RESEARCH NEWS 2 Vol

MARITIME RESEARCH NEWS 2 Vol. 12/ISSN 0784-6010 1998 List of Contents Page: Petri Varsta Editors Corner............................................2 Göran Granholm Improving safety with the Automatic Identification System...................................2 Kaj Riska Requirements for Ship Performance in Ice....4 Kari Marttila Evacuation from a Listing Passenger Cabin..6 Harri Soininen A Propeller-Ice Contact Model....................7 Jorma Rytkönen Maritime Operations and the Environment.9 . Ilkka Saisto Modernization of the Towing Carriage.......10 News.........................................................11 Recent Publications................................12 Cower Photo: Pentti Tuononen Maritime Institute of Finland 1 EDITORS CORNER we be more rational and analyze the research it is difficult to see answer that southern Europe work itself. Among the research community of would be interested in the winter navigation Petri Varsta Professor the industry the idea of innovation process has problems in the Baltic, but for the national Helsinki University of Technology been launched, where the aim is to produce new economy of Finland it is a crucial question. An solutions for the ship markets by stepped often used concept related to EU research is that SHIP RESEARCH IN scientific and technical innovations. The general the research must have a European dimension, time based lay-out of the innovation process which can be interpreted as some kind of added EUROPE consists of three blocks: fundamental marine value. What does it mean in practice? The most research at selected top knowledge subjects, direct or pragmatic answer is that modern applied ship research at basic knowledge subjects maritime research needs expensive research WHAT IS NEW ? and the third one, the product development itself. equipment that cannot be developed and This approach of co-operation is possible to purchased on the national basis, but with co- Todays R&D work in European shipbuilding follow in EU research programs and I am sure operation the cost efficiency increases to an faces new challenges. During this year the that it offers several possibilities to get new acceptable level. An example of this could be European shipbuilding industry has developed research results and new products. efficient information technology instrumentation the Thematic Networks for the co-ordination of The European research resources in marine needed onboard marine expeditions to remote the implementation of the Master Plan to the technology are large counted on the basis of areas. Another example from an on-going project EU 5th Framework programme. The two number of organizations and also employees, is the powerful laser equipment existing in networks for research priorities are Product but this is an illusion. The organizations are not France, which is used in an EU research project Innovation (PRODIS) and Production in the creative element, but the researchers aimed at developing new closed steel structures. Shipbuilding (CEPS). The processing of the themselves. Here we have the key problem. The research topics has been very similar to that we marine industry as a whole does not attract in Finland have applied in two research programs, young people, but they are more interested in THE WORK IN THE Shipyard 2000 and SeaTech. The thematic information and computer industry. This NEAR FUTURE working groups represent current trends in situation can be improved by joint research work, which in itself is more transparent than international and European marine research giving The European marine industry has defined the the overall direction to the research. in-house research. But also the results of the research change the work content in the industry; main research areas and the targets for joint EU we will have more effective and automated design research forum. At the next stage the research THE PROBLEMS TO and production in shipyards controlled by project proposals must be developed and this computers and less hard labour by human beings. happens in the near future. There the role of the OVERCOME By research results we can also change the work European research organizations will be crucial content of the young naval architects in line with and the question can be put: are we capable of What is the general structure of European modern European industry. this? This means work in co-operation with the marine research? In the political slogans the aim What is the content of EU marine research? It industry to process the defined subjects and goals of the European research is defined as the can not surely be interpreted to cover all the into research entities which are composed of commercial battle against other big industrial research activities in this field. We must have workable packages so that the results from the blocks of the globe. One can ask is this single national research, which aims to the specific project will be according to the aims and at the idea relevant in the historical perspective? Should problems that every country has. For instance same time truthful. IMPROVING SAFETY WITH THE AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Göran Granholm, VTT Manufacturing According to some experts, the Automatic individual transmission time slots. The objective Technology Identification System, or AIS for short, will is to incorporate the Universal AIS in SOLAS change the way we look at maritime Chapter 5, making this equipment mandatory The new functional specifications of a communication. It may also become the most on ships exceeding a certain size. The current Universal AIS, as approved by the IMO, offers important safety improving technology since the proposal would affect approximately 40,000 a whole range of new possibilities when it comes introduction of radar. ships, owned/managed by shipping companies to improving the safety of maritime traffic. The system works on a dedicated VHF radio resident in countries that have accepted the frequency on which a communication link is SOLAS convention. The Finnish and Swedish established completely Maritime Administrations have been working autonomously without user hard to promote this technology and to make it involvement and without the the new standard internationally. need of a land based station to The core function is the basic position report co-ordinate the radio traffic. containing identification, position, speed and This makes the communication heading broadcast from each vessel and available services available both shore-to- to all others within the reach of VHF radio. This ship and directly between ships message is updated with an interval of a few where ever they meet. The seconds to produce an accurate and up-to-date underlying technology called traffic image in the VTS or onboard other ships. SOTDMA (Self Organised Time In addition to the position report a number of Division Multiple Access) uses other predefined messages have been defined. accurate GPS time as a common The possibility to construct new message time reference for allocating structures based on free format binary data or text strings provides an attractive base for AIS transponder and ECDIS terminal with AIS targets displayed. developing totally new services. 2 support a multilingual service in which the user can output a message in the chosen language. • Onboard AIS data recording and play- back. AIS data can easily be recorded and reproduced onboard or on shore, enabling e.g. a simple shore based black box. The second day of the presentation was arranged together with Helsinki VTS and showedsome VTS oriented services including: • Transmitting targets under radar surveillance using the AIS system. Being a permanent radar installation, a VTS radar network can provide unbroken and wide coverage of the VTS area. AIS offers some major advantages that can be used to enhance radar based traffic monitoring onboard. With this function, the location Passenger ferry navigating through the and identification data of the objects archipelago (photo Jorma Rytkönen). services. The new functions were presented and recognised in radar monitoring will be evaluated at an on-site demonstration 1-2 transmitted by the system just as if they THE POSEIDON September this year as a part of the Poseidon were AIS subjects. As a result, objects need project. The presentation started onboard ms to be identified only once and other parties PROJECT Silja Serenade on a trip from Stockholm to will be able to receive the object with their Helsinki and continued the next day in Helsinki. identification attached. VTT has participated in the international The event attracted some thirty experts from • Transmitting differential corrections on research project POSEIDON sponsored by the Scandinavia and the EU. the AIS network. This is a function built European Commission and locally by the Finnish into the system, by which a GPS correction Maritime Administration. The project deals with The first part of the demonstration was devoted signal can be transmitted on the AIS VTS (Vessel Traffic Services) integration and to ship-to-ship communication services. network. A DGPS-level positioning can data networks and provides a logical basis for Onboard Silja Serenade the simultaneous thus be achieved on vessels without a evaluating new communication systems such as departure of the ship and ms Mariella as an AIS differential receiver of their own. This the AIS. target was followed in real time. Demonstrated correction signal, which is transmitted on features were: VHF, is also insensitive to weather

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