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United States Patent (19) (11 3,712,223 Degn (45) Jan United States Patent (19) (11 3,712,223 Degn (45) Jan. 23, 1973 (54) PYROTECHNIC, WHISTLE, AND 3,093,523 6, 1963 Besser ................................ 49/99 X METHOD OF MAKENG 3,103,458 9, 1963 Besser et al.... ... 149/99 X (76 Inventor: Ralph G. Degn, 214 A Universitya 3,309.2503,228,815 3/1967l/1966 FaltermanHenry et al.......... et al... ... 149799 49.42 X Village, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 3,396,060 8/1968 Piccone.................................. 149 fa2 22 Filed: Oct. 7, 1970 Primary Examiner-Stephen J. Lechert, Jr. (21) Appl. No.: 78,921 Attorney-H. Ross Workman 52 U.S. C. ........................ 102/31, 149/38, 149/39, 57) ABSTRACT 149/40, 149/41, 149142, 149/43, 14.9144 A pyrotechnic whistle and method of producing same (51 int. C. ............................................... CO6d 1100 which prevents a minimum danger of explosion 58 Field of Search ...... 102/3 l; 149/42, 44, 114, 85, formed of a tubular reaction chamber and a 149/38, 39, 40, 41, 43 pyrochemical mixture formed by mixing together a salt of salicylic acid and an oxidizing agent. Finely di 56 References Cited vided titanium is added to the pyrochemical mixture UNITED STATES PATENTS or to other pyrochemical mixtures formed of aromatic acids and oxidizing agents to provide a trail of glitter 3,033,715 5, 1962 Preckel............................... 149/99 X when the pyrochemical mixture reacts. 3,033,718 5f 1962 Preckel... ... 149/99 X 3,088,858 5/963 Camp................................. 149/99 X 10 Claims, No Drawings 3,712,223 1. 2 PYROTECHNEC, WHISTLE, AND METHOD OF very expensive. Moreover, the nature of the prior art MAKHNG whistles is such that there are practically no visually ob servable effects resulting from the reaction of the BACKGROUND pyrochemical compound. On the contrary, only a small 1. Field of the Invention yellow flame exists which is partially obscured by the The invention relates to pyrotechnic devices and, tube or reaction chamber. more particularly, to a novel pyrotechnic whistle which is remarkably safe to make and use and which provides BRIEF SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE sound as well as novel visual effects. INVENTION 2. The Prior Art 10 The present invention comprises a novel pyrotechnic Pyrotechnics is the art and science of creating and whistle comprising a pyrochemical mixture and an en utilizing the heat effects and products from exothermi tirely novel titanium component added to the cally reacting, predominantly solid mixtures or com pyrochemical mixture to provide a bright silver shower pounds when the reaction is generally non-explosive 5 of glitter upon reaction of the mixture. In addition, a and relatively slow, self-sustaining and self-contained. novel pyrochemical mixture is provided which is non Pyrotechnics is one of three closely related technolo explosive and highly safe during all stages of prepara gies, the other two including explosives and propel tion of a pyrotechnic whistle. lants. Pyrotechnics is nearly exclusively concerned with It is, therefore, a primary object of the present inven solid ingredients while explosives and propellants may 20 tion to provide a novel pyrotechnic device which is be solids or liquids. highly safe, relatively inexpensive and provides novel A pyrotechnic process differs from ordinary com visual and sound effects. bustion by not requiring the presence of ambient air, at it is another primary object of the present invention least not in a predominant and essential way. Once the to provide an improved method of producing pyrotechnic process is triggered by a small external 25 pyrotechnic whistles having combined visual and sound force, it may take its course in complete isolation from effects. external chemical influences. Except at the point of in These and other objects and features of the present itiation, pyrotechnic devices employ no moving parts invention will become more fully apparent from the fol or delicate components and perform equally well on lowing description and appended claims. land, in water, or in air. Most commonly, pyrotechnics 30 are used to provide light and sound effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED Pyrotechnic whistles are well-known in the art. It has EMBODIMENTS been found that when pyrochemical mixtures consist ing of crystals of certain acids of aromatic structure in In this specification, a pyrotechnic mixture is defined combination with oxidizer salts are placed in a hollow 35 to include a mixture of salts of gallic acid, benzoic acid, tube, a shrill whistling sound is produced when the acid 2, 4 dinitrophenol, picric acid and salicylic acid and an crystals and oxidizer salts react. The active substances oxidizer salt in such proportions as to create a most often used in the pyrochemical mixtures of prior pyrotechnic reaction. art whistles include gallic acid (3,4, 5 trihydroxybenzo I have found an improved pyrotechnic mixture which ic acid), the potassium salts of benzoic acid, and of 2, 4 40 utilizes a salt of salicylic acid as an active ingredient. dinitrophenol, and of picric acid (2, 4, 6 Salicylates are highly stable compounds and are not trinitrophenol). Common oxidizing agents are potassi considered hazardous at common temperatures. um chlorate, potassium perchlorate or potassium Moreover, salicylates can be easily obtained at low cost nitrate. from a wide variety of chemical supply houses in pow While the precise mechanism producing the shrill 45 dered or granular form. whistle is not known, it is currently believed that the Salicylate salts have proved to be highly effective as decomposition of aromatic acids through the oxidation an active agent in pyrotechnic whistles when mixed process progresses in an oscillating manner whereby with oxidizing agents, in the form of salts, and placed in the crystals react in a rhythmic fashion, the reaction ac a hollow tube. Although many common oxidizing celerating and stopping at generally uniform, closely 50 agents will react to some degree with salicylates, some spaced intervals. The rhythmic acceleration and stop oxidizing agents are far more effective than others to page of the reaction leads to an alternation of pressure create a whistle-producing rhythmic alternation of and rarefaction in the tube. The pressure oscillation pressure and rarefaction in a tube. The most effective develops a sound the pitch of which is dependent upon oxidizing agents discovered during my experimentation the length of the tube. It has been found that various 55 are potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate and compositions are capricious in their ability to produce barium chlorate. whistles and even products having identical chemical The whistling sound is produced effectively when a composition produced in the same batch but not reaction chamber which may be, for example, a paper pressed at the same time into tubes yield widely varying tube is used. Clearly, any suitable reaction chamber whistle pitches. 60 could be used. The tube must have a diameter which is It has been found that the most common pyrochemi sufficiently small to develop the resonance necessary to cal mixtures are extremely dangerous in that they are produce the whistle. Although tubes having a diameter explosive in nature. Unusual care must be taken to as large as three inches have been successfully used, prevent the mixtures from detonating while they are tubes having an inside diameter of less than 1 inch have being placed in the reaction chamber or tube. Further, 65 been used with far greater success. Also, I have found some of the compounds, for example gallic acid, have that the small diameter tubes should be convoluted or proved extremely difficult to obtain and, therefore, are parallel wound so as to have a comparatively smooth 3,712,223 3 4. moderate life, large brilliant sparks 24 mesh bore. Tubes that are spirally wound have proved less 80 mesh successful because, after ignition, the pyrotechnic reac short life, small brilliant sparks tion takes place all along the spiral seam of the tube EXAMPLE 3 thereby making the reaction non-uniform and defeat ing the ability of the reaction to develop a whistle. The procedure of Example 2 was followed except I have found also that the tube may be open at both that the weight/weight proportions of sodium sal ends, if desired. However, since ambient air is not es icylate, potassium perchlorate and titanium were sential to the reaction, the tube may have only one varied as set forth in Table 2, below. open end. TABLE II The novel invention herein disclosed is best un 10 Potassium Perchlorate Sodium Salicylate Titanium derstood by a description of the method of producing 1.7 0. improved pyrotechnic whistles in the manner set forth 1.7 0.2 1.7 0.3 in the following examples. .7 0.4 15 .7 0.5 EXAMPLE 1 2.0 0. 2.0 1 0.2 A pyrochemical mixture was produced by weighing 2.0 0.3 approximately 16 grains finely powdered sodium sal 2.0 1 0.4 2.0 1 0.5 icylate. Sodium salicylate is the sodium salt of 2.5 0. orthohydroxybenzoic acid (HOCHCOOH). The pow 20 2.5 l 0.2 2.5 0.3 dered sodium salicylate was mixed thoroughly with 2.5 1 0.4 about 8 grains of potassium perchlorate (KClO), an 2.5 1 0.5 oxidizing agent. The proportion (weight/weight) of sal icylate to perchlorate was on the order of about 2:1. It was found that the amount of titanium added A parallel wound Kraft paper tube having an inside 25 between the ranges of 0.1 and 0.5 proportional parts diameter of five-sixteenths inch and a length of 5 inches did not significantly affect the reaction of the salicylate was obtained. One end of the tube was placed over a and perchlorate.
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