Making Plastic Explosives from Bleach by the Jolly Roger Potassium
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From a Technical Standpoint, What Is Firework Flash Powder?
This article originally appeared in Fireworks Business, No. 246, 2004. From a Technical Standpoint, What Is Firework Flash Powder? K. L. Kosanke and L. Weinman perature attainable in pyrotechnic reactions, only Introduction solids and liquids incandesce, gases do not. As a In a recently published article on the regulatory practical matter, metal oxides are the only pyro- definitions of firework flash powder[1] it was con- technic reaction products that are not gaseous at cluded that none of those definitions provided suf- high temperature. Thus metal fuels need to be pre- ficient information to objectively establish wheth- sent in substantial quantity in flash powders. See er or not a pyrotechnic composition is a flash Table 1, which is a list of the boiling point of powder. That is to say, those definitions are all some of the pyrotechnic reaction products. The subjective to the extent that they depend on the table has somewhat arbitrarily been divided into intended use of the composition and none provide species with boiling points above and below a quantifiable measure that can be used to deter- 2500 °C. Note that the oxides of zirconium, mag- mine whether a particular pyrotechnic composi- nesium, aluminum and titanium top the list. tion is a flash powder. The purpose of the present article is to suggest a general approach that might Table 1. Boiling Point of Some Pyrotechnic be used as the basis for producing a quantitative [2] definition of flash powder. Reaction Products. The reason such an objectively quantifiable Reaction Product Boiling Point (°C) definition is needed is that – from both a regulato- ZrO2 ≈ 5000 ry and safety standpoint – flash powders are treat- MgO 3600 ed differently than other pyrotechnic composi- Al2O3 2980 tions. -
ENCYCLOPEDIA of CHEMISTRY & EXPLOSIVES MATERIALS Abelite
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMISTRY & EXPLOSIVES MATERIALS A Abelite An explosive, composed mainly of ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene. Absolute Zero The least possible temperature for all substances. Generally accepted as -273.15ÝC AC Alternating current. Acceptance Quality Level (AQL) A nominal value expressed in terms of percentage defective per hundred units, by which a group of sampling plans is identified. The sampling plans so identified have a high probability of accepting lots containing material with a process average not greater than the designed value of the AQL. Acetin [CH3COOC3H5(OH)2] also known as glyceryl monoacetate, a colourless hydroscopic liquid. Used as an intermediate for various explosives, and a solvent for various dyes. Acetone [CH3COCH3] colourless, flammable liquid. Acetone is widely used in industry as a solvent for many organic substances. It is used in making synthetic Resins and fillers, smokeless powders, and many other organic compounds. Boiling Point 56ÝC. Useful solvent for acetylene, also known as the simplest saturated ketone. Acetylene or ethyne, a colourless gas and the simplest alkyne Hydrocarbon. Explosive on contact with air, it is stored dissolved under pressure in Acetone. It is used to make neoprene rubber, plastics, and resins. The oxyacetylene torch mixes and burns oxygen and acetylene to produce a very hot flame-as high as 3480ÝC (6300ÝF)-that can cut steel and weld iron and other metals. Produced by the action of wateron calcium carbide and catalytically from naphtha. Acetylide A carbide formed by bubbling acetylene through a metallic salt solution, eg cuprous acetylide, Cu2C2. These are violently explosive compounds. Acid Any substance capable of giving up a proton; a substance that ionizes in solution to give the positive ion of the solvent; a solution with a pH measurement less than 7. -
Black Match” …………………………………………… P
Selected Pyrotechnic Publications of K.L. and B.J. Kosanke Part 5 (1998 through 2000) This book contains 134 pages Development of a Video Spectrometer …………………………………………… P. 435-445. Measurements of Glitter Flash Delay, Size and Duration ……………………… P. 446-449. Lift Charge Loss for a Shell to Remain in Mortar ……………………………… P. 450-450. Configuration and “Over-Load” Studies of Concussion Mortars ……………… P. 451-463. Quick Match – A Review and Study ……………………………………………… P. 464-479. Pyrotechnic Primes and Priming ………………………………………………… P. 480-495. Dud Shell Risk Assessment: NFPA Distances …………………………………… P. 496-499. Dud Shell Risk Assessment: Mortar Placement ………………………………… P. 500-503. Performance Study of Civil War Vintage Black Powder ……………………… P. 504-509. CAUTION: Very Fast “Black Match” …………………………………………… P. 510-512. Peak In-Mortar Aerial Shell Accelerations ……………………………………… P. 513-516. Firing Precision for Choreographed Displays …………………………………… P. 517-518. Sticky Match and Quick Match: Temperature Dependent Burn Times ……… P. 519-523. Mortar Separations in Troughs and Drums …………………………………… P. 524-530. Preliminary Study of the Effect of Ignition Stimulus on Aerial Shell Lift Performance …………………………………………………… P. 531-535. Pyrotechnic Particle Morphologies – Metal Fuels ……………………………… P. 536-542. Peak Mortar Pressures When Firing Spherical Aerial Shells …………………… P. 543-544. Indoor Pyrotechnic Electrostatic Discharge Hazard …………………………… P. 545-545. Pyrotechnic Particle Morphology – Low Melting Point Oxidizers ……………… P. 546-556. An earlier version -
PHD-12-MCATEER (2).Pdf
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY Daniel McAteer The Development of Novel, Low Sensitivity, Gas-generating Formulations for Hotwire Ignited Devices Department of Engineering and Applied Science PhD Academic Year: 2012 - 2013 Supervisors: Professor J Akhavan & Dr A Contini April 2013 CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY DEAS PhD Academic Year 2012 - 2013 Daniel McAteer The Development of Novel, Low Sensitivity, Gas-generating Formulations for Hotwire Ignited Devices Supervisors: Professor J Akhavan & Dr A Contini April 2013 © Cranfield University 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner. Abstract A novel, low sensitivity, gas-generating composition was developed to replace an existing primary explosive, potassium picrate, for use in a generic squib device. The novel composition was based on energetic materials researched from the open literature. The chosen materials were synthesised or purchased and combined in order to produce formulations which would reproducibly ignite when contacted with a hotwire. The formulations were assessed for their chemical compatibility and homogeneity by small-scale hazard testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The compositions were test fired within squibs coupled to a pressure bomb and the pressure generation and rise time was measured using a piezoelectric gauge. Keywords: Squib, Bridgewire, Electroexplosive Device, Igniter i Acknowledgements I was able to pursue this PhD thanks to the support and encouragement provided by my parents, without them I would not have made it this far. A courtesy note is included for my brother and sisters who, although thoroughly uninterested in my research, were present throughout my studies and offered support of a sort. -
M-80 (Explosive) - Wikipedia,Visited the Free Encyclopediaon 8/14/2015 Page 1 of 4
M-80 (explosive) - Wikipedia,visited the free encyclopediaon 8/14/2015 Page 1 of 4 M-80 (explosive) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see M80. M-80s are an American class of large firecrackers, sometimes called SALUTES.[1] The Simulator, Artillery, M-80 was originally made in the early 20th century by the U.S. military to simulate explosives or artillery fire;[2] later, M-80s were manufactured as fireworks. Traditionally, M-80s were made from a small cardboard 1 tube, often red, approximately 1 ⁄2 inches (3.8 cm) long 9 and ⁄16 inch (1.4 cm) inside diameter, with a fuse or wick coming out of the side; this type fuse is commonly known as cannon fuse or Visco fuse, after a company responsible for standardizing the product. The tubes M-80 Salute (BOOTLEG) often hold approximately 2½–3 grams of pyrotechnic flash powder; many sources state that an M-80 carries 3 grams of powder.[3] Contents ◾ 1 Legality ◾ 1.1 Canada ◾ 1.2 United States ◾ 2 Accidents ◾ 3 References ◾ 4 Further reading Legality Canada https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-80_(explosive) 8/14/2015 M-80 (explosive) - Wikipedia,visited the free encyclopediaon 8/14/2015 Page 2 of 4 M-80s are not authorized under the law, thus making importation, possession, transportation, storage or manufacturing illegal in Canada.[4] Firecrackers, including the M-80, can be purchased from Native Reserves in Canada, as they have different governing laws. United States Due to property damages and bodily harm caused by M-80s, Class C fireworks—now known as consumer fireworks (class 1.4G), as opposed to display fireworks (which were Class B, and are now 1.3G)[5]— civilians require a license, issued by federal authorities, for pyrotechnic devices containing a charge in excess of 50 milligrams of pyrotechnic flash powder. -
2013 Fireworks Safety Standards Development Status Report
FIREWORKS SAFETY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FY 2013 STATUS REPORT October 2013 For further information contact: Dr. Christopher J. Musto, Project Manager Directorate for Laboratory Sciences U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (301) 987-2090 [email protected] Dr. Andrew Lock Directorate for Laboratory Sciences U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (301) 987-2099 [email protected] This report was prepared by the CPSC staff, has not been reviewed or approved by, and may not necessarily reflect the views of, the Commission. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, the Commission) is evaluating the need to amend its regulations for fireworks devices. CPSC staff evaluated issues concerning the explosive power of aerial fireworks. Aerial fireworks devices intended to produce an audible effect are limited to 130 mg (2 grains) of pyrotechnic composition, according to 16 C.F.R. § 1500.17(a)(3). Because the regulation only limits the amount of pyrotechnic composition for devices intended to produce an audible effect, compliance determinations can be made only after a subjective determination of intent to produce an audible effect. In 2012, staff conducted testing to evaluate two different approaches to replacing the regulation limiting pyrotechnic composition of devices intended to produce an audible effect; staff considered potential alternative regulations, based on the explosive power of fireworks devices. The American Fireworks Standards Laboratory (AFSL) had previously developed a “Black Powder Equivalency Test.” CPSC staff investigated and found that this test can distinguish between the energetics of black powder, hybrid powders, and flash powder, but the test does not consider the particular construction of a shell. -
Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory Division Materials
Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory Division Materials Analysis EXPLOSIVES TRAINING MANUAL May 2018 Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory Division Explosives Laboratory Training Manual Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE TRAINING MANUAL ................................................................................ 7 2 EXPLOSIVES ANALYSIS OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 9 2.1 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 SUGGESTED READINGS ............................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.3.2 Scene .................................................................................................................................. -
System Documentation
TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA DELIVERY SYSTEM TRI-DDS 2001 System Documentation Prepared for: DoD EPCRA TRI Working Group Prepared by: URS Corporation 1093 Commerce Park Drive, Suite 100 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Doc #F9906181.MW97 April 2002 Please Note: The following distribution restriction applies only to the TRI-DDS Software. It does not apply to this document. Distribution authorized to the Department of Defense and U.S. DoD contractors only to protect technical or operational data or information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means (effective 7 February 2002). Other requests shall be referred to the Deputy Undersecretary of Defense, Installation and Environment [DUSD(I&E)]. WARNING - This document contains technical data whose export is restricted by the Arms Export Control Act (Title 22, U.S.C., Sec 2751, et seq.) or the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, Title 50, U.S.C., App. 2401 et seq. Violations of these export laws are subject to severe criminal penalties. Disseminate in accordance with provisions of DoD Directive 5230.25. Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. Table of Contents List of Tables.........................................................................................................................v Chapter 1 OVERVIEW ...........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................1-3 -
Part II EXPLOSIVES INCIDENTS ANALYSIS
If you have issues viewing or .accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. lIP :. I , . •• , .. I , It • ~ • -. I .. • r • -. I , I "$: .; ~.. ,~--.~.~. " I I I I ,.. .~;- ""', ....... ~~-, ~,-- - --------~- .. ". ---------------- Cover: Top Photo: The results of an explosive device that detonated beneath the vehicle as it was traveling through the Kansas City, Missouri, area. The detonation ldlled the driver and severely injured the driver's wife. (Photo .courtesy of Dan Dyer, the News Leader Newspaper.) Bottom Photo: The scene of an explosion in Duncanville, Alabama, that killed the two occupants of the trailer. 12608.1 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated In this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this "'IJIi". material has been granted by U.S. Dept. of Treasury/Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis sion of the ~ owner. Dedication This year we have seen a significant increase in the number of injuries sustained by our State and local counterparts in the law enforcement and fire service communities. The dangers inherent to their line of work are a given; however, the ever-changing environment in which they work has increased these dangers. Booby-trapped drug operations and illicit explosives manufac turing operations are but a few of the criminal activities that present such dangers, not only to them but to the public as well. -
WO 201 1/056841 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number ι (43) International Publication Date ¾ ί t 12 May 2011 (12.05.2011) WO 201 1/056841 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07C 213/02 (2006.01) C07D 271/12 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US2010/055248 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 3 November 2010 (03.1 1.2010) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/257,721 3 November 2009 (03.1 1.2009) U S (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): PACIF¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, IC SCIENTIFIC ENERGETIC MATERIALS COM¬ ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, PANY [US/US]; 7073 W . -
United States Patents on Powder Metallurgy
UNITED STATES PATENTS ON POWDER METALLURGY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE W. AVERELL HARRIMAN, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS E. U. CONDON, Director NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION M184 UNITED STATES PATENTS ON POWDER METALLURGY By RAYMOND E. JAGER and ROLLA E. POLLARD Issued July 1 , 1947 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1947 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents PREFACE Patents are disclosures of inventions, in return for which the inventor is given the right to exclude all others from making, using, or selling his invention for the term of 17 years. After this period the invention becomes public property. Patent literature is a valuable source of technical information, for, by these disclosures, the de- velopment of an art may be traced through a long period of time. This publication, based on a collection search of United States patents of the present series, which began in 1836, represents more than a century of progress in the art of powder metallurgy. Patents issued up to January 1, 1947, are included. The collection search was made for the National Bureau of Standards by Invention, Inc., under the direction of Raymond E. Jager, president: R. E Pollard, metallurgist, of the Bureau's staff, edited the abstracts, eliminating those not pertinent to powder metallurgy, and revised the classification. E. U. Condon, Director. n CONTENTS Page. Preface II I. Introduction 1 II. Production of metal powders 1 2 1. Atomization, vaporization, spraying molten metal, or physically contacting it with other fluids, to obtain fine particles 2 2. -
Ammunition) to Manual Small Arms 2.1
Chapter 2 THEORETICAL AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF CRIMINALISTIC RESEARCH OF CARTRIDGES (AMMUNITION) TO MANUAL SMALL ARMS 2.1. Cartridges (ammunition) as objects criminalistic research (concept, essence, classification) Currently, one of the unresolved problems of assessing the conclu- sion of forensic ballistic examination is the use in its content of terms and their definitions that do not meet modern scientific ideas about the objects under study. This applies to both legislative acts and normative legal acts regulating the conduct of relevant examinations, in particular the study of cartridges (ammunition) used for shooting from small arms, traces of their use. However, the accuracy and unambiguity of terminol- ogy used in forensic ballistic examination of cartridges (ammunition) are important to ensure its uniform understanding and use in both foren- sic and law enforcement activities. It is no coincidence that the literature emphasizes that one of the main elements of the concept of the General theory of forensic examina- tion is the doctrine of the means and forms of communicative activity in the production of forensic examinations; the Central part of this element is the language of the expert, the system of expert concepts and terms designating them. The development and improvement of the General theory of forensic examination largely depend on the development and improvement of its conceptual apparatus, in-depth disclosure of the es- sence of objects, phenomena reflected in each concept [3, p. 103]. R. S. Belkin notes that the introduction of new terms and their definitions into forensic examination as a specific sphere of scientific knowledge is carried out by expanding the existing basis of theoretical provisions and empirical data [36, p.