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Costellacest Aj a New Subgenus of Lima from the Cretaceous of the Gulf and Atlantic Coast Province Erle G

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Costellacest Aj a New Subgenus of Lima from the Cretaceous of the Gulf and Atlantic Coast Province Erle G COSTELLACEST AJ A NEW SUBGENUS OF LIMA FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF THE GULF AND ATLANTIC COAST PROVINCE ERLE G. KAUFFMAN DEPARTMEN1' OF PALEOBIOLOGY UNITED STA1'ES NA1'IONAL MUSEUM CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT _________ _______ ----------------------- -------------------------------------- -· ------------------------------------ 8 9 I. INTRO DU CTI 0 N-- -------------------------------------- ____ ___ _---- ------------------------------------------ ______________ 90 I I. A CKN 0 WLEDG MEN TS ________________________________________________ ____________________ __ __________________ ____ _____ 9 0 II I. BI 0 STRATIGRAPHY____________________ _______ _____________________ _______________________________________________ _______ 9 0 IV. PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION_______ __ _________ __________________________________ ______ _________________ _______ 92 v. THE Eco LOGY 0 F GIANT LIMAS ___________________________________________ ----------------------------------- 92 VI. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS __ _____ ____---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ 94 Genus Lima _____________________________ ______ _____ ____________________ ___ _________________ .____________ __ ________ ___ ___ 94 Subgenus Cost ellac es ta_____ ______ ________ _______ _________ _______ ------------------------------------------------__ 9 5 Lima ( Costellacesta) riddleiJ n_ sp. ______ _____ _________________ __ __ _________ ____ _____________________________ 95 Lima ( C ostellacesta) sayrei Stephenson__ _________________ ______________________ _________________________ 97 Lima ( C ostellac es ta) ins olit a Stephenson________________________________________________________________ 99 VII. REFERENCES CITED ___________________ ___ _______________________________________________________ ________________________ 99 TABLE 1: Measurements of Lima ( Costellacesta) riddleiJ n_ sp. ______ __________________________ 96 TABLE 2: Measurements of Lima (Costellacesta) sayrei Stephenson ________________________ 97 TABLE 3: Measurements: Holotype of Lima (Costellacesta) insolita Stephenson____ 99 TEXT FIGURE 1: Stratigraphic occurrence and phylogeny of Costellacesta______ _________ 91 TEXT FIGURE 2: Depth distribution of living giant Limas ---------·---------------------------- 93 TEXT FIGURE 3: Cardinal area of Lima ( Costellacesta) riddleiJ n. sp. __________ ____________ 96 PLATE ! _____________ _______________________________ -------- ------------ ------------------------------------------------------ 101 ABSTRACT Sandstone Member, Mississippi) , L. (C.) The new subgenus C ostellacesta is pro­ sayrei Stephenson (Corsicana Marl, Texas), posed for large Maestrichtian species of and L. ( C.) insolita Stephenson (youngest: Lima with an opisthocline shell, large lunule upper Peedee Formation, North Carolina). and byssal gape, single (posterior) auricle, These represent a single line of descent with­ a resilifer situated posterior to the beak, and out significant break. Successively younger ornamentation consisting of fine costellae species demonstrate the following evolution­ intercalated between prominent, equally de­ ary trends: change in marginal outline, par­ veloped costae. Three species of C ostellacesta ticularly an increase in concavity of the are known and described: L. (C.) riddleiJ dorsoanterior margin; increase in the rela­ n. sp., the type species (oldest; Chiwapa tive size of the lunule and byssal gape; re- EDITORIAL COMMITTEE FOR THIS PAPER: A. LEE McALESTER, Department of Geology, Yale University, New Haven, Connec­ ticut NORMAN F. SOHL, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C HAROLD E. VOKES, Department of Geology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Lou­ isiana 89 90 Tulane Studies in Geology Vol. 2 duction in the strength of the costae and L. ( C.) s ayrei Stephenson (Corsicana Marl, costellae; increase in number of costellae, and Navarro Group, Texas), and L. (C.) insolita decrease in number of costae per unit length; Stephenson (Upper Peedee Formation, Owl possible decrease in maximum adult size. Creek - Providence - Prairie Bluff equivalent, Costellacesta is possibly ancestral to pli­ North Carolina) . These species occur in cate Cenozoic Limas of the subgenus Plic­ successive stratigraphic units, without over­ acesta Vokes. The habitat of C ostellacesta lapping ranges, and probably represent a was probably analogous to that of living continuous evolutionary sequence. Known giant Limas ( Acesta, Plicacesta)-cold, deep species of Lima (Costellacesta) are exclusive­ waters of the continental slope and abyss, ly Maestrichtian in age, and occur only in rarely ranging into warm, shallow shelf en­ the upper half of the Exogyra costata zone vironments. This might explain the uncom­ (see Sohl, 1960, fig. 3). mon occurrence of C ostellacesta in shallow water Cretaceous deposits of the Atlantic II. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS and Gulf Coastal Plain Province. The sub­ Specimens of Lima (Costellacesta) riddlei, genus is known only from this area, and n. sp., the type species, were collected and probably represents an endemic group. donated to the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. W . C. Riddle of Memphis, Tennessee, I. INTRODUCTION as part of a program undertaken by the Mid­ Lima is a common element of Gulf and South Earth Science Club to provide the Atlantic Coast Cretaceous pelecypod assem­ Institution with research material. To Mr. blages. Individual species are widely dis­ Riddle and his associates I offer my sincere tributed and are represented in a variety of thanks. Drs. Harold E. Vokes of Tulane lithologies, rendering them potentially im­ University, A. Lee McAlester of Yale Uni­ portant in biostratigraphic zonation and cor­ versity, John Pojeta, Jr., and Norman F. relation. The American species of Lima are Sohl of the U. S. Geological Survey reviewed divisible into several distinct lineages, some the manuscript and offered valuable criti­ of which are treated as sections or sub­ cism. Dr. Sohl was also instrumental in lo­ genera by many workers. One of the most cating specimens and provided valuable as­ unusual Cretaceous lineages, and one which sistance in stratigraphic interpretation. appears to be endemic to the Gulf and At­ Drawings are by 1vt:r. L. B. Isham and Mr. la?tic Coast Province, is the group of giant L. R. Purnell, and photography by Mr. Jack Lima comprising a new subgenus, Costell­ Scott, all of the U. S. National Museum. acesta Kauffman. This lineage is possibly ancestral to the Cenozoic and Recent sub­ III. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY genus Plicacesta Vokes ( 1963). The three known species of Lima (Co s­ C ostellacesta is characterized by its large tellacesta) occur at widely scattered localities; size, inequilateral ( opisthocline) shell, single no two species have been found in the same (posterior) auricle, large lunule and byssal area. Nevertheless, the stratigraphic rela­ gape, slightly oblique resilifer situated pos­ tionships between the species are well estab­ terior to the beaks, and by the surface orna­ lished (fig. 1 ) . The oldest form, L. ( C..) rid­ mentation, which consists of narrow, sparsely dlei, n. sp., occurs exclusively in the Chiwapa fluted costae and numerous, delicate, inter­ Sandstone Member of the Ripley Formation calated costellae. Unlike many other Cre­ (Mellen, 1958; equivalent to the Keownville taceous Lima, species of L. (Costellacesta) Limestone Member of Sohl, 1960, p. 18, fig. are rare and geographically restricted; few 3) near Ingomar and Pontotoc, M-ississippi. complete specimens are known. Cenozoic The youngest member of the lineage, L. (C. ) and Recent giant Lima of the subgenera insolita Stephenson occurs only in the upper Plicacesta and Acesta are similarly restricted. part of the Peedee Formation at the New Three species of Costellacesta are known Rocky Point quarries, Pender County, North from Upper Cretaceous sediments of the Carolina (upper part of the Exogyra costata Atlantic and Gulf Coast Province. These zone, Late Maestrichtian: Stephenson, 1927, are, from oldest to youngest: Lima (Costell­ p. 13). Here it is associated with a fauna acesta) riddlei Kauffman, n. sp. ( Chiwapa of Owl Creek - Prairie Bluff - Providence age Member, Ripley Formation, Mississippi), (Stephenson, 1927, Sohl, oral communica- No. 3 C ostellacesta, a new sub genus of Lima 91 SPECIES OF TEXAS MISSISSIPPI NORTH CAROLINA LIMA PHYLOGENY (COST£LLllCEST.4 ; ' t • .l L. (C.) INSOLITA z <( CHIWAPA MBR. ;: KEOWNVILLE LS. ::z: u ii: 0.. ::> NACATOCH .... 0 SAND RIPLEY FM . "'w a:: <( "' ::IE 0 a:: a:: a:: L (C.) SAYRE! w <( 0.. > 0.. <( ::> z L (C .l RIDDLE I Figure 1-StratigTaphic occurrence, and phylogeny of Costellacesta, showing change in shape, decrease in overall size, variation in size of the lunule and byssal gape, and change in ornamentation on progressively younger species of the subgenus. Byssal gape black where definitely known, otherwise approximated by blank area in lunule. Drawings for L. (C.) riddlei based on holotype (USNM 132632), for L. (C.) sayrei on paratype (USNM 132636), and for L. (C.) insolita on holotype (USNM 73431). Outl'ines reduced 14; ornamentation approximately X 1;2. tion, 1964). Near Ingamar and Pontotoc Bluff strata and those of the Chiwapa Sand­ the Prairie Bluff Chalk disconformably over­ stone Member of the Ripley (Sohl, 1960, lies the Chiwapa Sandstone Member of the fig. 3). This disconformity was recognized Ripley, and although L. ( C.) insolita does and widely traced by Stephenson and Mun­ not occur here, its age relationship to L. (C.) roe ( 193 7), p. 806), and is present at In­ riddlei,
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