DOCSLIB.ORG

Canada's Comparative Advantage in Signals Intelligence Sharing, 1947 to Present

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Canada's Comparative Advantage in Signals Intelligence Sharing, 1947 to Present University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-04-29 Trading Secrets: Canada's Comparative Advantage in Signals Intelligence Sharing, 1947 to Present Robson, Maria Ann Robson, M. A. (2015). Trading Secrets: Canada's Comparative Advantage in Signals Intelligence Sharing, 1947 to Present (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28500 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2186 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Trading Secrets: Canada’s Comparative Advantage in Signals Intelligence Sharing, 1947 to Present by Maria Robson A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES CALGARY, ALBERTA APRIL, 2015 © Maria Robson 2015 Abstract Canada is a member of the world’s strongest intelligence-sharing relationship, the Five Eyes. Why has Canada been a valued partner for the United States and the United Kingdom, states with greater absolute intelligence capabilities? Canada’s intelligence capabilities are understudied; existing scholarship has suffered from a lack of access to material. The declassification of archival materials surrounding the establishment of Five Eyes allow this thesis to make a new contribution to the literature, illuminating Canada’s unique value to its strategic partners. This thesis demonstrates that Canada has a comparative advantage in signals intelligence (SIGINT). While directly benefiting national security, Canadian SIGINT was built and leveraged to ensure value to its most powerful intelligence-sharing partners. Canada has acted on gains from trade, identifying comparative advantages in geography and analytical capabilities and leveraging them to ensure access to intelligence, military support, and political relationships to further its national security. ii Acknowledgments This thesis would not have been possible without many individuals who supported my often seemingly unwise decision to complete a thesis while working full-time. At the university: First and foremost, thank you to Dr. John Ferris, to whom I am greatly indebted for his tireless supervision and sage advice. At the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies, many friends contributed to the wonderful learning experience. Tim and Shaiel were there from day one and bouncing ideas off each other was invaluable. Dr. Arne Kislenko and Dr. Denis Smyth also deserve heartfelt thanks for piquing my interest in intelligence studies. Conducting research: Thank you to Ray Boisvert for his insights, the National Cryptologic Museum’s curator, Rene Stein, and to many unnamed individuals who guided me in understanding the realm of intelligence. At the office: This would not have been possible without the support and guidance of my boss, Paul Nelson, whom I cannot thank enough. On the writing front, thank you to David Campagna, PhD, for taking the time to help structure my ideas. I am grateful to many other Nexen colleagues who made it a pleasure to balance work and research. Family and friends: Thank you to many supportive friends, family, and particularly my parents, Bill and Helen Robson, for their love and patience, supporting me and talking through my ideas to make them far better than I could on my own. iii Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Canada as a Producer of Intelligence .......................................................................................................... 7 Canada as a Consumer of Intelligence ...................................................................................................... 11 Canada’s International Trade in Intelligence ............................................................................................ 12 Chapter 1: Theoretical Foundations ..................................................................................................... 16 1.1 Definitions .......................................................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Intelligence Theory ............................................................................................................................. 18 1.2.1 Linking International Cooperation and Intelligence Sharing ....................................................... 24 1.2.2 Selecting targets: Intelligence collection on friendly states ......................................................... 27 1.2.3 Integrating Theories of Intelligence Sharing ................................................................................ 31 1.3 Contribution to the Literature.............................................................................................................. 34 Chapter 2: Origins of Canadian SIGINT and Intelligence Sharing .................................................... 37 2.1 Autonomous Canadian SIGINT: Historical Origins ............................................................................ 38 2.1.1 Canadian Postwar Intelligence Planning ...................................................................................... 44 2.1.2 Canadian Postwar Foreign Policy ................................................................................................ 52 2.1.3 SIGINT in the Context of Canadian Postwar Priorities ............................................................... 55 2.2 Intelligence-sharing: Canada’s relationships ....................................................................................... 57 2.2.1 The Alliance: UKUSA, or Five Eyes ........................................................................................... 57 2.2.2 Intelligence Sharing in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ................................................... 61 2.3 Intelligence Sharing: Middle Powers .................................................................................................. 62 2.4 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 3: Canadian SIGINT: Value, Relevance, and Applications .................................................. 68 3.1 Value to Strategic Partners .................................................................................................................. 69 3.1.1 Factors Enabling Canada to Add Value ....................................................................................... 69 3.1.2 Historical Contributions ............................................................................................................... 70 3.1.3 Present-Day Contributions ........................................................................................................... 77 3.1.4 Conclusions: Value of Canadian SIGINT to Intelligence-Sharing Partners ................................. 82 3.2 Value to Canada .................................................................................................................................. 83 3.3 SIGINT and Five Eyes Today ............................................................................................................. 87 3.3.1 Present-Day Five Eyes: Challenges and Resilience ..................................................................... 89 3.3.2 Value of SIGINT in diplomatic negotiations ............................................................................... 96 3.4 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................... 97 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 99 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 105 iv Introduction Canada is part of the world’s most powerful and long-lasting multilateral intelligence- sharing relationship: the Five Eyes.1 The five-state alliance, comprising the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, was founded around the sharing of signals intelligence (SIGINT), which Canada defines as “the interception and analysis of communications and other electronic signals.”2 Originally a means of intercepting radio signals, including radio and traffic sent by telegraph, SIGINT in 2015 encompasses all electronic communications and more traditional physical methods. The value of SIGINT to a country is straightforward; it opens a window into the communications of others, revealing adversaries’ plans and thereby supporting one’s ability to bolster national security. SIGINT has enjoyed an unexpected spotlight since 2013 due to the revelations of extensive programs by the Five Eyes collecting intelligence on private citizens, disclosed by National Security Agency (NSA)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Commonwealth's Call to Duty
    The Commonwealth’s Call to Duty Advancing modern Commonwealth defence connections by Tim Hewish Foreword by Rt Hon. Dr. Liam Fox MP /About Commonwealth Exchange/ /About Commonwealth Exchange/ Commonwealth Exchange (CX) is a newly established think tank that promotes the trading, educational, and strategic potential of the Commonwealth in the UK. It does so through the publication of research papers, the production of seminars, and the creation of introductory trade guides. Its chairman is Lord Howell, Commonwealth Minister 2010-12. It is also assisted by a cross-party advisory board and supported by a wide range of benefactors. Its latest report on Commonwealth immigration and visa in the UK received world wide media coverage and was supported by the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, who kindly wrote the foreword. /About the Author/ Tim Hewish is Executive Director and co-founder of CX. He was previously a researcher for a Conservative Member of Parliament. He has a master’s degree in Imperial and Commonwealth History from King’s College London. He is the author of: How to Solve a Problem like a Visa – the unhappy state of Commonwealth immigration in the UK. Tim is the also author of: Common-Trade, Common-Growth, Common-Wealth: An inquiry into the establishment of freer trade, growth, and prosperity across Britain and the Commonwealth. He was awarded third place in the Institute of Economic Affairs’ Brexit essay competition 2014. /Acknowledgements/ We would like to thank the Commonwealth Argosy Group for their considerable support towards our report and its launch without which it would not have been possible to produce.
    [Show full text]
  • FATF Meeting by Malik Muhammad Ashraf
    February 2020 COVID-19 Quality Shock To Globalization DOWNLOAD CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines www.thecsspoint.com Download CSS Notes Download CSS Books Download CSS Magazines Download CSS MCQs Download CSS Past Papers The CSS Point, Pakistan’s The Best Online FREE Web source for All CSS Aspirants. Email: [email protected] BUY CSS / PMS / NTS & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY ALL OVER PAKISTAN Visit Now: WWW.CSSBOOKS.NET For Oder & Inquiry Call/SMS/WhatsApp 0333 6042057 – 0726 540316 English Literature MCQs By Nawaz Khalid Emporium Publishers Order Now Call/SMS 03336042057 - 0726540141 Brush Up Your English By S T Imam Call/SMS 0726540141 - 03336042057 International law SK Kapoor & LN Tandon Call/SMS 0726540141 - 03336042057 February 2020 Table of Contents PAKISTAN 1. Standing With Kashmir | Editorial ................................................................................................... 9 2. President Erdogan’s Visit By Amna Ejaz Rafi .................................................................................. 12 3. Unpacking the Dramatic Upswing in Pak-US Ties By Bilal Lakhani ................................................ 14 4. Robust Safety: How Pakistan Secures Its Nukes By Zeeshan Ahmad ............................................ 16 5. Afghan Refugees | Editorial ........................................................................................................... 20 6. Unshakable Pak-Turkey Ties | Editorial ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Miles Cole/ the Economist
    Image: Miles Cole/ The Economist http://www.lemonde.fr /2017/04/04/ @srdjanvucetic The Conservative Party of Canada, August 2018: A resolution for realizing the following “among CANZUK countries”: • free trade in goods/services; • visa-free labour/leisure mobility for citizens, including retirement relocation; • a reciprocal healthcare agreement modelled on existing AU/NZ/UK bilaterals; • increased consumer choice/protection for travel; and • security coordination • Antigua & • Dominica * • Liberia • Sri Lanka * Barbuda • Fiji * • Malawi • Swaziland * • Australia* • Gambia,The • Malta * • Tanzania * • Bahamas (the) * • Ghana * • Mauritius • Trinidad and • Bangladesh * • Gibraltar • New Zealand * Tobago * • Barbados * • India * • Nigeria * • Uganda * • Belize * • Ireland • Pakistan • United Kingdom* • Bermuda • Jamaica * • Papua New Guinea * • United States • Philippines • Botswana* • Kenya * • Zambia * • Seychelles * • Brunei* • Lesotho * • Zimbabwe • Sierra Leone • Cameroon* • SouthAfrica * • Canada * • Cayman Islands * Commonwealth countries 30/09/2019 5 UKIP Manifesto 2015 ‘Britain is not merely a European country but part of a wider community, the Anglosphere. Beyond the EU and even the Commonwealth are a network of nations that share not merely our language but our common law, democratic traditions and global trading interests. From India to the United States, New Zealand to the Caribbean, UKIP would want to foster closer ties with the Anglosphere’ UKIP Manifesto 2015 ‘Britain is not merely a European country but part of a wider community,
    [Show full text]
  • Wake Forest Magazine Explores the Future
    WAKE FOREST’S NEW FRONTIER AT INNOVATION QUARTER / FATE OF THE AMAZON / FUTURE CITIZENS FALL 2016 THE MAGAZINE OF WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY 20 WAKE FOREST’S FEATURES NEW FRONTIER By Carol L. Hanner Photography by Ken Bennett At Innovation Quarter, the University is staking a claim in downtown Winston-Salem and expanding education beyond the bubble. 2 54 BREAKTHROUGHS THE FATE OF THE AMAZON By Kerry M. King (’85) By Kerry M. King (’85) From physics to philosophy, faculty A new research center in Peru aims to reduce gold- say the past informs the future for mining-related environmental degradation. their fields. 12 62 THE MAKING OF TIME CAPSULE FUTURE CITIZENS By Cherin C. Poovey (P ’08) By Maria Henson (’82) Books, photos, high-top Chucks, a Cook-Out cup There’s good news about politics: and a tambourine. Don’t open until 2116. Democracy Fellows remain engaged participants in the process. 70 18 GLOBAL MICROEXPERIENCES THE FUTURE OF By Dean Franco HIGHER EDUCATION At Mother, so dear, new students, curriculum and models Four questions for President Nathan for study abroad. One English professor describes his O. Hatch. class’ journey to Venice, a crossroads of Jewish culture. 10 0 46 CONSTANT & TRUE WORLD’S FAIR WITH By Jim O’Connell (’13) A WAKE FOREST FLAIR My mother’s name is Kathy, and my father’s name is By Kerry M. King (’85) Reproductive Sample No. 119. The students’ challenge? Plan the 2025 World’s Fair. DEPARTMENTS 76 | Around the Quad 79 | Remember When? 78 | Philanthropy 80 | Class Notes WAKEFOREST FROM theh PRESIDENT MAGAZINE with this edition, Wake Forest Magazine explores the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism, Ethics and Creative Synthesis in the Post-Capitalist Thriller
    The Post 9/11 Blues or: How the West Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Situational Morality - Terrorism, Ethics and Creative Synthesis in the Post-Capitalist Thriller Patrick John Lang BCA (Screen Production) (Honours) BA (Screen Studies) (Honours) Flinders University PhD Dissertation School of Humanities and Creative Arts (Screen and Media) Faculty of Education, Humanities & Law Date of Submission: April 2017 i Table of Contents Summary iii Declaration of Originality iv Acknowledgements v Chapter One: A Watershed Moment: Terror, subversion and Western ideologies in the first decade of the twenty-first century 1 Chapter Two: Post-9/11 entertainment culture, the spectre of terrorism and the problem of ‘tastefulness’ 18 A Return to Realism: Bourne, Bond and the reconfigured heroes of 21st century espionage cinema 18 Splinter cells, stealth action and “another one of those days”: Spies in the realm of the virtual 34 Spies, Lies and (digital) Videotape: 21st Century Espionage on the Small Screen 50 Chapter Three: Deconstructing the Grid: Bringing 24 and Spooks into focus 73 Jack at the Speed of Reality: 24, torture and the illusion of real time or: “Diplomacy: sometimes you just have to shoot someone in the kneecap” 73 MI5, not 9 to 5: Spooks, disorder, control and fighting terror on the streets of London or: “Oh, Foreign Office, get out the garlic...” 91 Chapter Four: “We can't say anymore, ‘this we do not do’”: Approaching creative synthesis through narrative and thematic considerations 108 Setting 108 Plot 110 Morality 111 Character 114 Cinematic aesthetics and the ‘culture of surveillance’ 116 The role of technology 119 Retrieving SIGINT Data - Documenting the Creative Artefact 122 ii The Section - Series Bible 125 The Section - Screenplays 175 Episode 1.1 - Pilot 175 Episode 1.2 - Blasphemous Rumours 239 Episode 1.9 - In a Silent Way 294 Bibliography 347 Filmography (including Television and Video Games) 361 iii Summary The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have come to signify a critical turning point in the geo-political realities of the Western world.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Challenges for Integrating Cyber Security in Next Generation Naval Networks
    DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR INTEGRATING CYBER SECURITY IN NEXT GENERATION NAVAL NETWORKS LCdr J.E. Rix JCSP 44 PCEMI 44 Exercise Solo Flight Exercice Solo Flight Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs do not represent Department of National Defence or et ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used Ministère de la Défense nationale ou des Forces without written permission. canadiennes. Ce papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2018. le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2018. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 44 – PCEMI 44 2017 – 2018 EXERCISE SOLO FLIGHT – EXERCICE SOLO FLIGHT DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR INTEGRATING CYBER SECURITY IN NEXT GENERATION NAVAL NETWORKS LCdr J.E. Rix “This paper was written by a student “La présente étude a été rédigée par un attending the Canadian Forces College stagiaire du Collège des Forces in fulfilment of one of the requirements canadiennes pour satisfaire à l'une des of the Course of Studies. The paper is a exigences du cours. L'étude est un scholastic document, and thus contains document qui se rapporte au cours et facts and opinions, which the author contient donc des faits et des opinions alone considered appropriate and que seul l'auteur considère appropriés et correct for the subject. It does not convenables au sujet. Elle ne reflète pas necessarily reflect the policy or the nécessairement la politique ou l'opinion opinion of any agency, including the d'un organisme quelconque, y compris le Government of Canada and the gouvernement du Canada et le ministère Canadian Department of National de la Défense nationale du Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernon Parker Oration How Naval Intelligence Might Better Serve the ADF Duty, Mateship and a Sense of Adventure
    ISSUE 134 DECEMBER 2009 Vernon Parker Oration How naval intelligence might better serve the ADF Duty, Mateship and a Sense of Adventure Mahan & Corbett: Lessons for the RAN’s Junior Officers Winning the battle - but how do we win the human resources war? The Offshore Combat Vessel: Future Flexibility Maritime Counter-Terrorism and the Evolution of the Sri Lanka Navy The Australians at Jutland Journal of the Issue 134 3 R 120200Z AUG 09 Contents FM CN AUSTRALIA SIC Z4P/EUL/WUE Reader Response 4 conduct of operations at sea SUBJ: RELEASE OF CDF COI Vernon Parker Oration 5 REPORT INTO LOSS OF HMAS today. secondly, command at SYDNEY II sea is extremely complex and How naval intelligence might better challenging, even more so 1. This morning the Minister during times of war. It can be an serve the ADF 12 of Defence, Senator Faulkner, unforgiving environment even released to the Australian at the best of times. Duty, Mateship and a Sense of people the report of the CDF 5. While the inquiry process Adventure –Comparison of Motivation Commission of inquiry into the has been able to determine a for Enlistment: First World War and loss of HMAS Sydney II and her variety of facts about Sydney’s Today 16 ships company in an engagement engagement with Kormoran, with the German Raider HSK we are still unable to know Mahan & Corbett: Lessons for the RAN’s Kormoran off Western Australia exactly what CAPT Burnett was Junior Officers 19 on 19 November 1941. thinking and why, due to the 2. The COI was conducted by passage of years and the loss of the Honourable Terence Cole, everyone on-board.
    [Show full text]
  • Subnet Relay Networking Technology Brochure
    SubNet Relay networking technology A CONTINUOUS COMMUNICATIONS FLOW ACROSS YOUR COALITION The first fully mobile, cross-platform, ad hoc IP network using legacy radio systems 2 NETWORKING IN A FAST-CHANGING BATTLESPACE In today’s sophisticated, multinational military environment, SUBNET RELAY: STRENGTH AND SIMPLICITY mission commanders are faced with the increasing need Developed for the navies of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, to provide a continuous flow of reliable, high-speed data the United Kingdom and the United States (AUSCANNZUKUS), communications to national and multinational forces. In Collins Aerospace’s SubNet Relay is the first truly masterless, fact, fleet commanders have identified effective coalition self-configuring data networking technology that works with communications as their primary C4I warfighting priority. currently fielded HF/VHF/UHF radios. Although in many instances, SATCOM has become the “go to” This breakthrough capability gives task commanders what they remote networking and communications delivery technology, need – a simple and cost-effective solution to providing reliable, it has its drawbacks, such as system complexity and “available mobile, ad hoc IP networking capabilities between a diverse airtime.” grouping of national or coalition ships. A SubNet Relay network can also include other types of platforms such as aircraft, ground In addition, relying too heavily on SATCOM may also create vehicles or fixed sites. communications breakdowns when enemy forces disable key satellites or during operations with coalition forces that do not This network is not only efficient and cost effective to use, it is have satellite capability. easy to install. Components are designed to easily integrate with your legacy or modern cryptographic and radio equipment to The bottom line is, while SATCOM does have its place in modern provide a variety of benefits, including: military operations, it is not the most viable way to meet mobile networking needs for today’s military forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative Security: NATO’S Partnership Policy in a Changing World
    DIIS REPORT Trine Flockhart (editor) Cooperative Security: NATO’s Partnership Policy in a Changing World DIIS Report 2014:01 DIIS REPORT DIIS . DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1 DIIS REPORT 2014:01 © Copenhagen 2014, the authors and DIIS Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Østbanegade 117, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Layout: Allan Lind Jørgensen Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi AS ISBN 978-87-7605-639-1 (print) ISBN 978-87-7605-640-7 (pdf ) Price: DKK 50.00 (VAT included) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk Hardcopies can be ordered at www.diis.dk Trine Flockhart, PhD, Senior Researcher, DIIS [email protected] 2 DIIS REPORT 2014:01 Contents Abbreviations 4 Contributors 7 Abstracts 10 Foreword NATO Secretary General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen 15 Introduction. Changing Partnerships in a Changing World Trine Flockhart 17 1. The Future of NATO’s Partnerships James Appathurai 35 2. Cooperative Security: A New Concept? Ole Wæver 47 3. The ‘Partnerfication’ of NATO: From Wall-building to Bridges-building? Magnus Christiansson 60 4. Partners, the Pivot, and Liberal Order Rebecca R. Moore 73 5. China and NATO: Room for Partnership? Mads Kjeldsen and Friis Arne Petersen 87 6. As good as it gets? Australia and NATO beyond Afghanistan Ben Schreer 99 7. Partnerships in the Middle East: Interventionist Endeavors? Jakob Aarøe Jørgensen 111 8. NATO’s Cooperation with the EU doesn’t work and it doesn’t really matter … yet! Thierry Legendre 121 9.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglosphere Beyond Security
    The Anglosphere beyond Security Srdjan Vucetic uOttawa, Canada UZH Zurich 27 Sept 2017 Image: The Economist 1995 27/09/2017 2 2004 27/09/2017 3 1949 “Whenever we want to subvert any place, we find the British own an island within an easy reach.” Frank Wisner to Kim Philby, 1952 “Ah, ‘the special relationship.’ It was a FBI director James Comey emerges from a Gulfstream G550 jet at Queenstown Airport April 23, 2017 2007: an OED word James C Bennett Robert Conquest Margaret Thatcher Andrew Roberts Rupert Murdoch Conrad Black John Howard Gordon Brown Manmohan Singh Tony Abbott Stephen Harper (etc.) An alt-EU? House of Common Library, “Leaving the EU” Research Paper 13/42 (2013), Section 4: “Alternatives to EU membership”: 1) the European Free Trade Area (EFTA), 2) the European Economic Area (EEA) 3) “the Swiss model” 4) the “Anglosphere” L’anglosphère, la planète des « brexiters heureux » http://www.lemonde.fr /2017/04/04/ My argument • Not ‘Angloonism’ • Co-constitution • Racial in origins Language/discourse, Institutions, Practices/habits Anglo-American Special Relationship “Whenever we want to subvert any place, we find the British own an island within an easy reach.” Frank Wisner to Kim Philby, 1952 The Five Eyes, a.k.a. “FVEY” (before and after Snowden) FBI director James Comey emerges from a Gulfstream G550 jet at Queenstown Airport April 23, 2017 BRUSA (1943) UKUSA (1946-8) Canada 1948, ANZUKs 1956 Canada 1948, ANZAC 1956 FVEY: not just sigint (Snowden) FBI director James Comey emerges from a Gulfstream G550 jet at Queenstown Airport
    [Show full text]
  • Building Resilient Supply Chains, Revitalizing American Manufacturing, and Fostering Broad-Based
    BUILDING RESILIENT SUPPLY CHAINS, REVITALIZING AMERICAN MANUFACTURING, AND FOSTERING BROAD-BASED GROWTH 100-Day Reviews under Executive Order 14017 June 2021 A Report by The White House Including Reviews by Department of Commerce Department of Energy Department of Defense Department of Health and Human Services BUILDING RESILIENT SUPPLY CHAINS, REVITALIZING AMERICAN MANUFACTURING, AND FOSTERING BROAD-BASED GROWTH June 2021 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY NOTE .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR E.O. 14017 100-DAY REVIEWS ........................................................................................... 6 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................................................... 12 REVIEW OF SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING AND ADVANCED PACKAGING - DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE .................................................................................................................................................................................. 21 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................. 22 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coalition Interoperability: an International Adventure
    Coalition Interoperability: An International Adventure by MAJOR DEAN S. MILLS, USAF ‘Interoperability - commonality of arms - is a hallmark of coalition warfare....’1 INTRODUCTION 1. To say there have been many rapid changes in the world political and military environment in the past decade is no earth-shattering statement. Increasing complexity and uncertainty make it more difficult for national leaders to know how to deal with threats. Military downsizing means, among other things, stretching capability wider, and possibly a bit thinner. One way to reinforce military capability is to fight in a coalition of forces from different nations, as seen in the 1991 Gulf War. But fighting in coalition comes at a cost, either during the war, or before the war. It does no good to fight together if systems, doctrine, and command of the individual forces are so different that all synergy is swallowed up during the war in battling the differences, not the enemy. To avoid this cost of inefficiency during the war, nations must ‘pay up front’ by planning and structuring to operate effectively together before the war. They must work to gain interoperability. 2. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the issues facing the United States and her allies (in this case, Australia) in their quests to recognize and successfully deal with interoperability challenges. Across the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war, interoperability has varying applications. This article will focus mainly on issues at the military strategic level, although certain examples and issues in the tactical and operational levels will emerge, as appropriate. It will also deal with interoperability as it pertains to the western military alliances in general, and to the United States and Australia in particular.
    [Show full text]