TSWELOPELE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2016/2017 CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND 1 1.1 WHAT IS THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK? 1 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE SDF 2 1.3 LINK BETWEEN THE SDF AND THE IDP 2 1.4 MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES ACT, 1998 (ACT 117 OF 1998) 3 1.5 MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT (MSA), ACT NO.32 OF 2000 3 2. GOVERNANCE AND LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATIONS 4 2.1 NATIONAL POLICY 4 2.1.1 Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA), Act 16 Of 2013 5 2.1.2 Aims and Objectives of SPLUMA regarding SDFS 5 2.1.3 Integrated Urban Development Framework (IUDF) 7 2.1.4 Regional Industrial Development Strategy (RIDS) 10 2.1.5 Comprehensive Rural Development Program (2006) (CRDP) 11 2.2 PROVINCIAL POLICY 13 2.2.1 Free State Provincial Growth Development Strategy 13 2.3 DISTRICT POLICY 15 2.3.1 Lejweleputswa District Spatial Development Framework (LDSDF) 2015/16 15 2.4 MUNICIPAL POLICY 16 2.4.1 Draft IDP 2016/2017 16 2.4.2 Tswelopele Local Municipality: Municipal Land Use Planning By-laws 16 2.5.3 Tswelopele Local Municipality: Municipal Planning Tribunal 17 3. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE MUNICIPALITY 18 3.1 LOCATION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 18 3.1.1 Tswelopele 18 3.1.2 Bultfontein/Phahameng 18 3.1.3 Hoopstad/Tikwana 18 4. URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND HIERARCHY 21 4.1 HIERARCHY AND ROLE OF THE SETTLEMENTS 21 4.1.1 Hoopstad 21 4.1.2 Bultfontein 22 4.2 TRANSPORTATION 24 4.2.1 Major Road and Rail Routes 24 4.3 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 26 4.3.1 Agricultural Water Supply 26 4.3.2 Urban Water Supplies 26 4.4 WASTE WATER TREATMENT (SANITATION) 27 4.5 LANDFILL 27 4.6 ENERGY 27 4.7 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 28 4.8 HOUSING 28 4.9 LAND OWNERSHIP 31 4.10 VACANT LAND 34 4.11 TOURISM 34 5. BIO-PHYSICAL 42 5.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND CATCHMENT LOCATION 42 5.2 CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTIONS 42 5.3 AIR QUALITY 43 5.4 LAND COVER AND LAND USE 43 5.5 LAND CAPABILITY 43 5.6 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION STATUS 43 5.7 CONDITION OF RIVERS WITHIN TSWELOPELE (SANBI, 2011A) 44 5.8 CONDITION OF WETLANDS WITHIN TSWELOPELE (SANBI, 2011B) 44 5.9 TEMPERATURE 45 5.10 RAINFALL 45 5.11 WIND 45 5.12 WATER RESOURCES (HYDROLOGY) 46 5.13 CONSERVATION AND HERITAGE 49 5.14 CONSERVATION 50 5.15 HERITAGE SITES 50 5.16 AGRICULTURE 52 5.17 BUILDING MATERIALS AND MINING 52 6. ABUTTING LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES 55 6.1 TOKOLOGO LOCAL MUNICIPAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55 6.2 NALA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55 6.3 MASILONYANA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55 6.4 MATJHABENG SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 55 7. DEMOGRAPHICS 58 7.1 POPULATION 58 7.2 AGE AND GENDER DISTRIBUTION 59 7.3 POPULATION GROWTH AND MIGRATION 59 7.3.1 Growth rate 59 7.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC 60 7.4.1 Employment Status 60 7.4.2 Main Economic Sectors 61 7.4.3 Manufacturing 61 7.4.4 Economic Contribution 62 7.5 SOCIAL SERVICES 62 7.5.1 Education Profile 62 7.5.2 Health facilities 64 8. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS BY SECTOR DEPARTMENTS 66 9. THE PROPOSED SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 72 9.1 BULTFONTEIN/PHAHAMENG 72 9.2 HOOPSTAD/TIKWANA 73 Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 WHAT IS THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK? The spatial management of growth in urban and rural environments due to rapid urbanisation rates and the subsequent impact on resources was previously done through the Guide Plans and Structure plans. These took the form of rather inflexible master plans which were underpinned by the principles of discrimination and separate development. The new democratic government, post 1994, adopted a new system of spatial planning described in principle in the Development Facilitation Act and Municipal Systems Act. This new system had two components to it. The first was an indicative plan or Spatial Development Framework (SDF) that was intended to show desired patterns of land use, directions for future growth, indicate the alignment of Urban Edges, and depict other special development areas. The impact of SDFs is limited to providing policy to guide and informing land development and management. They do not change or confer real rights on land. The second component is the Land Use Management System (LUMS). This is similar to a town planning or zoning scheme. In many instances where they haven’t been replaced or repealed these still take the place of LUMS. In contrast to SDF’s LUMS have a binding effect on the development rights attributed to land and confer real rights on properties. Because development in Municipalities is dynamic and responds to changing socio-economic and environmental circumstances, it is impossible to predict the exact requirements of development rights in every instance, therefore, LUMS may be amended from time to time to take into account these changing circumstances. This is normally achieved through the processing of rezonings, subdivisions and removal of title deed restrictions applications. It is in these instances where SDF’s play an important role in guiding appropriate future change and helping to guide motivations as to the need and desirability, or not, of proposed land use changes. Within the limitations of a SDF as laid down by the Local Government Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000) i.e. that it should be a guiding and informing document and does not confer real rights on land, it is intended that the SDF should be a binding document endorsed by the Municipal Council. Without this endorsement it will be difficult for the recommendations to have any meaningful impact on future development patterns. Department of Co-operative Gover4nance and Traditional Affairs 1 Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE SDF The main purpose of the SDF is to guide the form and location of future physical development within a municipal area in order to address the imbalances of the past. The urban environments of South Africa are characterized by unsustainable urban forms, which have been shaped by Apartheid planning that was integrally linked to blueprint or “master” planning. Government realized that these inequalities needed to be addressed and adopted a new system of spatial planning. The new system requires every municipality to have an indicative plan (SDF) showing desired patterns of land use, directions of growth, may delineate urban edges, indicate special development areas and conservation-worthy areas as well as a scheme (Land Use Management System) recording the land use and development rights and restrictions applicable to each erf in the municipality. The former has a legal effect of guiding and informing land development and management and the latter has a binding effect on land development and management. 1.3 LINK BETWEEN THE SDF AND THE IDP The Spatial Development Framework is not an isolated document that guides development within a Munipality however it is aligned with the Integrated Development Plan and the Budget of a munipality. The integrated development plan phases its projects and dynamics of Municipal planning and compliance on an annual basis whereby the Spatial Development Framework is 5year spatial planning that guides and the planning, growth and development therefore the Spatial Development framework becomes the spatial vision and representation of the Integrated Development Framework. Tswelopele Local Municipality’s Integrated Development Plan is also aligned with relevant sector plan / frameworkds that deals holistically with the development and infrastructure pattern that are linked with the annual budget as well as development project of the Municipality. It is crucial that the the Integrated Development Plan and the Spatial Development Framework be aligned not only with the development of the Municipality but also with the strategic document of the district, Provincial and National government in order to impact meaningfully on future and planned development patterns. NATIONAL SDP FREE STATE SDF 1 MOTHEO LEJWELEPUTSWA XHARIEP 2 DISTRICT SDF DISTRICT SDF DISTRICT SDF MASILONYANA TSWELOPELE TOKOLOGO 3 detail of level Increasing SDF MUNICIPAL SDF SDF Department of Co-operative Gover4nance and Traditional Affairs 2 Tswelopele Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2016/2017 1.4 MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES ACT, 1998 (ACT 117 OF 1998) A municipality has the functions and powers assigned to it in terms of Sections 156 and 229of the Constitution. The Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (MSTA) assigns and divides powersand functions to and between district and local municipalities.Section 83(3) of the MSTA requires that district municipalities “… must seek to achieve integrated, sustainable and equitable social and economic development of its area …” by ensuring integrated development planning for the entire district.Section 84(1) of the MSTA assigns powers and functions to district municipalities thatinclude, inter alia: Integrated development planning for the district municipality as a whole, including a framework for integrated development plans for the local municipalities within the area of the district municipality, taking into account the integrated development plans of those local municipalities; Bulk supply of water, sewerage, electricity and solid waste disposal; Municipal roads that form an integral part of a road transport system for the area of the district municipality as a whole; The establishment, conduct and control of cemeteries and crematoria serving the district as a whole; Promotion of local tourism for the area of the district municipality; The aforementioned powers and the exercise of such powers by the District Municipality, have an impact on the spatial development pattern of the district municipal area as a whole, as well as the spatial development pattern of local municipal areas within the district municipal area.