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FSTC 381-5042, Handbook of Foreign Explosives

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FSTC 381-5042, Handbook of Foreign Explosives U. S. ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND FSIC 381-5042 HANDBOOK OF FOREIGN EXPLOSIVES U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center Munitions Building, Washington, D.C. 20315 FSTC 381-5CA-2 is published for the information and guidance of all concerned. Comments, and requests for additional copies, should he sent to the Commanding Officer, at the above address. A Category I Intelligence Document. This document was compiled and pro­ ducted by the U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center and is intended for rise within the U.S. Army Materiel Command. This document has not been approved by the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence and therefore does not necessarily represent agreed Depart­ ment of the Army intelligence. DESCRIPTORS Explosives: manufacturing, testing, use, characteristics, loading, com­ parison, strength power, brisance, composition; pyrotechnics; bursting charge; propelling charge; high-explosive ammunition. Project Eld 596 FSTC 381-5042 HANDBOOK OF FOREIGN EXPLOSIVES October 1965 (Based on information available as of June 1964) Prepared by Picatinny Arsenal Dover, New Jersey 07801 for ' U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center Munitions Building Washington, D. C . 20315 ABSTRACT (u) This Handbook of Foreign Explosives contains technical information and reference data on the chemical and physical character­ istics, known variations in nomenclature, and the application of explosive compounds to the various types of ammunition in use by selected countries. TABLE OF CONTENTS Dago Section I. INTRODUCTION ' Purpose _ ^ Scope ' ^ Summary • g Section II. GENERAL INDEX y Section III. COUNTRY INDEX . Belgium France • P q -^ Germany 2U3 Italy 3-17 Japan 360 Soviet Union 388 Spain 429 Sweden . Switzerland . 1,1ST OF TABLES ' Table . ' 1. Explosive Properties of Amatols 1^- 2. Commercial Blasting Ammonals 20 3- Military Ammonals of WW II 22 b ■ German Ammonites Used During WW II - 27 5 . European Ammonium Nitrate Dynamite 35 6 . Ammonium Nitrate Gelatins ' 36 7- US Ammonium Nitrate Dynamites 37 8 . German Astralites ^6 9• Chlorate Cheddites ' ' 6 2 10. Perchlorate Cheddites' 63 FSTC 381-5042 HANDBOOK OF FOREIGN EXPLOSIVES Section I. INTRODUCTION 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this handbook is to provide research and development personnel^ explosive ordnance disposal specialists; military personnel; and members of the intelligence community with a single source of technical information and data on explosives of selected foreign countries. 2. SCOPE ' a. Priority of coverage has been given to explosives of the U.S.S.R. and Western countries with the potential to develop and produce explosives. The handbook identifies explosives which were standard in World War II as well as those which may be in current use. The information in the handbook is intended solely for use as a reference and an identification guide and not as an assessment of the quality of the material or as a comparison with similar compositions of U.S. origin. b. This handbook is divided into a General Index and a Country Index. The General Index lists explosives in alphabetical order; it defines each explosive briefly and discusses at some length those common to several countries. In detailing characteristics; explosive power and other test results are expressed in relation to the power of an equal weight of TNT; thus, "Explosive E power equals 1-35" means that Explosive E is 1.35 times as powerful as TNT. When pertinent; the General Index gives the foreign nomenclature for explosives and makes specific reference to the Country Index for additional information on particular explosive compounds. c. The Country Index is arranged alphabetically by country. Under each country are the following: ■ (1) Introductory remarks about the explosives industry. (2) An alphabetical list of explosives, with information on . manufacture, composistion, and use. ■ (3 ) Resumes of unusual research'and development•in explosives. (4) A list of pertinent references. ’ 5 FSTC 381-5042 3. SUMMARY a. The explosives in general use by the Soviet Union and the free world are of either similar or well-known composition. b. Although a wide variety of explosive compositions is employed by different countries, essentially all utilize standard basic ingredients, such as ammonium nitrate, nitroglycerin, TNT, and tetryl. The nature and composition of the material are largely determined by its intended appli­ cation. The combination of ingredients, percent composition, and widely diversified nomenclature are found to be the main variants from country to country. The explosives vary from highly complex and efficient compounds to crude and relatively ineffective mixtures used in guerrilla and partisan operations. ' ' • c . Major foreign research and development efforts in the field of explosives are directed toward understanding the basic mechanism and theory of combustion and detonation, and the more - efficient combination and utili­ zation of known compounds. A breakthrough in understanding these fundamental processes would result in rapid advances in explosive technology. I 6 Section II. GENERAL INDEX A or AT A or AT Soviet abbreviation for Amatol. A-IX-2 (bursting charge) A Soviet high-explosive bursting charge for Projectiles. There is no corresponding US composition. See under Soviet Explosives. ABEL POWDER or PICRIC POWDER (booster charge) A British booster explosive charge. There is no corresponding US composition. The French used a similar composition called Brugere_Poudre. See under French Explosives. It ABONACHIT 2 or FULLPULVER Nr 57 (bursting charge) A German Ammonium Nitrate Explosive used as a bursting charge in Hand Grenades. There is no corresponding US composition. See Fullpulver Nr 57 under German. Explosives. ACEITE EXPLOSIVO Spanish for Nitroglycerin. See Nrtroglicerina under Spanish Explosives. ACIDA de PLOMO Spanish for Lead Azide. ACIDE PICRIQUE French for Picric Acid. , ACIDO d'ARGENTO ' Italian for Silver Azide. ACIDO di PIOMBO ■ ■ Italian for Lead Azide. iCJDO P1CRICO AC IDO PICRICO Italian for Picric Acid. AC IDO PICRICO. Spanish for Picric Acid. See Picrinita under Spanish Explosives. ACIDO STIFNICO or TRINITRORESORCINA Italian for Styphnic Acid. AFOCITE (blasting explosive) An Italian Ammonium Nitrate blasting explosive. There is no corresponding US composition. See under Italian Explosives. • . A(KO), Type A Explosive or OTSU-B (bursting charge) A Japanese burster charge. There is no corresponding US composition. This explosive is the same as that called Schiesswolle_18 or Code Names NTD2 & TSMV 1-101 by the Germans. See under German Explosives and under Japanese Explosives. ALBIT (blasting explosive) • A German blasting explosive. There is no corresponding US composition. See under German Explosives. ALETTE, (bursting charge) An Italian explosive filler for projectiles. There is no correspond­ ing US composition. See under Italian Explosives. ALDORFIT (permissible blasting explosive) A commercial explosive developed and manufactured in Switzerland but used extensively in Germany. , The composition is similar to AMMONITE (qv). See Aldorfit under German Explosives & under Swiss Explosives. ALGODON FULMINANTE i ALGODON FULMINANTE or ALGODON POLVORA Spanish for Guncotton. ALKALITE (permissible mining explosive) A commercial explosive developed and manufactured in Belgium. There is no corresponding US composition. See under Belgian Explosives. ALKALSIT (blasting explosive) A German Cheddite-type explosive developed before WW II. There is no corresponding US composition. See under German Explosives. ALMATRIT (blasting explosive) . Commercial explosives developed in the USSR. There are no corresponding US explosives. See under Soviet Explosives. ALSILITE (mining explosive) A Belgian commercial explosive developed and manufactured in Belgium. This composition contains the same ingredients as Ammonal. See under Belgian Explosives. • - ALUMATOL (military & blasting explosive) . A British explosive of the Ammonal type. There is no corresponding US explosive^but Ammonals contain the same ingredients. ALUMIT (military & blasting explosive) • • A Soviet explosive of the'Ammonal type. There is no corresponding US explosive but Ammonals contain the same ingredients. See under Soviet Explosives. ’ AMATEX (bomb filler) „ ' A British high-explosive bomb filler. There are no corresponding US explosives. A different composition by the same name is described under Spanish Explosives. See Amatex under Spanish Explosives. - 9 AMATOL AMATOL (bursting charge) a) Foreign Nomenclature: Britain: . Amatol France: Amatol & Explosif du type N n° 0 Germany: Amatol & Fullpulver (Fp) Italy: Amatolo Japan: Shbtoyaku Soviet Union: Amatol & A or AT Spain: Amatolo & Nitramita Espanola b) Origin: Invented in 1915 by the British as mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate and TNT. in order t'o extend the available supply of TNT which was very scarce at that time. c) Identifying Features: • - ' Color is white to light buff. But due to the presence of impurities or exposure to light and moisture, it darkens to a dark brown color. It can be distinguished by its grainy, brown sugar appearance. d) Chemical Composition: Amatols are mechanical mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate 80 to 407o & TNT 20 to 607». The most common composition contains these ingredients in 50/50 proportions. Other compositions contain Ammonium Nitrate and TNT in 80/20, 60/40, 45/55 and 40/60 ratios. The first figure repre­ sents the Ammonium Nitrate content in all compositions. e) Physical Properties: Amatols, except 80/20 mixtures, can
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