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Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia - A History The recent conflict between the indigenous Uyghur and Han Chinese demonstrates that Xinjiang is a major trouble spot for China, with Uyghur demands for increased autonomy, and where Beijing's policy is to more finnly integrate the province within China. This book provides an account of how China's evolving integrationist policies in Xinjiang have influenced its foreign policy in Central Asia since the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, and how the policy ofintegration is related to China's concern for security and its pursuit of increased power and influence in Central Asia. The book traces the development of Xinjiang- from the collapse of the Qing Empire in the early twentieth century to the present - and argues that there is a largely complementary relationship between China's Xinjiang, Central Asia and grand strategy-derived interests. This pattern of interests informs and shapes China's diplomacy in Central Asia and its approach to the governance ofXinjiang. Michael E. Clarke shows how China's concerns and policies, although pursued with vigour in recent decades, are of long standing, and how domestic problems and policies in Xinjiang have for a long time been closely bound up with wider international relations issues. Michael E. Clarke is a Research Fellow at the Griffith Asia Institute, Griffith University, Australia. He is the co-editor of China, Xinjiang and Central Asia: History, transition and crossborder interaction into the 21st century (Routledge, 2009). 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Clarke 1 Routledge 1~ 'lllylor&.FrancisCroup LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2011 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint ofthe Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2011. To pmchase yom own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. Cl 2011 Michael E. Qarke The right of Michael E. Qa.Ik.e to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright. Designs and PatentAct 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without pennission in writing from the publishers. British Library CaJaloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library ofCongress CaJaloging in Publication Data Qarke, Michael E. Xi~iang and China's rise in Central Asia - a history I Michael E. Qa.Ik.e. p. em. -(Routledge contemporary China series; 64) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Xi~iang Uygm Zizhiqu (China)-Politics and government 2. Geopolitics--0rina-Xi~iang Uygm Zizhiqu. 3. Xi~iang Uygm Zizhiqu (China)-Economic integration-Political aspects. 4. Xi~iang Uygm Zizhiqu (China)-Strategic aspects. I. Title. DS793.S62C63 2011 9511.605--dc22 2010033464 ISBN 0-203-83111-X Master e-bookiSBN ISBN 13: 978-0-415-58456-2 (hbk) ISBN 13:978-0-203-83111-3 (ebk) For Edmund aarke, and Augie and Marisa Agostinelli Contents Preface Xll Acknowledgements Xlll List ofabbreviations