DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations THE ANCESTORS ABOVE, THE PEOPLE BELOW: CEMETERIES, LANDSCAPE AND DUAL ORGANIZATION IN LATE PRE-COLUMBIAN COSTA RICA by R. Jeffrey Frost A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON 2009 UMI Number: 3400007 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI' Dissertation Publishing UMI 3400007 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 A dissertation entitled The Ancestors Above, The People Below: Cemeteries, Landscape, and Dual Organization in Late Pre-Columbian Costa Rica submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin-Madison in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Roger Jeffrey Frost Date of Final Oral Examination: 0ctober 2' 2009 Month & Year Degree to be awarded: December 2009 May August •it************************************************************************************************ Signatures of Dissertation Committee J f no A0) Signature, Dean of Graduate School n&jfin QekmO^A, w i CONTENTS Contents i List of Figures iv List of Tables vi Acknowledgements vii Abstract xii 1. Introduction 1 Chiefdoms 3 Sociopolitical Organization in Greater Chiriqui 6 Dissertation Outline 10 2. Environment and Culture History of Greater Chiriqui 13 Introduction 13 Defining Greater Chiriqui 13 Natural Setting 16 A Culture History of Greater Chiriqui 17 Paleoindian Period (11,000-8000 B.C.) 18 Tropical Archaic Period (8000-1500 B.C.) 18 The Formative Period: (1500 B.C. -A.D. 750) 19 Aguas Buenas Period (300 B.C. - A.D. 750) 20 Chiriqui Period (A.D. 750-1500) 23 Contact and early Colonial Period (A.D. 1500-1600) 29 History of Archaeology Research in Greater Chiriqui 30 3. Modeling Indigenous Costa Rican Society 39 Introduction 39 The Bribri and the Cabecar 41 Bribri Political Organization 46 Bribri Clan and Moiety Organization 50 TheKogi 56 Summary 59 Archaeology of Dual Organization 61 Andean Dual Organization 61 Spatial and Material Expectations 72 4. Social and Political Organization in 16th and 17th Century Costa Rica 74 The Contact-period in Costa Rica and Panama 75 Social and Political Organization 76 Religious Leadership 80 Commoners and Slaves 83 Pueblos, Palenques, and Dual Organization 88 Summary 93 5. Chiriqui Period Cemeteries 94 Introduction 94 Previous Research on Chiriqui Cemeteries 95 Chiriqui Period Cemeteries 99 Multiple-mound Cemeteries , 103 ii Dually Organized Sites 107 Summary of Chiriqui Patterns 119 Summary and Conclusions 122 6. Previous Investigations at The Rivas-Panteon de la Reina Complex 126 Rivas-Panteon de la Reina 126 Rivas 127 Small-Scale Architecture: Operations A and J 131 Large-Scale Architecture: Operations D and E 133 Petroglyphs 137 Simple Cemeteries: Operations C and K 138 "False" Cemetery: Operation D-94 142 Panteon de la Reina 145 The Rivas Site in its Regional Context 146 Summary of Rivas Work 149 7. The 2003 and 2004 Investigations at the Panteon de la Reina 151 Introduction 151 Panteon de la Reina: Research Questions 152 Indicators of Moiety Affiliation 159 Status Differentiation 160 Fieldwork Methods 161 Survey and Mapping 162 Excavation 164 Artifact Analysis and Curation 167 8. Fieldwork Results 169 Panteon de la Reina Location 170 Excavations 173 Stairway and Platforms 174 Lower Platform 180 Upper Platform 182 Patios 183 Construction Episodes 187 Stone Pillars 188 Artifact analysis 190 La Reina Norte and La Reina Sur Cemeteries 197 La Reina Norte 198 La Reina Sur 204 Panteon de la Reina Graves 212 La Reina Norte Graves 212 La Reina Sur Graves 230 Summary of Panteon de la Reina Grave Features 230 Panteon de La Reina Artifacts 232 Ceramic materials 232 Lithic materials 240 Metals 242 Chronometric Dating 244 iii Summary 251 9. Dual Social and Spatial Organization at the Rivas-Panteon de la Reina Complex 256 Dual Organization of the Rivas Site 256 Duality within the Natural World 257 Duality in the Built Environment 258 Architectural Organization along the Central Axis 262 Asymmetry 264 Moiety Organization at Rivas-Reina 269 Rivas-Reina as a Mortuary Complex 271 Zone I: Residential-Ceremonial 278 Zone II: D94 False Cemetery: 279 Zone III: Stairway and Platform 280 Zone IV: La Reina Sur and La Reina Norte (not shown on Figure 9.6) 284 Conclusions 285 10. Beyond Chiriqui: Dual Organization Across the Talamanca Range 287 Introduction 287 Guayabo de Turrialba 288 Guayabo Organization 293 Duality at Guayabo 297 Rivas-Reina/Guayabo Comparisons 299 Summary 304 11. Summary and Conclusions 306 Chiriqui Dual Organization 307 Changes in Spatial Patterns 308 Rivas-Panteon de la Reina 309 Directions for future research 310 References Cited 315 Appendix A: Chiriqui Period Cemetery Complexes 339 Diqufs Sites 339 Western Panama Sites 348 Appendix B. Radiocarbon Dates 350 Rivas 350 IV LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 1 Archaeological regions mentioned in text 1 Figure 2. 1 Archaeological regions of Costa Rica 14 Figure 2. 2 Greater Chiriquf with sub-regions 15 Figure 2. 3 Formative period sites mentioned in text 21 Figure 2. 4 Chiriquf period sites mentioned in text 24 Figure 2. 5 Photograph of Bribri u-sure, c. 1900 25 Figure 2. 6 Examples of Chiriquf goldwork. Reportedly from Panteon de la Reina 27 Figure 2. 7 Examples of peg-based sculpture (left) and feline effigy metates (right). From Mason 1945 28 Figure 3. 1 Schematic of Bribri universe (after Gonzalez and Gonzalez 2000: 154) 44 Figure 3. 2 Reconstruction of Bribri moiety system and clan hierarchy 53 Figure 3. 3 Site of Cardal, lower Lurfn Valley, Peru (after Burger and Salazar Burger 1991) 66 Figure 3. 4 Structures 1 and 2 at Pampa Chica. (Modified from Dulanto 2002:101) 67 Figure 3. 5 The Old and New Temples at Chavin de Huantar. (Modified from Burger 1995:131) 70 Figure 4. 1 Approximate locations of sixteenth-century paired and dually organized settlements 91 Figure 5. 1 Large Chiriquf period cemetery sites 97 Figure 5. 2 Multiple-mound site of Potrero Grande, Costa Rica 105 Figure 5. 3 Multiple-mound site of Finca Remolino, Costa Rica (after Drolet 1983) 106 Figure 5. 4 Map of Murcielago illustrating dual divisions of residential and cemetery zones 109 Figure 5. 5 Map of Rivas-Reina site illustrating dual division of Panteon de la Reina Cemetery 111 Figure 5. 6 Map of Brishav Cra (P-673Bc). Modified from Sol 2001:130 113 Figure 6. 1 Location of Rivas and Panteon de la Reina. Dotted box represents limits of Figure 6.2 128 Figure 6. 2 Map of the Rivas-Reina with operations indicated 130 Figure 6. 3 Operation A 132 Figure 6. 4 Operations D, D94, and E 135 Figure 6. 5 Excavations in Operation C 139 Figure 6. 6 Operation D-94 143 Figure 8. 1 Plan and Profile of Panteon de la Reina. Shaded areas indicate areas of 172 Figure 8. 2 Planview of Stairway, platforms, and patios 175 Figure 8. 3 Profile of Platforms and portion of Stairway. (View to North) 176 Figure 8. 4 Planview of architecture at the top of the Stairway 178 Figure 8. 5 Isometric reconstruction of platforms and associated features. View to west 179 Figure 8. 6 Profile of South Fire Pit showing charcoal-rich soil. View to south 181 Figure 8. 7 North wall of north walled patio. A worker cleans a cobble pavement to its north 185 Figure 8. 8 South walled patio. View to west 186 Figure 8. 9 Two phases of construction between two fire pits 188 Figure 8. 10 Photo of in situ pillars. Above South Fire Pit (left) and on Stairway pavement (right) 190 Figure 8. 11 Frequencies of sherd types in Rivas site and on the Stairway platforms 192 Figure 8. 12 Sarten handle (N996.20, E1000.95) 193 Figure 8. 13 Profile view of three scrapers. Scraping edges on left 195 Figure 8. 14 Map of La Reina Norte with excavated areas indicated 199 Figure 8. 15 Photograph of wall on south end of La Reina Norte. View to north 201 V Figure 8. 16 Planview of wall, south end La Reina Norte 202 Figure 8. 17 Map of La Reina Sur 206 Figure 8. 18 Architecture at North end La Reina Sur (under revision) 208 Figure 8. 19 Wall at north end La Reina Sur. View to South 209 Figure 8. 20 Photo and illustration of wall within La Reina Sur 211 Figure 8. 21 Graves 1-7 and associated features, La Reina Norte 215 Figure 8. 22 Profile of stratigraphy over Grave 1. Note dark brown matrix directly above pavement 216 Figure 8. 23 Plan view photograph of Grave 1 217 Figure 8. 24 Photograph of vessels below pavement of Grave 1. Note darker soil and disturbed cobbles above the vessels 218 Figure 8. 25 Profile Grave 1. A looter pit intrudes on the lower right corner of the grave. View to West 219 Figure 8. 26 Surface pavement of Grave 6 223 Figure 8. 27 Profiles of Grave 6 224 Figure 8. 28 Grave 7 profile. Note deep deposits of dark soil within pavement. View to north 225 Figure 8. 29 Grave 8 planview (top) and profile (bottom) 229 Figure 8. 30 Frequencies of sherd types by cemetery 235 Figure 8. 31 Gilen Black on Tan tripod jar.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • El Ushnu Y La Organización Espacial Astronómica En La Sierra Central Del Chinchaysuyu Estudios Atacameños, Núm
    Estudios Atacameños ISSN: 0716-0925 [email protected] Universidad Católica del Norte Chile Pino M., José Luis El ushnu y la organización espacial astronómica en la sierra central del Chinchaysuyu Estudios Atacameños, núm. 29, 2005, pp. 143-161 Universidad Católica del Norte San Pedro de Atacama, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=31502906 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Estudios Atacameños N° 29, pp.EL 143-161 USHNU (2005) Y LA ORGANIZACION ESPACIAL ASTRONOMICA… El ushnu y la organización espacial astronómica en la sierra central del Chinchaysuyu JOSÉ LUIS PINO M.1 RESUMEN “Pacha Cuti Ynga dio orden muy mucha hazienda para sacrificar a las uacas y de las casas del so El ushnu inca tuvo gran importancia en la dominación y tenplo de Curi Cancha; el trono y aciento de los ideológica en los wamani del Chinchaysuyu. Este artícu- Yngas llamado usno en cada wamani señaló” lo ofrece nuevas interpretaciones basadas principalmente (Guamán Poma 1980 [1615]: 265 [267]). en evidencias encontradas en Huánuco Pampa y otros tampus de la sierra central. Se propone que el ushnu en los Andes sólo tuvo funciones de recepción de ofrendas, Introducción especialmente líquidos, en ceremonias programadas de acuerdo a un calendario instituido, y que posteriormente los incas superponen funciones de observación La sociedad inca en su política imperial utilizó astronómica.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Continuities and Disjunctures in Urban
    CONTINUITIES AND DISJUNCTURES IN URBAN PLANNING IN THE ANCIENT ANDES Jerry D. Moore DO NOT CITE IN ANY CONTEXT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR Jerry D. Moore, Department of Anthropology, California State University Dominguez Hills 1000 E. Victoria St., Carson, CA 90747 ([email protected]) 1 A comparative analysis of prehispanic Andean cities indicates significant discontinuities in the organization of public space. Although architectonic components and architectural inventories recur in different urban traditions, there are marked differences in the overall plans of Andean cities and little continuity between the earliest Andean urban centers and earlier Formative settlements or between later capitals and cities associated with various Andean states and empires, such as Moche, Tiwanaku, Wari, Chan Chan or Cuszco. This suggests that the prehispanic Andean city was developed divergently and employed different principles of urban design, and that Andean societies deployed different forms of what Eric Wolf called “structural power,” in which the urban landscapes were the settings for different forms of power interactions through Andean prehistory. 2 The Central Andes have an urban tradition that is among the oldest known in the world (Figure 1). With the appearance of large settlements during the 3rd – 2nd millennia B.C. along the Peruvian coast, a constructed legacy began that rivals ancient Mesopotamian cities and antedates by at least a millennium the development of Mesoamerican urbanism (Makowski 2008). Yet, a diachronic perspective suggests that prehistoric urbanism was a fragile and inconstant process in the Andes, as prehistoric communities aggregated and dispersed, presumably in response to a range of social and environmental pressures.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic History and Pre-Columbian Diaspora of Chibchan Speaking Populations: Molecular Genetic Evidence
    Genetic history and pre-Columbian Diaspora of Chibchan speaking populations: Molecular genetic evidence by Copyright 2008 Phillip Edward Melton M.A., University of Kansas, 2005 Submitted to the Department of Anthropology and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy _________________________ Chairperson _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Date Defended:_________________________ The Dissertation Committee for Phillip E. Melton certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Genetic history and pre-Columbian Diaspora of Chibchan speaking populations: Molecular genetic evidence by Copyright 2008 Phillip Edward Melton M.A., University of Kansas, 2005 Submitted to the Department of Anthropology and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy _________________________ Chairperson _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Date Defended:_________________________ ii Abstract This dissertation examined Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic variation in 230 individuals from five (Rama, Chorotega, Huetar, Maléku, and Guaymi) indigenous populations inhabiting lower Central America in order to determine the evolutionary history and biological relationship among Chibchan-speakers and
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template
    INDIGENOUS MOBILIZATION, INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND RESISTANCE: THE NGOBE MOVEMENT FOR POLITICAL AUTONOMY IN WESTERN PANAMA By OSVALDO JORDAN-RAMOS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2010 1 © 2010 Osvaldo Jordan Ramos 2 A mi madre Cristina por todos sus sacrificios y su dedicacion para que yo pudiera terminar este doctorado A todos los abuelos y abuelas del pueblo de La Chorrera, Que me perdonen por todo el tiempo que no pude pasar con ustedes. Quiero que sepan que siempre los tuve muy presentes en mi corazón, Y que fueron sus enseñanzas las que me llevaron a viajar a tierras tan lejanas, Teniendo la dignidad y el coraje para luchar por los más necesitados. Y por eso siempre seguiré cantando con ustedes, Aje Vicente, toca la caja y llama a la gente, Aje Vicente, toca la caja y llama a la gente, Aje Vicente, toca la caja y llama la gente. Toca el tambor, llama a la gente, Toca la caja, llama a la gente, Toca el acordeón, llama a la gente... 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to recognize the great dedication and guidance of my advisor, Philip Williams, since the first moment that I communicated to him my decision to pursue doctoral studies at the University of Florida. Without his encouragement, I would have never been able to complete this dissertation. I also want to recognize the four members of my dissertation committee: Ido Oren, Margareth Kohn, Katrina Schwartz, and Anthony Oliver-Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • R---No. 23 -24 Mayo 2010
    r-·r----------------------- No. 23 -24 mayo 2010 No. 23 -24 mayo 2010 Dirección General Margarita Vannini Editores de este número ISSN: 1017-4680 Martin Künne Rigoberto Navarro Genie Producción Jan Kees de Rooy Ilustraciones Cortesía del Instituto Iberoamericano, Fundación Patrimonio Cultural Prusiano. Cortesía del Museo Antropológico de Berlín. Cortesía del Museo Nacional de Costa Rica. Martin Künne Rigoberto Navarro Genie Corrección de estilo: Mario Urtecho Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica (IHNCA-UCA) Foto de la portada Dibujos coloridos de dos cerámicas policromas encontradas en la región arqueológica de Gran Nicoya. Dibujos de Walter Lehmann. Foto cortesía del Instituto Iberoamericano, Fundación Patrimonio Cultural Prusiano, legado Walter Lehmann. Índice Presentación Martin Künne y Rigoberto Navarro Genie 1 Los primeros viajeros europeos y las colecciones arqueológicas del sur de América Central Martin Künne 5 Walter Lehmann: Bosquejo biográfico Martin Künne 15 Resultados de un viaje exploratorio en Centroamérica y México 1907-1909 Walter Lehmann, traducido por el CIDCA 23 Estaciones del primer viaje de Walter Lehmann a través de América Central (1907-09), según sus propias anotaciones Martin Künne 81 Cien años después del “rescate” del “objeto auténtico”: El significado científico de la obra arqueológica de Walter Lehmann al comienzo del siglo XXI Martin Künne 173 Perspectiva del estudio de la cerámicas arqueológica colectada por Walter Lehmann en la región Gran Nicoya a la luz de los conocimientos actuales Martin
    [Show full text]
  • Douglas R. White*
    FOCUSED ETHNOGRAPHIC BIBLIOGRAPHY: STANDARD CROSS-CULTURAL SAMPLE Douglas R. White* This bibliography consists, for each society in the Standard Sample, of (1) the sources cited by each of the major studies that contributed extensive sets of coded ethnographic variables; (2) any new sources that have been published or become available or known to the author since the original "pinpointing" sheets were prepared; and (3) citations to all of the above sources that are contained, as of 1988, in the Human Relations Area Files (1976, updated 1985, 1988). Publication of the bibliography of ethnographic sources for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (Murdock and White 1969) marks a new phase in the development of professional access to the cross- cultural data base. This phase builds on George Peter Murdock’s lifelong work of assessing the quality of ethnographic descriptions, coding the ethnographic variables for his extensive EthnographicAtlas (Murdock 1967), and classifying these societies in terms of cultural similarities. From 1967 to 1969, he and I assessed several thousand candidate societies, in order to pick the best-described societies in each of 186 world cultural provinces and to choose the earliest date of high-quality description for each, so as to construct a representative world sample of high-quality ethnographies for comparative analysis. Each society was pinpointed to a particular community or locale, in addition to a focal date, to which the description applied. In the Human Relations Area Files ( H RAF), the full text passages pertaining to a particular society may describe more than one locality and more than one focal date, which can allow the researcher to make intra- cultural and historical comparisons.
    [Show full text]
  • Cabécar – a Chibchan Language of Costa Rica
    ELISABETH VERHOEVEN (B REMEN ) Cabécar – a Chibchan language of Costa Rica Abstract This article presents an overview of Cabécar, an indigenous language of Costa Rica spoken in the Talamanca Mountain Range. The language is endangered in that many young ethnic Cabécars exclu- sively speak Spanish. From a linguistic point of view, Cabécar possesses a number of outstanding characteristics, which are the subject of this article. 1. Introduction: The language and its speakers 1 Cabécar is the name of a language spoken by an indigenous population living in the Talamanca mountain range of Costa Rica. More recent statements regarding the number of speakers vary to a considerable degree: while Margery Peña (1985a: 131, 1991: 121, 1989/2003: xi) mentions between 2000 and 3000 speakers, Lewis (ed.) 2009 reports the number of 8840 speakers in the year 2000. The official census from the year 2000 men- tions 9861 ethnic Cabécars of which approximately 85% identify themselves as speak- ing the language (Solano 2002). There are four enclaves in the Talamanca mountain range of Costa Rica where Cabé- car is spoken: Chirripó, La Estrella, and San José Cabécar, all three located at the Atlan- tic side of the mountain range in the province of Limón, and Ujarrás, located at the Pacific side of the mountain range in the province of Puntarenas (Margery Peña 1991: 121, 1989/2003: xi, see Figure 1). In general people of these four regions do not have much contact to each other so that the varieties of the language spoken may differ to a considerable degree. Margery Peña (1989/2003) identifies two main dialects on the basis of phonological, morpho-syntactic and lexical characteristics, namely a northern 1 This article is based on fieldwork carried out in Ujarrás (Costa Rica) in April 2009 and July/August 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Flower World Music Archaeology of the Americas Mundo Florido Arqueomusicología De Las Américas
    Flower World Music Archaeology of the Americas Mundo Florido Arqueomusicología de las Américas vol. 2 Edited by / Editado por Matthias Stöckli & Arnd Adje Both Flower World Music Archaeology of the Americas Mundo Florido Arqueomusicología de las Américas General Editor / Editor general Arnd Adje Both Flower World Music Archaeology of the Americas Mundo Florido Arqueomusicología de las Américas vol. 2 Edited by / Editado por Matthias Stöckli & Arnd Adje Both Matthias Stöckli & Arnd Adje Both (eds.) Flower World: Music Archaeology of the Americas, vol. 2 / Mundo Florido: Arqueomusicología de las Américas, vol. 2 Berlin / Berlín: Ekho Verlag, 2013 200 pages with 117 illustrations / 200 páginas con 117 ilustraciones ISSN 2195-7665 / ISBN 978-3-944415-00-0 (series / serie) ISBN 978-3-944415-14-7 (hardcover / tapa dura, vol. 2) ISBN 978-3-944415-16-1 (PDF) General Editor / Editor General: Arnd Adje Both Layout and Typography / Diseño y tipografía: Ingo Stahl-Blood Logo / Logotipo: Claudia Zeißig Printed / Imprimido: H. Heenemann, Berlin Ekho Verlag Dr. Arnd Adje Both, Berlin / Berlín [email protected] www.ekho-verlag.com All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the Ekho Verlag. Todos los derechos reservados. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la reprografía y el tratamiento informático, la fotocopia o la grabación, sin la previa autorización por escrito del Ekho Verlag. © 2013 Ekho Verlag Flower World - Mundo Florido, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inca Compound at La Centinela, Chincha
    Andean Past Volume 5 Article 6 1998 The ncI a Compound at La Centinela, Chincha Dwight T. Wallace [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/andean_past Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Architectural History and Criticism Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Dwight T. (1998) "The ncaI Compound at La Centinela, Chincha," Andean Past: Vol. 5 , Article 6. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/andean_past/vol5/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Andean Past by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INCA COMPOUND AT LA CENTINELA, CHINCHA Dwight T. Wallace SUNY-Albany Introduction south or east of the famous central coast tem- ple of Pachacamac during the late prehispanic La Centinela is a large site at the north- periods. The obviously symbolic layout of the west edge of the floor of the Chincha Valley, road system and its focus on the main pyramid Peru, very near the ocean and the bluffs that fit the known function of La Centinela as the separate the fully utilized flood plain from the pilgrimage center for a famous oracle, serving higher pampa (Figure 1). The Chincha Valley all areas -- coast and highlands -- to the south floor is a triangular, delta-like flood plain, and east. It was considered a "daughter" of roughly 25 km on a side, of very rich and eas- the even more famous Pachacamac oracular ily irrigated farmland.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient South American Cosmology: Four Thousand Years
    Ancient South American Cosmology: Four Thousand Years of the Myth of the Fox About Contents Editorial Submit Abstracting Processing Manuscript Book/Journal the All Guidelines Your Contact & Indexing Charges Preparation Sales Journal Volumes & Review Manuscript Cosmology Science Books Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Order from Amazon Journal of Cosmology, 2011, Vol , In Press. JournalofCosmology.com, 2011 Ancient South American Cosmology: Four Thousand Years of the Myth of the Fox Robert A. Benfer, Ph.D.1, Louanna Furbee, Ph.D.1, and Hugo Ludeña R., Ph.D.2 1Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri‐Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 USA 2Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Facultad de Humanidades, Escuela Profesional de Antropología y Arqueología. Dirección postal: Av. La Colmena 262, Lima 1, Perú. Abstract Mesoamerica and South America share common features in cosmology such as origin accounts. Further, the geographical breadth of these shared myths suggests considerable time depth. In South America, a mythical fox is linked to the moon, the sky, crops, marine foods, and irrigation. Review of ethnohistory and ethnography show that this mythical fox is restricted to Andean and tropical lowland South America, a range that still suggests considerable antiquity for the myth. Archaeological investigation offers a way of testing proposed antiquity. Four representations of foxes in the site of Buena Vista, Chillón Valley, Perú, date to between 2000 and 2200 BC. They are associated with temples on platform mounds, which show general astronomical orientations. Several temples have a complex set of astronomical alignments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Two Faces of Incan History
    THE TWO FACES OF INCAN HISTORY UNRAVELLING DUAL REPRESENTATIONS IN ORAL TRADITIONS OF PRE- HISPANIC CUZCO Isabel Yaya A Thesis submitted to the University of New South Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sydney, Australia, 2008 ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed …………………………………………….............. Date …………………………………………….............. i COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only).
    [Show full text]
  • EL USHNU Y LA ASTRONOMÍA DE HORIZONTE EN VIÑA DEL CERRO Chungara, Revista De Antropología Chilena, Vol
    Chungara, Revista de Antropología Chilena ISSN: 0716-1182 [email protected] Universidad de Tarapacá Chile Moyano, Ricardo EL USHNU Y LA ASTRONOMÍA DE HORIZONTE EN VIÑA DEL CERRO Chungara, Revista de Antropología Chilena, vol. 42, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2010, pp. 419-432 Universidad de Tarapacá Arica, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32615600006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Volumen 42, Nº 2, 2010. Páginas 419-432 Chungara, Revista de Antropología Chilena EL USHNU Y LA ASTRONOMÍA DE HORIZONTE EN VIÑA DEL CERRO THE USHNU AND HORIZON ASTRONOMY IN VIÑA DEL CERRO Ricardo Moyano1 En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de las orientaciones de la arquitectura reconstruida en el centro metalúrgico Diaguita-Inka Viña del Cerro, sector medio de la cuenca del río Copiapó, III Región de Atacama, norte de Chile. Estos resultados sugieren que la plataforma que formaba parte del ushnu, y los vanos de acceso a la kancha y recintos de la unidad A, pudieran estar relacionados con la elaboración y ajuste de un calendario solar de horizonte y con determinadas mon- tañas del paisaje local. El ushnu en Viña del Cerro, además de cumplir con funciones políticas y administrativas establecidas por el Tawantinsuyu en el lugar, habría servido como un axis mundi, escenario para las principales ceremonias religiosas vinculadas con la observación de los solsticios y el culto a las huacas de los cerros Calquis y Potro.
    [Show full text]