TSWELOPELE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
2016/2017
CONTENTS
1. BACKGROUND 1 1.1 WHAT IS THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK? 1 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE SDF 2 1.3 LINK BETWEEN THE SDF AND THE IDP 2 1.4 MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES ACT, 1998 (ACT 117 OF 1998) 3 1.5 MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT (MSA), ACT NO.32 OF 2000 3
2. GOVERNANCE AND LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATIONS 4 2.1 NATIONAL POLICY 4 2.1.1 Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA), Act 16 Of 2013 5 2.1.2 Aims and Objectives of SPLUMA regarding SDFS 5 2.1.3 Integrated Urban Development Framework (IUDF) 7 2.1.4 Regional Industrial Development Strategy (RIDS) 10 2.1.5 Comprehensive Rural Development Program (2006) (CRDP) 11 2.2 PROVINCIAL POLICY 13 2.2.1 Free State Provincial Growth Development Strategy 13 2.3 DISTRICT POLICY 15 2.3.1 Lejweleputswa District Spatial Development Framework (LDSDF) 2015/16 15 2.4 MUNICIPAL POLICY 16 2.4.1 Draft IDP 2016/2017 16 2.4.2 Tswelopele Local Municipality: Municipal Land Use Planning By-laws 16 2.5.3 Tswelopele Local Municipality: Municipal Planning Tribunal 17
3. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE MUNICIPALITY 18 3.1 LOCATION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 18 3.1.1 Tswelopele 18 3.1.2 Bultfontein/Phahameng 18 3.1.3 Hoopstad/Tikwana 18
4. URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND HIERARCHY 21 4.1 HIERARCHY AND ROLE OF THE SETTLEMENTS 21 4.1.1 Hoopstad 21 4.1.2 Bultfontein 22
4.2 TRANSPORTATION 24 4.2.1 Major Road and Rail Routes 24 4.3 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 26 4.3.1 Agricultural Water Supply 26 4.3.2 Urban Water Supplies 26 4.4 WASTE WATER TREATMENT (SANITATION) 27 4.5 LANDFILL 27 4.6 ENERGY 27 4.7 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 28 4.8 HOUSING 28 4.9 LAND OWNERSHIP 31 4.10 VACANT LAND 34 4.11 TOURISM 34
5. BIO-PHYSICAL 42 5.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND CATCHMENT LOCATION 42 5.2 CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTIONS 42 5.3 AIR QUALITY 43 5.4 LAND COVER AND LAND USE 43 5.5 LAND CAPABILITY 43 5.6 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION STATUS 43 5.7 CONDITION OF RIVERS WITHIN TSWELOPELE (SANBI, 2011A) 44 5.8 CONDITION OF WETLANDS WITHIN TSWELOPELE (SANBI, 2011B) 44 5.9 TEMPERATURE 45 5.10 RAINFALL 45 5.11 WIND 45 5.12 WATER RESOURCES (HYDROLOGY) 46 5.13 CONSERVATION AND HERITAGE 49 5.14 CONSERVATION 50 5.15 HERITAGE SITES 50 5.16 AGRICULTURE 52 5.17 BUILDING MATERIALS AND MINING 52
6. ABUTTING LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES 55 6.1 TOKOLOGO LOCAL MUNICIPAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55 6.2 NALA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55
6.3 MASILONYANA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55 6.4 MATJHABENG SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55
7. DEMOGRAPHICS 58 7.1 POPULATION 58 7.2 AGE AND GENDER DISTRIBUTION 59 7.3 POPULATION GROWTH AND MIGRATION 59 7.3.1 Growth rate 59 7.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC 60 7.4.1 Employment Status 60 7.4.2 Main Economic Sectors 61 7.4.3 Manufacturing 61 7.4.4 Economic Contribution 62 7.5 SOCIAL SERVICES 62 7.5.1 Education Profile 62 7.5.2 Health facilities 64
8. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS BY SECTOR DEPARTMENTS 66
9. THE PROPOSED SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 72 9.1 BULTFONTEIN/PHAHAMENG 72 9.2 HOOPSTAD/TIKWANA 73
Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
1. BACKGROUND
1.1 WHAT IS THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK?
The spatial management of growth in urban and rural environments due to rapid urbanisation rates and the subsequent impact on resources was previously done through the Guide Plans and Structure plans. These took the form of rather inflexible master plans which were underpinned by the principles of discrimination and separate development.
The new democratic government, post 1994, adopted a new system of spatial planning described in principle in the Development Facilitation Act and Municipal Systems Act. This new system had two components to it. The first was an indicative plan or Spatial Development Framework (SDF) that was intended to show desired patterns of land use, directions for future growth, indicate the alignment of Urban Edges, and depict other special development areas.
The impact of SDFs is limited to providing policy to guide and informing land development and management. They do not change or confer real rights on land.
The second component is the Land Use Management System (LUMS). This is similar to a town planning or zoning scheme. In many instances where they haven’t been replaced or repealed these still take the place of LUMS. In contrast to SDF’s LUMS have a binding effect on the development rights attributed to land and confer real rights on properties.
Because development in Municipalities is dynamic and responds to changing socio-economic and environmental circumstances, it is impossible to predict the exact requirements of development rights in every instance, therefore, LUMS may be amended from time to time to take into account these changing circumstances. This is normally achieved through the processing of rezonings, subdivisions and removal of title deed restrictions applications. It is in these instances where SDF’s play an important role in guiding appropriate future change and helping to guide motivations as to the need and desirability, or not, of proposed land use changes.
Within the limitations of a SDF as laid down by the Local Government Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000) i.e. that it should be a guiding and informing document and does not confer real rights on land, it is intended that the SDF should be a binding document endorsed by the Municipal Council. Without this endorsement it will be difficult for the recommendations to have any meaningful impact on future development patterns.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE SDF
The main purpose of the SDF is to guide the form and location of future physical development within a municipal area in order to address the imbalances of the past. The urban environments of South Africa are characterized by unsustainable urban forms, which have been shaped by Apartheid planning that was integrally linked to blueprint or “master” planning.
Government realized that these inequalities needed to be addressed and adopted a new system of spatial planning. The new system requires every municipality to have an indicative plan (SDF) showing desired patterns of land use, directions of growth, may delineate urban edges, indicate special development areas and conservation-worthy areas as well as a scheme (Land Use Management System) recording the land use and development rights and restrictions applicable to each erf in the municipality. The former has a legal effect of guiding and informing land development and management and the latter has a binding effect on land development and management.
1.3 LINK BETWEEN THE SDF AND THE IDP
The Spatial Development Framework is not an isolated document that guides development within a Munipality however it is aligned with the Integrated Development Plan and the Budget of a munipality. The integrated development plan phases its projects and dynamics of Municipal planning and compliance on an annual basis whereby the Spatial Development Framework is 5year spatial planning that guides and the planning, growth and development therefore the Spatial Development framework becomes the spatial vision and representation of the Integrated Development Framework.
Tswelopele Local Municipality’s Integrated Development Plan is also aligned with relevant sector plan / frameworkds that deals holistically with the development and infrastructure pattern that are linked with the annual budget as well as development project of the Municipality. It is crucial that the the Integrated Development Plan and the Spatial Development Framework be aligned not only with the development of the Municipality but also with the strategic document of the district, Provincial and National government in order to impact meaningfully on future and planned development patterns. NATIONAL SDP
FREE STATE SDF 1
MOTHEO LEJWELEPUTSWA XHARIEP
2 DISTRICT SDF DISTRICT SDF DISTRICT SDF
MASILONYANA TSWELOPELE TOKOLOGO 3 detail of level Increasing SDF MUNICIPAL SDF SDF
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 1.4 MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES ACT, 1998 (ACT 117 OF 1998)
A municipality has the functions and powers assigned to it in terms of Sections 156 and 229of the Constitution. The Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (MSTA) assigns and divides powersand functions to and between district and local municipalities.Section 83(3) of the MSTA requires that district municipalities “… must seek to achieve integrated, sustainable and equitable social and economic development of its area …” by ensuring integrated development planning for the entire district.Section 84(1) of the MSTA assigns powers and functions to district municipalities thatinclude, inter alia:
Integrated development planning for the district municipality as a whole, including a framework for integrated development plans for the local municipalities within the area of the district municipality, taking into account the integrated development plans of those local municipalities; Bulk supply of water, sewerage, electricity and solid waste disposal; Municipal roads that form an integral part of a road transport system for the area of the district municipality as a whole; The establishment, conduct and control of cemeteries and crematoria serving the district as a whole; Promotion of local tourism for the area of the district municipality;
The aforementioned powers and the exercise of such powers by the District Municipality, have an impact on the spatial development pattern of the district municipal area as a whole, as well as the spatial development pattern of local municipal areas within the district municipal area. It is therefore essential that horizontal (between local municipalities) and vertical alignment (between the district municipality and the local municipalities) occur during the drafting of Spatial Development Framework Plans for municipalities.
1.5 MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT (MSA), ACT NO.32 OF 2000
The Local Government Municipal Systems Act (MSA), 32 of 2000, introduced the concept of the Municipal Spatial Development Framework (MSDF) as a compulsory component of the integrated development plan (IDP) that every municipality has to adopt. The provisions of the MSA that deal with MSDFs have to be read closely with the relevant provisions, ofPart EinSPLUMA. While the MSA establishes the core features of the MSDF, SPLUMA adds detailed provisions which these guidelines cover. Two elements of the MSA’s treatment of MSDFs should be noted: • Chapter 5 of the Act deals with integrated development planning and provides the legislative framework for the compilation and adoption of IDPs by municipalities. Within the Chapter, Section 26(e) requires an SDF as a mandatory component of the municipal IDP. The rest of the chapter’s provisions on IDPs also apply to SDFs. • In 2001 the Minister for Provincial and Local Government issued the Local Government: Municipal Planning and Performance Management Regulations. Within these regulations Regulation 2(4) prescribes the minimum requirements for a municipal SDF.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 2. GOVERNANCE AND LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATIONS
There are a number of Acts, policies and guidelines to be considered in the preparation of the SDF. The following section spells out some of the important documents in this regard.
2.1 NATIONAL POLICY
Relevant Act or Policy Applicable Sections Comments The Constitution of SA 1996 Chapter 6 Salient principles for development. National Development Plan All, but especially Objectivising the principles and providing a 2030: Our Future - Make it Chapters 5,6 and 8 broad strategic thrust for our approach to Work development. Local Government Municipal Chapter 5, with focus on This Act guides local government systems in Systems Act (32/2000) Section 26(e); Regulation general and the Integrated Development 2(4) Planning process in particular. Spatial Planning and Land Use Sections 7, 8, 12, 20 and Provides principles for sustainable Management Act (16/2013) 21 development. National Strategy for All, but especially A frame of reference for business unusual, but Sustainable Development- chapters 3 and 4 also giving clarity on some Sustainable Action Plan 1 (2011) Development objectives. Green Economy Accord (2011) Commitments 2, 4, 5, 6 Specific action plans committing all role- and 11 players to green initiatives roll-out, leading to the diversification of local economies. National Spatial Development Principle 5 Strategy to counter the spatial manifestations Perspective (2006) of apartheid planning National Environmental Chapter 1 and Section Base principles on how we nurture nature – Management Act (107/1998) 16(4)(b) mandatory. National Water Act (36/1998) Chapters 3, 4, 5, 13, and Provides for the sustainable use of our water 14 resources. NEM Protected Areas Act Mainly chapter 4 Provides for the conservation of ecologically (57/2003) viable areas (reserves) National Heritage Resources Mainly chapter 2 Provides for the conservation of heritage Act (25/1999) resources. Subdivision of Agricultural Applicable outside of towns, on farm land. Land Act (70/1970) Conservation of Agricultural Sections 5, 6, 7, 12 and Provides for the control over the utilisation of resources Act (43/1983) 29 natural agricultural resources. NEM Biodiversity Act Chapter 3 To provide for the sustainable use of our (10/2004) natural capital Table 1: List of National Legislation
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 2.1.1 Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA), Act 16 Of 2013
The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 2013 provides national, provincial andmunicipal spatial development frameworks, sets basic principles that guide spatial planning, land use management and land development in South Africa, and provides foruniform regulation of land use management in the country.
SPLUMA seeks to promote consistency and uniformity in procedures and decision-making. Other objectives include addressing historical spatial imbalances and the integration of the principles of sustainable development into land use and planning regulatory tools and legislative instruments
2.1.2 Aims and Objectives of SPLUMA regarding SDFS
Section 12 (1) sets out general provisions which are applicable to the preparation of all scales of SDFs. These provisions require that all SDFs must: a) interpret and represent the spatial development vision of the responsible sphere of government and competent authority; b) be informed by a long-term spatial development vision; c) represent the integration and trade-off of all relevant sector policies and plans; d) guide planning and development decisions across all sectors of government; e) guide a provincial department or municipality in taking any decision or exercising any discretion in terms of this Act or any other law relating to spatial planning and land use management systems; f) contribute to a coherent, planned approach to spatial development in the national, provincial and municipal spheres; g) provide clear and accessible information to the public and private sector and provide direction for investment purposes; h) include previously disadvantaged areas, areas under traditional leadership, rural areas, informal settlements, slums and land holdings of state owned enterprises and government agencies and address their inclusion and integration into the spatial, economic, social and environmental objectives of the relevant sphere; i) address historical spatial imbalances in development; j) identify the long-term risks of particular spatial patterns of growth and development and the policies and strategies necessary to mitigate those risks; k) provide direction for strategic developments, infrastructure investment, promote efficient, sustainable and planned investments by all sectors and indicate priority areas for investment in land development; l) promote a rational and predictable land development environment to create trust and stimulate investment; m) take cognizance of any environmental management instrument adopted by the relevant environmental management authority;
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 n) give effect to national legislation and policies on mineral resources and sustainable utilisation and protection of agricultural resources; and o) consider and, where necessary, incorporate the outcomes of substantial public engagement, including direct participation in the process through public meetings, public exhibitions, public debates and discourses in the media and any other forum or mechanisms that promote such direct involvement.
The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 2013 (SPLUMA) in (Section 20 (2)) require that local authorities prepare and adopt spatial development frameworks as part of their integrated development plans in accordance with the provisions of the Municipal Systems Act, 2000. Chapter 21 of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 2013 (SPLUMA) have the following requirements with respect to the content of Municipal SDF’s: 1. A Municipal Spatial Development Framework must – (a) give effect to the development principles and applicable norms and standards set out in Chapter 2; (b) include a written and spatial representation of a five-year spatial development plan for the spatial form of the municipality; (c) include a longer term spatial development vision statement for the municipal area which indicates a desired spatial growth and development pattern for the next 10 to 20 years; (d) identify current and future significant structuring and restructuring elements of spatial form of the municipality, including development corridors, activity spines and economic nodes where public and private investment will be prioritised and facilitated; (e) include population growth estimates for the next five years; (f) include estimates of the demand for housing units across different socio-economic categories and the planned location and density of future housing developments; (g) include estimates of economic activity and employment trends and locations in the municipal area for the next five years; (h) identify, quantify and provide location requirements of engineering infrastructure and services provision for existing and future development needs for the next five years; (i) identify the designated areas where national or provincial inclusionary housing policy may be applicable; (j) include a strategic assessment of the environmental pressures and opportunities within the municipal area, including the spatial location of environmental sensitivities, high potential agricultural land and coastal access strips, where applicable; (k) identify the designation of areas in the municipality where incremental upgrading approaches to development and regulation will be applicable; (l) identify the designation of areas which- (i) more detailed local plans must be developed; and (ii) shortened land use development procedures may be applicable and land use schemes may be so amended;
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 (m) provide the spatial expression of the coordination, alignment and integration of sectoral policies of all municipal departments; (n) determine a capital expenditure framework for the Municipality’s development programmes, depicted spatially; (o) determine the purpose, desired impact and structure of the land use management scheme to apply in the municipal area; and (p) include an implementation plan comprising of- (i) sectoral requirements, including budgets and resources for implementation; (ii) necessary amendments to a land use scheme; (iii) specification of institutional arrangements necessary for implementation; (iv) specification of implementation targets, including dates monitoring indicators; and (v) specification, where necessary, of any arrangements for partnership in the implementation process.
2.1.3 Integrated Urban Development Framework (IUDF)
South Africa is experiencing continuing urbanisation. The United Nations estimates that 71.3% of the South African population will live in urban areas by 2030, reaching nearly 80% by 2050. In response to this reality, South Africa has developed the Integrated Urban Development Framework (IUDF) in order to manage the scale and growth of South Africa’s cities and towns. This will require a concerted and cooperative effort by government and stakeholders to manage urban development effectively.
The IUDF responds to and also builds on various chapters in the NDP, particularly chapter 8 ‘Transforming human settlements and the national space economy’.
The IUDF marks a New Deal for South African cities and towns. The New Deal outlined by the IUDF is about maximising the potential of urban areas, by integrating and aligning investments in a way that improves the urban form. It is about retro-fitting the existing cityfootprint to produce compact, coordinated and connected cities, using transit-oriented development (TOD) and other urban planning strategies to yield desirable social, economic and environmental outcomes, as envisioned in the NDP.
The IUDF aims to guide the development of inclusive, resilient and liveable urban settlements, while directly addressing the unique conditions and challenges facing South Africa’s cities and towns.
This vision for South Africa’s urban areas recognises that the country has different types of cities and towns, each with different roles and requirements. As such, the vision has to be interpreted and pursued in differentiated and locally relevant ways.
To achieve this transformative vision, four overall strategic goals are introduced:
Spatial integration: To forge new spatial forms in settlement, transport, social and economic areas.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Inclusion and access: To ensure people have access to social and economic services, opportunities and choices.
Growth: To harness urban dynamism for inclusive, sustainable economic growth and development.
Governance: To enhance the capacity of the state and its citizens to work together to achieve spatial and social integration.
The policy levers inform key areas for intervention and action to achieve the strategic goals and objectives of the IUDF. The nine policy levers are premised on thedemand effective (8) governance and (9) financial reform to enable and sustain these policy actions.
Policy lever 1: Integrated urban planning and management Integrated urban planning is essential for coherent development. It stimulates a more rational organisation and use of urban spaces, guides investments and encourages prudent use of land and natural resources to build sustainable communities.
Policy lever 2: Integrated transport and mobility Integrated transport and mobility is a vital component of South Africa’s economic infrastructure investment. It contributes to a denser and more efficient urban form, supports economic and social development, and is crucial for strengthening rural-urban linkages.
LEVER 1 - OBJECTIVE To create cities and towns that are well planned and efficient, and so capture the benefits of productivity and growth, invest in integrated social and economic development, and reduce pollution and carbon emissions, resulting in a sustainable quality of life for all citizens.
LEVER 2 - OBJECTIVE To create cities and towns where goods and services are transported efficiently, and people can walk, cycle and use different transport modes to access economic opportunities, education institutions, health facilities and places of recreation.
Policy lever 3: Integrated sustainable human settlements Integrated and sustainable human settlements are key to redressing the prevailing apartheid geography, restructuring cities, shifting ownership pro les and choices, and creating more humane (and environment-friendly), safe living and working conditions.
Policy lever 4: Integrated urban infrastructure An integrated urban infrastructure, which is resource efficient and provides for both universal access and more inclusive economic growth, needs to be extensive and strong enough to meet industrial, commercial and household needs. It should also be planned in a way that supports the development of an efficient and equitable urban form and facilitates access to social and economic opportunities.
Policy lever 5: Efficient land governance and management
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Both municipalities and private investors have a vested interest in land value remaining stable and increasing. At the same time, property values reflect apartheid patterns of segregation and mono-functional use, which need to be addressed to promote spatial transformation. Efficient land governance and management will contribute to the growth of inclusive and multi-functional urban spaces.
Policy lever 6: Inclusive economic development The New Growth Path (NGP), which is the backbone of our national economic policy, emphasises the importance of creating employment nationally through specific drivers. These include seizing the potential of new economies through technological innovation, investing in social capital and public services, and focusing on spatial development. Inclusive economic development is essential to creating jobs, generating higher incomes and creating viable communities.
LEVER 3 - OBJECTIVE To create cities and towns thatis liveable, integrated and multi-functional, in which all settlements are well connected to essential and social services, as well as to areas of work opportunities.
LEVER 4 - OBJECTIVE To create cities and towns that have transitioned from traditional approaches to resource-efficient infrastructure systems, which provide for both universal access and more inclusive economic growth.
LEVER 5 - OBJECTIVE To create cities and towns that grow through investments in land and property, providing income for municipalities, which allows further investments in infrastructure and services, resulting in inclusive, multi-functional urban spaces.
LEVER 6- OBJECTIVE To create cities and towns that are dynamic and efficient, foster entrepreneurialism and innovation, sustain livelihoods, enable inclusive economic growth, and generate the tax base needed to sustain and expand public services and amenities.
Policy lever 7: Empowered active communities Cities cannot succeed without the energy and investment of their citizens. In fact, the very power of cities stems from their unique capacity to bring together a critical mass of social and cultural diversity. This conception of democratic citizenship, at the core of the ‘active citizenship’ agenda advocated by the NDP, empowers communities to shape and contribute to the development of spaces and will transform the quality of urban life.
Policy lever 8: Effective urban governance The complexities of urban governance include managing the intergovernmental dynamics within the city and relations with the province and neighbouring municipalities. City governments need to manage multiple fiscal, political and accountability tensions in order to fulfil their developmental and growth mandates.
Policy lever 9: Sustainable finances Department of Co-operative Gover4nance and Traditional Affairs 9
Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Cities work within an intergovernmental scale framework and are affected by the decisions and actions taken by provincial and national government. Furthermore, with well-managed revenue and expenditure, cities are able to expand their resources, thereby meeting expenditure demands, and to access capital markets, allowing them to achieve greater scale and efficiency when investing in infrastructure.
2.1.4 Regional Industrial Development Strategy (RIDS)
The Department of Trade and Industries’ (DTI) Regional Industrial Development Strategy (RIDS) seeks to move South Africa's industrial development policy from the apartheid era's top-down localized approach to a bottom- up approach that treats regions as functional entities and builds on locally available skills and resources and relies on external investment. (The DTI, Draft Regional Industrial Development Strategy, June 2006, pg 16)
Therefore, it also seeks to strengthen world-class regions. These are high performance regions that contain companies or networks of companies which need to constantly upgrade so that they do not fall behind in global competition. (The DTI, ibid)
One strategy here is to concentrate a critical mass of firms in a chosen industry sector together with its upstream suppliers and service providers in a specific geographic location. Necessary support infrastructure includes transport, logistics, communications, education and training. Gauteng's Blue IQ is an example of such a regional economic development strategy.
Determinants of Systemic Competitiveness
Figure 1: Source: Draft Regional Industrial Development Strategy, DTI, 2006, pg20) RIDS identifies four levels that determine systematic competitiveness, see Figure 1. National and regional industrial development policy is responsible for the Meta and Macro levels. It is at the
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Meso and Micro levels where district and local municipal policies can have the greatest effect.
Distribution of Economic Activity Based on GVA 2009
Study Area
Map 1: Locality Map (Source: CSIR)
Map 1 illustrates Tswelopele Municipality as having significant levels of gross valued added compared to most rural Municipalities that do not have large urban concentrations, e.g. Bloemfontein; mining activity, e.g. Welkom and Free State gold fields; or large irrigation schemes, e.g. the Vaal Harts scheme in Phokwane Municipality. Peaks of around R16.97 GVA / 50km²/pa around Hoopstad and R2.44 / 50km²/pa around Bultfontein are indicated.
Implications for Tswelopele Municipality The Municipality’s economic base comprises agriculture, particularly intensive grain farming; Industrial opportunities flowing from this include: Agro-industry such as milling; Existing supply chains via the grain silos and road and rail network to major urban centres and export ports which could assist emerging farmers, progressing through the stages identified in the CRDP.
2.1.5 Comprehensive Rural Development Program (2006) (CRDP)
The CRDP intends to create vibrant equitable and sustainable rural communities and contribute to achieving Department of Co-operative Gover4nance and Traditional Affairs 11
Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 30% black ownership of the country’s “agricultural” land.
It includes using spatial grants such as NDGP to help revitalise rural towns and strengthen their roles as rural service centres. The CRDP will also contribute to upgrading rural infrastructure including roads, electricity, water and telecoms. It focuses on: • Agrarian transformation: Livestock farming and related value chain development; Cropping and related value chain development; • Rural development: Establishing business enterprises, agric-industries, co-operatives and market places in rural settings; Empowerment of rural communities especially women and youth through facilitating strong organisations and institutional capabilities; Capacity building by training rural communities in technical skills, climate change, soil erosion, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters; Revitalising old and creating new economic, social and information com munication infrastructure and public amenities and facilities in villages and small rural towns; Beneficiaries of the CRDP should include: Cat. 1: Landless households Cat. 2: Commercial ready subsistence producers Cat. 3: Expanding communal smallholdings? Cat. 4: Well established black commercial farmers Cat. 5: Financially capable, aspirant black commercial farmers.
Implications for Tswelopele Municipality
Tswelopele has a vibrant agricultural economy in which participation in management and ownership levels could be broadened through:
More structured access to commonage land particularly that with cropping potential; Partnerships with co-ops to assist with value chain management; Equity share and other measures to ease access to commercial farms; and, Access to well located commercial land and business space in villages and towns.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 2.2 PROVINCIAL POLICY
2.2.1 Free State Provincial Growth Development Strategy
The Free State PGDS records the provincial mandate as “a prosperous province and that fulfils the social needs of all of the people” (PGDS). Highlights include: ● 10.6% of national land area ● 6.4% of national population (2.95m – 3m) ● 4.9% of GDP (underperforming relative to population share) - 1980 – 9% - 1990 – 6% - 2002 – 5%
This decrease is attributed to the decline in mining on the Free State gold fields. ● Key economic activities include: - agriculture; - tourism; - agro-processing; - mining.
Important indicators include: ● Unemployment - 39% (SA 41%) ● Poverty - 49% ● HDI - 0.67 (SA 0.69) ● Functional Literacy - 69.2% ● Population Growth - 1.12% - 0.76 (declining) population ● Urbanised – 71.7%
GDP Employment Economy - mining 21.5% 18.2 – 20.1% - manufacturing 18.7% 19.5 – 9.7% - agriculture - -
● All population groups are migrating out of province especially white and black youth (p.96 PGDS) ● HIV rates highest in SA. ● Casual / informal sector only opportunity for many of the urban poor.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Implications for Tswelopele Municipality
Neither Bultfontein nor Hoopstad feature as key towns in the PGDS, p. 114 Policy Goals 2005 – 2014 (10 years) Provincial SDF
Tswelopele doesn’t feature as a key focus area in tourism, agricultural, mining or manufacturing categories but on the local level agriculture and tourism is a key economic feature
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
2.3 DISTRICT POLICY
2.3.1 Lejweleputswa District Spatial Development Framework (LDSDF) 2015/16
The municipality has one of the best tourist attraction reserves in the Free State called the Sandveld Nature Reserve in Hoopstad. This is one of the areas in the district which has the potential to attract tourists in the district
Some areas of the municipality boost salt pans which can be used for economic growth and thus employment
It is also one of the main maize producing areas in the province which has the potential to contribute to job creation in the region through location of businesses specialising in maize production.
Framework for strategy formulation-
Tswelopele Local Municipality should be assisted to develop beneficiation businesses from maize in the area. It is an area that boosts a number of water sources as well as the salt pans which can contribute tremendously to the economy of the region.
Nodes: Tswelopele does not have an economic activity node.
Description: Activity “nodes” are “point” developments and are most often located at intersecting or transfer points in the transfer system. They predominantly accommodate business activity combined with a high-density residential component.
Corridors: There is no evidence of Tswelopele having an activity corridor.
Description: Development corridors are urban phenomena and vary in scale. They feature a combination of transport services and supporting infrastructure in parallel and denser mixed land use integrated with the transport system, which includes land uses such as retail, residential, service industries, commercial, activities, social, agricultural related uses and recreation.
Implications for Tswelopele Municipality
The Municipality’s economic base comprises agriculture, particularly intensive grain farming, Industrial opportunities flowing from this include: -industry such as milling;
which could assist emerging farmers, progressing through the stages identified in the CRDP
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 2.4 MUNICIPAL POLICY
2.4.1 Draft IDP 2016/2017
Vision: “To be an accountable, transparent, non-racial Municipality that promotes economic development and provides sustainable services and improves the quality of life in the community.”
Mission: “Tswelopele Local Municipality is committed to effective and transparentgovernance by: • promoting economic development; • providing sustainable services; and, • improving the quality of life of all people”
Values • democratic values; • good governance; • transparency; • honesty; • equity; • commitment; • accountability; and, • professionalism.
2.4.2 Tswelopele Local Municipality: Municipal Land Use Planning By-laws
The Tswelopele Local Municipality SPLUMA By-laws was gazetted on 29 January 2016.
According to the Tswelopele SPLUMA By-Laws, and the FSPSDF all land must categorized directly to the 6 “SPC’s and includes the following main categories:
A. Core Areas. B. Buffer Areas. C. Agricultural Areas. D. Urban Areas. E. Industrial Areas. F. Surface Infrastructure and Buildings.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Figure 2: Spatial Planning Categories (Source: Free State SDF)
2.5.3 Tswelopele Local Municipality: Municipal Planning Tribunal
Nominated persons for the Tswelopele Local Municipality Municipal Planning Tribunal was gazetted on 6 November 2015, Gazette No. 88 of 2015.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 3. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE MUNICIPALITY
3.1 LOCATION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
3.1.1 Tswelopele
Tswelopele Local Municipality is a category B municipality in terms of the Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act 117 of 1998) and its key functions are the provision of basic services to the communities as required by Part B of Schedule 4 and 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 106 of 1996).
Tswelopele Local Municipality is situated in the central Free State about a 100 km north west of Bloemfontein and covers an area of 6 506.68 km².It is in the Lejweleputswa District Area comprising of Bultfontein, Phahameng, Hoopstad, Tikwana and their surrounding rural areas.
Tswelopele Local Municipality is the third largest municipality in the Lejweleputswa District Municipality which comprises of 5 Local Municipalities.
According the the Free State Growth and Development Strategy 2013, Tswelopele Local Municipality has 2.168 farms (19% of the district) and 12.299 erven (8% of the district). The Municipality is fairly rural and its eceonomic activity is largely based on agriculture and social services.
The Municipality comprises of the two (2) towns namely Bultfontein / Phahameng and Hoopstad / Tikwana. Surrounding the Municipality are agricultural farms that are largely maize and livestock farming
3.1.2 Bultfontein/Phahameng
Bultfontein/Phahameng is locatedat the connection of R700, R708, R710 and R719. It was found in 1874 when a strong fountain sprout on a hill and was first part of the farm Kameeldoorns. Bushmen, settlers and wild animals came to drink from the fountain.
Farm Bultfontein was first owned by Andrew Murray before it became a town. The earliest township was called Marantha due to apartheid was relocated to a distant location now called Phahameng.
Bultfontein is in a farming district that gets water from the Sand –Vet irrigation system. 10km east of the town there is farm Rondepan where one of farming activities includes cultivation of cut flowers.
3.1.3 Hoopstad/Tikwana
Hoopstad/Tikwana rich maize producing centre is situated on the R700 highway between Bloemfontein and the North West Province. The town is located near the Bloemhof Dam which is situated on the Vaal River.
This town was found in 1876 andnamedHaupstad after Mr Haupt who was a surveyor. The translation of Haupstad from Afrikaans means Capital and since this was not a true reflection the town it was therefore renamed Hoopstad which mean “Hope City” was established on the one side of the large farm Kameeldoorns with Bultfontein on the other side.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 2: Tswelopele Local Municipality (Source: CDNV: SDF 20..)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Photo 1: Bultfontein Arial (Source: Google Earth)
Photo 2: Hoopstad Arial (Source: Google Earth)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 4. URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND HIERARCHY
4.1 HIERARCHY AND ROLE OF THE SETTLEMENTS
• Tswelopele exhibits a balanced settlement hierarchy comprising two towns: o Bultfontein: 23,365 people; o Hoopstad: 16,033 people; and, o a large rural population of about 20,000 mostly in on-farm staff villages, some of them sizeable. • A high quality of staff housing is evident on most of the farms with dwelling units in the order of 60-80m² often double the size of most RDP houses. • However, there is also evidence of a considerable number of vacant or demolished staff housing, testimony to the significant off-farm migration that has occurred. • Bultfontein and Hoopstad are agricultural service centres and part of a larger regional settlement network that complies well with ChristallersCentral Place Theory. Other towns in this network include Christiana And Boshoff in the west, Hertzogville, Bloemhof, Wesselbron, TheunissenandBrandfort. All of these towns are between 40 and 60kms apart.
Implications for the SDF The settlement pattern of the Municipality should be consolidated at the two main towns of Hoopstad and Bultfontein. There is no need to consider a sub-regional development corridor between the two settlements. No part of the Municipality is further than 35kms from these two towns or those in neighbouring Municipalities. On farm agri-villages that cannot be serviced and maintained by nearby farms should be discouraged.
4.1.1 Hoopstad
• Hoopstad’s population (16,033) is half the size of Bultfontein (23,365) (2011 Census). • However, it appears to hold its own with a similar number of higher order facilities including banks, a golf course, a hospital and a jail, facilities of which the latter three are not present in Bultfontein, and it has a greater level of agro-industry. A large new flour mill was recently established and it is well known for designing and assembling the largest tractor in the world, a 12 wheeler. The town has a picturesque location on the banks of the Vet River although direct access to the river banks is limited except through the Municipal Nature Reserve. • It is relatively well designed from an urban design point of view with a strong axial street geometry that extends from the Old Town across the buffer area into Tikwana providing good opportunities for design and land use integration. This street pattern provides a robust framework on which to integrate Tikwana.
Hoopstad’s densities are low and exhibit the typical doughnut pattern with the highest on the periphery and the lowest in the centre found in most South African urban settlements. This is extremely inefficient. As much future development should occur within 1km of the centre as possible. Site location and design should take the socio- economic integration and gradient principles into account.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 4.1.2 Bultfontein
• As with many settlements in this region not near a river Bultfontein is located next to a permanent pan whose water level fluctuates throughout the year but which would have provided sufficient water to be used for livestock in the past and recharging ground water drawn through nearby boreholes. Today it is also a bird habitat for flamingos amongst others and its northern banks are part of the town’s nature reserve. • A large portion of the pan’s western bank is taken up by the waste water treatment works (WWTW) settling ponds. • The old part of the town is laid out as a “Voortrekker Rydorp” with long streets in a north-south orientation. • Most of the old town except for the CBD lies north of the main road from Hoopstad and Bloemfontein, the R708. • There is evidence of some wet ground immediately south of the R708 but it is not clear this land was not developed in the early years, i.e. from 1850 – 1950. • Although extremely well located this land formed part of the apartheid buffer strip for many years. During this period Africans living in a settlement close to the southern boundary of the historic town, Marienthal, were removed to Phahameng. • Phahameng continued to grow outwards in a wide, poorly coordinated and structured fan shape. Except for a single route that could potentially connect directly to the R700 there are no long structuring streets in Phahameng that could provide a legible route network to facilitate public transport services, business and community facilities. • The latest proposed extensions to Phahameng have, as with Hoopstad, also been proposed on the urban periphery.
Silo sidings • The silos at Protespan and Willemsrus standing some 70 metres high are imposing on the landscape but other than a small out-of-stock shop at Willemsrus have no facilities and no accommodation other than for the silo managers.
Implications for the SDF Hoopstad and Bultfontein are considerably in need of urban restructuring. Well located vacant land near the urban core of both settlements should be investigated for its development potential.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map3: National, Provincial and Local Roads (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
4.2 TRANSPORTATION
4.2.1 Major Road and Rail Routes
The Municipality’s local economy is almost totally dependent on exporting its large and varied agricultural product elsewhere in South Africa as well as through the grain terminal in East London.
Historically, most of this freight used the rail line serving the silos at Bultfontein, Protespan and Wesselsbron. This entailed a long detour northward via Bothavil e and Parys to join the rail network to East London. Due to the time delays, reduction in service and freight charge a large proportion of this freight switched to road transport. Grain from Hoopstad was either trucked to Bloemhof or Bultfontein as there is no rail siding here.
In addition to the switch of some grain traffic from rail, road freight loads on the provincial tarred arterial roads have also increased due to the stricter control of overloading and the installation of weigh bridges on the N1 and N12.
This increased road freight traffic, coupled with insufficient maintenance funding and management, has led to the virtual collapse of much of the arterial tar road network in the Municipality.
The R700 between Hoopstad and Bloemfontein via Bultfontein is in such a bad state of repair that numerous vehicles are now seen with punctures on a daily basis. This dangerous state of affairs is a deterrent to the tourism
Although road crews are seen repairing potholes a large intervention is needed to restore the road system.
Part of the solution may also be to extend the freight rail system from Bultfontein to Bloemfontein. A business plan should be prepared to evaluate this option.
The district road system, mostly maintained by farmers, is in a relativelyfairstate of repair compared to the provincial arterial network.
There are a number of airstrips at Bultfontein and Hoopstad.
Implications for the SDF The quality of the provincial road system must be improved without delay.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Photo 3: Quality of roads (R708)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 4.3 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
The main water user in the Municipality is intensive agriculture. This includes:
4.3.1 Agricultural Water Supply
• Dry land crop farming using the average 400mm summer rainfall; • Centre pivot and overhead irrigation systems feeding off boreholes; • An irrigation scheme canalising the Vet River west and east of the Willemsrus silos, (Sand-Vet River Irrigation Scheme) with the Allemanskraal and Erfenis dams as storage reservoirs. This appears to have started as an agricultural upliftment scheme in the 1940s. • Concerns around agricultural water supplies were not raised during the public participation. • No problems were raised regarding urban water supplies although a R6.7m bulk augmentation project to upgrade Bultfontein’s water supply is proposed. Just enough water is released from the upper Vaal WMA to satisfy this need in the Middle Vaal WMA. • Two of the main users are transfers and irrigation in the Middle Vaal WMA and there is an expectation that mining water use will decline. No meaningful change is seen in irrigation use. • The Middle Vaal WMA is highly dependent on transfer of water into the system from the Vaal River and its second biggest source is surface water. The latter water is fully utilised – mostly for irrigation use. • This WMA has 59m 3 intra basin transfers with the Orange-Vaal systems.
4.3.2 Urban Water Supplies
100% of the erven in the Municipality has access to water with more than 94% of the households in the towns having access to water in their houses. With the Bloemhof and Vaal dams as major dams in the area. Both Hoopstad and Bultfontein have surface and ground water sources. Bultfontein obtains its water from the Erfenis dams. The domestic water use is an average of 2,1 – 10ml per day for the two settlements.
Implications for the SDF
Water demand management is required in both the agricultural sectors: o Underground drip irrigation systems consume less water than overhead sprinklers although the infrastructure may be more expensive. o Rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling should be implemented in all residential properties. o Ecological corridors in which urban development and intensive agriculture are prohibited should be delineated along the rivers, pans and dams. o Measures to reduce nutrient loading from agricultural fertilizers and domestic detergents should be taken
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 4.4 WASTE WATER TREATMENT (SANITATION) ● Both Hoopstad and Bultfontein rely on conventional waterborne sanitation schemes which are extremely costly to build and maintain. ● Bultfontein requires an R60m augmentation of its WWTW to be implemented over the next three years. R20m is still to be sourced. ● The Municipality has successfully eradicated the bucket system from its formal housing areas and there are now only informal dwellings requiring sanitation. ● Odour problems are experienced from time to time in Tikwana some of which houses are closer than the recommended 500m buffer. Odour can also be minimized if the plant is managed optimally. ● The Municipality forms part of the Middle Vaal Water Management Area (WMA). ● The current water services backlog (Sanitation and MMG) is estimated at R143 509 759 (DWAF, March
4.5 LANDFILL Both Hoopstad and Bultfontein have their own local landfill sites. The airspace available needs to be determined.
Implications for the SDF • Large conventional WWTW systems dependent on imported chemicals and high levels of management may over burden the Municipality’s operating budget and lead to water quality problems in Bultfontein pan and river systems. • Bultfontein WWTW should be designed so that it also functions as a bird habitat using extensive maturation ponds to improve water quality rather than mechanical or chemical methods. • Small bore or urine diversion toilet systems should be implemented especially in market gardening contexts where the use of such systems can be integrated with permaculture.
4.6 ENERGY
Energy supply problems are experienced in the farming areas and especially in Bultfontein where the expansion of the town is limited due to this problem. A number of power lines criss-cross the Municipality.
Practically all of the erven in the Municipality have electricity.
Implications for the SDF Irrigation farming in particular has a high energy demands and the current Eskom tariff increases represent a considerable cost burden for commercial and emerging farmers unless they use alternative irrigation methods, or energy sources. Solar hot water cylinders and photo-voltaic cells should be installed on all residential properties, as well as industrial and commercial buildings.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 4.7 TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The unavailability of telecoms infrastructure for extension in Bultfonteinis a major contributor to the lack of further business development in the area. An example of it is told that the police services are hampered due to the fact that their new building does not have telephone lines. This new building could not be occupied and is now in a state of decay.
Implications for the SDF Telkom landline coverage should be supplied to all essential services.
4.8 HOUSING
● Overall number of households are stable or slightly declining; ● There is a significant decline in the rural areas and increase in the urban settlements; ● Household sizes appear to be declining. This increases the demand for individual dwelling units per same number of population. ● There is a significant increase in women headed households in urban settlements compared to rural areas.
Households Percentages Formal Informal Traditional Other Total Formal Informal Traditional Other Total dwelling dwelling dwelling dwelling dwelling dwelling Tswelopele 9642 2244 52 54 11992 80.4 18.7 0.4 0.4 100.0 Sandveld 2 - - - 2 100.0 - - - 100.0 Hoopstad 397 1 2 5 405 98.1 0.3 0.5 1.1 100.0 Tikwana 2534 901 13 11 3459 73.3 26.0 0.4 0.3 100.0 Tswelopele 2236 56 23 14 2329 96.0 2.4 1.0 0.6 100.0 NU Bultfontein 629 161 6 12 808 77.9 19.9 0.7 1.5 100.0 Phahameng 3844 1125 9 12 4990 77.0 22.6 0.2 0.2 100.0 Table 3: Settlement types (Source: Stats SA, Census 2011)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 The HDA visited Tswelopele Local Municipality to check the housing status particularly the informal settlements on the 18th March 2014 by the HDA team. The following table is the findings:
Informal Settlement Coordinates Housing Farm/Township Latitude (s) Longitude backlog Ward Park 1915, Park 1747 & -27.84141 25.92902 82 6 Tikwana Storm Water channel Informal Settlement Beer-hall, Technical & St -27.83596 25.91132 46 7 Tikwana John Informal Settlement Park 5229 (Baipehi) -28.30084 26.13062 24 4 Bultfontein Informal Settlement Matlharantlheng Informal - 26.14514 246 2 Bultfontein Settlement 28.295885 TOTAL 398 Table 4: Housing Status in the Informal Settlements (Source: TLM IDP 2016/17)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 4: Land Ownership (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
4.9 LAND OWNERSHIP
The accompanying ownership plan, shows that the total area of the municipality measures about 659 947ha. Approximately 5% of the land in the municipality or 30 726ha is owned by the Republic of South Africa (Government). Most of the government land (or almost all of this) represents the Bloemhof dam and the areas along the Vaal and Vet Rivers.
1% (8032ha) of the land is owned by the municipality. This accounts for the own allotment areas around Hoopstad and Bultfontein. There was no ownership information for approximately 3% of the land. The rest of the land approximately, 91% is privately owned either as natural persons, companies or trusts.
The Municipality receives approximately R83000 from farm rental per year.. According to the Municipality the information pertaining to the commonages and arable land being rented to farmers are as follows:
Implications for the SDF
Most of the agricultural land is owned by white commercial farmers except for 9 farmerstotal y 2500 hectares as land reform projects.
The commonages represent potential as stepping stones if they are intensively farmed as part of incubator programmes supported by the co-ops by emerging farmers.
The most successful emerging farmers can then acquire or participate equity share schemes on commercial farms.
This agrarian reform path should be integrated with the CRDP.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 5: Bultfontein – Vacant Land (Source:CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 6: Hoopstad – Vacant Land (Source:CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
4.10 VACANT LAND
The accompanying vacant land maps show that there are a total of approximately 761.3ha of vacant or under- utilised land available in the two settlements. The majority of this land is within 2km from the centre of the towns. The approximately 425ha of under-utilised/ vacant land in Bultfontein is made up of 16 pockets of strategically located land. In Hoopstad 15 pockets of land make up the estimated 336ha of land. These pockets of land are seen as strategic for the integration and for the efficient development of the town. Some of this land is owned by the municipality and includes commonages, un-utilised industrial and school sites and others are privately owned. All of this land should be subjected to further survey, engineering and viability studies for future development purposes.
Implications for the SDF
Both Bultfontein and Hoopstad have sufficient well located vacant and to successfully restructure the urban settlements according to the principles of: o Walking distance o Functional integration o Socio-economic integration and interface
Implications for the SDF
Both Hoopstad and Bultfontein have sufficient serviced vacant industrial land to accommodate further manufacturing should the need arise. Hoopstad has recently seen the development of a new grain mill. Both settlements suffer from their economically peripheral location and lack of the necessary forward and backward linkages and economies of agglomeration to make manufacturing viable.
Hoopstad’s closer proximity to the N12 and main national rail link may make it more desirable for industry than Bultfontein, approximately 100kms from Bultfontein although it is at the terminal of a branching.
4.11 TOURISM
The Municipality has a number of attractions: ● Boertjiefees ● Bultfontein wings and wheel ● Durant (Wild animals breeding) ● Nature Reserves ● Game Farms
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Implications for the SDF Tourism should be promoted as follows: Infrastructural support for festivals; Marketing support for festivals; Landscaping and building improvement of the towns; Promotion of outdoor attractions; river, hunting, game viewing; Maintenance and cleansing appears to be already well
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 7: Vegetation Status (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 8: Elevation (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 9: Biomes (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 10: Geology (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 11: Clay Depth (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 12: Soil Potential (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
5. BIO-PHYSICAL
Natural systems are the primary or foundational layer on which all of the others rest, acknowledging the natural capital base on which the other two set of layers must feed, in a sustainable way. Thus, geology, soils and climate form the basic geomorphological relationship which gives rise to hydrological, topographical and biodiversity patterns. Agriculture and mining are included in this sub-set due to their close relationship with the natural environment.
5.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND CATCHMENT LOCATION
The Tswelopele Municipal Area is relatively flat with an altitude range from 1,440m in the south‐east to 1,320m abovesea level in the north‐west. The terrain can be described as plains with open low hills or ridges. The two major river systems within the Tswelopele Municipality are the Vaal and the Vet. The Vaal Riverforms the northern boundary of the Municipal Area, while the Vet River forms part of the eastern boundary. Both theVaal and Vet Rivers flow into the Bloemhof Dam which is located in the northern portion of the Municipal Area, on theborder between North West and Free State Provinces. The dam, which has a storage capacity of 1,240 million m3 andsupplies water to various industrial and municipal users. The majority of the water from Bloemhof Dam is used forirrigation along the Vaal River (17,000ha) and to augment supply to the Vaalharts Water Scheme (37,000ha). The portionof the dam which is located within the Tswelopele Municipal Area forms part of the Sandveld Nature Reserve. Theportion of the dam which falls in the North West Province forms part of Bloemhof Nature Reserve. The municipality is located within the Lower Vaal, Middle Vaal and Upper Orange Water Management Areas (WMA).
5.2 CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTIONS
The Tswelopele Municipality falls within the semi‐arid plateau area of South Africa. It has a continental climate characterised by warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters13. Annual temperatures range from a maximum ofapproximately 31°C in mid‐summer to a minimum of less than 3.9°C in mid‐winter, with mean annual temperaturesranging between 15°C and 16°C. The municipality is located within a summer rainfall region, generally receiving between400mm and 600mm of rainfall per annum. Frost occurs throughout the municipal area, usually from April to September.
As result of climate change, it is predicted that the climatic region within which Tswelopele Municipality is located willexperience increases in temperatures of 3°C to 8.5°C by 2114. This is well beyond the natural temperature variabilityof the region. It is predicted that the region will generally experience drying in the future, but this will be within therealm of present‐day climate. With the rising temperatures, it is predicted that irrigation demand could increase by 15%to 30%, which poses significant risk to the agricultural sector. Furthermore, it is predicted
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 that maize production areasin the west would become less suitable for maize production. The studies also indicate a likely increase in heat stressfor livestock as result of climate change. Discomfort to livestock as result of heat stress has known effects, such asreducing conception rates across virtually all breeds of livestock. Furthermore, the projected drying could reduce grazingpotential which would result in negative health impacts for livestock. Similarly, increases in thermal human discomforton more days of the year, especially in the summer months, could have serious implications for the productivity ofagricultural labour.
5.3 AIR QUALITY
No baseline air quality data is available for the Tswelopele Municipality as there is no air quality monitoring stationswithin the Municipal Area (National Air Quality Information System www.saaqis.org.za). However, based on the FreeState Province Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP), Particulate Matter (PM10) is likely to be a significant contributorto air quality issues within Tswelopele. Key sources of PM10 include agricultural activities (i.e. wind blown dust from barefields), veld fires, vehicles, unpaved roads and construction, as well as domestic fuel burning.
5.4 LAND COVER AND LAND USE
The Land Cover of the Tswelopele Municipality is dominated by cultivation covering 59%,while maize is the main crop cultivated within the municipal area, wheat, sunflowers, nuts, vegetables and livestockare also produced. The remaining 40% comprises mainly natural areas (35%) and water bodies (5%). The urban built‐upareas of Bultfontein and Hoopstad account for a very small percentage of the total municipal area (0.2%).
5.5 LAND CAPABILITY
The majority of the Tswelopele Municipal Area is characterised as ‘moderate potential arable land’ with some areassurrounding and to the east of Bultfontein characterised as ‘non arable; moderate potential grazing land. In terms of grazing potential, the majority areas used for grazing are characterised as having carrying capacity of 5 to6 ha per large stock unit. As the Tswelopele Municipal Area does not have high agricultural potential, water scarcity, rising input costs, and changing policy frameworks, as well the future impacts of climate change, threaten the financial viability of the sector.
5.6 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION STATUS
The Tswelopele Municipal Area is home to a wide variety of vegetation types including Bloemfontein KarroidShrubland, Highveld Alluvial Vegetation, Highveld Salt Pans, Kimberley Thornveld, Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland, Vaal‐Vet SandyGrassland, and Western Free State Clay Grassland. The condition of these habitats varies considerablythroughout the municipal area, and is dependant primarily on their use for grazing (including stock rates), levels ofnatural resource harvesting, and management (including fire management, soil resources management and alieninvasive plant control). Department of Co-operative Gover4nance and Traditional Affairs 43
Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 In general, there are lower levels of alien invasive species diversity and abundance in Tswelopele Municipality whencompared to the eastern and southern regions of the Free State18. This is predominantly due to lower moistureavailability. Commonly occurring alien plant species found within the municipal area, particularly on stream banks. South African National Biodiversity Institute (2009a) AGIS (2014) Henderson (1991) Tswelopele Local Municipality – 2015 IEMP 23 roadsides, include Agave species (Century plant / Sisal), Eucalyptus spp., Gleditsiatriacanthos (Honey locust), Melia azedarach (Syringa), Opuntiaficus‐indica(Prickly pear), Prosopis species (Mesquite), and Salix babylonica(Weepingwillow). In general, the rivers within the municipal area are in poor condition. The Vet River, which is the river inthe best condition within the municipal area, is classified as ‘C: Moderately Modified’. The Vaal River upstream ofBloemhof Dam is classified as ‘E‐F: Seriously to Critically/Extremely Modified’. Downstream of Bloemhof Dam, the VaalRiver is classified as ‘D: Largely Modified’. The remaining rivers, which include the Dermspruit and Barberslaagte, areclassified as ‘Z’ which means that tributary condition has been modelled as not being intact. As result, the municipalarea contains no rivers identified as a National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area (NFEPA).
5.7 CONDITION OF RIVERS WITHIN TSWELOPELE (SANBI, 2011A)
Based on the National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas (NFEPA) data, there are approximately 37,303 hectares ofwetlands) within the Tswelopele Municipal Area, of which 62% (23,303ha) are classified as natural and only 18.2%(14,273ha) as artificial (including Bloemhof Dam). In the South African context, all wetlands are considered importantand conservation worthy. Nationally, more than half the country’s wetlands have been lost as a result of landtransformation for agriculture and development. In terms of the NEMA EIA Regulations, certain activities in or within adistance of 32 metres of a wetland or watercourse requires assessment and permission from the relevant environmentalauthority. The National Department of Water Affairs also requires that certain activities in or within a distance of 500mof a wetland are undertaken within the bounds of a licence issued by them in terms of the National Water Act. Notethat the Tswelopele Municipal Area contains a number of wetlands identified as a National Freshwater EcosystemPriority Area (NFEPA). In general, there are greater restrictions on activities in or surrounding these wetlands. Tswelopele Local Municipality – 2015 IEMP 24
5.8 CONDITION OF WETLANDS WITHIN TSWELOPELE (SANBI, 2011B)
There is only one Protected Area with the Tswelopele Municipal Area which has been formally protected. This is theSandveld Nature Reserve which includes a portion of Bloemhof Dam. The reserve, which is managed by the DETEA, is37,823 ha in extent. The dam has been identified as an important bird area and one of the best freshwater angling damsin the country. In total, 5.8% of the municipal area falls within formally protected areas.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 There are a number of informally protected conservation areas within the Tswelopele Municipal Area. These areas arereferred to as “conservation areas” rather than “protected areas” as they have not been gazetted in terms of theNational Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (57 of 2003). This includes for example the A. C. van WykPrivate Game Reserve on the periphery of Bultfontein.
In close proximity to the Tswelopele Municipality are a number of protected areas. This includes Bloemhof Nature Reserve (adjacent Sandveld Nature Reserve), S.A. Lombard Nature Reserve, Soetdoring Nature Reserve and WillemPretorius Nature Reserve.
There is currently no Environmental Management Framework, systematic biodiversity plan, or bioregional plan for theFree State Province, Lejweleputswa District Municipality or Tswelopele Local Municipality. Note however that the FreeState PSDF does however include an open space system comprising SPC A (Core) and SPC B (Buffer) areas.
5.9 TEMPERATURE
This municipality has a continental climate characterised by warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters13. Annual temperatures range from a maximum of approximately 31°C in mid‐summer to a minimum of less than 3.9°C in mid‐winter, with mean annual temperatures ranging between 15°C and 16°C.
5.10 RAINFALL
The Tswelopele Municipality falls within the semi‐arid plateau area of South Africa. It is located within a summer rainfall region, generally receiving between 400mm and 600mm of rainfall per annum. Frost occurs throughout the municipal area, usually from April to September.
5.11 WIND
Figure 3.4 shows the prevailing wind direction for Welkom. Thiswind direction is generally north to north-east. This pattern generally remains the same throughout the year. Average yearly wind speed and direction-Welkom
Figure 2 (Source: SA Weather Service, 2009) Implications for the SDF Department of Co-operative Gover4nance and Traditional Affairs 45
Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 • The further south one moves, the colder it gets. • The central areas (north/south) are the more moderate rainfall areas. • Cognisance needs to be taken of the dominant northerly/north easterly wind direction. • Winters are cold and dry, requiring energy efficient building orientation, insulation and back-up rainwater harvesting.
Implications for the SDF There is little land of scenic quality suitable for tourism, except along the rivers and around the pans. The area is ideally sloped for efficient arable farming.
5.12 WATER RESOURCES (HYDROLOGY)
SANBI’s River Conservation Status indicates that: ● Almost 10% of the Municipality’s area comprises hydrological features, the main one being the Bloemhof Dam along the Vet and Vaal Rivers. ● 2% comprises a scattering of permanent and ephemeral pans and wetlands mainly on the Altemit, an area of dolerite and limestone depressions. ● These pans are important for ground water recharge and birdlife, as seen at Bultfontein pan.
Implications for the SDF
SANBI’s river status records the following: ● Vet River – critically endangered ● Vaal River – critically endangered ● Lower reaches of Barbersvlaagte River: o The poor state of the river appears to coincide with intensive farming areas. This suggests a need for ecological corridors and setback lines. ● The water quality appears good in extensive farming areas.
Implications for the SDF The dry Lymbogon-Themeda veld coinciding with intensive agricultural areas is least conserved and measures should be taken to protect this veld type. For example, the proposed river bank protection corridors could assist with conserving this veld type.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 13: Hydrology (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 14: Tswelopele SDF (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
5.13 CONSERVATION AND HERITAGE
Land-use-planning-modelIing compliance with international and national protocols, agreements and directives, and the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (2013), the land-use classification approach adopted for the PSDF is based upon UNESCO’s biosphere reserve zoning model as advocated by UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MaB) Programme. South Africa’s endorsement of the MaB Programme and the consequent support for the bioregional planning approach imply that the said model should logically be applied. The model provides for three broad land-use categories, namely a core conservation area, a buffer area and a transition area. This model, as adopted for the Free State PSDF, should not be interpreted as conservation-focussed – it merely builds upon the principle that sustainable economic and social systems are not possible in an unsustainable environment. Accordingly, the three categories mean the following: Core conservation areas refer to those sites that provide for, or contain, essential ecological processes and products, including biodiversity, water, soil, etc. All of these are essential for social, economic and ecological sustainability. Conservation buffer areas are those zones that help to protect the integrity of the core areas and/or serve as functional linkages between core areas. Transition areas are those areas where the main consumptive land-uses occur, including settlement development, industry, mining, and other disruptive land-uses that represent the bulk of the economic activities of the province. The model served as a basis for the formulation of six SPCs that are to be used to indicate the desired land- use pattern throughout the province in the form of a composite spatial plan.
Figure: 3: UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserve Zoning Model (Source: FSPSDF)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 5.14 CONSERVATION
The Sandveld Nature Reserve has been identified as ‘Tourism Destination’, as well as a ‘Core Conservation Area’ (SPC A). The rivers (incl. 32m buffer), wetlands, buffer area surrounding Sandveld Nature Reserve, as well as remaining grassland areas within the Tswelopele Municipal Area have been identified as ‘Buffer Areas’ (SPC B) o The remaining grassland areas to the west of Bultfontein should be used for extensive agriculture o Areas to north of R708 should be used for intensive agriculture with double density maize planting; The Sand‐Vet Irrigation Scheme should be expanded along the Vet River; Areas surrounding Bloemhof Dam should be used for small‐scale irrigation schemes. Bultfontein and Hoopstad identified as having medium economic potential as certain sectors of the economy show signs of growth, or have the potential for growth. Hoopstad and Bultfontein also form part of ‘Goldfields Tourism Route’ Bloemhof Dam identified as potential site for Power Plant and regional airport serving tourists and industry. Bloemhof Dam also identified as ‘Large‐scale and multi‐purpose tourist destination’ which forms part of proposednorthern / eastern tourism route.
5.15 HERITAGE SITES
Little survives of Tswelopele’s pre-colonial heritage. It is likely that the demolished village of Marienthal at Bultfontein had its origins in a much older Tswana settlement. There is a pattern of pre-colonial villages located on limestone next to pans throughout the western Free State. Both Bultfontein and Tikwana have generally neglected their historic building and landscape heritage although examples have survived. The historic pedestrian and tourist friendly streetscapes of the main roads have also been considerably weakened with the removal of stoeps and verandahs and trees, although remnants survive.
Implications for the SDF Remaining historic buildings should be protected for their tourism economy appeal. Landscape and building design guidelines should be implemented along the main streets and entrances to the settlements to improve their business and tourism appeal.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 15: Agricultural Land Use (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
5.16 AGRICULTURE
• Agriculture is a significant economic activity. • Bultfontein marks the beginning of the western Free State grain region and 49% of the Municipality’s land is dedicated to intensively producing maize, wheat, sunflowers, ground nuts, and potatoes. - 40% is extensive agriculture - 49% is intensive agriculture - total of 588073ha is under agriculture
• While livestock can also be farmed on the arable areas, especially Bonsmaraand Afrikaner cattle, it is the predominant activity on the higher lying Altemit, along the low lying river valley areas and elsewhere where crop farming is not suitable. • Game farming is increasingly occurring on land suitable for livestock farming where it also forms the basis for tourism activities including hunting and agri-tourism. • Tswelopele’s natural systems support an extremely intensive agricultural sector. • In the extensive farming areas, in the Altemit and along the banks of the Vet and Vaal Rivers the veld appears well managed with some exceptions where there is evidence of over-grazing. Further information is required from theDepartment of Agriculture. • Although having been farmed with increasing intensity over the past 100 years, particularly in the irrigation scheme areas and using larger and stronger ploughs, there appears to be little evidence of the soil becoming exhausted. Average maize yields of 6-7 tons/hectare and with peaks of 13.5 tons / hectare were reported. • Genetically Modified crops are widely used. • Although SANBI’s river status mapping records the lower reaches of the Vet and Bakkenslaagte River as critically endangered, problems regarding water quality and, therefore, possible threats to agricultural production were not reported as has occurred along the Berg River in the Western Cape.
Implications for the SDF Livestock and crop farming are the primary economic drivers of the Municipal economy. Water quality and quantity and farming practices require monitoring and improving to ensure the long term economic sustainability of these resources. Much greater access to this resource and its supply chains for emerging farmers and business people is required.
5.17 BUILDING MATERIALS AND MINING
Other than quarrying for gravel and stone no mining occurs in the Municipality. However, the Council for Geoscience mapping (2001) shows that there is an abandoned mine approximately 40km southwest from Bultfontein. The same mapping also shows exploited deposits around Bultfontein. Kimberlite pipes are expected to exist, according to the aforementioned Geoscience mapping, approximately 40km west of Hoopstad, Implications for the SDF
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Deposits of suitable materials for road and house buildings should be identified close to the main settlements. Care should be taken with their extraction so that topsoil is preserved and proper rehabilitation plans should be implemented so as to ensure its sustainability.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 16: Mineral Deposit State (Source: CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
6. ABUTTING LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES
6.1 TOKOLOGO LOCAL MUNICIPAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
According to the FSPSDF, Dealesville is identified as a hub for renewable energy as this town is a focal point for Eskom’s high voltage lines. Boshof and Hertzogville are indicated as towns with medium investment potential.
6.2 NALA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
According to the FSPSDF,Bothaville is indentified as a town with high investment potenial. This town is also identified for industrial installations. Bothaville lies in the centre of the maize triangle, thus surrounded by vast maizelands, some irrigated from the Vals and Vaal Rivers. Other agricultural activities are sheep, sunflower, wheat and peanuts. The NAMPO agricultural trade show, known as "Nampo Harvest Day" or "Nampo Oesdag", has been held annually at Bothaville since 1974. Described as one of the largest in the world, it attracted some 70,000 visitors in recent years. The show, organised by Grain South Africa (GSA), features a large variety of agricultural machinery and livestock. Bothaville is also located along the R30 transport corridor linking Welkom with Klerksdorp in the North West Province.
6.3 MASILONYANA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
According to the FSPSDF,Brandfort and Theunissen are identified as towns with medium investment potential. These towns are located along the R30 transport corridor. Winburg is identified as a town with low investment potential, altough it is along the N1 National Road linking Bloemfontein with Kroonstad and Sasolburg.
6.4 MATJHABENG SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
According to the FSPSDF, Welkom is identified as an Industrial Node. All other urban nodes in Matjhabeng are identified as service centres. Welkom also as the main service centre in the District with specialised institutional and cemmercial services. Welkom, Odendaalsrus and Virginia are identified as Retail Service nodes. Welkom is also identified as a manafacturing and mining node. The N1 national road which runs through Ventersburg is identified as a Transport Axes. The R30 is also identified as a major transport axis, linking Bloemfontein with Klersdorp in the North West Province. Welkom is identified to propmote the establishment of a “Sports Node”. Welkom is also identified as a high-speed rail transfer point.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 17: Composite Plan for the Free State (Source: FSPSDF)
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Map 18: Composite Plan for Lejweleputswa (Source: FSPSDF)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
7. DEMOGRAPHICS
7.1 POPULATION
This municipality’s total population is 47626 persons consisting of approximately 11992 households. There has been a decline since the 2001 StatsSA survey which counted a total of 58,848 residents against the 2011 StatsSA.
Population distribution by gender per town
50000 47625
45000
40000
35000
30000 24761
25000 22864 21189 Male
20000 Female 14738
15000 Total
11435
9754
8215 7769
10000 6969
4425 3789
5000 2176
1295
1146
1031
678
617
12
7 5 0
(Source: Stats SA, Census 2011)
Hoopstad The population size was 1295 in 2011.
Bultfontein The total population size for 2011 was 2176 people,
Phahameng According to the 2011 Statistics the population size was 21189 people. Tikwana The total population size is 14738 people Sandveld
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 The total population size is 12 based on the 2011 StatsSA.
Tswelopele NU Non urban population for 2011 was 8215.
7.2 AGE AND GENDER DISTRIBUTION
Population by gender 7 6 5 4 3 Male 2 Female 1
0
0-4 5-9
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-90 2011
(Source: Stats SA, Census 2011)
There has been a total decline of 3 859 in the population from 2001 to 2011, this decline is more informed in the age groups of 1 – 14 which had a 4.2% decline during this time frame. There has however been in increase of 3.4% in the age groups of 15 – 64 and a slight increase of 0.7% in the age groups of 65 years and above. One other positive section of our population is the dependency ratio which has undergone a decrease from 62.8% to 54.2 adding to a percentage of 8.6% which indicates that 8.6% of our population are no longer dependent but rather became self-dependent. (IDP 2015/2016)
7.3 POPULATION GROWTH AND MIGRATION
7.3.1 Growth rate
Growth rate Growth rate (1996-2001)” 2011 (2001-2011) 0.8 47625 -1.20 (Source: Stats SA, Census 2011)
The growth rate of the population in the Municipality will depend on economic opportunities that the Municipality can offer, especially to young adults who are the most mobile group. A stagnating economy that cannot provide
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 school learners with hob opportunities will result in the loss of these economically active adults to areas with economic opportunities.
Implications for the SDF Total population of Municipality appears stable and is possibly declining according to Stats SA, Census 2011 Intra-migration in the form of farm workers moving from farm to town is likely to continue although at a smaller rate than in the past.
Due to the relatively undeveloped tertiary sector, and low skills levels of new arrivals overall economic and employment growth is likely to decline unless there is a considerable increase in intensity in agricultural activity and a corresponding demand for low skilled labour;
The number of indigent households unable to pay for services and therefore financial burden on the Municipality is likely.
7.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC
7.4.1 Employment Status
Employment status refers to whether a person is employed, unemployed or not economically active. The two categories of employment and unemployment together constitute the economically active category. The category of not economically active constitutes all those who are currently not regardedas part of the labour force e.g. scholars, housewives, pensioners, disabled, those not wishing to work, etc.
Employment status
16000 14090 14000
12000 9694 10000
8000 6304
Employed 5174
6000 4979 3549
3225 Unemployed 2657
4000 2338 1766
1560 Not economically active
720
556
483 426
2000 286
92
10
3 3 0
(Source: Stats SA, Census 2011) The official unemployment rate in FS161 has gone down with a percentage of 9, 4 from 2001 till 2011 from 31.7% to 22.3% which shows that Government’s priority of job creation is relieving the plight of the unemployed.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 The unemployment rate for the youth has even gone further down from 4.3% in 2001 to 27.7% in 2011 which is a total percentage of 12.6%. (IDP 2015/2016)
7.4.2 Main Economic Sectors
Employment in different sectors
1761
Formal sector 1276 Informal sector Private household
6473
(Source: Stats SA, Census 2011)
7.4.3 Manufacturing
Bultfontein and Hoopstad have several mills (Gridco, Bultfonteinmeule and Hoopstadmeule), a tyre “factory”, and two feedlots for cattle. There is a company in Hoopstad (JM Trailers), where trailers are built (manufactured) and sold as a source of income. The construction sector is cyclical by nature and is sensitive to changes in interest rates
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 7.4.4 Economic Contribution
Economic contribution 14000000 12000000
10000000 983 8 774 8000000
6000000 578 11 944
4000000
1 182 182 1 292 876 876 585
2000000 784 798
640 640 756
513863
415181
351 351 964 351 351 386
75 658 75
316328
804 804 138 555 555 864 125 961 553 530
34 536 34 277 24 322 93 1 106 106 1 469 Male 0 Female
(Source: Draft IDP 2016/2017)
7.5 SOCIAL SERVICES
In this sectionseveral social fields such as health, education, and community facilities available to the people in the Local Municipalityare presented. The aim is to present the status quo and identify the need that still exist in respect to the social services
7.5.1 Education Profile
The education facilities map shows the distribution of the primary, secondary and combined schools of the Municipality. The map shows that there are secondary schools located in Hoopstad as well as Bultfontein. Both of these have a number of combined schools as well. A number of farm schools are also evident throughout the Municipality.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 19: Schools (Source:CDNV)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
7.5.2 Health facilities
Figure 3 shows the distribution of health facilities within the Tswelopele Municipality. In this figure it is shown that Hoopstad has a number of community heath centres as well as a hospital. Bultfontein only has a community health centre, although it has a larger population.
Bloemhof, just outside the north-western boundary of the Municipality has a community health centre. Hertzogville, close to the eastern western border of the Municipality, also has a community health centre
Figure 3: The National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey in South Africa 2010 (Source: Department of Health South Africa (2011):)
In terms of the HIV/Aids a prevalence rate in the Free State, the chart indicates that in the Lejweleputswa District this rate peaked in 2007 when it was 38%. In 2009it was 33% and it has since dropped from the peak in 2007 to 30%.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 20: Health Facilities (Source:
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
8. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS BY SECTOR DEPARTMENTS
The following projects have were implemented by the sector departments during the 2015/16 financial year at the municipality, the municipality is awaiting the updated list of project to be implemented by sector department in the 2016/ 2017 financial year.
BUDGET LOCAL PROJECT NAME SECTOR DEPARTMENT MUNICIPALITY
PROJECT
Hoopstad upgrading of Landfill Department of Environmental Tswelopele R7 000 000,00 Site (Working on Waste) Affairs
Tswelopele Tswelopele Municipality Community Parks Department of Environmental R8 000 000,00 (Greening and Open Spaces Management) Affairs
Tswelopele Upgrading of Hoopstad Nature Reserve (People Department of Environmental and Parks) R15 000 000,00 Affairs
Tswelopele Upgrading of existing Infrastructure (People and Department of Environmental R15 000 000,00 Parks) Affairs Tswelopele Tswelopele Bulk Water Supply Department of Water and R60m (10m) Sanitation Tswelopele Water conservation and Demand Management Department of Water and R10m (R5m) Sanitation Energy Efficiency Demand Side Management Department of Energy R13m (R3m)
COMMITMENT LETTERS NOT YET SUBMITTED Tswelopele Youth Jobs in Waste Department of Environmental - Affairs Tswelopele Alien Invasive Plants Eradication-EPWP Department of Economic, Small R2 400 000,00 Business Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs Tswelopele Upgrade of day visitor and pick-nick facilities Department of Environmental R15 000 000,00 Affairs Tswelopele Electricity Connections (500 Connections) ESKOM -
Tswelopele Tswelopele (Phahameng) Blocked project cont. Free State Department of Human R172 042,00 Settlements Tswelopele Tswelopele (Tikwana) Blocked project cont. Free State Department of Human R142 013,00 Settlements Tswelopele IRDP, P1 Informal Settlements (New projects) Free State Department of Human R20 900 000,00 Phahameng W/S Retic (837 erven) Settlements Tswelopele IRDP P4 Informal Settlements Bultfontein 100 Free State Department of Human R1 100 000,00 Settlements Tswelopele Alien Vegetation Control (01 April 2014 to 31 March Free State Economic R1,553,480.00 2015) Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs Tswelopele Soil Erosion Control & Clearing of Invasive plants Free State Economic R4,6m (01 July 2014 to 31 March 2015) Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs Table (Source: TLM IDP/SDF 2016/17)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 The following capital projects will be implemented in the 2016/ 2017 financial year and are in line with the budget of the municipality.
PROJECT NO LOCATION PROJECT NAME PROJECT VALUE FINANCIAL YEAR TLM/H/WWTW/01 Hoopstad Hoopstad Waste Water Treatment Works R6 478 243.36 2016/17
TLM/P/SPORT/02 Phahameng Phahameng Sports Facilities (Phase 4) R951 619.04 2016/17
TLM/T/SPORT/03 Tikwana Tikwana Sports Facilities (Phase 3) R1 440 936.16 2016/17
TLM/P/ROAD/04 Phahameng Phahameng 2km Paved Road R6 865 201.44 2016/17
TLM/ELEC/05 Tswelopele Upgrading of Bulk Electricity Supply (Refurbishment R5 000 000.00 2016/17 of electricity infrastructure) TLM/EPWP/UWP/11 Tswelopele Upgrading of the water network (RBIG) R24 170 000.00 2016/17
TLM/ROAD/01 Bultfontein Phahameng: Construction of a 2km road and R5 777 198.00 2017/18 Stormwater TLM/SPORTS/02 Bultfontein Phahameng: Upgrading of sports facilities Phase 4 R105 559.40 2017/18
TLM/SPORTS/03 Hoopstad Hoopstad: Upgrading of sports facilities phase 4 R130 635.50 2017/18
TLM/ROAD/04 Bultfontein Phahameng: Construction of access roads 1.3 Km R5 897 143.22 2017/18
TLM/SEWER/05 Hoopstad Tikwana: Construction of toilet structures and sewer R3 436 467.95 2017/18 connections (499 sites) Table (Source: TLM IDP 2016/17)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Table (Source: TLM IDP 2016/17 2016/17 Medium Term Revenue & Expenditure Current Year 2015/16 Framework Description Unit of measurement Original Adjusted Budget Year Budget Year Budget Year Full Year Forecast Budget Budget 2016/17 +1 2017/18 +2 2018/19 Waste Water Management Sewerage Sewerage Network Construction of Sewerage Completion stages 95,0% 95,0% 95,0% 95,0% 95,0% 95,0% Network
Sewerage % Maintained and 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% Maintenance of Infrastructure Rep
Road Transport Roads Paving of Roads Kilometres paved 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% 15,0% Paving of Roads
Maintenance of Roads Number of Roads 25,0% 25,0% 25,0% 25,0% 25,0% 25,0% Maintain all roads Maint
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 Electricity Electricity Upgrade Electricity network % of network 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% Upgrade Electricity network upgraded
Maintain Electricity network % of network 90,0% 90,0% 90,0% 90,0% 90,0% 90,0% Electricity Network Maintained maintained
The municipality is in the process to source funding for the following project to be implemented in the multi-years
The municipal budget is funded and all the tariff structures are cost reflective of the 2016/ 2017 annual budget and both tables depicts the positive outcome as they show surplus for the financial year.
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
Map 21: Bultfontein SDF (Source: COGTA)
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Map 22: Hoopstaad SDF (Source: COGTA)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017
9. THE PROPOSED SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
9.1 BULTFONTEIN/PHAHAMENG
The following spatial proposals in terms of the SPC’s for Bultfontein/Phahameng are recommended in the SDF. SPC A-C has been covered in the conservation section of the SDF.
SPC Property Description Proposal D-h Residential Areas 3 Portions of the Farm Bultfontein Three portions for township No. 396 Townlands. establishment have been indicated for future residential development. D-h Residential Areas The Remainder of the Farm The farm was recently bought by Wessels Rust No. 451. the Municipality for future residential development. D-h Residential Areas Erven 4273, 219, 4962, 328, These erven are currently vacant 294 and a Portion of Erf 1166. and infill planning could be considered. D-i Business Areas Along Joubert Street, Diamond These streets could be promoted Street and President Swart as intensification corridors and Street. business and related uses should be encouraged.
D-n Cemeteries Rem of the Farm Kameeldoorn A new cemetery site could be No.35 developed on this portion if the land is suitable. F-e Heavy Vehicle Overnight Portion of the Farm Bultfontein A new Truck Stop is proposed at Facilities No. 396 Townlands. the Intersection of the R700 and the R710 Table: (Source: COGTA)
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Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 9.2 HOOPSTAD/TIKWANA
The following spatial proposals in terms of the SPC’s for Hoopstad/Tikwana are recommended in the SDF. SPC A-C has been covered in the conservation section of the SDF.
SPC Property Description Proposal D-h Residential Areas A Portion of the Remainder of Two portions for township the Farm Kameeldoorn No. 35 establishment have been Townlands. indicated for future residential development. D-h Residential Areas Portion 12/35 and Erf 709 These erven are currently vacant and infill planning could be considered. D-i Business Areas Along Japet Van Zyl Street, These streets could be promoted Prince George Street and Tseki as intensification corridors and Street. business and related uses should be encouraged.
D-mMixed Use Development A Portion 65 /35 of the Farm These sites could be developed Areas Kameeldoorn No.35. as mixed used areas. Portion 64 /35 of the Farm Kameeldoorn No.35. Erven 804 -806
D-n Cemeteries Portion 3 of the Farm Morgenzon A new cemetery site could be No.455 developed on this portion if the land is suitable. F-e Heavy Vehicle Overnight A Portion 65 /35 of the Farm A new Truck Stop is proposed at Facilities Kameeldoorn No.35. the Intersection.
Table: (Source:COGTA)
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