DOCSLIB.ORG

Lower Vet River Water Quality Situation Analysis with Special Reference to the OFS Goldfields

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lower Vet River Water Quality Situation Analysis with Special Reference to the OFS Goldfields Lower Vet River Water Quality Situation Analysis with Special Reference to the OFS Goldfields CEHerold • WV Pitman • AK Bailey • I Taviv Report to the Water Research Commission by Stewart Scott Incorporated WRC Report No 523/1/96 Disclaimer This report emanates from a project financed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC or the members of the project steering committee, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Vrywaring Hierdie verslag spruit voort uit 'n navorsingsprojek wat deur die Waternavorsingskommissie (WNK) gefinansier is en goedgekeur is vir publikasie. Goedkeuring beteken nie noodwendig dat die inhoud die siening en beleid van die WNK of die lede van die projek-loodskomitee weerspieel nie, of dat melding van handelsname of -ware deur die WNK vir gebruik goedgekeur of aanbeveel word nie. LOWER VET RIVER WATER QUALITY SITUATION ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE OFS GOLDFIELDS FINAL REPORT to the WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION bv C E Herald (Project Leader) W V Pitman A K Bailey and I Taviv STEWART SCOTT INCORPORATED (Consulting Engineers) P O Box 784506, Sandton, 2146 WRC Report No. 523/1/96 ISBN 1 86845 233 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research in this report emanated from a project funded by the Water Research Commission and entitled: "Lower Vet River water quality situation analysis with particular reference to the OFS Goldfields". The Steering Committee responsible for this project, consisted of the following persons: Mr H M du Plessis Water Research Commission (Chairman) Mr A G Reynders Water Research Commission Mr F P Marais Water Research Commission (Committee Secretary) Mr S A P Brown Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Mr F C van Zyl Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Dr J van der Merwe Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Dr A Kuhn Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Mr H P J Pretorius Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Mr P J J Basson Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Mr G Quibell Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Prof F D I Hodgeson Institute for Ground-water Studies, U.OFS Dr V E Cogho Trans-Natal Collieries Ltd Mr N Rossouw Division of Water Technology, CSIR Dr C E Herold Stewart Scott Incorporated (Project Leader) Mr A K Bailey Stewart Scott Incorporated Mrs I Taviv Stewart Scott Incorporated The financing of the project by the Water Research Commission and the contribution of the members of the Steering Committee is acknowledged gratefully. This project was only possible with the co-operation of many individuals and institutions. The authors therefore wish to record their sincere thanks to the following: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, in particular Dr J van der Merwe and Mr H P J Pretorius for information regarding pollution sources, Messrs H Pretorius and F Viviers for information regarding the Sand-Vet GWS Scheme, Mr SAP Brown for guidance regarding water quality management policy and the report structure, Dr A Kuhn, for advice regarding the appV"L... «.' «u= j.n.. water ^uaiity Guidelines, Mr F C van Zyl for organisation of the public information meeting held in Welkom, Mr J Schutte for providing hydrological and water quality records, Messrs H Keuris and B du Plessis for the re-evaluation of weir discharge tables; Department of Nature Conservation, in particular Mr J Hardy for information regarding water quality requirements for the natural environment; Welkom Municipality, in particular Messrs R Spies and P Bezuidenhout for water use data; Virginia Municipality, for water use data; AB0O29.1 2 Senekal Municipality/ in particular Mr R Botha, for water use data; Bultfontein Municipality, in particular Mr C de Jager, for water use data; Henneman Municipality, in particular MrJWK Scholtz, for water use data; Hoopstad Municipality, for water use data; Theunissen Municipality, in particular Mr R Franken, for water use data; Winburg Municipality, in particular Mr T D Botha, for water use data; Goldfields Water, in particular Mr A J Dippenaar, for water supply and water quality data; Harmony Gold Mine, in particular Mr R Zorab and A Uys for the provision of information regarding water use water quality data; Freegold Mines, in particular Messrs D Bell, A Howard and J R Rossouw for the provision of information regarding water use and water quality data for mines in the Freegold group; St Helena and Unisel Gold Mines, in particular Messrs H Laycock, Smuts and Townsend for the provision of information regarding water use water quality data; Oryx Gold Mine, in particular Messrs H Dodds, Visser, A van Niekerk and M van der Merwe for the provision of information regarding water use wateT quality data; Beatrix Gold Mine, in particular Messrs J Vollenbroek and M Meijer for the provision of information regarding water use water quality data; H J Joel Gold Mine, in particular Messrs P Russel and H Opperman for the provision of information regarding water use water quality data; Soils and Irrigation Research Institute, in particular Dr Dries van der Merwe for advice regarding irrigation soils in the lower Vet catchment; University of the Orange Free State, Institute for Ground-water Studies, in particular Professor F D I Hodgeson for ground-water data; SRK, in particular Messrs G Murray and R McNeil for water quality data; The irrigation farmers who provided valuable information in response to the questionnaire. AB0Q29.1 (i) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES.l 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 2. OVERVIEW OF WATER USE 2.1 3. PROVISIONAL WATER QUALITY USER REQUIREMENTS 3.1 4. POLLUTION SOURCES 4.1 5. ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING MONITORING SYSTEMS 5.1 6. NATURALISATION OF STREAMFLOW 6.1 7. HYDRO-SALINITY MODEL CALIBRATION 7.1 8. ESTIMATION OF TDS LOADS 8.1 9. EVALUATION OF SALINITY STATUS 9.1 10. CONCLUSIONS 10.1 11. RECOMMENDATIONS 11.1 APPENDIX A MAPS APPENDIX B ; TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE VET RIVER WATER QUALITY SITUATION ANALYSIS APPENDIX C WATER BALANCE FOR THE OFS GOLDFIELDS APPENDIX D STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF OBSERVED WATER QUALITY DATA APPENDIX E : SAND RIVER AND SAND RIVER CANAL EC GRAPHS APPENDIX F : HYDRO-SALINITY MODELLING: STATISTICS AND GRAPHS OF RESULTS AB0029.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AIM The main aim of the study is to evaluate the surface water salirtity status of the Lower Vet River catchment and identify the main factors affecting the status. MOTIVATION The major water quality management goal of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWA&F) is to maintain fitness for use of the country's water resources on a sustained basis. Attainment of this management goal requires the setting of source water quality objectives. The water quality situation analysis is the first step in the process of setting these objectives. The DWA&F is in the process of setting water quality objectives for water sources on a prioritised basis. Owing to the water quality problems being experienced, the Lower Vet catchment was given a high priority and selected as one of the first sources for the setting of water quality objectives. TERMS OF REFERENCE Scope The Vet River catchment is shown in Fig. 1. The main focus of the study was on that portion of the catchment influenced by pollution sources in the OFS Goldfields mining area. The water quality situation analysis was confined to the study of Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) and its main inorganic constituents in the surface water. Only data available up to the end of September 1992 was included in the analysis. Hence subsequent changes in the water quality status will not be reflected. Specific tasks The specific tasks included in the study are summarised as follows: • determine water quality requirements for recognised users; • document sources of pollution; • assess existing water quality monitoring systems; • patch and naturalise hydrological records; • estimate diffuse source salt loads; and • evaluate the present water quality status of the catchment. The main findings of the study are discussed under the report chapter headings in the following sections. ES.2 %& TOWN CATCHMENT BOUNDARY JT] MINING AREA P5 PRIMARY STUDY AREA SECONDARY STUDY AREA FLOW GAUGE C4HOO4 {BLOEMFONTEIN Z6-E 27*E Fig. 1 : Map of Vet River catchment WATER USE (Chapter 2) There is a high degree of inter-dependence between the different water users in the OFS Goldfields region. The following is an overview of water use and water balances in the study area. Water supply The main suppliers of water are the Sand-Vet Government Water Scheme (GWS), which draws water from Allemanskraal and Erfenis Dams, and Goldfields Water, which draws most of its raw water from the Vaal River. A number of towns abstract water from local water sources. The Sand-Vet GWS provides water mostly for irrigation use, part of which is supplied direct from the canals and part from the lower Vet River. It is only the latter part that could be affected by pollution emanating from the OFS Goldfields area. Of the towns supplied from the Sand-Vet river system, only Hoopstad, adjacent to the lower Vet River, is likely to be affected by pollution sources in the OFS Goldfields region. The main crops irrigated from the Sand-Vet system are wheat, maize, fodder crops, potatoes, other vegetables, ground-nuts and sunflowers. Several contradictions and deficiencies were found in the water use data for the Sand-Vet GWS. The most serious of these is the apparent large under-estimation of the actual irrigation supply from the canals. AB0Q29.1 ES.3 Effluent discharge Most of the purified sewage effluent generated in the study area is re-used by local mines and to irrigate parks, gardens and sports fields.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Resources Policy and Mine Closure in South Africa: the Case of the Free State Goldfields
    Resources Policy 38 (2013) 363–372 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Resources Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/resourpol Resources policy and mine closure in South Africa: The case of the Free State Goldfields Lochner Marais n Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa article info abstract Article history: There is increasing international pressure to ensure that mining development is aligned with local and Received 24 October 2012 national development objectives. In South Africa, legislation requires mining companies to produce Received in revised form Social and Labour Plans, which are aimed at addressing local developmental concerns. Against the 25 April 2013 background of the new mining legislation in South Africa, this paper evaluates attempts to address mine Accepted 25 April 2013 downscaling in the Free State Goldfields over the past two decades. The analysis shows that despite an Available online 16 July 2013 improved legislative environment, the outcomes in respect of integrated planning are disappointing, Keywords: owing mainly to a lack of trust and government incapacity to enact the new legislation. It is argued that Mining legislative changes and a national response in respect of mine downscaling are required. Communities & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Mine closure Mine downscaling Local economic development Free State Goldfields Introduction areas were also addressed. According to the new Act, mining companies are required to provide, inter alia, a Social and Labour For more than 100 years, South Africa's mining industry has Plan as a prerequisite for obtaining mining rights. These Social and been the most productive on the continent.
    [Show full text]
  • MERCURY - PERSEUS 400 Kv TRANSMISSION LINE
    MERCURY - PERSEUS 400 kV TRANSMISSION LINE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON THE SOIL-LANDFORM RESOURCES Prepared by: Dr EBEN VERSTER (Pr Sci Nat) PEDOPLAN CC 247 KNYSNA AVE 0182 SINOVILLE Prepared for: STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS P.O. Box 74785 Lynnwood Ridge 0040 MARCH 2003 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. This report deals with a desk-top study of the soil-landform resources of the Mercury-Perseus Transmission Line Project with the objective to provide a description of these resources, interpret these features in terms of their suitability for selected land uses, identify the impact landform would have on the project, identify sensitive soils along the proposed corridors, evaluate the impacts on the soils and recommend mitigatory measures and actions to minimise negative impacts. 2. As information base, the land type maps (scale 1:250 000) and accompanying memoirs covering the survey area were used. Aspects on the soils, landform and climate were derived from the land type survey, whereas topographic and other geomorphological data were obtained from the 1:50 000 topographical maps. 3. It must be clearly stated that the land type information is for broad-scale assessment purposes only and that the positioning of pylons and construction camps, for example, will require studies at the detailed level. 4. The land type map (FIGURE 1) shows the spatial distribution of the land types, while TABLE 4.1 summarises the soil and slope components occupying each land type. 4.1 In general, five broad soil-landform systems related to parent material and topography can be distinguished. These are freely drained, red and yellow-brown, fine sandy soils on level topography; fine sandy to loamy soils in plinthic catena on level topography; duplex soils with reddish subsoils on level topography; duplex and other clayey soils of mainly bottomland sites; and very shallow and rocky soils overlying calcrete and hard rock associated with steeper slopes in places.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Fish and Fisheries in Impoundments in the Upper Orange-Senqu River Basin and Lower Vaal River Basin
    AN ASSESSMENT OF FISH AND FISHERIES IN IMPOUNDMENTS IN THE UPPER ORANGE-SENQU RIVER BASIN AND LOWER VAAL RIVER BASIN Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements in respect of the Doctoral Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Zoology and Entomology in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at the University of the Free State by LEON MARTIN BARKHUIZEN 1 July 2015 Promoters: Prof. O.L.F. Weyl and Prof. J.G. van As Table of contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. ix List of tables ....................................................................................................................................... xii List of figures ....................................................................................................................................... xv List of some acronyms used in text .................................................................................................. xviii Chapter 1 General introduction and thesis outline ...................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 General Literature Review ........................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Accelerating Economic Growth and Development in the Free State
    Accelerating economic grow th and development in the Free State: Framework for a responsive 2004 NO 8 partnership approach towards sustainable economic development in the Free State Accelerating economic growth and development in the Free State: Framework for a responsive partnership approach towards sustainable economic development in the Free State Centre for Development Support (IB 100) University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa www.ufs.ac.za/cds Commissioned by the Premier’s Economic Advisory Council, Free State Province, South Africa Please reference as: Centre for Development Support (CDS). 2004. Accelerating economic growth and development in the Free State: Framework for a responsive partnership approach towards sustainable economic development in the Free State. CDS Research Report, LED and SMME Development, 2004(8). Bloemfontein: University of the Free State (UFS). Executive Summary This report addresses one of the key responsibilities of the Premier’s Economic Advisory Council (PEAC) of the Free State, viz. the development of a comprehensive and coherent economic-development strategy, to enable the achievement of the economic objectives of the Free State Development Plan (FSDP). To underpin this report, the PEAC commissioned a number of research reports, the bulk of which will be released at a later stage in an effort to encourage more in-depth discussion of the different issues. With 10,6 per cent of South Africa’s area, 6,4 per cent of the national population and 4,9 per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the Free State is relatively large in physical area but small in population size and GDP contribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Report-Paul Roux
    Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment for proposed new 1.5 km-long underground sewerage pipeline in Paul Roux, Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality, Free State Province. Report prepared by Paleo Field Services PO Box 38806, Langenhovenpark 9330 16 / 02 / 2020 Summary A heritage impact assessment was carried for a proposed new 1.5 km-long underground sewerage pipeline in Paul Roux in the Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality, Free State Province. The study area is situated on the farm Farm Mary Ann 712, next to the N5 national road covering a section of the Sand River floodplain which is located on the eastern outskirts of Paul Roux . The proposed footprint is underlain by well-developed alluvial and geologically recent overbank sediments of the Sand River. Investigation of exposed alluvial cuttings next to the bridge crossing shows little evidence of intact Quaternary fossil remains. Potentially fossil-bearing Tarkastad Subgroup and younger Molteno Formation strata are exposed to the southwest of the study area. These outcrops will not be impacted by the proposed development. There are no major palaeontological grounds to suspend the proposed development. The study area consists for the most part of open grassland currently used for cattle grazing. The foot survey revealed little evidence of in situ Stone Age archaeological material, capped or distributed as surface scatters on the landscape. There are also no indications of rock art, prehistoric structures or other historical structures or buildings older than 60 years within the vicinity of the study area. A large cemetery is located directly west of the proposed footprint. The modern bridge construction at the Sand River crossing is not considered to be of historical significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Report on Livestock Disease Trends As Informally Reported By
    Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally reported by veterinarians belonging to the Ruminant Veterinary Association of South Africa (RuVASA), a group of the South African Veterinary Association November 2014 The following practices and la boratories (104 ) submitted reports in November 2014: Mpumalanga (10 ) Balfour – dr. Louis van Jaarsveld Bethal – dr. Hardus Pieters Delmas – dr. Johan Jooste Grootvlei – dr. Neels van Wyk Lydenburg – drs. Trümpelmann and Steyn Nelspruit – dr. André Beyte ll Middelburg – drs. Fourie and Rabie Piet Retief - drs. Niebuhr and Weber Standerton – dr. Kobie Kroon Volksrust – dr. André Visser Gauteng (5 ) Bapsfontein – dr. Evert Olivier Bronkhorstspruit – drs. De Bruin, De Bruin, Rudolph and Slabber Nigel – dr. Cindy van der Westhuizen Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital – proff. Annandale, Prozesky, Shakespeare, drs. Blignaut, Carrington, Gratwick, Grobler, Harmse, Holm and O’Dell Pretoria – dr. Hanneke Pienaar Limpopo (6 ) Bela - Bela – drs. Du Toit, Hans en, Bester and Herbst Lephalale (Ellisras) – dr. Brigitte Luck Machado (Louis Trichardt) – drs. Harris, Klopper and Jacobs Mokopane (Potgietersrus) - dr. Henk Visser Polokwane (Pietersburg) – drs. Watson, Viljoen, J ansen Van Vuuren, Van Rooyen, Snyman a nd Cremona Vaalwater - dr. Hampie van Staden North West (7 ) Brits – drs. Boshoff and Coertze Christiana - dr. Pieter Nel Leeudoringstad - dr. Ian Jonker Rustenburg – drs. Gaigher, Grobler, Sparks, Van Egdom, Van Rooyen, Goosen and Van Rensburg Schweizer - Reneke - dr. N.J. Heyns Stella - dr. Magdaleen Vosser Ventersdorp – dr. Olof Marais Free State (21 ) Bloemfontein - dr. Stephan Wessels Bothaville – dr. Johan Blaauw Bultfontein – dr. Santjie Pieterse Clocolan – drs. Marwick and Wasserman Dewetsdorp – dr. Marike Badenhorst Ficksburg – dr. Woody Kotze Frankfort - drs. Lessing, Cilliers and Janse van Rensburg Harrismith - drs.
    [Show full text]
  • Early History of South Africa
    THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Libraries in the Free State
    Department of Sport, Arts, Culture & Recreation Directorate Library and Archive Services PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN THE FREE STATE MOTHEO DISTRICT NAME OF FRONTLINE TYPE OF LEVEL OF TOWN/STREET/STREET STAND GPS COORDINATES SERVICES RENDERED SPECIAL SERVICES AND SERVICE STANDARDS POPULATION SERVED CONTACT DETAILS REGISTERED PERIODICALS AND OFFICE FRONTLINE SERVICE NUMBER NUMBER PROGRAMMES CENTER/OFFICE MANAGER MEMBERS NEWSPAPERS AVAILABLE IN OFFICE LIBRARY: (CHARTER) Bainsvlei Public Library Public Library Library Boerneef Street, P O Information and Reference Library hours: 446 142 Ms K Niewoudt Tel: (051) 5525 Car SA Box 37352, Services Ma-Tue, Thu-Fri: 10:00- (Metro) 446-3180 Fair Lady LANGENHOVENPARK, Outreach Services 17:00 Fax: (051) 446-1997 Finesse BLOEMFONTEIN, 9330 Electronic Books Wed: 10:00-18:00 karien.nieuwoudt@mangau Hoezit Government Info Services Sat: 8:30-12:00 ng.co.za Huisgenoot Study Facilities Prescribed books of tertiary Idees Institutions Landbouweekblad Computer Services: National Geographic Internet Access Rapport Word Processing Rooi Rose SA Garden and Home SA Sports Illustrated Sarie The New Age Volksblad Your Family Bloemfontein City Public Library Library c/o 64 Charles Information and Reference Library hours: 443 142 Ms Mpumie Mnyanda 6489 Library Street/West Burger St, P Services Ma-Tue, Thu-Fri: 10:00- (Metro) 051 405 8583 Africa Geographic O Box 1029, Outreach Services 17:00 Architect and Builder BLOEMFONTEIN, 9300 Electronic Books Wed: 10:00-18:00 Tel: (051) 405-8583 Better Homes and Garden n Government Info
    [Show full text]
  • 147 Reports December 2020
    147 reports December 2020 Internal parasites Intestinal Roundworms (December 2020) jkccff Balfour, Grootvlei, Lydenburg, Middelburg, Nelspruit, Piet Retief, Standerton, Bapsfontein, Bronkhorstspruit, Hammanskraal, Magaliesburg, Nigel, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Rayton, Makhado, Brits, Christiana, Potchefstroom, Ventersdorp, Zeerust, Bloemfontein, Bultfontein, Clocolan, Dewetsdorp, Ficksburg, Frankfort, Hertzogville, Hoopstad, Kroonstad, Oranjeville, Reitz, Senekal, Viljoenskroon, Warden, Winburg, Camperdown, Eshowe, Estcourt, Mtubatuba, Pietermaritzburg, Cradock, Graaff-Reinet, Humansdorp, Witelsbos, Caledon, George, Heidelberg, Riversdale, Stellenbosch, Vredenburg, Wellington, Colesberg, Kimberley Internal parasites – Resistant roundworms (December 2020) jkccff Pretoria, Bloemfontein, Hoopstad, Reitz, Eshowe, Underberg x Internal parasites – Tapeworms (December 2020)jkccff Balfour, Middelburg, Nelspruit, Standerton, Bapsfontein, Magaliesburg, Pretoria, Polokwane, Bloemfontein, Clocolan, Kroonstad, Memel, Reitz, Underberg, Graaff-Reinet, Humansdorp 00 Internal parasites – Tapeworms Cysticercosis (measles) (December 2020) jkccff Volksrust, Bronkhorstspruit, Mokopane, George, Paarl, Kimberley 00 Internal parasites – Liver fluke worms (December 2020)jkccff Bethlehem, Reitz, Winburg, Underberg, George, Malmesbury Internal parasites – Conical fluke (December 2020) jkccff Nigel, Kroonstad, Reitz, Winburg, Pietermaritzburg, Vryheid Internal parasites – Parafilaria (December 2020) jkccff Volksrust, Nigel, Stella, Mtubatuba, Vryheid Blue ticks (December
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment
    Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: A Jeleni, H Mare Date of Issue: November 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective of the study ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Environmental Management Plan for the Merriespruit Slimes Dam Disaster Area
    AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE MERRIESPRUIT SLIMES DAM DISASTER AREA by THEUNIS JOHANNES DUVENHAGE 9605046 MINI-THESIS submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree MASTER IN NATURAL SCIENCES in GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT in the FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY STUDY LEADER: Dr. J.M. Meeuwis JUNE 1998 The Nation is in the position of a man, bequeathed a fortune, has gone on spending it recklessly, never taking the trouble to ask the amount of his inheritance, or how long it is likely to last. National Conservation Commission (1908) Democracy is not a matter of sentiment, but foresight. Any system that doesn't take the long run into account will burn itself out in the short run. Charles Yost, The Age of Triumph and Frustration Acknowledgements My thanks to my parents for supporting me through the initial part of the study; my wife for helping me seeing it through, Frik Senekal for the printing and design, Annette, Desire and Jacqueline for the typing, Maria de Wet and Virginia Publicity Association for some of the photos, Rob Gillmore at Harmony Gold Mine who took the time to supply me with crucial information. This work is dedicated to the seventeen people who died in the disaster and all the people who helped during the disaster. CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES iii LIST OF TABLES ABSTRACT vi OPSOMMING vii SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Preamble 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Aims and Objective 3 1.4 Methodology 4 1.5 Studies Completed or in Progress 5 SECTION 2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 2.1 What is an Environmental Management Plan? 8 2.2 The EMP Process 9 SECTION 3 PRE-DISASTER AREA 11 3.1 Locality 11 3.2 Climate 12 3.3 Topography 15 3.4 Geology 16 3.5 Soils 17 3.6 Surface water 18 3.7 Sub-surface water 19 3.8 Pans and wetlands 20 3.9 Biotic component 21 3.9.1 Plants 21 3.9.2 Animals 22 11 3.10 Human aspects 23 3.10.1 Infrastructure 23 3.10.2 Land use 23 SECTION 4 POST-DISASTER AREA 25 4.1 Surface water management 25 4.1.1Surface water quality 25 4.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa)
    FREE STATE PROFILE (South Africa) Lochner Marais University of the Free State Bloemfontein, SA OECD Roundtable on Higher Education in Regional and City Development, 16 September 2010 [email protected] 1 Map 4.7: Areas with development potential in the Free State, 2006 Mining SASOLBURG Location PARYS DENEYSVILLE ORANJEVILLE VREDEFORT VILLIERS FREE STATE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT VILJOENSKROON KOPPIES CORNELIA HEILBRON FRANKFORT BOTHAVILLE Legend VREDE Towns EDENVILLE TWEELING Limited Combined Potential KROONSTAD Int PETRUS STEYN MEMEL ALLANRIDGE REITZ Below Average Combined Potential HOOPSTAD WESSELSBRON WARDEN ODENDAALSRUS Agric LINDLEY STEYNSRUST Above Average Combined Potential WELKOM HENNENMAN ARLINGTON VENTERSBURG HERTZOGVILLE VIRGINIA High Combined Potential BETHLEHEM Local municipality BULTFONTEIN HARRISMITH THEUNISSEN PAUL ROUX KESTELL SENEKAL PovertyLimited Combined Potential WINBURG ROSENDAL CLARENS PHUTHADITJHABA BOSHOF Below Average Combined Potential FOURIESBURG DEALESVILLE BRANDFORT MARQUARD nodeAbove Average Combined Potential SOUTPAN VERKEERDEVLEI FICKSBURG High Combined Potential CLOCOLAN EXCELSIOR JACOBSDAL PETRUSBURG BLOEMFONTEIN THABA NCHU LADYBRAND LOCALITY PLAN TWEESPRUIT Economic BOTSHABELO THABA PATSHOA KOFFIEFONTEIN OPPERMANSDORP Power HOBHOUSE DEWETSDORP REDDERSBURG EDENBURG WEPENER LUCKHOFF FAURESMITH houses JAGERSFONTEIN VAN STADENSRUST TROMPSBURG SMITHFIELD DEPARTMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT & HOUSING PHILIPPOLIS SPRINGFONTEIN Arid SPATIAL PLANNING DIRECTORATE ZASTRON SPATIAL INFORMATION SERVICES ROUXVILLE BETHULIE
    [Show full text]