen Eigentuemers ; gegeben ist. ueberwinden konnte, verzoegert. Die Beschluss- (c) den Kindera des ersten Grades eines fassung ueber den Fonds wTirde naemlich von solchen ehemaligen Eigentuemers zu Bei Beruecksichtigung der oben skizzierten, massgebenden Parlamentariern beider Koahtions- gleichen Teilen ; von sozialen Gesicht&punkten diktierten, Ver- parteien mit der Beschlussfassung ueber. die 12. (d) wenn ein Kind, das sonst nach (c) fuer teilungsmodalitaeten, wird es unseren Lesem klar Novelle zum Opferfuersorgegesetz (siehe Dr. eine Zuwendung in Frage kaeme, gestor­ sein, dass—abgesehen von beschraenkten Voraus­ Brassloffs Artikel auf Seite 2 der AJR Infor- ben ist, ist der Anteil eines solchen zahlungen an aeltere Personen—Zahlungen gar nuaion vom August, 1961) verknuepft, welche Kindes an seine ueberlebenden Kinder zu nicht geleistet werden koennen, ehe ein Ueber­ Novelle wiederum mit den oesterreichisch- blick ueber die Verpflichtungen des Fonds gleichen Teilen zu verteilen; moeglich geworden ist. Daraus ergibt sich auch, deutschen Verhandlimgen ueber einen deutschen (e) den Eltern oder dem uebeflebeiiden Beitrag zusanunenhing. So kam es, dass das dass eine Verlaengerung der Anmeldefrist nicht Eltemteil eines solchen ehemaligen erfolgen kann und auch nicht erfolgen wird, da Gesetz ueber die Errichtung des neuen Fonds Eigentuemers. erst am 22. Maerz 1961 den oesterreichischen sie unfair denjenigen gegenueber waere, die Nationalrat passiert hat. Nach Emennung der Im Falle, dass keine der oben angefuehrten innerhalb der reichlich bemessenen Frist von Mitglieder des Kuratoriums durch die oester­ Personen zum Zeitpunkt der Auszahlung einer 12 Monaten ihre Ansprueche angemeldet haben. reichische Bundesregierung konstituierte sich der Zuwendung am Leben ist, verfaellt die Zuwen­ Alle Berechtigten, die die Anmeldung so rasch Fonds, dessen Statut in der Wiener Zeitung dung imd kann an entfemte Verwandte nicht als moeglich vornehmen und sie nicht verschieben, vom 2, Juli 1961 veroeffentLicht -wurde, am 3, gezahlt werden. helfen nicht nur sich selbst, sondem auch Juli 1961. Wie den oesterreichischen Lesem dieses anderen, indem sie dem Fonds eine beschleunigte Der neue Fonds fuehrt den Namen " Fonds Artikels bekatmt sein duerfte, wurden im Jahre Ausrechnung seiner Verpflichtungen ermoeg­ zur Abgeltung von Vermoegensverlusten politisch 1946 im Zuge der Waehrungsreform 60% aller lichen. Wir richten daher an unsere Leser die Verfolgter" und hat den Zweck, unter Auf- Noten und Bankkonten nullifiziert und fuer den dringende und herzliche Bitte, rasch anzumelden zehrung seiner Mittel Entschaedigung an politisch Rest 4% Staatsschuldverschreibungen ausgegeben, und auch ihre Freunde und Bekannten zur Verfolgte (unter welchem Ausdruck auch die cca 85% notieren. Waere nun z.B. eine ehesten Anmeldung zu bewegen. Personen, die wegen ihrer Rasse oder Religion Spareinlage nicht konfisziert worden, sondern als Die Adresse des Fonds ist: verfolgt wurden, zu verstehen sLnd) zu leisten, solche auf dem Spareinlagebuch verblieben, so Fonds zur Abgeltung von Vermoegensverlusten und zwar fuer cien Verlust folgender Kategorien haette der Inhaber den durch die Waehmngs- politisch Verfolgter, Wien II, Taborstrasse 2-6 von konfiszierten Vermoegenschaften: reform vorgeschriebenen Abstrich nicht ver­ Formulare sind beim Austrian Desk der United meiden koennen. Die alliierten Regierungen, (a) Bankkonten, Restitution Organisation (UR.O.), 183, Finchley die mit der oesterreichischen Regierung den Road, London, N.W.3 (KILburn 0021), und den (b) Wertpapiere, Wortlaut der Statuten vereinbart hatten, hielten (c) Bargeld, oesterreichischen Konsulaten erhaeltlich. es fuer gerechtfertigt, die oesterreichische DR. C. KAPRALIK. (d) Hypotheken, Waehrungsreform sowie die Tatsache, dass die (e) Entrichtung von diskriminierenden Art der Vermoegensanlage zu einem grossen Teil MASSNAHMEN ZUR BESCHLEUNIGUNG Abgaben. vom Zufall abhing, bei der Regelung der Zuwen­ Als Bankkonto im Sinne der Statuten gilt jede dungen durch den Fonds zu beruecksichtigen. DER WIEDERGUTMACHUNGSVERFAHREN Geldeinlage bei einer Bank oder einem Kredit­ Das Statut verfuegt daher, dass jede " urspraeng- IN BERLIN institut in Oesterreich. Als Wertpapiere eelten liche Zuwendung" auf 35% des urspruenghchen Die Association of Democratic Lawyers from Aktien und Obhgationen ; der Wert konfisz .rter Zuwendungsbetrages herabzusetzen ist. Solche Germany in London hat auf Eingaben an die Wertpapiere ist fuer Zwecke der Festselzu.ig herabgesetzle Zuwendungen werden als " berich- Berliner Senatoren fuer Inneres und fuer Justiz einer Zuwendung der vom Fonds festzustellends tigte Zuwendungen " bezeichnet. Schreiben erhalten, aus denen sich ergibt, dass Marktwert der Wertpapiere am 27. July 1955 Um zu erreichen, dass die zur Verfuegung beide Senaitoren um die Beschleunigung des (Tag des Inkrafttretens des Oesterreichischen stehenden Mittel einem moeglichst weiten Kreise Rechtsganges in Wiedergutmachungssachen Staatsvertrages). Wird jedoch festgestellt, dass von Berechtigten zukommen, verfuegt das Statut bemueht bleiben. das Wertpapier am obigen Tage keinen odcr nur folgendes: Der starke Arbeitsanfall bei den Wiedergut- einen Evidenzwert hatte, dann hat der Fonds den (a) Die " berichtigte Zuwendung " ist zunaechst machungskammern jn Rueckerstattungssachen hat Wert auf Grund des Marktwertes zur Zeit der im Betrage der " berichtigten Zuwendung", den Senator fuer Justiz veranlasst, jeder der Konfiskation festzusetzen. hoechstens aber mit S 20.000 auszuzahlen. bestehenden Kammern einen dritten Beisitzer Als Bargeld im Sinne der Statuten gilt jegliches (b) Ein nach Auszahlung der unter (a) vor­ zuzuteilen und zwei neue Kammem einzurichten. (in- oder auslaendisches) offizielles Papier- oder gesehenen Betraege verbleibender Rest­ Ob diese Massnahmen ausreichen, wird voffl Hartgeld. Zuwendungen fuer konfisziertes Bar­ betrag soil so verwendet werden, dass Senator staendig ueberwacht. geld duerfen jedoch nur zuerkannt werden, wenn Zahlungen auf die "urspruenglichen Herr Lipschitz, der Senator fuer Inneres, hat der Antragsteller schriftliches schluessiges Zuwendungen" bis 2:ur Hoehe der das Entschaedigungsamt Berlin angewiesen, Beweismaterial aus der Zeit der Konfiskation " urspruenglichen Zuwendung ", hoechstens zukuenftig Entschaedigungsansprueche unabhaen­ vorlegt. aber, unter Einrechnung der Zahlungen gig vom Datum ihrer Anmeldung durch Verglei<;h Als diskriminierende Abgaben im Sinne der unter (a), bis zu S 10.000 erfolgen. zu regeln, wenn der Antragsteller oder sein Statuten gelten die Reichsfluchtsteuer und die (c) Im Falle dem Fonds nach Auszahlung der Bevollmaechtigter ein begruendetes und der Sach— Judenvermoegenabgabe (JUVA). urtd Rechtslage nach angemessenes Vergleichs- untei (a) und (b) vorgesehenen Betraege ein angebot macht. Die Vergleichsangebote werden Die festgestellten Verluste in alien obigen Restbetrag verbleibt, soil dieser Restbetrag Kategorien werden in einer Summe zusammenge- in der Reihenfolge ihres Eingangs bearbeitet dazu verwendet werden, den Rest werden. Haelt das Entschaedigungsamt eio " berichtigter Zuwendungen" hoechstens derartiges Angebot nicht fuer angemessen, so \yiro aber weitere S 20.000 (d.i. zuzueglich zu den es bemueht sein, eine Einigung herbeizu­ Your House /or.— unter (a) zu zahlenden S 20.000) auszu­ fuehren Kommt eine solche nicht zustande, dann zahlen. wird der Entschaedigungsanspruch zu gegebener CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO (d) Fuer den Fall, dass dem Fonds nach den Zeit nach Massgabe der allgemeinen Bearbeitungs- unter (a), (b) und (c) vorgesehenen Zahlun­ UPHOLSTERY gen noch Mittel verbleiben sollten, sind sie reihenfolge bearbeitet werden. uf so zu verwenden, dass verhaeltnismaessige Diese Weisung erstreckt sich nicht a SPeCIALITY — sogenannte nach dem 1 April 1958 nachgeschobene Zahlungen auf noch offene Betraege jener Ansprueche. Dies gih auch dann, wenn «•» " berichtigten Zuwendungen", welche anderer Entschaedigungsanspruch zu einem S 40.000 uebersteigen bis zur Gesamthoehe frueheren Zeitpunkt angemeldet worden isit. CONTINENTAL DOWN so Icher " berichtigten Zuwendungen" Das Entschaedigungsamt ist femer angevvieseij erfolgen. worden. zukuenftig von der Anmahnung einrnai QUILTS! Wenn die " urspruenglichc Zuwendung" angeforderter Unterlagen abzusehen. Das An" weniger als S 500 betraegt, so unterbleibt die -wird zukuenftig diese Faelle nicht weiterbearbeiten ALSO RE.MAKES AND RE-COVERS Zahlung einer Zuwendung, da die h;emit und die betreffende Akte bis zum Eingang der verbundenen administrativen Ausgaben unver­ Unterlagen weglegen. eSTIMATtS fkft haeltnismaessig gross sein wuerden. Die getroffenen Massnahmen sind sehr z" DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Zahlungen, die auf Grand oesterreichischer begraessen. Die Anspruchsteller werden sicn 17, BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK oder deutscher Gesetzgebung fuer denselben aber darueber klar sein muessen, dass *'*' . p, Telephone: ARN. 6671 Vermoegensschaden geleistet worden sind, oder ai'sserordentlich starken Belastung der ^j"','„„ zustehen, sind auf den Betrag der Zuwendung Wiedergutmachungsbehoerden die Abwickluns Personal attention of Mr. W. Schachmann anzurechnen. In diesem Zusammenhang sei der Verfahren noch eine geraume Zeit ' insbesondere darauf verwiesen, dass fuer Wert- Ansprach nehmen wird. AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 Page 3

GEMEEVDEBEDIENSTETE UND AENDERUNG DES LASTENAUSGLEICHSGESETZES NICHT-ERNANNTE REFERENDARE Novelle zmn BWGoeD Auf Grund von Beschluessen des Bundestags Beiliilfen an Vertriebene im Ausland und des Bundesrats, die noch vor den Parla- mentsferien ergangen sind, ist am 18 August Nach Artikel 11 des Lastenausgleichsgesetzes (f) Gewerbeberechtigungen im Sinne des 1961 ein Gesetz zur Aenderung des Gesetzes (LAG) ist Vertriebener, wer als deutscher Staats­ Bewertungsgesetzes; zur Regelung der Wiedergutmachung national­ angehoeriger o(ier deutscher Volkszugehoeriger (3) als Verlust von Wohnraum, sozialistischen Unrechts fuer Angehoerige des seinen Wohnsitz in den zurzeit unter fremder (4) als Verlust der beruflichen oder sonstigen oeffentlichen Dienstes (BWGoeD) ergangen Verwaltung stehenden deutschen Ost-Gebieten Existenzgrimdlage. (BGBl Nr. 68 vom 25.8.61). Fuer juedische Oder in den Gebieten ausserhalb der Grenzen des Nach § 230 LAG kann der Geschaedigte Ver- Verfolgte sind folgende Bestimmungen von Deutschen Reichs nach dem Gebietsstand vom 31. treibungschaeden grundsaetzlich nur geltend besonderem Interesse: Dezember 1937 hatte und diesen im Zusammen­ machen, wenn er am 31. Dezember 1952 seinen hang mit den Ergebnissen des zweiten Weltkrieges staendigen Aufenthalt im Gebiete der Bimdes- 1. Nach § 31 d des BWGoeD bisheriger infolge Vertreibung, insbesondere durch Aus­ Fassung in Verbindung mit § 1 der Durch- weisung oder Flucht, verloren hat. republik Deutschland oder in Berlin (West) gehabt hat. fuebmngsverordnung vom 6. Juli 1956 erhalten Vertriebener ist auch, wer als deutscher Staats­ angehoeriger oder deutscher Volkszugehoeriger Durch die Elfte Durchfuehrungsverordnung zum Versorgungszahlungen fruehere Bedienstete LAG vom 18. Dezember 1956 (B.G.Bl. I, S.932) juedischer Gemeinden oder oeffentlicher Ein­ (1) nach dem 30. Januar 1933 die genannten sind die einschraenkenden Stichtags- und Wohn- richtungen, die in Gebieten des Deutschen Gebiete verlassen und seinen Wohnsitz ausser­ sitzbestimmungen des § 230 LAG beseitigt worden, halb des Deutschen Reichs genommen hat, weil Reiches nach dem Stande vom 31. Dezember sodass die im Auslande lebenden Geschaedigten 1937 Oder in der ehemaUgen Freien Stadt aus Graenden politischer Gegnerschaft gegen auch Ansprueche erheben koennen. den Nationalsozialismus oder aus Gruenden Danzig ihren Sitz hatten, sowie ihre Hinter­ der Rasse, des Glaubens oder der Welt­ Durch Artikel II § 10 des 14. Gesetzes zur bliebenen. Kuenftighin sollen diesen Personen anschauung nationalsozialistische Gewalt- Aenderung des LAG vom 26. Juni 1961 (BGBl. die Bediensteten juedischer Gemeinden oder massnahmen gegen ihn veraebt worden sind I, S.785 ff) ist nunmehr die 11. Durchfuehrangsver- oeffentlicher Einrichtungen im Saargebiet oder Oder ihm drohten, ordnung durch folgende Bestimmungen erweitert worden: in den dem Deutschen Reich nach dem 31. (2) . . . Dezember 1937 angegliederten Gebieten, ein­ (3) nach Abschluss der allgemeinen Ver- Vertriebenen nach § 11 LAG, denen fest- schliesslich des ehemaligen Protektorats Boeh­ treibungsmassnahmen die zurzeit unter fremder stellungsfaehige Vermoegensschaeden im Sinne Verwaltung stehenden deutschen Ostgebiete: des § 12 LAG entstanden sind, koennen zur men und Maebren, gleichgestellt werden, sofem Danzig, Estland, Lettland, Litauen, die Sowjet- Abwendung einer gegenwaertigen Notlage im sie deutsche Staatsangehoerige oder deutsche Union, Polen. die Tschechoslowakei, Ungarn, Rahmen der fuer einen Sonderfonds durch Volkszugehoerige im Sinne des § 6 des Bundes­ Rumaenien, Bulgarien, Jugoslawien, Albanien den Bundeshaushaltsplan bereitgestellten Mittel vertriebenengesetzes sind. Oder China verlassen hat oder verlaesst, es Beihilfen gewaehrt werden, wenn sie die Vor- sei denn, dass er erst nach dem 8. Mai 1945 aussetzimgen des § 230 LAG nicht erfuellen, 2. Nach § 3 der obenerwaehnten Durch­ einen Wohnsitz in diesen Gebieten begraendet jedoch am 31. Dezember 1952 ihren Wohnsitz fuehrungsverordnung vom 6. Julj 1956 erhalten hat (Aussiedler), Oder staendigen Aufenthalt in einem Staate Personen, die nach dem 30. Januar 1933 aus (4) . . . hatten, der die Bundesrepublik am 1. April 1956 anerkannt hatte, und ini Zeitpunkt der Verfolgungsgruenden aus ihrem frueheren Beruf (5) . . . verdraengt worden waren und erst danach in (6) . . . Antragstellung ihren Wohnsitz oder staendigen Aufenthalt in diesen Gebieten oder im den Dienst einer juedischen Gemeinde oder Als Vertriebener gilt auch: Geltungsbereich des Lastenausgleichsgesetzes oeffentlichen Einrichtung eingetreten sind, keine wer, ohne selbst deutscher Staatsangehoeriger haben. Versorgungszahlungen. Sie waren bisher auf Oder deutscher Volkszugehoeriger zu sein, als etwaige Ansprueche auf Grund des Bundes­ Ehegatte eines Vertriebenen seinen Wohnsitz Beihilfen koennen nur an Personen gewaehrt ... in den genannten Gebieten verloren hat. werden, die an den obengenannten Stichtagen entschaedigungsgesetzes Oder des BWGoeD . Nach § 12 LAG ist ein Vertreibungsschaden deutsche Staatsangehoerige waren. Im beschraenkt. Diese Einschraenkung wird nun­ yn Sinne des Gesetzes—freilich mit gewissen in uebrigen muessen die persoenlichen und mehr auf Grund des Aenderungsgesetzes §12 Abs. 2 .bestimmten Einschraenkungen—ein sachlichen Voraussetzungen fuer die Gewaeh­ beseitigt. Schaden ,der einem Vertriebenen im Zusammen- rung von Beihilfen entsprechend den Vor­ "ang mit den gegen Personen deutscher Staats- schriften des Vierten Teils des Allgemeinen 3. Geschaedigte, fuer die zur abgeschlossenen ^ngehoerigkeit oder deutscher Volkszugehoerig­ Kriegsfolgengesetzes erfuellt sein. Die Leistun­ Ausbildung fuer ihren Beruf nach Bestehen der keit gerichteten Vertreibungsmassnahmen in den gen duerfen nach Art und Hoehe hoechstens das Hochschulstudium abschliessenden Prue­ Zurzeit unter fremder Verwaltung stehenden den Umfang der Haertebeihilfen nach dem Allgemeinen Kriegsfolgengesetz erreichen. fung ein staatlicher Vorbereitungsdienst vorge­ oeutschen Ostgebieten oder in Gebieten ausser- schrieben war und deren Uebemahme in den nalb der Grenzen des Deutschen Reichs nach dem Das Naehere zur Durchfuehrung dieser yebietsstand vom 31. Dezember 1937 entstanden Bestimmungen wird durch Richtlinien der Vorbereitungsdienst nach bestandener Pruefung ist Bundesregierung bestimmt werden. Diese (z.B. Referendarexamen) aus Verfolgungs­ koennen zur Anpassung an die tatsaechlichen gruenden unterblieben ist, erhalten vom 1. (1) an Wirtschaftsguetera, die zum land- und und rechtlichen Verhaeltnisse des Aufenthalts­ Januar 1961 ab einen Unterhaltsbeitrag in forstwirtschaftlichen Vermoegen, zum Grund- landes auch die Gewaehrung nur einzelner Hoehe von 50 v.H. der ruhegehaltsfaehigen vermoegen oder zum Betriebsvermoegen im Beihilfearten oder von Leistimgen in unter- Dienstbezuege aus der Eingangsstufe der Sinne des Bewertungsgesetzes gehoeren. schiedlicher Hoehe vorsehen. Soweit dies zur (2) an folgenden Wirtschaftsguetern: Vermeidung besonderer Haerten veranlasst ist, Besoldungsgruppe 13 der Besoldungsordnung (a) an Gegenstaenden, die fuer die Berafs- koennen femer Beihilfen auch an Vertriebene A, (Landgerichtsrat oder Regierungsrat), sofern ausuebung oder fuer die wissenschaftliche nichtdeutscher Staatsangehoerigkeit vorgesehen anzunehmen ist, dass sie ohne die Verfolgung Forschung erforderlich sind, werden ; dabei kann anstelle einer Beihilfe zum voraussichtlich eine Anstellung im hoeheren (b) an Hausrat, Lebensunterhalt ein angemessener Kapital- Dienst und eine Anwartschaft auf beamten- (c) an Reichsmarkspareinlagen, betrag gewaehrt werden. rechtliche Versorgung erhalten haetten. (d) anderen privatrechtlichen geldwerten Anspruechen als Reichsmarkspareinlagen. Fuer die Organisation und das Verfahren gelten die §§76 bis 79 und 81 bis 83 des Die Verfolgten sind dem Wiedergutmachungs­ (e) an Anteilen an Kapitalgesellschaften ausschuss des Bundestags, der trotz beacht- sowie an Geschaeftsguthaben bej Erwerbs- Allgemeinen Kriegsfolgengesetzes. Fuer die und Wirtschaftsgenossenschaften, Antragstellung kann in den Richtlinien eine licher rechtsystematischer Bedenken diese Rege­ angemessene Frist bestimmt werden. lung vorgeschlagen und durchgebracht hat, zu Zur Abgeltung von Vertreibungschaeden besonderem Danke verpflichtet. im Sinne des § 12 LAG sowie zur Milderang ^orta RadioTision von Haerten, die infolge dieser Schaeden ein­ Fuer Personen, denen auf Grund der Novelle getreten sind, koennen Leistungen vorbehalt- zum BWGoeD erstmalig Wiedergutmachungs­ Service Uch wirtschaftsfoerdemder Massnahmen nach ansprueche zustehen, endet die Frist zur Stel­ (Member R.T.R.A.) anderen Gesetzen und unbeschadet der Ueber- lung des Wiedergutmachungsantrages mit brueckungsmassnahmen nach den Richtlinien Ablauf des 31. Dezember 1962. 13. Frognal Parade, vom 4. Juni 1960 (Bundesanzeiger Nr. 185) Finchley Road, N.WJ ausschliesslich nach den Vorschriften des LAG oder nach den obigen Bestimmungen gewaehrt SALES REPAIRS werden. AU Leading Makes Supplied In der Geschaeftsstelle der United Restitution Electrical Appliance* Stocked Oreanisation, 183/189, Finchley Road. London, N.W.3, ist eine Liste von Juristen erhaeltlich, die Wir kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, Mr. Gort will always be pleased to Spezialisten auf dem Gebiete des Lastenaus- Aulographen und moderne Graphik advise you. gleichsrechts sind und die Vertretung von Direktor: Dr, Joseph Suschitzky ^ (HAM. 8635) Berechtigten zu uebemehmen bereit sind. 38a BOUNDARY ROAD, LONDON, N.W'S F.G. T«lAph»n.. MAI. 3030=== Page 4 AJR INFORMATION September, 1961

JEWISH QUESTION DEBATED AT BERLIN THE GERMAN SCENE KIRCHENTAG More than 5,000 people attended the two days' session of the " Arbeitsgruppe 6 (Juden und TRIALS JEWS IN GERMAN GOVERNMENT Christen)" convened under the auspices of the UNDESIRABLE ? 10th Protestant Church Assembly in Berlin. The In Munich, Dr. Otto Bradfisch, a former S.S wall of the " Messehalle ", where the session took Sturmbannfuehrer and leader of " Einsatzkom­ An investigation carried out by D.I.V.O., a place, was adorned by a Magen David and a mando Eight", was found guilty as an accessory research institute for public opinion, revealed Cross against the background of a burning syna­ to murder in 15,000 cases and sentenced to ten that 41 per cent of the people approached raised gogue. The large audience, a surprise for those years' penal servitude. Two of his accomplices, objections against a possible inclusion of Jews in who had prepared the function, reflected the bum­ Wilhelm Schulz and Oskar Winkler, were sen­ high Government positions ; 39 per cent had the ing interest of the delegates in getting at the roots tenced to seven and three years' penal servitude sarne objections against the inclusion of former of a problem which overshadowed the darkest respectively. The defendants had claimed that emigres, and 63 per cent against Government posts period of contemporary history. The speakers they had acted on instructions from higher for former Nazis. were Professor Vriezen (Utrecht), Rabbi Dr. Geis quarters. The presiding judge stated that this was (Dusseldorf), Professor Dr. Kupisch (Berlin), Pro­ no excuse. Though the main culprits were fessor Dr. Kraus (Hamburg), Dr. Eva Reichmann, Hitler, Himmler and Heydrich, the defendants HITLER'S SECOND BOOK Professor Dr. Gollwitzer (Berlin), Schalom Ben- should have been aware of their superiors' crael Chorin (Jerusalem), Helene Jacobs and Propst motives. Grueber. Dr. Franz Razesberger, a former S.S. Major On the initiative of the German Institute of and now a " Polizeirat" with the Vienna police, Contemporary History at Munich, a book written A statement, issued after the session, appeals was found not guilty in Vienna of a charge of by Hitler in 1928 now entitled "Hitler's Zweites to the German public to co-operate in passing on an order for the shooting of 300 Jews Buch ", has been published by a Bonn publishing overcoming the past and, among others, puts for­ in the Ukraine in 1942. house. ward the following demands : parents and teachers All 5,000 copies of the first edition have been should break the silence and admit their failure sold out, 3,000 in advance orders. Considerable to the young generation ; persons responsible for NAZI SENTENCE QUASHED interest in the publication has been displayed in the crimes committed should be removed from Germany and abroad. A second edition of the their olfices ; the well-being of the Jewish fellow- In 1942 Charlotte Klaes, a Jewish woman book is contemplated by the publishers, although citizens in Germany should be furthered and the married to a Gentile, was sentenced to death the Institute does not want to make it a " best­ efforts towards the peaceful development of the seller ". The proceeds from the sale of the book State of Israel should be supported ; lastly, by the Sondergericht Wuerzburg and executed. the erroneous conception that God had rejected She had bought ration cards which been stolen will be used to support organisations helping victims of Nazi persecution. the Jews should be rectified, because it was in con­ from Ihe Municipal Office. Her husband fought trast to the teachings of the New Testament. for her rehabilitation, stating that most of the Although there had been doubts about the cards had been used for the benefit of Jews due advisability of publishing the book, it had been for deportation. His late wife, he stated, had decided that publication could serve a useful withheld this explanation at the trial because she purpose provided a critical commentary were ISSUE OF EINSTEIN STAMP did not want to endanger her fellow-Jews. After added. The Director of the Institute, Dr. lengthy legal proceedings the Bamberg High Krausnick, said that in this way a tendentious A German three-mark stamp to be issued this Court has now posthumously acquitted the late publication at a later date of Hitler's manuscript summer will portray the late Albert Einstein. The Mrs. Klaes. by neo-Nazis had been forestalled. He said stamp is one in a new definitive series depicting that the publication had been welcomed by his­ notable Germans. The set will replace the current torians and other experts conducting research issues showing the head of President Heuss. AUSCHWITZ TRIAL IN FRANKFURT into the history of Nazism. Israel in 1956 also issued a stamp depicting Einstein, Preliminary criminal investigations have been opened by the Frankfurt Criminal Court against NEAR-NAZIS PRAISE GOLLANCZ 24 former members of the Auschwitz concentra­ AWARD FOR DR. OSCAR ROSENBERG tion camp staff. The list is headed by the last The German near-Nazi Deutsche Soldaten- The Federal Cross of Merit, First Class, was commandant of the camp, the former SS- zeitung praised Victor Gollancz for the views Obersturmbannfuehrer Richard Baer, who had bestowed on Dr. med. Oscar Rosenberg. For expressed by him in his recent pamphlet " The many years. Dr. Rosenberg was the Medical been in hiding under a false name and was Case of Adolf Eichmann." " One can only bow- arrested last year. Other defendants are the aide Director of the Berlin Jewish Hospital. He recently one's head in the face of such humility and went into retirement. to one camp commandant, four members of the human greatness," the paper wrote. However, political department of the camp administration, it did not agree with Gollancz on the abolition and several doctors, dentists and guards. of the death penalty. If Eichmann were found AUSTRIAN RTTUAL MURDER LEGEND guilty by a " properly constituted German court, he should suffer whatever penalty the court saw DISPELLED ATTEMPT TO EXCULPATE GLOBKE fit to impose, including the death sentence."— (W.L.) Vestiges of the ritual murder legend of Rinn Dr. Rainer Barzel, a Christian Democratic (Tyrol) were recently dispelled. The story member of the Federal Parliament, has asserted referred to the death of a nine-year-old boV that Dr. Hans Glofeke, the West German Secre­ called Anderl who, as far back as 1462, had tary of State, was a member of the German "DEUTSCHE VOELKISCHE allegedly been put to death by Jews and who was resistance movement at the time when he served GEMEINSCHAFT " sanctified by the Pope several centuries ago. as a senior oflScial in the Nazi Ministry of the During the Nazi period and even several years Interior, and belonged to the group of men who A " Deutsche Voelkische Gemeinschaft" was afterwards, annual performances with reference to engineered the abortive attempt on Hitler's life recently founded in Kassel. According to the the legend were arranged by local lay players- in July, 1944. programme, the objects of the new party are the At the intervention of the Federation of Jewish Dr. Barzel claimed that Dr. Globke had been unification of Germany and the re-erection of communities in Austria, the Austrian League for chosen by the German resistance movement the " Deutsche Reich ". The founder and chair­ Human Rights and several other organisations, during the Nazi regime as the " shadow " Secre­ man js a 66-year-old butcher in Kassel, Alois these plays were forbidden some time ago. The tary of State, to be installed after Hitler's down­ Gebauer, a former member of the Deutsche intervention of these organisations recently also fall. Dr. Globke, he said, had remained at his Reichspartei. He has started collecting signatures resulted in the removal of tablets and emblems post at the express request of the movement for his candidature in the Federal German inside the church which were meant to coffl' opposed to Nazism. elections. memorate the alleged ritual murder. These claims have come as a surprise to political circles in Bonn. Herr H. Jahn, a Social Democratic Deputy, declared that the name of Dr. Globke ought not to be mentioned in the same breath as the names of those who had laid down their lives in a valiant attempt to end Nazi dictatorship. Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. The British Board of Film Censors have refused Plato Films a certificate for the film " Operation J" about the association with the Bankers Nazi policy of racial purity of Dr. Hans Globke. In a letter to Plato Films the Board observes : BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 " The film appears to have been made for the puroose of damaging the reputation of an Telephone: METropolitan 8151 mdividual" and it would thus not be in the public interest to show the film commercially. Representing: Mr. Stanley Forman. Managing Director of I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. i FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION Plato Films, nas approached the London County TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 60 EAST 42nd ST.. NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. Council for their own certificate and is hoping to have the fihn shown to M.P.s. AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 Page 5 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA New Refugees FAREWELL TO HERR VON HERWARTH ISRAEL SHOP IN LONDON The Jews' Temporary Shelter has more than doubled the average number of residents in its As readers will have seen from the national A privately-owned, Israel shop was opened at premises in the East End. They come mainly 76 New Oxford Street. The Israeli Consul- from India but there are also some from Morocco Press, the term of office of the German General, Mr. G. Shomron, spoke at the opening Ambassador, Herr Hans von Herwarth, has who are British subjects. ceremony, and the Mayor of London, Sir The Board of Guardians' Boys' Industrial come to an end. He will leave for Bonn Bernard Waley-Cohen, sent a message wishing the Department and the Sabbath Observance Employ­ shortly, to become Secretary of State in the venture success. ment Bureau have reported a greater number of Federal President's Chancellery. His successor enquiries from young Jews of India, Pakistan JEWISH-OWNED PREMISES FOR MOSLEY and Aden who have come here to study or to in London will be Herr Hasso von Etzdorf. For some time Jewish-owned premises in Man­ work. Herr von Herwarth's effective work as an chester have been leased to a leading member of Mosley's Union Movement, for use as a Bingo New Home for Aged Ambassador and his wide popularity in all club. It is believed that part, if not all, of the quarters of British life were stressed in many proceeds have gone to the Movement. The Executive Committee of the Home for comments on the announcement. The feelings The Defence Committee of the Board of Aged Jews is planning a new London home where of genuine regret at his departure are shared Deputies has intervened to try and prevent these the residents will be people able to pay towards premises being used for this purpose. Many the cost of their maintenance. This idea had long by the Jews from Germany in this country Jews are believed to have been members of the been thought of but had been put aside so that whose representatives had the privilege of Club without knowing its purpose.—(J.C.) people without means could be catered for first. meeting him and being in contact with him on Recently the Isaac Wolfson Foundation had YOUTH GROUP'S LINK WITH FASCISM donated £10.000 towards a home for elderly many occasions. To establish a relationship people who can afford to pay for their accom­ with members of our community and to help It would appear that the recently formed modation but who have nowhere to go. to undo the wrongs of the past was for him •• Young Britain Movement", administered by a company known as Fellowship and Service Ltd., not just a matter of policy. It was one of is linked with Mosley's Union Movement. Some Warsaw Ghetto Exhibition those issues which were particularly near to of the company's eight directors are known to It has been decided by the five organisations bis heart. TTnus he succeeded in overcoming have strong connections with the Movement. It is reported that some young people have sponsoring the Warsaw Ghetto Exhibition recently the initial reservation with which we were been collecting money from the public to form held in London that, because of public demand, bound to consider the representative of a youth clubs all over Britain.—(J.C.) it be shown in other parts of the country. country which, under the Nazi regime, had About 4,000 people, including visitors from HENDON'S "TWINNING" WITH BERLIN many parts of the world, saw the exhibition mflicted such indescribable wounds on our during its last fortnight. It is believed that about people. However, if an atmosphere of mutual Some controversy seems to have arisen out of three-quarters of them were non-Jewish. Confidence quickly developed, it is also due to Hendon Borough Council's decision to link with the West Berlin District of Tempelhof. The Town Leeds Rabbi for South Africa? another facet of his personality. Stiffness and Clerk of Hendon said that he had received only formality, the qualities which we are inclined one letter of complaint and that applications had Rabbi H. Medalie, of Leeds, was invited by the to associate with Gennan officials of high been received from Jewish families in Hendon United Hebrew Congregation of Johannesburg for Itheir children to be among those in the standing, are entirely alien to him. He is for a fortnight's visit. He is regarded as a pos­ planned exchange visits of 20 children from each sible candidate for the Chief Rabbinate in succes­ easily accessible, and, by his natural and town. sion to Dr. L. I. Rabinowitz, who intends to settle unassuming manners, has gained the affection The Minister of Hendon Synagogue stated he in Israel. Dr. Medalie is a graduate of Man­ of many in our midst. would not be happy in recommending these chester University and was born in Vitebsk in exchanges. The rising German generation should 1916. Herr von Herwarth's own attitude has also not be allowed to forget what their parents and grandparents did to innocent people. The been an inspiration for those who work under Minister of the North-West Reform Synagogue Rabbi for New York ms guidance at the Embassy, and thus his work took the view that this feeling must be overcome, Rabbi Dr. Alan W. Miller, at present minister m London will leave its impact also after he A former non-Jewish Hendon Alderman. Mr. of the South-West Essex Reform Synagogue, has has left. We express our sincerest thanks for R. J, Knowles, js one of the chief objectors to been appointed spiritual leader of the Society for the scheme. He said: "I cannot think of a the Advancement of Judaism in New York, and ms constant active interest in our special prob­ greater insult to the many refugees who have will take up his new post in December. Rabbi lems and our best wishes for his future career. over the past years become ratepayers in this Miller was bora in Hull in 1926 and is a graduate borough." of Jews' College and the Leo Baeck College. The oflficial party which will visit Tempelhof next month will include a former Jewish Mayor of Hendon, Alderman J. L. Freedman. In a Rally Against Panzer Troops statement, issued by the Town Clerk, particular Mr. Leon Abse, M.P., was one of the speakers Ache rmans stress was laid on the fact that Alderman Freed­ who addressed the rally of about 400 people held man was a Jew.—(J.C.) in Swansea to protest against the admission of German Panzer troops into Wales. Mr. Abse GERMAN EMBASSY COMMEMORATES said the Eichmann trial was a stark reminder of RESISTANCE FIGHTERS what took place the last time German Panzers Chocolates moved across Europe. A plaque in memory of three resistance fighters De Luxe who had been members of the German Embassy in London was unveiled recently in the House Jewish Schools Psychologically Sound •N BEAUTIFULLY of the Embassy. It is dedicated to Botschaftsrat Professor R. Powell, Lecturer in Roman Law at DESIGNED Graf Albrecht Bernstorff, Attache Herbert von Mumm, and Legationssekretaer Eduard Brueckl- London University, when he was guest speaker at PRESENTATION meier. At the ceremony, an address was delivered the Hasmonean Grammar School for Boys' Speech by Sir Harold Nicolson. Day, said it was psychologically sound for a BOXES Jewish child to receive the education of his most formative years in the natural environment of his IN PARLIAMENT MARZIPAN own people and his own traditions. Director of Arab Centre The Professor said the pupils at Jewish schools SPEaAUTIES were free from the anxieties of antisemitism Sir Barnett Janner asked in Parliament whether within the school and could obtain a reasonably Mr. Edward Heath, Lord Privy Seal, was aware satisfactory level of Jewish education without that " the person who until recently was Minister trespassing upon spare time, and were free from BAUMKUCHEN Plenipotentiary at the Lebanese Embassy has the anxiety of becoming totally assimilated. now been appointed first director of the Arab 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., League Information Centre in London." Sir Jewish Composers LONDON, W.8 Barnett wanted to know whether he would be WES. 4359 and allowed to retain full diplomatic privileges and The Jewish Music Council hopes that during immunity while directing the activities of the Jewish Music Month next January, one of the 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, Centre. events will be devoted entirely tp new com­ FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.6 Mr. Heath replied that he was not aware that positions. The opening concert for Jewish Music MAI 2742 Mr. Rizk had ceased to be a member of the Month will be given by the Chief Cantor of the diplomatic staff of the Lebanese Embassy in Great Synagogue, Tel Aviv, Chazan Benjamin London. Ungvar. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 NEWS FROM ABROAD SOUTH AFRICA Paper attaclcs Israel INTERNATIONAL NAZIS LITHUANIAN JEWRY Die Transvaler, Dr. Verwoerd's newspaper, has reacted sharply to the condemnation of South The Left-wing Paris daily, Liberation, reports The number of Jewish persons in Vilna is given that a black spider, the insignia of the " Black Africa's policy of apartheid by Israel. This con­ as between 12,000 and 15,000. demnation was issued on behalf of Israel and International", has appeared on several leaflets A report stating this says that most Jews are the Voltaic Republic by Mr. Ben-Gurion and issued by the Secret Army Organisation, the engaged in local industries and a small number in President Maurice Yameogo, at the conclusion exitreme Right-wing underground group led by horticulture. There is one synagogue which holds of the latter's Stati visit to Israel. General R. Salan. regular services and the supply of prayer books is The newspaper expressed astonishment that The " Black Intemational " is led by the ex-S.S. stated as adequate. South Africa's internal affairs should be the sub­ officer. Otto Skorzeny, now living in Ireland, As in Kovno, former capital of Lithuania where ject of a statement by the Governments of the the Belgian ex-collaborator, Leon Degrelle, now about 5,000 Jews are today living, Yiddish is Voltaic Republic and Israel. The article com­ living in Spain, the Italian Julion Borghese, and pared the Afrikaaner's struggle in South Africa the French ex-collaborator. Maurice Bardeche. spoken freely but there is no Yiddish school. Quite a few of Lithuania's Jews, who adopted with Israel's struggle in the Middle East, and According to the same report, a French section branded the statement as an unfriendly act. It of the S.S. veterans' group called the French Russian citizenship in the early stages of the advised Skjuth African Jewry " to do some Popular Movement, consisting mainly of French­ Second World War, can travel freely to Russia information work in Jerusalem ".—(J.C.) men who fought in the Nazi Charlemagne S.S. proper, and many have availed themselves of the Division, has also been formed.—(J.C.) opportunity to visit Jewish communities in the Soviet Union. There is thus more frequent con­ Former Pro-Nazi becomes Minister RABBI FREEDOM RIDERS tact between Jews in Lithuania and Russia than Mr. John Vorster has been appointed Minister is the case with Jews in other Republics forming of Justice in the South African Government in Rabbi Sidney Shaken headed a Freedom Ride part of the U.S.S.R. succession to Mr. Erasmus. Mr. Vorster was a against racial segregation in the Southern States. Intermarriage is reported to be very rare in former leader of the pro-Nazi movement, the He led his group south after a huge rally at Lithuania, unlike the position in other parts of Ossewa Brandwag, whose objective it was to Newark, New Jersey. the U.S.S.R. sabotage the war effort.—(J.C.) The rally and the expedition were sponsored The Vilna Yiddish dramatic troupe has staged by an organisation called the Committee to Sup­ a number of performances in Riga, the capital of BRAZILIAN ORDER AGAINST ANTI- port Freedom Riders. Rabbi Shaken said to a Soviet Latvia. Reports from Riga state that the Jewish Chronicle correspondent : " This is not a concerts were well attended by the local Jewish JEWISH DEFINITIONS matter of publicity. It is something every Jew population. This is the first time that the Yiddish ought to do." troupe has been granted permission to perform in An order designed to eliminate from all text­ Five American rabbis have already taken part Riga.—(J.C.) books used in Brazilian State Schools any in Freedom Ride bus trips in the south, and two reference that may be offensive to national, racial were gaoled for trying to break the colour bar or religious groups in the Republic has been in an airport restaurant at Tallahassee, Florida. ZIONIST LEADER IN MOSCOW issued by President Janio Quadros. This order refers specifically to the Portuguese- CHAGALL WINDOWS IN PARIS Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, the American Zionist language dictionary by Professor Silvera Bueno Marc Chagall's twelve stained-glass windows leader, has paid a private three weeks' visit to and was issued after the Confederation of Jewish designed for the synagogue of the new Hadassah the Soviet Union, where he met a number of Communities in Brazil had protested against Medical Centre in Jerusalem are on show in Paris high Government officials with whom he dis­ Professor Bueno's refusal to eliminate many anti- until September, at a special exhibition held in cussed the problem of religious and cultural Jewish definitions from his dictionary. The the Museum of Decorative Art. The French freedom for Russian Jews. President's order states that the dictionary should Minister of Culture, who opened the exhibition, be banned from all schools in the land, if the called the windows a " unique work of art ". author is not prepared to accept the order.—(J.C.) The windows depict the twelve tribes of Israel. FILM OF BIRO-BIDJAN Also on show are 36 preparatory drawings and TUNISIAN JEWRY 24 rough sketches made by Chagall for the According to reports from Moscow, a film on windows, which took him two years to complete. Biro-Bidjan—a reissue of one originally made Since the fighting in Bizerta broke out, about some 25 years ago—is attracting thousands of 500 Jews, 50 per cent of them French citizens, people, mainly Jews, to a Moscow cinema. have arrived in France from Tunisia. Some 5,000 The film, " The Seekers of Happiness" French citizens left Tunisia for France, some (" Glicken-Sicher") was made when the first having decided to leave after arbitrary arrest, and Jewish settlers arrived in Biro-Bidjan to establish others of whom were expelled. what was to be a Soviet Jewish autonomous There appears to be no systematic victiniisa- region. The script is written by a Jewish author tion of Tunisian Jews and there is no panic within and the music, based on Jewish songs intermixed the community, according to the emigrants arriving with Russian and Ukrainian melodies, was com­ in France. Apprehension, however, is felt and this posed by the Jewish musician, I. Dunayevsky.— is confirmed by the sharp increase in the number (J.C.) of applications for emigration. There are about 35,000 Jews in Tunisia, of NAZI CRIMES IN POLAND whom about 7,000 also have French citizenship- —(J.C.) The West German authorities have begun an investigation into the anti-Jewish measures PASSPORT DIFFICULTIES IN MOROCCO initial^ by the Nazis advancing into Poland dur­ ing the early days of the Second World War, According to Mr. David Amar, General Secre­ THE LUTON when the Jews were forced out of the Polish tary of the Jewish Communities' Council m resort town of Zakopane, This was part of a Rabat, it is more diflScult now for Moroccan Jews persecution wave that engulfed the entire district to obtain passports. Mr. Amar, in an article ip of Nowy-Targ. The towns in which the perse­ the Council's monthly paper, writes that apph' KNITTING cutions took place include Bialka, Dembno, cants for passports are victims of all kinds oi Czamy-Dunajec and Nowy-Targ and Zakopane. vexations and rebuffs. The World Jewish Congress in New York has "Since the death of His Majesty" (King COMPANY been asked for help in these invesitigations. Sur­ Mohammed V, who promised the Jewish com­ vivors of the above towns who can give evidence munity that the issue of passports would be a concerning Nazi crimes in the area are asked mere administrative formality) "the instrucuons LTD. to communicate with Dr. Nehemiah Robinson, he gave have remained a dead letter and tne Director of the World Jewish Congress Institute administrative annoyances have become worse of Jewish Affairs. 15 East 84th Street, New than ever before". In the small towns, states Manufacturers of Jersey Cloth York 28. Mr. Amar, it is possible to obtain passports only in very exceptional cases and in the larger cities and Knitted Headwear formalities take several months. YUGOSLAVIAN COMMUNITIES Rabbi Haim Elferchi has been appointed as Wholesole only the new rabbi for Agadir. The appointnrteni, The Yugoslav Jewish communities have failed by the Moroccan Ministers of Finance, has been 664-668 DUNSTABLE ROAD, to obtain Yugoslav-born rabbis. Attempts to madMrtn.4.e. despit.4A«n.*ted thtUae facf.ir.* t tha*Uftt t thtUae smalemolll numbenumberr Ol LUTON, BEDFORDSHIRE find rabbis abroad have met with no success, since Jews now living in Agadir does not appear it o any candidate would have to know at least one justify it. The reason for the appointment. ' Tel.: Luton 52516/7 Slav language. Today, Sarajevo is the only Jewish seems, is to persuade former Jewish resident congreeation in Yugoslavia with a rabbi of its who now live in Marrakesh or Casablanca own. (JX:.) return.—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 Page 7 Egon Larsen Old Acquaintances

This and That : Hans Albers's three sisters are PRAGUE REVISITED contesting his will and claim a share in his Your first reaction is that of amazement. own profession. The anti-intellectualism of DM 3.7 million heritage. His life-long com­ Strolling again down the Wenzelsplatz, 23 the authorities often bears strange fruit. "There panion Hansi Burg, the sole heiress, said it was years after seeing it the last time, you can- understood that she would help and assist is a new railway bridge across the Moldau, the sisters as Albers would have wanted it.— iiot notice any change at all, at least not at a called the " Bridge of the Intellectuals " among Stefanie Roussell, born in Vienna as Steffi first glance. A quarter of a century of world the people. It was mainly built by eggheads, Landeis, has been made an oflBcer of the Legion history, of war, occupation, and revolution with a sprinkling of Jews among them, who d'Honneur; during the war she was on the staff does not seem to have touched the town. There " volunteered " to demonstrate their friendship of France-Libre in London. She is now a Bonn Were no gaps torn by bombs and shells, later with the proletariat. Others spend some time correspondent of French newspapers.—Felix G. to be filled by new buildings. working in the mines or in heavy industry. Gerstman, who, together with Gerd von Gontard, presented Gustaf Gruendgens' ensemble with Soon, however, you notice the change They receive, of course, appropriate wages, " Faust" in New York, has been awarded the within. Little has remained of Prague's coffee­ which are twice as high m these jobs than in, "Cross of Merit" first class by the Bonn house life, once one of its famous characteris­ say, office employment. What can you do Government; he wiU take Duesseldorf's cabaret tics. The cafes are still where they used to with your money ? You can, for instance, " Kommoedchen " over to the States shortly and be, though new names have been given to eat superbly well; the restaurants—many run has invited Em&t Deutsch to play in " Nathan" most of them ; but the " regulars " have gone, by other Eastern nationalities—are first class, and "Vor Sonnenuntergang" next year. 'he typical Stammgdste who would spend their unless you insist on having your meal in one afternoons or evenings sipping a succession of of the few dreary places called something Milestones : Werner Ackermann, who wanted to become an actor and is now the prosperous cups of coffee and glasses of water, reading like " House of Friendship " or the like. And manufacturer of chocolates, is sixty. He has two the newspapers of two dozen countries. AU the famous " Koruna " buffet feeds you better shops of his own in London. Ackermann hails you can read now, apart from the Czecho­ than ever on very little money. from Berlin, where was a doctor of law and a slovak press, are the Daily Worker, the Theoretically, anybody can get any job if habitual first-nighter. When he came to England Hiimanite, and Neues Deutschland. With the he has the necessary qualifications. In prac­ he first tried to introduce " Baumkuchen". How­ ever, when this did not tum out a success, he World's press, the intellectuals have gone ; and tice, however, people with relatives or connec­ with the intellectuals, the Jews. concentrated on his chocolate specialities which tions abroad will rarely be employed by have now become a houshold word in London. . Two thousand five hundred of them are left enterprises or authorities dealing with Western Notwithstanding his business activities, he is still m Prague out of the former number of over countries, such as export agencies or the State interested in arts and artists, and only compara­ 40,000; there are no more than 18,000 out of tourist organisation; and this principle tively recently, painting has become one of his 400,000 left in the whole of Czechoslovakia. operates, of course, against the Jews. In cases favourite pastimes.—^The actor Oscar Homolka, One of them told me of their present life and who now lives in the States, is sixty.—Adrienne where " soft" jobs become redundant it is Gessner, the Austrian actress who spent the war problems. In Masaryk's and Benesch's repub- usually the intellectuals or those with bourgeois "c, Jews could register their nationality (as years in America and is now a member of backgrounds who have to go first and find Vienna's "Burg", celebrated her 65th birthday apart from citizenship) as " Jewish " in their other employment. recently.—Librettist Rudolf Oesterreicher, respon­ passports ; this is no longer possible: they are sible for many Viennese operattas, is eighty.— S-zechoslovaks, and that's that. Anti-Semitism Paul Westheim. the former editor of Das 's a severely punishable offence, and there are Jewish Quarters Preserved Kunstblati, who is now a professor of art history many books, films, and other publications in Mexico, is 75 years old ; he wrote the first Strangely enough, the Jewish quarters with Kokoschka monography. oenouncing Hitler's actions against the Jews. the synagogues and the famous old cemetery •^et there seems to be some basic suspicion of were not touched by the Nazis. They wanted Berlin !\eu>s : On October 25th Hans Woelffer, tnem—not because they are Jews, but because to preserve them as " relics of an extinct race ". many of them are intellectuals and most of of Berlin's " Komoedie" will take over the Thus the Altneuschul is still open for service "Theater des Westens", which until now was tuein have family ties and interests in the West, and visitors, who are shown around by full- temporarily used as West Berlin's " State Opera ". t^s in all Communist countries, Israel appears time guides employed by the State. It is now It will open with " My Fair Lady", starring as the special bugbear. part of the " Jewish State Museum" which Paul Hubschmid as "Higgins", F. Schoenfelder as "Pickering", and A. Schieske as "Dolittle". To all intents and purposes, emigration of comprises six departments, including a most The producer will be Svend Aage Larsen, who ^?echoslovak Jews to Israel has been stopped. impressive and excellently arranged collection will be assisted by Wolfgang Spiers. Robert VKiting friends and relatives in the West is of documents, pictures, and objects from the Gilbert has adapted " My Fair Lady" to itficult. You have to apply for permission concentration camps in a house overlooking German, and no other German theatre is per­ J°?'.y for yourself, your family has to stay the cemetery. Groups of tourists, school­ mitted to show the musical during the Berlin ^mnd) and pay Kc 100 (£2 10s, at the tourist children, delegations from the provinces are ran.—West Berlin's "State Opera" will now •^te) on application. After a few weeks or shown round every day. And the tomb of move to the rebuilt "Deutsche Opernhaus". "jonths you are told whether it has been the great Rabbi Loew, the creator of the Obituary : Eduard von Winterstein has died in 3 anted or not. If not, no reasons are given, Golem, is still laden with pebbles, each repre­ West Beriin shortly before his 90th birthday. He ^a your Kc 100 is not repaid. Some anony- senting some pious visitor's wish. was the oldest member of Max Reinhardt's ous official makes the decision, and you The Czechoslovak State subsidises the small ensemble; only a short while ago he still annot appeal against it. You may, however, Jewish community, and its archceological appeared on the stage in Lessing's "Nathan".— In Vienna Dagny Servaes has died, aged 67 ; the lu V ^^^'" ^^'^'' ^ while—perhaps you'll be department has dug out the Pinkas Synagogue beautiful daughter of the late drama critic, uckier next lime. It is, of course, much down to its earliest foundations, which are Franz Servaes, was well-known on the stage and Ea^'f^ to go to some other country of the on the same level as those of the adjoining screen.—Fifty-four-year-old actor and director astern block, except to Eastem Germany, cemetery. A few steps down to the main hall Petre Preses, who returned from the States after T^^ of the Berlin escape route, of the synagogue, and through the tall windows the war, died in Vienna after an operation. hea ? filing of being bottled up weighs you can see the present top level of the cemetery, some thirty feet above—the Jewish yews from Everyivhere : Anton Walbrook will (> !jy on some of the few Jews in the new open Munich's new theatre in "Hotel Bayrischer zechoslovak republic—that, and the lack of community, always cramped for space, buried Hof" with "Ein Glass Wasser".—Lord Mayor on?^*7" newspapers. The Prague dailies have its dead on top of each other in the course Willy Brandt will sponsor a "Rudolf Nelson land r^ pages, six on Sundays. The home- of the centuries. Memorial" evening in Berlin in aid of the " Anne sco r ^^^^^' the master reporter, offers little When you enter the Pinkas Synagogue you Frank Foundation ".—Joseph Cari-Josefovicz has tL°P^ ^^^ unbiased joumalist. "At least have the vague impression that the large hall designed the decors for "The Tenth Man" in Bel­ yg P^P«rs don't publish anything that makes has been given a fine modem wallpaper. But gium.—Anton D'ffring of London will shortly a u, "^f^ous ", my Jewish informant said with it is no wallpaper. The entire hall, from top appear in Coward's "Quadrille" on TV in Munich. to bottom, is inscribed, in alphabetical order, —William Dieterie will produce " Richard II" in r.« •l.^™''^- " We're living in the best of all Basle,—In Rome Fritz Lang is preparing an possible worlds, you see ? " with the names of 78,000 Jews from Czecho­ Indian picture " Kali-Yug ".—Beriin will get a ha« '^ 50 they are, in a way. Czechoslovakia slovakia, including many German refugees, new theatre " Forum " above the " Kopenhagen " the F° *^°"^'' ^^^ highest standard of living in who perished in the extermination camps. The restaurant at the Kurfuerstendamm.—Lilli Palmer acf • ^^'^'^". block. Prague is teeming with lettering, in black and red on white ground, and Charles Boyer are starring in a film version visi7"^' ^''^ young people, with foreign gives the dates of death. This quiet, unfur­ of Maughan's "Theater" in Vienna.—After ally f "^^ shops—though the goods, especi- nished hall is certainly one of the most impres­ Vienna had already lost its three theatres, " Stadt Q, ,,.i^'°thing, are expensive and of inferior sive monuments to the Jewish dead anywhere Theater ", " Buergertheater " and " Scala ", in Europe, a powerful memento for the living, "Raimund-Theater" is also in danger of being ^"f.'"y—are busy, there are "Staff wanted" closed. ^'otices everywhere. You can't fail to make and a noble gesture on the part of the •ving, though perhaps not always in your Czechoslovak Republic. PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION September, 1961

sufferers, for news. We German Jews were, after GERMAN JEWRY UNDER THE NAZIS all, in the same situation as theirs a few years earlier.' Eichmann replied : ' It was strictly for­ bidden. If anything like this happens again Benno Cohn's Evidence at the Eichmann Trial you'll come into the Konzertlager'—as he cmdely called the concentration camp. Mr. Benno Cohn, who, prior to his emigration We turn to it when attacked and offended, when to Israel, was head of the Zionist Organisation in sorrow and distress. God has led our fathers Courage and Dignity for Germany and of the Palestine OfBce in Berlin, from generation to generation. He will guide gave evidence in the Eichmann trial concerning us and our children throughout our days." "Then Heinrich Stahl, the Chairman of the the Jews in Germany between 1933 and 1939 and Turning to the happenings after the pogroms Community, assumed the counter-offensive. He several meetings he had with Eichmann during of November, 1938, Mr. Cohn gave the following criticised Eichmann's deeds. ' We are all for a that period. detailed account of a meeting at the Gestapo speeding-up of emigration today. But you your­ Headquarters between Eichmann, a high-ranking self are wrecking normal emigration by your He recalled the Prayer issued by the " Reichs­ system of deportation. As a result of the mass vertretung " over the signatures of Dr. Leo Baeck S.S. oflficer, and representatives of the Jewish organisations : Heinrich Stahl (Chairman of the deportation of Jews across the frontiers, the and Dr. Otto Hirsch ^ter the enactment of the neighbouring countries don't want to give any Nuernberg Laws in 1935. This Prayer was Berlin Jewish Community), Dr. Paul Eppstein and Dr. Arthur Lilienthal, of the " Reichsvertre­ more visas to Jews.' Then Eichmann touted : intended to be read from the pulpit of every ' You rotter, you old Sch sack. You probably synagogue on Kol Nidre ; however, it was prema­ tung ", and Rechtsanwalt Philipp Kozower, of the Berlin Jewish Community : haven't been in the Konzerllager for a long time. turely discovered by the Gestapo, and Dr. Baeck What are you thinking of ?' Then one of our and Dr. Hirsch were arrested. Benno Cohn read " Eichmann began by levelling violent criticism at us. On the table before him lay cuttings from number, I think Eppstein, stood up and said : out the Prayer in full, the salient passage of which ' The gentlemen sitting in front of you are repre­ read as follows : a Parisian ^migr^ newspaper. This carried a report in this that a new persecutor of the Jews sentatives of German Jewry, not of the Gestapo, " We stand in the presence of our God. With had appeared on the horizon, called Eichmann. and they look upon themselves as representatives all our might we have acknowledged our sins, sins He Wis described in vivid colours as a blood­ of the Jewish people, which is placed in a very of the individual and sins of the community. hound, as a man with bloodshot eyes, etc. Eich­ tragic situation today. We have to account to it Just as vigorously, and with a feeUng of abhor­ mann accused us of having given this description for our behaviour. We ask you not to talk to rence, do we reject as beneath contempt thc lie to the representative of the Jewish Telegraphic us in this fashion. You can, of course, throw directed against us, the calumniation of our Agency, who had been in Berlin shortly before, us into a camp at any time and do what you religion and its witnessbearers. We confess our and heaped invectives on us. Naturally, we did want with us, but as long as we are free you faith and to a belief in our future. Who pro­ not admit that we were the source of the informa- must recognise our dignity as human beings and claimed to the world the secret of the Etemal, tiO'n, which would have amounted to suicide. treat us correspondingly.' of the One God ? Who revealed to the world Eichmann dropped this subject, and took up a "This remark was apparently not without its a love of clean living and of the purity of family new one : ' I ihave invited you to Vienna in order effect on the other Nazi. Eichmann, however, life ? Who gave the world a respect for the that you may get to know the Central Oflfice for shouted : ' We will have to decide what is to human being as the image of the Godhead ? Who Jewish Emigration there. But I forbade you be done after this impertinence. Go and wait taught the world the precept of justice and the strictly to contact the representatives of the outside I' notion of social welfare ? In all this the spirit Austrian Jews. You have acted in defiance of " We waited half an hour in the ante-room. of the prophets of Israel and God's revelation to this order and have had discussions with the Prepared for immediate arrest, we destroyed all the Jewish people have been at work. It grew Austrian Jewish leaders.' Stahl and Eppstein, who the papers we had on us, as they are always up, and still is growing, in Judaism. took part in this interview, replied : You have dangerous when one is captured. Then we were " We stand in the presence of our God ; we placed us in an absurd situation. Our brothers fetched in again. Nothing more was said about rely on Him. In Him our history, our endurance there are being persecuted because they are Jews. the previous incidents. Eichmann brought up the through every change, our steadfastness in every And we were not supposed to see them when main subject of the discussion, the foundation trial, acquire trath and honour. Our history is we came to Vienna ? That is more than we are of the Central OflBce for Jewish Emigration in one of spiritual greatness, and spiritual dignity. able to stand. They came to us, their fellow- Berlin on the pattern of the Vienna one, of which he was very proud. In his own words, he wanted to open this institution on the following Monday in Berlin in No. 116 Kurfuerstenstr., which for­ merly belonged to a lodge, the Bruederverein. He explained the procedure once more to us, and used the expression : 'The Jew goes in at one door and comes out at the other with all his papers.' He said this establishment was With the compliments of urgently necessary, because it took many weeks, indeed months, to get the documents. He demanded that we representatives of Jewish insti­ tutions should always send him a definite quota of emigrants to Palestine and other lands. " I was the first to speak, and said we could not guarantee any quota. ' As regards Palestine BELLING we are dependent on the Mandatory Govemment, which, as you know, is very restrictive in distri­ buting certificates.' Dr. Eppstein, or someone else, outlined the diflBculties connected with the entry permit into other countries. We explained that we were certainly in favour of mass emigra­ J. C. Gilbert Ltd tion, but not at the behest of the Gestapo. We were not the executive authorities of the Gestapo, but representatives of German Jewry, and we COLUMBIA HOUSE wanted thus to remain. " 1 further remarked that we expected the Jew* to receive treatment worthy of human beinss in that office. Eichmann shouted something about ALDWYCH atrocity propaganda and demanded that we should state our opinion by eight o'clock next mominS- "The meeting closed late in the evening. W* LONDON WC2 assembled in a private house to discuss Eicn- mann's information. It was clear to us that the new establishment would greatly accelerate emigra­ tion, and that was decisive. After the Munich Conference we realised that another world war was imminent. Mass emigration was the only salvation for the Jews. We, therefore, decided that Dr. Eppstein would state next morning that we regarded the establishment of Central Offices as a means of accelerating emigration. They should put a stop to deportations over the fron­ 93, Wigmore Street, tier. We could not undertake any guarantees with regard to numbers. We would reoeat that we got our mandate from the Jewish side only- London, W.l. " Next moming Dr. Epns'ein was received, not by Eichmann but by another Nazi, to whom he explained our attitude and by whom it was noted without comment." AJR INFORMATION September. 1961 Page 9

He left Christianity in the days when he found BOOK REVIEWS himself unable to understand " the servile atti­ tude of the church in Spain towards General THE UNFORGETTABLE PAST are among the victims of the march. Reska Franco ". His conviction " that Judaism, with its Weiss tells her story with refreshing frankness pure, unsullied monotheism, was to be my des­ Especially since the Eichmann trial the incredible and sincerity. This amazing woman is able, even tined goal" grew ever firmer and more pressing. horror of the Nazi attempt to exterminate the Jews in her extreme situation, to observe the beauties He leamed with horror of the persecution of has been much written and talked about. The of nature, and tenderness, compassion and beauty Jews by Christians through the centuries. ghastly tales of horror occur again and again, permeate her story, leavening the horror. Kenneth Cox sought contact with Jewish circles and the figures of the murdered run into the Once I had started reading the book I found and became a teacher at Carmel College, New­ millions. The mind is incapable of encompassing it impossible to lay it down. There were times bury, and later at Mongewell Park, near Walling­ such enormities, and the mere repetition must set when I was forced to do so because I was so ford. Its rector. Rabbi Kopul Rosen, " a most up a kind of immunity. choked with tears. dynamic character", treated him sympathetically But the account of one person is easier to It is true that many who read this review have while he waited to be received into the Jewish grasp, and the faceless millions receive form. themselves suffered too much to want to reUve faith. He had to wait for a long time, because the Reska Weiss, a Hungarian Jewess, has written of such episodes. But though the reading may at religious authorities asked themselves—and prob­ her personal experiences* through twelve months times be hortific, it brings a message of hope, of ably also him—why a Christian wanted to become of hell, from the spring of 1944, when the Nazis the strength of life, and how the spark of humanity a member of a persecuted people. But, in the end, invaded Hungary, until April, 1945, when the can overcome even the greatest bestiality. he was received, after he had undergone circum­ Russians liberated Poland. ANNE RUBIN. cision. He became an Orthodox Jew, observing The story is told in graphic detail, but with no all daily prayers, the sanctification of Sabbath and attempt at dramatising the events. The stark A ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST TURNS JEW the commandments of kosher food. He took details speak for themselves. We travel with the new name of Abraham Carmel. As Sabbath Reska Weiss and her companions in the filthy What the former Roman Catholic priest. Father descended upon Carmel College, " the presence and overcrowded railway tracks to Auschwitz and Kenneth C. Cox, tells in his autobiography* is, of God seemed very close. . . . The workaday, 'ts gas chambers, and from there trek the weary indeed, a unique story. Born in 1911 into a week-day world seemed a million miles away". miles through occupied Europe to other camps. devout Anglican family, he early realised that all The Jew, he says, is " a member of the oldest There is one chapter where she and her com­ was not well in the Protestant camp. "I wanted and greatest aristocracy in history ... the poorest panions dig a mass grave into which they are an authority." And so he embraced Roman Jewish boy from the East End of London is an shot but, miraculously, she and one other Catholicism. He studied theology and became a aristocrat in his own right". When a Jew priest, a very devoted priest, who, unfortunately, embraces Roman Catholicism, he wants to give *oman escape alive. up personal responsibility. He, a Roman The sadism of the Nazi torturers is unbelievable. had to work under a fanatical bishop. For seven years he served his church and was appointed Catholic, became a Jew in order " to bear witness Among all the honors the books reveal a night before the entire world that there is One Cjod spent on a lice-ridden garbage heap, where Chaplain to the young Christian workers of his district. But, gradually, he began to lose faith only ". Judaism knows, and needs, no mediator ; these derelict human beings are attacked by huge man always stands before his God immediately. rats, watched all the time with glee by their in the Christian dogma, and when he looked Judaism is " a way of life", the Jewish home eaptors, still sticks in one's memory as the round he was struck " by the fact of how few " is the altar of Judaism ". ultimate in sadism. Christians realise that there are many great and The culminating part of the story is a twelve-day worthy religions in the world beside their own ". Abraham Carmel found in Judaism "complete JJJarch (this figured largely in the Eichmann trial). He saw that the Roman Uturgy had taken over composure of soul and spiritual unity". When Out of the 3,300 women who started on this much of the old Jewish services, and that many he says his daily prayers he knows that he repeats march only a mere handful managed to escape. Christian and Jewish prayers were almost identi­ the words which Jesus had said 2.000 years ago. The rest were systematically shot by the S.S. cal. "Christianity offended my understanding of Orthodoxy alone, which keeps equally away from guards who accompanied them. Almighty God." He realised that he "was liberalism and fanaticism, seems to him to ensure . All of human life is in this book—a baby girl already a Jew at heart" who "believed in the the reUgious and the national future of the Jews. IS even bom to one of the prisoners at their last Law of Moses. . . . Jesus was never really any­ " If we permit Zionism to be divorced from '^amp but, unfortunately, she and the mother thing other than a practising Jew ". Judaism, we are building on shifting sands and copying the errors of our worst enemies." y,' Joonwy Throotb Hdl, by Reska Weiss. Vallentine. • KenneUi C. Con : So Stnnie Mir Pith. M.B.Y. Founda­ witchell A Co. Ltd.. London. 256 pp. 21s. tion. London. 25s. J. LESSER.

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EMULSIFIERS, DETERGENTS, Highlight of the Colibri range: WETTING AGENTS. MonoGAS. Fitted with auto­ matic temperature control, amazing MonoGAS gives a constant-size flame in BENTCLIFFE WORKS, Eccles, Manchester heat or cold automatically!The world's most advanced 'Phone: Eccles 5311/6 gas lighter. Colibri—58/6 to £1,200. London Area Office. 12, Whitehall. S.W.l. Phone: TRA. 4081/2. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 IN MEMORIAM PROFESSOR JULIUS HIRSCH ten Staaten 1935-1960". This paper is one of In 1937 he was forced to give up office because the most important contributions to a book he refused to divorce his Jewish wife. After Professor Julius Hirsch, the widely known recently published by the American Federation of the fall of the Nazis he was reinstated to his Secretary of State at the German Ministry of Jews from Central Europe on the occasion of its former position ; for him it meant starting twice Economics in the early years of the Weimar 20th anniversary. (A review will appear in this from the beginning again because of the devasta­ Republic, died in New York at the age of 78. His paper shortly.—Ed.) tion wrought by the war and the later division of long life was filled to the brim with work reflect­ Julius Hirsch was a colourful personality, who the city. But he was not deterred in his task. ing his absorbing interest in contemporary evoked strong responses, some critical, but many His friends and those who knew Dr. Kaeber economic events, on which he commented and of gratitude and loyalty particularly among his in the days of his activities as a member of the which he tried—and at times succeeded—to shape. host of pupils, many of whom became academic Democratic Party and its representative in the His wife, Edith, nde Jarislowsky, a noted teachers themselves. He had the gifts of a great Municipal Council of the Tiergarten District will economist in her own right, was his helpmate in teacher in bringing to life and awakening hear oS his passing with deep regret. his work during 35 years of happy married hfe : curiosity in the complexities of economic events she also participated in his manifold interests and and their causes, in looking to main trends of JACOB JACOBSON. was his companion in his wanderings. development and, last but not least, in taking an Julius Hirsch was a son of the Rhineland, a interest in his pupils. In recent years several DR. RUDOLF KATZ native of Aachen. After some years in com­ German Universities paid tribute to his achieve­ Dr. Rudolf Katz, the Vice-President of the mercial life he studied in Bonn and gained his ments by bestowing on him the dignity of a German Federal Constitution Court, died in doctorate in 1909. Soon he was a Lecturer in doctor honoris causa. Karlsruhe, it the age of 65. He was born in Falken- Business Administration at the Handelshoch­ With Julius Hirsch a remarkable man has gone burg (Pommern) as the son of a Jewish teacher schule (now University) of Cologne, to which he from our generation of refugees. and cantor. From 1924 to 1933 he practised returned as a professor for a short time after the war. Here he established himself as an expert on ERNEST H. STERN. as a lawyer in Altona. As an active Social Retail Trade, his scholarship shedding a clear Democrat, he became Stadtverordnetenvorsteher light on a subject of which few facts were known DR. SIEGFRIED KANOWITZ of that city in 1929. After having lived in the at that time. From this period date a number of Dr. Siegfried—called Friedel—Kanowitz, who United States during the Nazi period, he returned scholarly books on Trade, the most comprehen­ died in Israel at the age of 61, was in Germany to Germany almost immediately after the war sive being his contribution on " Der Moderne one of the most popular figures in the Zionist and became Minister of Justice of the Land Handel" published in 1918 as part of the youth movement, in the K.J.V. and in the Zionist Schleswig-Hol&tein in 1947. He was appointed " Grundriss der Sozialoekonomik ". His interest Organisation where, for some time, he served as Vice-President of the Federal Constitution Court in the subject of Retail Trade never flagged one of the leading officials. Above all, he was in 1951 and widely respected as an outstanding throughout his life. a man of unusual personal charm, humour and lawyer and a man of sound judgment and After serving in the German Army in the early human warmth. Coming from Konigsberg, he integrity. years of the First World War he was called to belonged to the Zionist school which, headed by DR. WILLY MICHAELIS Berlin to help in price control. A vivid descrip­ his friend and teacher Kurt Blumenfeld. derived tion of the phenomenon of " Kettenhandel" from this city of Kant: never content with sterile It is learned with deep regret that the ortho­ appeared in that period. party politics or propaganda slogans, he was paedic surgeon. Dr. Willy Michaelis. suddenly At the end of 1919, he became Secretary of aware of the deeper impact and dangerous pitfalls passed away. Only a few months ago we paid State at the Ministry of Economics and actively of all connected with nationalism, devoted fo tribute to him on the occasion of his 75th birth­ engaged in the difllcult task of reconstraction of the struggle for human values, and he steadily day. In Germany. Dr. Michaelis was one of the war-exhausted economy overshadowed by the applied his wit and intellect to the sociological the leading promoters of physical education of demand for financial reparation in a world where and philosophical analysis of the Jewish position. the young and. until 1933, President of the Germany had few friends and in a nation divided He was too delicate to succumb to the temptations Deutsche Aerztebund zur Foerderung fuer against itself, a large part of it bent on sabotage of his own extraordinary oratorial skill. Having Leibesuebungen and co-editor of the periodical and blinded by hatreds. Early in 1923 he preached Zionism in Germany, he became in Sportmedizin. He was also a member of the resigned, following a change in Government. Israel an exponent of those who knew what they Repraesentantenversammlung of the Leipzig Dr. Hirsch returned to academic life as owed to European (pre-Hitler German) educa­ Jewish community. In this country he was a Honorary Professor at the Handelshochschule and tion and tried to preserve what was best in much-sought-after specialist and was also associ­ later also at the University of Berhn. He German Jewishness. ated with the Highlands Hospital, where he took travelled far and wide, looking to new horizons It would be a vain attempt to enumerate the a particular interest in the after-care of polio and recording his economic explorations in some benefits which he brought to Israeli life, as one cases. Together with his many friends and notable books and articles, among them his best- of the ablest children's doctors, as organiser, as patients, the AJR mourns the death of a capable selling " Das Amerikanische Wirtschaftwunder ", public figure (ultimately also a member of the and helpful man who was associated with its first published in 1925/26, others being "Neues Israeli Parliament) and as friend, helper and ever efforts throughout the years. Werden in der menschlichen Wirtschaft", ready adviser to many, especially to people in " Wandlungen im Aufbau der deutschen Indus­ distress. When I saw him last, he was very happy DR. HERBERT ISRAEL trie ". All of these works vividly portrayed main in his new profession as reader at the Hebrew trends of development. From the inception of University, where he taught psychology of Dr.^Herbert Israel who, together with his late the Committee of Enquiry (Enquete Ausschuss) medicine. He collapsed during a lecture, and brother. Wilfrid, was the last owner of the old- of the Reichswirtschaftsrat he was one of its the examination revealed a malignant tumour established firm, N. Israel, in Berlin, suddenly Permanent Consultants. He was also a member in the brain, so he suffered enough during the passed away in Sirmione (Lake Garda), where of the Board of the Institute for Trade Research, last months. But in the memory of his numerous he was on holiday. He was only 58 years old. which he helped to establish. 1933 put an end friends and admirers he will always live as the Herbert Israel was a great-grandson of Nathan to all that. In 1935 the University of Copen­ image of an ephebos, an enthusiastic and serene Israel, who founded the family's business in 1815, hagen offered him the chair of Commerce and youth with an unsatiable thirst for knowledge and and by his death this well-known Berlin here his teaching gained him anew a large circle devotion to the service of his people. family becomes extinct. Unlike his brother, of admiring pupils, till the German occupation in 1940. He succeeded in escaping with wife and ROBERT WELTSCH. he was not actively engaged in Jewish affairs, but, young son to the United States. Here he made during the last years of his life, took a special a new home for good and was soon in demand as DR. ERNST KAEBER interest in the extension of the Wilfrid Israel an economic consultant by various Government Museum (Kibbutz Hazorea). agencies and business concems ; at the same time Dr. Ernst Kaeber. for many years Director of he indulged in his abiding love of academic teach­ the Municipal Archives of Berlin, passed away in ERNST LEVY ing as a professor at the New School for Social Bertin-Lichterfelde on July 5th. In him / Research. During those last 20 years he wrote Berlin has lost one of its leading his­ The pharamceutical chemist, Mr. Ernst Levy, prolifically, dealing with the many economic torians and a man of outstanding moral courage passed away in Glasgow on July 29 at the age problems which faced the United States as a result and integrity. During 1928-29, following a sugges­ of 83. Prior to his emigration he was the owner of the war and its aftermath. An indefatigable tion by br. Margarete Edelheim, Dr. Kaeber wrote and manager of the " Diana-Apotheke " in Berlin- worker until shortly before his death, he was several quite factual articles in the C. V. Zeitung Moabit which, despite his advanced age, he suc­ engrossed in the economic life around him and on the history of Berlin Jewry during the Middle cessfully rebuilt after many struggles, when the fascinated by its progress. Ages, which almost brought him disaster after the property was returned to him after the war. Nazis had gained control of the Municipal Mr. Levy was the founder of the Glasgow Jewish interests always claimed his attention. Administration of Berlin. He suffered humiliation, Society of Jewish Refugees which later became Before the First World War statistics of occupa­ restrictions and setbacks in his capacity as an aflfiliated to the AJR. When he relinquished his tion of Tews beean to eneaze him. and during that official, and as a writer his remarkable abilities office as the Society's President he was elected aj war. when he saw the distress of Jewry in Eastem and scholarly endeavours were ignored and went life-long Hon. President. Mr. Levy is survived Europe, he enlarged on their occupational prob­ unrewarded. by a son and two daughters. lems in various articles. He was a Board mem­ ber of the " Centra'-Verein " and also a member of the Economic Committee of the Preussische THE NEW HOMES BUILDING SOCIETY. EAST TWICKENHAM LanHesverhand Jredischer Gemeinden. POPesgrove 7402 Shortly before his death he wrote, together with Chilrmm : Anthonv Marlowe. MP. Directors : I. Cowen. C.B.E.. D. Schon«eld. F.A.L.P.. M. Baron, Sir H. Roberts. his wife Edith Hirsch, a paoer on the " Berafliche INVEST IN A SOCIFTY DEVOTED SOLELY TO ASSIST OWNER OCCUPIERS. Eineliederune und wirtschaftliche Leistung der INTEREST RATES FROM 41% TO 51% (TAX PAID) deutsch-juedischen Einwanderang in den Vereinig­ District Agents throuahout U.K. AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 Page 11

Bertha Badt-Strauss A NEW CITY IS BORN

New cities are not bom every day. Nor are they placed just round the comer, at least not THE RELUCTANT PROPHET in Israel, for small as the country is, as big are its uncharted, unploughed, untrodden areas. This happened on a Yom Kippur afternoon in Jonah started to sing the psalm which revealed One early morning last month we set out south, an old-world synagogue. It was the contemplative that now he trasted God's infinite mercy: " I to Arad, a region comprising an enormous land and quiet interval between the awe-inspiring know that I shall be allowed to fulfil my vows potential—400,000 dunams. It was a sultry emotions of the morning, when the vision of the in His sanctuary." And only now it happened Khamsin day, with the thermometer soaring to Day of Judgment rose before our eyes and the that God commanded the whale " to spit out over 40 degrees Celsius in the shade when we fate of everybody was sealed before the Lord of Jonah" and bring him to safety. All this the branched off the Beersheba-Dimona highway, at the Universe—who should live and who should Bedford priest recalls to his audience. a spot where a big signpost optimistically o'e, who should be happy and who should be sad, Once more, as the Bible tells us, Jonah travels predicted " To the Centre of the Arad Region ". and the comforting, consoling songs of the closing towards Nineveh, the great heathen city, to The buses jolted as they followed a rough, ancient service. It was then that an entire Biblical book preach God's message of doom and destruction. track used during Roman times and presumably Was taken out of the Shrine and was recited in The king and citizens of Nineveh leave their even at earlier periods. a peculiar, fascinating rhythm : the Book of evil ways and repent in sackcloth and ashes; Jonah, the reluctant prophet who was not sent and the Lord in His mercy forgives their iniquities. At a site 600m. high, open to the west wind to the Jews but to the people of Nineveh and The reluctant prophet does not rejoice that so and to the view of the Dead Sea in the East, who tried to escape from his Heavenly mission many souls are being saved, he sits down and the foundation-stone was laid of the new city and sail to Tarshish—not because, like Moses, he sullenly awaits the result of the story. At this of Arad, a name of Biblical fame. Dr. Giora

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MRS. GERTRUD SCHACHNE 70 One of the mainstays of the AJR, Mrs. Gertrad BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES Schachne, the hostess of the AJR Club, will be BRUNO WALTER 85 ALFRED HIRSCHBERG 60 70 on October 1. Her life has been marked by continuous services for her fellow-Jews. In The leading part which a great conductor plays When about 35 years ago the present writer Germany she was Secretary of the Theodor in the musical life of our time daites back hardly was appointed Liaison Officer between the Herzl Schule and, later on, in charge of the more than eighty years. In Central Europe Hans German-Jewish youth organisations and the head­ equipment department of Children and Youth von Billow was the first prominent musician whose quarters of the " Central-Verein", the man in Aliyah. At the same time she took a great fame rested mainly on conducting, and it is signifi­ charge of the C.V.'s youth department was Alfred interest in the welfare of the residents of several cant for Brano Walter's historical position that he Hirschberg. We made part of life's journey Jewish Old Age Homes in Berlin. When she received the decisive stimulus for his choice of together, first in Berlin and later on in London. was forced to emigrate in 1939 she courageously musical career from this great pioneer of modern And though during the past two decades we have built up a new career as a social worker in this conducting. His formative years were spent under been separated geographically our greetings to country. After having been a housemother and the spell of Mahler, whose uncompromising him in Sao Paulo on the occasion of his 60th teacher at the Refugee Children's Camp at devotion as an interpreter he has made his own. birthday on September 27 are no less cordial Ipswich (until this district became a " restricted But these links with a great tradition have not than they would be if expressed " face to face ". area" in summer 1940), she became matron of prevented his development as an independent Our mind goes back to those early days when the London B'nai B'rith Boys' Hostel at Minster artist whose achievement has been inscribed into Alfred Hirschberg was one of the group around Road and, subsequently, from 1944 onwards, of the musical life of more than half a century, Ludwig Tietz which, guided by instinct rather the hostel for elderly refugees at Dartmouth during which he has been recognised as one of than by ready-made formulae, tried to find a new Road. The success of her work is reflected in the greatest living conductors. approach to the problems of Jewish life. One of the fact that, after the dissolution of the Dart­ Years have passed since we last heard him in the ways our group manifested itself was by our mouth Road Hostel, the residents, now trans­ this country. He came to us several times after participation in the work for Palestine as non- ferred to other homes, are still in personal contact the end of the war, and his Mahler performances Zionist partners of the Jewish Agency. with her. at Edinburgh—together with Kathleen Ferrier, Alfred Hirschberg's manifold tasks as one of the Her birthday coincides with another anniver­ whom he had initiated to this music—have stimu­ most versatile and diligent members of the Central- sary in her own life and in the history of the lated the ever-growing appreciation of Mahler in Verein's headquarters were markedly increased in AJR: exactly ten years ago she started to work this country. His London concerts gave proof 1933, when he became Joint Secretary and thus for the AJR, first in the Social Services Depart­ of his continuous striving after new lines of one of the two leading officials of the organisa­ ment and, in 1956, as hostess of the AJR Club interpretation. Lately age has prevented him from tion. His duties included the editorship of the at Eton Avenue. In this capacity, " Mutter undertaking extensive intemational tours, but new C.V.-Zeitung, in those days a difficult and highly Schachne" has had a decisive share in building recordings testify to his ceaseless musical activity. dangerous undertaking. German Jews, increas­ up the homely atmosphere which is so much Finally, we have had the precious gift of his ingly degraded to the level of pariahs, had to be appreciated by the club members. By her com­ profound book, " Von der Musik und vom given self-confidence and self-respect. To achieve mon sense, her understanding and her humorous Musizieren" (which has been reviewed in this this without getting into trouble with the Nazi approach she has become their trusted friend journal). Paul Hamburger's translation (Brano authorities a special language had to be developed: and adviser. The Executive of the AJR owes Walter, Of Music and Music-Making; Faber, the readers had to read between the lines lest the a great debt of gratitude to Mrs. Schachne for 30s.) has now made this great work accessible editor laid himself open to persecution. Week her devoted services and joins her family and to English readers, and several reviews show that after week Alfred Hirschberg thus helped to keep friends in wishing her many happy returns of the significance of this " Brachstiick einer grossen up the morale of German Jewry, devoting his wide the day. Konfession" has not been missed. As the knowledge and his journalistic accomplishments Musiccd Times writes, " it is the testament of an to this essential task, and week after week he FRITZ BEER 50 old man who has penetrated to an understanding risked his freedom. In the end, during the Novem­ of his art so lofty as to unify in a higher truth ber pogroms, he too had to experience the horrors Der seit mehr als 15 Jahren im deutsch­ the varied topics he discusses with more particu­ of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. The sprachigen Dienst der B.B.C. tatige politische larised insights." doors of the C.V. having been sealed never to Kommentator und Schriftsteller Fritz Beer voll­ We may be sure that on September 15th the be opened again, he had served his fellow-Jews endete am 25. August sein fUnfzigstes Lebensjahr. whole musical world will pay tribute to an artisit in Germany as long as he was able to do so. Beer, in Briinn geboren, kam 1939 nach Eng­ of singular merit. H. W. FREYHAN. land. Bis dahin war er trotz seiner Jugend ein After his release from the concentration camp in politischen Kreisen hochangesehener Jour­ he found refuge in England. To the misfortune of his many friends here his stay in this country nalist und Redakteur der deutschsprachigen lasted only for a few months; together with his Prager " Arbeiter-IUustrierten" (AIZ) gewesen. KELLERGEIST wife and his newly born daughter he emigrated Auch literarisch hatte er sich damals bereits durch to Brazil in summer, 1940. mehrere Erzahlungen einen Namen gemacht, die ADVISES A.J.R. READERS As was not otherwise to be expected from a dem Dreiundzwanzigjahrigen den Moskauer man with his passion for activity and for service Intemationalen Friedenspreis eintrugen. Eine to his people, Alfred Hirschberg soon established ahnliche Auszeichnung wurde ihm Anfang der a widely recognised position in the " Yishuv " (as vierziger Jahre in England zuteil, wo eine deutsche the word rans there) of his new homeland. His Erzahlung von ihm mit einem Preis bedacht wurde. organising ability is mainly devoted to efforts for Klarheit des Denkens und des Ausdrucks, the benefit of Israel. At the same time he takes sowie ein starkes Einfiihlungsvermogen i" a leading part in the work of the flourishing Charaktere und Situationen sind die Eigenschaften, Jewish congregation built up from small begin­ die sein literarisches Schaffen kennzeichnen. Sie nings by German Jews in Sao Paulo. Here again kommen nicht minder auch in seinen politischeo a give-and-take contact with the younger genera­ Kommentaren zum Ausdrack. , tion is his favourite and most successful activity. Um sich selber treu zu bleiben, hat er sich Yet, above all, it appears, his heart belongs to his 1939, nach Abschluss des S'alin-Hitler-Paktes, voU old and everlasting love—joumalism. Under the seiner Partei, der er bis dahin mit wahrer Hingabe auspices of 'the congregation he edits a fortnightly gedient hatte, entschlossen losgesagt. Die Tren­ periodical, Cronica Israelila. Though its articles nung ist ihm alles andere als leicht geworden- now appear mainly in Portuguese and cannot Sie bedeutete den Abschied von Freunden, ni'i therefore be easily followed up by the outsider, denen er viele Jahre hindurch fiir die Ideale it becomes evident at first sight that owing to its seiner Jugend gekampft hatte, doch hat er dieseo wide range of subjects it is not just the news auch in spateren Jahren immer Achtung bewahrt. bulletin of a congregation but a topical Jewish Wir wunschen dem FiJnfzigjahrigen, dass er newspaper, with challenging articles reflecting the mit gleicher Entschlossenheit und Kraft wie sound judgment and wealth of ideas of its editor. bisher fiir seine (Jberzeugung eintreten und ihi^ Choose Hallgarten— Sao Paulo may not always be an ideal place sein echter Kampfgeist noch fiir manches Jabr' for a man who likes being in the thick of zehnt erhalten bleiben moge. events. Yet his continued breadth of interest, his W. STERNFELD. Choose Pine Wines undiminished vigour and his idealism became evident anew to his London friends, when they GUSTAV LASK 85 Ask for them by name! had the good fortune of seeing him here a few A trusted friend of the AJR, Mr. Gustav Lask' months ago. will celebrate his 85th birthday on September 2no- The best we can wish for Alfred Hirschberg is Throughout his life he has taken an active interest If you have any difficulty in finding that he may remain as he is, in his youthfulness, in Jewish affairs. In Kiel, where he lived pf'j, HALLGARTEN wines, write lo us his zest for activity and, last but not least, his to his emigration, he was the owner of the oW^ for assistance staunch loyalty to his friends. As he has always established family firm, Michael Lask (Hofl'*' sought and found guidance in the wisdom of ferant) and was wide'y respected by Jews ano Goethe, we wish him that the words which have Gentiles alike. Mr. Lask has been a member oi S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN been home out in his life so far may apply to the AJR since its inception, and more than once him no less in the future: went out of his way to express his appreciation

In an article on "The Jewish Woman in the HENRIETTE FUERTH-A FIGHTER FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS Movement for the Emancipation of Women in Germany" (Neue Juedische Monatshefte, August, Centenary of her Birth 1918) she dealt briefly with Henriette Goldschmidt, Dr. Alice Salomon, Johanna Goldschmidt, Lina On her 70th birthday, August 15th, 1931, this teaching. But things developed othenwse : at the Morgenstern, and also Bertha Pappenheim (and German Jewisih social worker was honoured by age of 19 she married Wilhelm Fuerth, whose thereby with the Association of Jewish Women, the award of the Plaque of Honour of the City intellect was akin to hers, and with him she founded in 1904), and she concluded with the of Frankfurt, where she had been engaged in founded a large family. The amazing thing is words : "... Everywhere we find Jewish women public work for decades. Recently, on the 100th that her domestic duties never suffered through at work, in social welfare, in education, in the anniversary of her birth, the municipality and the the unfolding of her general interests, which professions, in the struggle for State and com­ Jewish community of Frankfurt a.M. organised tended to be scholarly. munal civil rights for women, frequently in lead­ a joint ceremony in the Jewish cemetery on the She took a part in Jewish life already in the ing positions and representatives of progressive Eckenheimer Landstrasse in memory of the former early nineties, particularly in the work and ideas. They are fo be found at the same time citizen, communal worker with a progressive out­ endeavours of the " Central Verein," founded in in humbler positions, serving the cause of look, and fighter for the rights of mothers. 1893, on the Board of whose Frankfurt branch humanity and the rights of human beings and . Henriette Fuerth once dictated her memoirs she worked for a long time. Her versatile social women's rights." Eleven years later, in 1929, into the typewriter, and one of the copies has work, meantime, was being carried out essentially when the Jewisih Women's Association had been been preserved in Israel. Happily so—for perhaps for the public at large. In the forefront were the in existence for a quarter of a century. Dr. Leo some day future generations may in this way struggles focused on achieving the protection of Baeck contributed an article "Object and Con­ learn more about the personality and life work of mothers, which almost became a movement and flict", to the periodical of this greatly expanded this Jewish woman. When she died on June 1st, the outcome of which was legal provisions for organisation. In it he expressed his opinion on 1938, at the age of 77, the German public prob­ the protection of gainfully employed mothers. the women's movement stemming from the ably 'heard nothing at all about her passing. She Henriette Fuerth was among the founders of this educated middle-class, as follows : "When the had herself a taste of the bittemess that preceded movement, also one of the leading members of rebellion of women began, Jewish women had the Jewish catastrophe. However, Henriette Fuerth the German Society for the Control of Venereal a part in it". He continued that it was of signi­ has not been overlooked in post-war Germany. Diseases. After fhe First World War, from 1919 ficance, too, for the feminine movement generally Proofs of this are Marie Juchacz's book "Sie to 1924, she was a Social Democratic member that the Jewish woman had come to herself, had lebten fuer eine andere Welt" (publishers : of the Borough Council of Frankfurt, where she " comprehended herself by trying to understand •I.- H. W. Dietz, Berlin/Hanover, 1955), a collec­ was active especially on the committees for health, her most individual and peculiar characteristics, tion of biographical sketches of leading women schools, and food supply. She was temporarily and that she had grasped how she could serve in the socialist movement, and Franz Osterroth's a member of the governing body of the Johann the community—^not by abandoning her nature, edition in 1960 " Biographische Lexikon des Wolfgang Goethe University, and took part in but by realising and fulfilling her ego and her Sozialismus" (also publisihed by Dietz). the work of the Volkshochschule and the personality !" Henriette came into the world in Giessen, on .A.rbeiterwohlfahrt. August 15th, 1861, as daughter of the timber mer- Under the pseudonym G. Stein, Henriette It would seem that Henriette Fuerth was con­ ehant Siegmund Katzenstein and his wife Sophie, Fuerth published poems and short stories, but she sciously trae to her own personality in her con­ nee Loeb. On leaving the girls' high school in is better known as the author of a considerable ception and performance of her pubhc social 1885 she went to the larger, neighbouring town number of scholarly essays and expositions, which work, through which she drew attention to many 9t Frankfurt, actually to enter the teachers' train­ have appeared in many places since the tum of social evils. ing college there ; she seemed to have a talent for the century. r E. G. LOEWENTHAL.

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STANDARD SEWING MACHINE SERVICE LTD. ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. WEL. 2528 All Makes Bought. Sold. & Exchanged Repairs. Maintenance 18 CRAWFORD STREET, BAKER STREET, W.l Page 14 AJR INFORMATION September, 1961

trial period would be advisable to get to know BOARDING-OUT SCHEME each other and above all to get used to each other's weaknesses. Boarding out an elderly person jn a private An Appeal house can be the ideal solution for some older men or women who need care and attention One of the major problems facing organisa­ For the above reasons I would like to sug­ and where loneliness, isolation and a feeling tions concemed with the welfare of elderly gest a scheme which, as a recently published of uselessness are likely to cause misery and people is the shortage of suitable accommoda­ pamphlet by the National Old People's Wel­ unhappiness, ultimately leading to possible tion for those who have no satisfactory place fare Council reveals, has been successfully physical and mental breakdown and perhaps to live. started by several public welfare authorities. admission to hospital. Acceptance as a Daily the AJR Social Department (8 Fairfax This is called the " boarding-out scheme ". member of a family gives the elderly, and Mansions, N.W.S; MAIda Vale 9096/7) is We are not short of people in need of in fact every lonely person, that sense of being confronted with this problem. At present we accommodation but we are desperately short wanted which is so important to happiness are not able to place all our appUcants into of offers of private households where an and well-being. our three Old Age Homes and it is diflScult elderly person would be accepted. I feel sure MARGOT WILLIAMS. to foretell to what extent the situation will that there must be some young or middle- ease once the new homes are opened. There­ aged housewives who for some reason cannot fore, we have to try to advise people as well work outside their homes. They may derive Letter to the Editor as we can. That is not always easy; even if great satisfaction from a " job " like this and no financial problem is involved. at the same time make a financial profit. AN APPRECIATION OF THE AJR's EFFORTS There are numerous cases where the family Charges depend on the type of accommoda­ Sir,—As a recipient of a German compensation is unable to help and where living with their tion offered and also on the amount of care annuity I feel most grateful to the AJR for their own family does not work. Very often a room likely to be required. If the full charge can­ untiring cmd successful efforts to get these pay­ is needed in the course of time for a child not be met by the guest arrangements for ments exempted from Income Tax. who has to study and the grandparent can assistance by the local authorities and volun­ I have cdways admired the good work done by no longer be housed. Change of employment tary organisations can be made. the AJR for the refugees in this country, in necessitates the son or daughter having to particular for Ihe old people. Offers of tempiorary accommodation also I have therefore great pleasure in enclosing a move to another district. Sometimes because would be welcome. This type of service is cheque in appreciation of your efforts. of health deterioration an old person no longer extremely useful to families caring for an feels able to live alone and seeks somewhere Yours, etc., elderly relative, and by boarding out the elderly H.L. to live where care is available. person for a short time they are able to have Wembley, Middx. Old people tend to live in the past; they a holiday which they could not take other­ (We are glad to report that several other members require a lot of patience which often young wise. have expressed their appreciation in the same way. It people, and in particular members of their Finally, I should like to ask our older mem­ would be a great encouragement and, at the satne own family, are not able to give. The result bers who are still in their own homes to think time, a most welcome assistance, if their example was of this is that the old person feels lonely even followed by others who will now also have an about the possibility of sharing them with increased benefit from their compensation payments in a house full of people and very often feels another elderly person. In that case, of course, and to whom taxes will be refunded as far as they unwanted and useless. there must be adequate domestic help and a have already been paid.—Ed.)

FAMILY EVENTS RESIDENT COMPANION-HOUSE­ Accommodation Wanted Miscellaneous KEEPER for elderly lady in small, Entries in this column are free of COMPANIONSHIP. Middle - aged charge. Texts should be sent in by modern, centrally-heated flat; com­ FURNISHED ROOM with partial fortable room. Daily help kept. Box board (Kosher) in German- or lady, nat. Berlin, living nr. Hitchin. the ISth of the month. 855. Yiddish-speaking household, Padding­ would like to know lady same district ton or Swiss Cottage areas, wanted for occasional friendly companion­ Deatlis CROCHET-WORKERS wanted to by elderly, alert lady. Box 866. ship. Box 858. Rosenbaum.—Mrs. Franziska Rosen­ do infants' garments at home. Box SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and baum (nde Berger), formerly Breslau, 856. permanently removed by qualified died in her 78th year on June 1st, CITY EXPORT OFFICE requires Accommodation Vacant Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. in Jamaica (W.I.), moumed by her SHORTHAND/TYPIST for German Facials. Body massage. Visits daughters. and English correspondence; short VERY CHARMING ROOM in com­ arranged. Consultations free. Mrs. hours. Box 857. fortable Chiswick flat, suitable for Dutch, D.R.E., 239 Willesden Lane, Kann.—Mrs. Adele Kann, widow of business person, cent heat., constant N.W.2. Tel.: WILlesden 1849, oT the eye-specialist, the late Dr. Hugo Situations Wanted h.w., 3i gns. p.w. Ring CHIswick COLindale 8277 (for messages). Kann, formerly Berlin-Lichterfelde, 8969. passed away peacefully after a long Men AJR Attendance Service illness on August 3rd in her 8Sth YOUNG MAN, university back­ COTTAGE TO LET, SCOTLAND. WOMEN available to care for sick year. ground, fluent 4 languages, some Secluded beauty spot near Loch people and invalids, as companions Eisenklam.—Mrs. Bianca Eisenklam, business experience, versatile, adapt­ Lomond with every comfort, for short and sitters-in ; full- or part-time (not our beloved mother and Omi, passed able any field, seeks remunerative, or long periods. Bed and breakfast residential). 'Phone MAI. 4449. away suddenly on July 18th. 29 responsible work. Anything con­ if required : Mrs. Goldmann, Aber- Beatrice Court, Empire Way, sidered. Box 859. Cottage, Gartocharn, near Alexandria, MISSING PERSONS Wembley. Dumbartonshire. Tel.: Gartocham GENERAL CLERK, experienced, 307. Personal Enquiries Michaelis.—Dr. Willy Michaelis, our reliable, seeks position preferably as ledger or invoice clerk. Box 860. Manfred Lang, formerly of Sussen, beloved husband, father and grand­ Personal supposed to have emigrated '" father, died suddenly after a short BOOKKEEPER, also experienced in London in April, 1939, sought by illness on August 8th. Deeply Mrs. Lilli Satzler, (14a) OehringeO' mourned by his family, his friends general office work and Kalamazoo U.S.A. Young man, 37, 5ft 7in., System, seeks part-time or home German-Jewish background, never Bad.-Wurttbg., Alte Strasse 1, "• and patients. Marie Michaelis (n6e Germany. Italiener), 86 Holders Hill Road, work. Box 861. married, desires acquaintance of London, N.W.4. attractive, refined girl to 34. Object Dr. Heinrich Langer and Mis. Harrje* PART-TIME WORK as general clerk matrimony. Box 867. Langer, formerly of Frankfurt-Berhn' with bookkeeping or collections Charlottenburg, sought by Brink' CLASSIFIED wanted by middle-aged man; able to Translations werth, Koln-Raderberg, Kreuznacher- Situations Vacant drive. Box 865. str. 41. Women THE MORRIS FEINMANN TRANSLATION BUREAU. Dr. Enquiries by AJR HOMES TRUST invites applications LADY, experienced all-round oflRce jur. Oscar Zweigenthal, 43 Warring­ Dr. Ernst Cohn-Wiener. Relatives for the post of MATRON, to take work, requires part-time job ; willing ton Crescent, W.9. CUNningham to work any hours. Box 862. or friends who know anything abouj charge of Jewish Old Age Home for 3755. Certified translations : English, the fate of the art historian. Dr. Ernsi Former Refugees, as successor to German, Czech and Slovakian. retiring Matron. Modern building, HOME TYPING. German, English, Cohn-Wiener. who lived in Indi* pleasantly situated m South Man­ French, by reliable person. Box 863. during the Nazi regime, are asked i" TRANSLATIONS of legal and other contact the AJR. chester. Knowledge of German GENERAL CLERK, with know­ documents from and into German : desirable. Generous remuneration ledge German shorthand/typing, seeks Marie Sackin, F.I.L.(Eng.). Incorpor­ Preuss, son of Dr. Julius Preuss, according to experience. Apply to part-time work as cashier or sales ated Linguist, 9a Abercom Road, Beriin, author of " Blblischtalmu"- Treasurer, P.O. Box 1, Eccles, Man­ assistant (exp. sweets, bakery, books). N.W.X Tel.: FINchley 6139 (pri­ ische Medizin ", sought by publishiD* chester. Box 864. vate) ; AVEnue 3711 (office). house in Basle. AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 Page 15

GESCmCHTE DER FRANKFURTER JUDEN MISCELLANEOUS Aufruf znr Materialsammlnns Wie unsere Leser bereits aus der vorigen PROPST GRUEBER VISITS LONDON the names of the German-Jewish leaders who Nummer von AJR Information ersehen haben, ist had perished under the Nazi regime. die Stadt Frankfurt/Main im Begriff, eine Schrif­ Dr. Heinrich Gruber, Propst of the " Marien- Dr. Alfred Wiener, Mr. L. G. Montefiore and kirche" in Berlin, announced in London, when tenreihe ueber die Geschichte der Frankfurter Dr. H. Reichmann, Chairman of the AJR, who Juden in den letzten 150 Jahren herauszugeben. he was entertained at a luncheon by The Wiener welcomed Dr. Gruber on his arrival at the Library and the AJR, that a new organisation Wir sind gebeten worden darauf hinzuweisen, dass Library, acknowledged the debt of gratitude zunaechst persoenliche Berichte ueber Erlebnisse for reconciliation between Germany and Israel which the Jewish people owed to him and others on the political level, and between German waehrend der Naziherrschaft als wertvoUe Bei­ like him, who in the darkest days of evil-doing traege zu dieser Geschichte gesammelt und nach Christians and Jews on the religious level, is to had shown courage on behalf of Jews and had be established in Cologne early this month. This Moeglichkeit veroeffentlicht werden sollen. Alle demonstrated that the spark of humanity and ehemaligen Frankfurter, die jene Zeit miterlebt organisation will centralise and embrace the godliness had not been extinguished after all. already existing groups working for a German- haben, werden gebeten, einen solchen Bericht Jewish rapprochement. The President will be In the course of an ensuing informal exchange niederzuschreiben und ihn baldmoegUchst der Dr. Heinrich Griiber and the Joint Chairmen are of views Propst Gruber was told that many Jews Sammelstelle bei der Wiener Library, 4 Devon- to be Rabbi Dr. Z. Asaria, Jerusalem, and Herr had been perturbed by his refusal as a witness shu* Street, London, W.l, zu uebersenden. Enke, Dean in Cologne. One of the principal at the Eichmann trial to disclose the name of auns of the new organisation will be to foster a former Gestapo official who, as an anti-Nazi, MEMORIAL MEETING FOR DR F. R. and exchange visits between German and Israeli had been helpful to the Jews. Dr. Gruber repUed BIENENFELD youth. that, as a matter of principle, he had only given the names of such opponents to the regime who A Memorial Meeting for the late Dr. Franz Dr. Griiber, in his address, said he placed great were no longer alive. He himself, he said, was Rudolf Bienenfeld was held under the joint aus­ hopes on the younger German generation. But constantly receiving abusive letters, mainly anony­ pices of the World Jewish Congress (British Its re-education still had to be carried out and, mous, and he wanted to spare others a similar Section) and the Council of Jews from Austria equally, the youth of Israel must be made aware experience. (Jacob Ehrlich Society) at Congress House that history did not begin in 1948. The dif­ Dr. Grflber was a prisoner in several Nazi (London) on July 4. Dr. A. Steinberg was in the ferences which existed between the two faiths concentration camps for his opposition to chair. The President of the Board of Deputies, should not be done away with but on a higher Hitlerism and for his rescue work among Jewish Sir Bamett Janner, M.P., paid tribute to Dr. level all that united them must be found. Above victims. A forest in his honour is to be planted Bienenfeld as a great lawyer, a great humanitarian *U. the Jewish-Christian dialogue must be in Israel to mark his 70th birthday. and a good Jew. On behalf of the AJR and the resumed. Christian-Jewish co-operation on the United Restitution Offlce, Dr. H. Reichmann basis of the prophetic teachings of the Bible recalled that Dr. Bienenfeld was the first to find n>ust be undertaken. The times of Christian LONDON MEETING OF LEO BAECK legal arguments in the Austrian State Treaty on •Jiission among Jews were definitely over. He INSUTllTE which the compensation claims for Nazi victims expressed his great appreciation to those Jews in and from Austria would be based. As a Board who had accepted the friendship of non-Jewish On July 31, the Board of the British Section of member of U.R.O. and an Executive member of J^rmans and who, together with them, had the AJR for many years. Dr. Bienenfeld helped to remove the bittemess of German-Jewish of the Leo Baeck Institute held a meeting under the chairmanship of Dr. H. Reichmann. Mr. S. "approached every practical and theoretical relations. problem with a sharp and analytical mind ". In ..Referring to Mr. Victor Gollancz's pamphlet. Adler-Rudel (Jemsalem) and Rabbi Dr. M. Gruenewald (New York) who were also present the name of the World Jewish Congress, Mr. A. L. The Case of Adolf Eichmann", which was gave reports on the Institute's activities in Israel Easterman recalled Dr. Bienenfeld's work as head ^mparatively little known in Germany, Dr. and the United States. The Board also discussed of the Congress' Legal Department and as a mem­ J^riiber said that to be a philanthropist, as Mr. several research schemes now under consideration. ber of the United Nations Human Rights Com­ ^oUancz certainly was, meant to be a friend of One of them is to cover the position of the Ger­ mission. Mr. Josef Fraenkel expressed the human beings, but it could not mean being man Jews during the last years of the Weimar gratitude of the Jacob Ehriich Society for the '•'"'endly also to those who are inhuman. "Even Republic, others refer to the history of leading work done by Dr. Bienenfeld in the mtercst of philanthropy can be overdone ". He pointed out Jewish organisations in Germany and to spiritual his fellow-refugees from Austria. that Mr. Gollancz's attitude did not help either trends within German Jewry in the nineteeth those Germans who had, at the risk of their century. All those who participated in the EUROPEAN HEBREW SEMINAR uves opposed Nazism, nor did it help the Jews, deliberations reiterated the great responsibility A four-week Eiu-opean Hebrew Seminar has fsrael, or humanity. "He merely made the resting upon the Institute. Its task is to try and just been held in Cranfield, Bedfordshire. This image of Jewish suffering which was unique, more preserve the history of the German Jews as long is the fiftieth full-scale seminar to be organised ^ague and generaUsed ". as scholars are still available who, having spent within 15 years by Mr. Levi Germer, Director of ,. •'fopst Gruber also expressed regret that too their formative years in Germany, are able to Education and Culture of the Jewish Agency and "ttie was done in Germany to commemorate approach the subject with first-hand knowledge. the Zionist Federation.

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IT IS STILL Do you want comfort and COMFORTAIR "HOUSE ARLET" every convenience, HEATING CONTRACTORS (incorporating West Heath Refrigeration HOLIDAY TIME 77 St. Gabriel's Rd., London, N.W.2 FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION Service) room with own bath, excellent Continental 'Phone : GLA. 4029 food. TV. lounge, gardens 7 CENTRAL HEATING AND Visitors to London are welcome in my Mrs. A. WOLFF, DOMESTIC ENGINEERING SIMAR HOUSE exquisitetv furnished and cultured Private 3 Hemstal Road, N.W.6 14WEST HEATH DRIVE, LONDON. N.W.II Hotel. 'Phone: SPE. 061S. Also at Central Heating, Garden, TV. (MAI. 8521) 197 Chartridge Lane, Chesham, Bucks. The Private Continental Hotel Good residential district. MRS. LOTTE SCHWARZ 10 & 24 Herbert Rood. BOURNEMOUTH WEST HARROGATE COMFORTABLE HOME CHANGE OF ADDRESS •"he house with the home-like FOR OLD LADIES In order to ensure that you get your copy of AJR Informaiion atmosphere. OAKBRAE GUEST HOUSE Moderate Terms. Mrs. M. Eger 3. Sprlngfteid Avenue regularly, please be sure to inform 'Phone : Westbourne 64176 Opposite Maiestic Hotel. Pew minutes 68, Shoot-up Hill, N.W.2 us immediately of any change ot from Roval Baths. •Phone : GLA. 5838 Mrs. Margot Smith SEO AND BREAKFAST address. •Phone ; 67682 Page 16 AJR INFORMATION September, 1961 NEWS ABOUT ISRAEL INTERNATIONAL CHOIRS IN TEL AVIV More than 2,000 singers forming 40 choirs DISCUSSION BETWEEN GERMAN AND DONATION BY GERMAN FREEMASONS from eight countries took part in the Zimriya song festival held in the Frederic Mann Audi­ ARAB STUDENTS The Federation of German Freemasons' Lodges torium, Tel Aviv. Eighteen Jewish and non- has donated DM 50,000 to the Israeli Lodge, Jewish choirs from abroad, including the London Under the auspices of the "Ring Christlich- whose President, Mr. Max Seligman, recently paid Jewish Male Choir and the Zemel Choral Society Demokratischer Studenten" the Israel problem a visit to Germany. The money is to be used (London), participated. Choirs came from France, was publicly discussed in the Auditorium Maxi­ for the erection of an Old Age Home for Free­ Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, Holland and the mum of the Free University of Berlin. Partners masons of German origin. U.S.A. of the debate were, on the one side, three mem­ bers of the " Deutsch-Israelische Studentengruppe The Zagreb choir represented Jewish choirs in "ARAB WORLD" EXmBITION CLOSED Yugoslavia at the song festival. There are three (D.I.S.) ", a group of non-Jewish German friends Jewish choirs in Yugoslavia, in Belgrade, Zagreb of Israel, and, on the other side, three members Only a few hours after it opened in Boim, an and Sarajevo. the Arab speakers expressed the view that, even exhibition was closed of photographs entitled University. According to the paper " Der Tag ", A decree of the Bulgarian Legislature has con­ " The Arab World" and arranged by Arab ferred the Order of St. Cyril and St. Method the Arab speakers expressed the view that, even students at Boim University. if the Arab refugee problem could be solved, the on the choir of the Bulgarian Jewish community Arabs would not recognise the State of Israel The Administrative Board of the University on the occasion of the choir's 50th anniversary. because they considered the country as Arab had demanded the removal of a series of pictures territory. This attitude was described as uncon- of Israel's "Gaza Aggression of 1956", stating SCIENTISTS' WORLD CONGRESS structive by the German partners of the dis­ it would not tolerate political controversies on cussion ; they referred to " the normative strength university premises. The Third World Congress of Jewish Scientists of facts" and also to the citizen rights enjoyed opened in Jerusalem on July 25, attended by by 200,000 Arabs in Israel. INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST TEACHERS' scientists from all over the world. The countries CONFERENCE IN ESSEN participating included Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia and East Germany, as well as most DR. ADENAUER ON GERMANY'S DEBT Israeli Delegate West European countries, the United States, Dr. Adenauer, at a Press conference in Berlin, Israel was for the flrst time represented at an several Latin American countries and Australia. said that Germany recognised that her moral international meeting of Socialist teachers held obligation to Israel will never cease. He said recently in Essen. Various European countries U^.A. AND THE MIDDLE EAST that after completion of the reparations pro­ and the United States participated in the ten-day gramme in 1963 West Genmany would be pre­ seminar, which was also attended by Mr. Peretz Two Democratic Congressmen from New pared to examine Israel's economic position with Leeser, headmaster of the Emek Hefer district York have protested against the issue of licences a view to future German-Israel trade relations. school near Natanya. for the export of rockets to Egypt, which they have termed a " tragic error" and an attempt GERMAN FREIGHTER DELIVERED FILM AWARDS to restore Nasser's fallen prestige. Another Democratic representative has criticised appease­ The freighter " Timna ", built by the Deutsche Israel received first prize for her documentary ment of Nasser. Werft (Hamburg), arrived in Haifa recently. She film, " Description of a Battle", at the Inter­ The Arab refugee problem and Arab discrimi­ is the thirty-sixth and last ship received by the national Film Festival in Berlin. nation against American Jews were brought up in Israeli shipping company "Zim" under the The film, produced by Wim van Leer, an the Senate by a Republican and two other Repub­ German-Israeli reparations agreements. Com­ Israeli of Dutch origin, and directed by Chris lican Senators have stated that " it is beginning menting on the event. Davar (Tel Aviv) writes Marker, depicts life in Israel. Local critics to appear as if the U.S.A. were making a series that at the time of the German-Israeli negotia­ hailed it as an " absolute masterpiece" and as of piecemeal concessions to the Arab States". tions many arguments against the conclusion of the first example of a new style in documentaries. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, at an agreement had been put forward. However, Baruch Dienar's " Hem Hayn Asara " (" They the insistence of its Chairman, Senator J. W. the excellent way in which the agreement had Were Ten") has been awarded the Grand Prix Fulbright, has adopted an amendment which con­ been fulfilled and its tremendous impact on the of the International Festival of Films for Youth siderably weakens the provision in the Foreign country's economy had proved these doubts at Cannes. The film tells the story of a group Aid Bill about Arab discrimination against Israel unjustified. of Jewish settlers in Palestine under the Turks. and American Jews.—(J.C.)

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