DOCSLIB.ORG

Women's Political Participation and Representation in Asia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

iwanaga The ability of a small elite of highly educated, upper-class Asian women’s political women to obtain the highest political positions in their country is unmatched elsewhere in the world and deserves study. But, for participation and those interested in a more detailed understanding of how women representation strive and sometimes succeed as political actors in Asia, there is a women’s marked lack of relevant research as well as of comprehensive and in asia user-friendly texts. Aiming to fill the gap is this timely and important study of the various obstacles and opportunities for women’s political Obstacles and Challenges participation and representation in Asia. Even though it brings political together a diverse array of prominent European and Asian academicians and researchers working in this field, it is nonetheless a singularly coherent, comprehensive and accessible volume. Edited by Kazuki Iwanaga The book covers a wide range of Asian countries, offers original data from various perspectives and engages the latest research on participation women in politics in Asia. It also aims to put the Asian situation in a global context by making a comparison with the situation in Europe. This is a volume that will be invaluable in women’s studies internationally and especially in Asia. a nd representation representation i n asia www.niaspress.dk Iwanaga-2_cover.indd 1 4/2/08 14:23:36 WOMEN’S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION IN ASIA Kazuki_prels.indd 1 12/20/07 3:27:44 PM WOMEN AND POLITICS IN ASIA Series Editors: Kazuki Iwanaga (Halmstad University) and Qi Wang (Oslo University) Women and Politics in Thailand Continuity and Change Edited by Kazuki Iwanaga Women’s Political Participation and Representation in Asia Obstacles and Challenges Edited by Kazuki Iwanaga Kazuki_prels.indd 2 12/20/07 3:27:44 PM Women’s Political Participation and Representation in Asia Obstacles and Challenges Edited by Kazuki Iwanaga Kazuki_prels.indd 3 12/20/07 3:27:44 PM Women and Politics in Asia series, No. 2 First published in 2008 by NIAS Press NIAS – Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Leifsgade 33, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark tel (+45) 3532 9501 • fax (+45) 3532 9549 email: [email protected] • website: www.niaspress.dk © NIAS – Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 2008 All rights reserved. While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, copyright in the individual papers belongs to their authors. No paper may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of the author or publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Women’s political participation and representation in Asia : obstacles and challenges. - (Women and politics in Asia ; 2) 1. Women in politics - Asia 2. Women politicians - Asia I. Iwanaga, Kazuki II. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 305.4’332’095 ISBN: 978-87-7694-016-4 Typeset by NIAS Press Produced by SRM Production Services Sdn Bhd and printed in Malaysia Kazuki_prels.indd 4 12/20/07 3:27:45 PM CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms • ix Contributors • xiii Preface • xvii 1 Kazuki Iwanaga Introduction Women and Politics in Asia: A Comparative Perspective • 1 2 Andrea Fleschenberg Asia’s Women Politicians at the Top: Roaring Tigresses or Tame Kittens? • 23 3 Jude Howell Gender and Rural Governance in China • 55 4 Lichun Chiang Women as Agents of Change in Legislation in Taiwan • 81 5 Kazuki Iwanaga Women’s Political Representation in Japan • 101 6 Won-Hong Kim South Korean Women’s Political Status and Future Challenges • 130 7 Trudy Jacobsen Beyond Apsara: Women, Tradition and Trajectories in Cambodian Politics • 149 v Kazuki_prels.indd 5 12/20/07 3:27:45 PM 8 Kazuki Iwanaga Women in Thai Politics • 173 9 Lourdes Veneracion-Rallonza Women and the Democracy Project: A Feminist Take on Women’s Political Participation in the Philippines • 210 10 Anula Attanayake Elitism in Women’s Political Participation in Sri Lanka within a South Asian Context • 253 11 Kamal Uddin Ahmed Women and Politics in Bangladesh • 276 12 Drude Dahlerup Gender Quotas in Politics: Empowerment from Above or from Below? • 297 Index • 311 Tables 2.1 Socio-political data of countries with female political leadership (as of 2004) • 28–29 2.2 Gender-related data of countries with female political leadership (as of 2004) • 30 2.3 Biographical data of Asia’s female political leaders • 32–33 2.4 Electoral performance of top Asian woman politicians (in 2004) • 42 2.5 Female political representation in countries with elections (in 2004) • 43 2.6 Female political representation according to ranking of Inter- Parliamentary Union (IPU) • 44 2.7 Parliamentary gender ratio in 1975 and 1998 (% of women) • 47 4.1 Percentage of women in the legislative Yuan in Taiwan • 82 4.2 Theoretical foundations • 87 4.3 Total frequencies of speeches in the 4th legislature in Taiwan • 92 4.4 Reasons for speaking for children/health policies in Taiwan • 93 vi Kazuki_prels.indd 6 12/20/07 3:27:45 PM 4.5 Reasons for speaking for education policies in Taiwan • 94 4.6 Reasons for crime protection policies in Taiwan • 95 4.7 Reasons for foreign/military policies in Taiwan • 96 4.8 Reasons for economic policies in Taiwan • 97 4.9 Main reasons for speaking policies in the 4th Taiwan legislative Yuan • 98 6.1 Number of eligible voters and actual votes during the previous presidential elections • 133 6.2 Number of eligible voters and actual voters in the national assembly elections • 134 6.3 Rate of females elected in previous elections • 136 6.4 Number of females elected in basic local assembly elections in 1991, 1995, 1998 and 2002 • 138 6.5 Number of females elected in Broad District Assembly elections in 1991, 1995, 1998 and 2002 • 138 6.6 Comparison of current and suggested electoral systems • 143 8.1 Bills initiated by both female and male legislators in the house of representatives from the beginning of the Thaksin government to September 2003 • 186 9.1 Number of women in the Philippine senate and house of representatives, 1946–1987 • 225 9.2 Women elected to public office: executive branch: national • 226 9.3 Women elected to public office: legislative branch: national • 226 9.4 Women elected to public office: executive and legislative positions at the local government levels • 227 9.5 Data and women-related bills filed in the bicameral legislature: comparison of the 11th and 12th congress • 232 9.6 Categories of women-related bills filed in the bicameral legislature: summary between the 11th and 12th Congresses • 233 9.7 Tabulation of women-related legislations passed into law: from the 8th to the 12th Congresses, by categories • 235 10.1 Gender inequality in education • 256 vii Kazuki_prels.indd 7 12/20/07 3:27:45 PM 10.2 Country rankings by Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) • 260 10.3 Woman’s political participation by country • 266 10.4 GDI and GEM rates in South Asia • 267 11.1 Women in national parliaments in selected countries • 282 11.2 Elected women’s members to the Bangladesh parliament (1973–2003) • 286 11.3 Elected women chairpersons to the Union Parishad of Bangladesh • 288 11.4 Female members in the party hierarchy of major parties in Bangladesh • 290 12.1 The top of the world rank order: parliaments with more than 30 per cent women • 307 Figures 2.1 Women presidents and prime ministers by region (1994–2004) • 26 2.2 Women presidents and prime ministers by development level (1945–2004) • 27 9.1 Trending of Filipino voters’ turnout rates by sex (1947–2001) • 224 9.2 Trending of women elected to public office: bicameral legislature • 226 9.3 Trending women elected to public office: executive and legislative positions at the local government levels • 228 9.4 Trending of women elected to public office: executive and legislative branches: national and local elections, 1987–2004 • 230 9.5 Women in national legislature vis á vis pro-women laws: from the 8th to the 12th Congresses • 234 viii Kazuki_prels.indd 8 12/21/07 3:34:18 PM ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACWF All-China Women’s Federation ADB Asian Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AL Awami League AMEND Alliance of Migrant Workers and Advocates to Amend RA 8042 ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslims Mindanao ASG Abu Sayyaf Group AWAR E Alliance of Women for Action towards Reconciliation AWIT Association of Women in Theology BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BNP Bangladesh Nationalist Party BNWLA Bangladesh National Women’s Lawyer Association BPFA Beijing Platform for Action CAR Cordillera Administrative Region CCP Communist Party of China CEDAW Convention Against the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CIA Central Intelligence Agency CLD Center for Legislative Development COMELEC Commission on Elections CORIS Transparency International’s (TI) Corruption Online Research and Information System CP Communist Party ix Kazuki_prels.indd 9 12/20/07 3:27:46 PM Women’s Political Participation and Representation in Asia CPK Cambodia’s Communist Party CPP Cambodian People’s Party CWR Center for Women’s Resources DK Democratic Kampuchea DP Democratic Party DPP Democratic Progressive Party DVD Digital Video Disc EDSA Epifanio de los Santos Avenue EO Executive Order EPZ Export Processing Zones EU European Union FHI Freedom House Index PFP People First Party FPTP First past the post FUNCINPEC National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia GABRIELA General Assembly Binding Women for Reforms, Equality, Leadership and Action GAD Gender and Development GB Great Britain GDI Gender Development
Recommended publications
  • Question of Gender

    Question of Gender

    Gender • Cultura-l Studies Butler a- n d “a- rema-rka-ble collection enga-ging with the work of one Weed of the most rema-rka-ble thinkers of our time.” —Bonnie Smith, Rutgers University “This richly stimula-ting book . demonstra-tes in ka-leido- scopic deta-il how feminist thought ha-s come of a-ge.” The —Leonore Davidoff, University of Essex The A generation after the publication of Joan W. Scott’s influential essay, “Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis,” this volume explores the current uses of the term—and Question the ongoing influence of Scott’s agenda-setting work in history and other disciplines. How has the study of gender, independently or in conjunction with other axes of difference— Question of Gender such as race, class, and sexuality—inflected existing fields of study and created new ones? To what extent has this concept modified or been modified by related paradigms such as women’s and queer studies? With what discursive politics does the term engage, and with of Gender what effects? In what settings, and through what kinds of operations and transforma- tions, can gender remain a useful category in the twenty-first century? Leading scholars from history, philosophy, literature, art history, and other fields examine how gender has translated into their own disciplinary perspectives. Joa-n W. Scott’s Contributors Janis Bergman-Carton Éric Fassin Elora Shehabuddin Critica-l Feminism Wendy Brown Lynne Huffer Mary D. Sheriff Judith Butler Mary Louise Roberts Mrinalini Sinha Miguel A. Cabrera Gayle Salamon Elizabeth Weed Mary Ann Doane JUDITH BUTLER is Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Com- parative Literature and Co-director of the Program of Critical Theory at the University of California, Berkeley.
  • Hong Kong SAR

    Hong Kong SAR

    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
  • Transportation History of the Philippines

    Transportation History of the Philippines

    Transportation history of the Philippines This article describes the various forms of transportation in the Philippines. Despite the physical barriers that can hamper overall transport development in the country, the Philippines has found ways to create and integrate an extensive transportation system that connects the over 7,000 islands that surround the archipelago, and it has shown that through the Filipinos' ingenuity and creativity, they have created several transport forms that are unique to the country. Contents • 1 Land transportation o 1.1 Road System 1.1.1 Main highways 1.1.2 Expressways o 1.2 Mass Transit 1.2.1 Bus Companies 1.2.2 Within Metro Manila 1.2.3 Provincial 1.2.4 Jeepney 1.2.5 Railways 1.2.6 Other Forms of Mass Transit • 2 Water transportation o 2.1 Ports and harbors o 2.2 River ferries o 2.3 Shipping companies • 3 Air transportation o 3.1 International gateways o 3.2 Local airlines • 4 History o 4.1 1940s 4.1.1 Vehicles 4.1.2 Railways 4.1.3 Roads • 5 See also • 6 References • 7 External links Land transportation Road System The Philippines has 199,950 kilometers (124,249 miles) of roads, of which 39,590 kilometers (24,601 miles) are paved. As of 2004, the total length of the non-toll road network was reported to be 202,860 km, with the following breakdown according to type: • National roads - 15% • Provincial roads - 13% • City and municipal roads - 12% • Barangay (barrio) roads - 60% Road classification is based primarily on administrative responsibilities (with the exception of barangays), i.e., which level of government built and funded the roads.
  • Travel Give Into Your Wanderlust 广告

    Travel Give Into Your Wanderlust 广告

    广告 July 2020 Plus: A Beijing Family Scavenger Hunt Insider Knowledge: Put Your Trust in Beijing’s Best Local Tour Guides and Really Explore The City You Call Home Travel Give Into Your Wanderlust 广告 July 2020 Plus: A Beijing Family Scavenger Hunt Insider Knowledge: Put Your Trust in Beijing’s Best Local Tour Guides and Really Explore The City You Call Home Travel Give Into Your Wanderlust WOMEN OF CHINA WOMEN July 2020 PRICE: RMB¥10.00 US$10 Plus: A Beijing Family Scavenger O Hunt 《中国妇女》 Insider Knowledge: Put Your Trust in Beijing’s Beijing’s essential international family resource resource family international essential Beijing’s Best Local Tour Guides and Really Explore The City You Call Home 国际标准刊号：ISSN 1000-9388 国内统一刊号：CN 11-1704/C July 2020 July Travel Give Into Your Wanderlust 广告 广告 WOMEN OF CHINA English Monthly Editors 编辑 Advertising 广告 《中 国 妇 女》英 文 月 刊 GU WENTONG 顾文同 LIU BINGBING 刘兵兵 WANG SHASHA 王莎莎 HE QIUJU 何秋菊 编辑顾问 Sponsored and administrated by Editorial Consultant Program 项目 All-China Women's Federation ROBERT MILLER（Canada） ZHANG GUANFANG 张冠芳 罗 伯 特·米 勒（ 加 拿 大） 中华全国妇女联合会主管/主办 Published by Layout 设计 ACWF Internet Information and Deputy Director of Reporting Department FANG HAIBING 方海兵 Communication Center (Women's Foreign 信息采集部（记者部）副主任 Language Publications of China) LI WENJIE 李文杰 Legal Adviser 法律顾问 全国妇联网络信息传播中心 Reporters 记者 HUANG XIANYONG 黄显勇 （中 国 妇 女 外 文 期 刊 社）出 版 ZHANG JIAMIN 张佳敏 YE SHAN 叶珊 Publishing Date: July 15, 2020 International Distribution 国外发行 FAN WENJUN 樊文军 本期出版时间：2020年7月15日 China International Book Trading Corporation
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11
  • Woman Scorned?: Resurrecting Infertile Women's Decision- Making Autonomy

    Woman Scorned?: Resurrecting Infertile Women's Decision- Making Autonomy

    Maurer School of Law: Indiana University Digital Repository @ Maurer Law Articles by Maurer Faculty Faculty Scholarship 2012 Woman Scorned?: Resurrecting Infertile Women's Decision- Making Autonomy Jody L. Madeira Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub Part of the Health Law and Policy Commons, and the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Madeira, Jody L., "Woman Scorned?: Resurrecting Infertile Women's Decision-Making Autonomy" (2012). Articles by Maurer Faculty. 1309. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/1309 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by Maurer Faculty by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maryland Law Review VOLUME 71 2012 NUMBER 2 @ Copyright Maryland Law Review 2012 Articles WOMAN SCORNED?: RESURRECTING INFERTILE WOMEN'S DECISION-MAKING AUTONOMY JODY LYNEE MADEIRA ABSTRACT Legal scholarship portrays women as reproductive decision makers in conflicting ways. The distinctions between depictions of infertile women and women considering abortion are particularly striking. A woman seeking infertility treatment, even one who faces no legal obstacles, is often portrayed as so emotionally distraught and despe- rate that her ability to give informed consent is potentially compro- mised. Yet, the legal academy has roundly rejected similar stereo- types of pregnant women considering abortion, depicting them as confident and competent decision makers. This Article argues that legal scholars' use of a "desperate woman" stereotype denies women's ability to critically assess the health risks and life benefits offertility treatments, particularlywhen similar stereotypes have been met with scorn in the abortion context.
  • Sec Form 20-Is Information Statement Pursuant to Section 20 of the Securities Regulation Code

    Sec Form 20-Is Information Statement Pursuant to Section 20 of the Securities Regulation Code

    ANNUAL REPORT 2010 FINANCIAL SUMMARY (In Million Pesos) 2007 2008 2009 % change Re-presented* Re-presented* (‘09 vs ‘08) For the Year Revenues 31,205 35,862 46,230 29% Operating Profit Operating profit from ordinary activities 2,902 2,340 7,527 222% Equity in net earnings of associates 3,987 3,625 4,322 19% Other income (charges) 1,178 309 (688) -323% Income before income tax 8,068 6,275 11,160 78% Provision for income tax (1,212) (978) (1,206) 23% Income before minority interest 6,856 5,297 9,955 88% Minority interest (1,035) (1,176) (1,648) Net income attributable to Equity Holders of the parent 5,821 4,121 8,307 102% At Year End Total Assets 65,908 75,715 143,281 89% Total Liabilities 18,812 29,059 88,639 205% Minority Interest 8,811 8,861 9,945 12% Equity Attributable to Equity Holders of the Parent 38,285 37,795 44,697 18% EBITDA 9,387 8,607 15,639 82% Per Share (in pesos) Earnings 1.02 0.73 1.49 104% Book Value 6.72 6.78 8.09 19% Cash Dividend (Common) 0.20 0.61 0.27 -56% Financial Ratios Current Ratio 2.42 1.90 0.79 Debt-to-Equity Ratio 0.40 0.62 1.62 Net Debt-to-Equity Ratio (0.14) 0.08 1.28 * Dec 2007 and 2008 Profit & Loss figures now consider the revenues & expenses of the ATS disposal group due to the aborted ATS sale in 2009.
  • The Origins and Development of Taiwan's Policies Toward The

    The Origins and Development of Taiwan's Policies Toward The

    The Origins and Development of Taiwan’s Policies toward the Overseas Citizens’ Participation in Homeland Governance and Decision-Making Dean P. Chen, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Political Science Ramapo College of New Jersey Presentations for the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law Stanford University February 28, 2014 How International Relations (IR) Theories Matter? • Second-image reversed (Peter Gourevitch, 1978) – International systemic changes affect domestic politics – Domestic political actors and institutions filter the effects of international conditions, resulting in changes of interests, coalitions, norms, ideas, identities and policies • Constructivist theory of argumentative persuasion (Thomas Risse, 2000) – Interests and identities can be changed through the social interactive processes of argumentation, deliberation, and persuasion Main Argument • The Republic of China (ROC)/Taiwan’s policies toward overseas constituents have always been closely aligned with the government’s diplomatic objectives – From KMT’s pan-Chinese nationalism to Taiwan’s desire for a greater international space and political autonomy • Transformations of international politics inevitably shape the domestic political situations in ROC/Taiwan, which, then, impact policies toward the overseas community • Despite facing a rising People’s Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan’s democratization and rising Taiwanese consciousness have fostered a new set of identities, interests, and arguments that compete with Beijing’s “one China” principle
  • An Analysis of Online Discursive Battle of Shahbag Protest 2013 in Bangladesh

    An Analysis of Online Discursive Battle of Shahbag Protest 2013 in Bangladesh

    SEXISM IN ‘ONLINE WAR’: AN ANALYSIS OF ONLINE DISCURSIVE BATTLE OF SHAHBAG PROTEST 2013 IN BANGLADESH By Nasrin Khandoker Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Gender Studies. Supervisor: Professor Elissa Helms Budapest, Hungary 2014 CEU eTD Collection I Abstract This research is about the discursive battle between radical Bengali nationalists and the Islamist supporters of accused and convicted war criminals in Bangladesh where the gendered issues are used as weapons. In Bangladesh, the online discursive frontier emerged from 2005 as a continuing battle extending from the 1971 Liberation War when the punishment of war criminals and war rapists became one of the central issues of political and public discourse. This online community emerged with debate about identity contest between the Bengali nationalist ‘pro-Liberation War’ and the ‘Islamist’ supporters of the accused war criminals. These online discourses created the background of Shahbag protest 2013 demanding the capital punishment of one convicted criminal and at the time of the protest, the online community played a significant role in that protest. In this research as a past participant of Shahbag protest, I examined this online discourse and there gendered and masculine expression. To do that I problematized the idea of Bengali and/or Muslim women which is related to the identity contest. I examined that, to protest the misogynist propaganda of Islamist fundamentalists in Bangladesh, feminists and women’s organizations are aligning themselves with Bengali nationalism and thus cannot be critical about the gendered notions of nationalism. I therefore, tried to make a feminist scholarly attempt to be critical of the misogynist and gendered notion of both the Islamists and Bengali nationalists to contribute not only a critical examination of masculine nationalist rhetoric, but will also to problematize that developmentalist feminist approach.
  • The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: an Overview (Full Publication; 5 May

    The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: an Overview (Full Publication; 5 May

    The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people an overview 2011 The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare is Australia’s national health and welfare statistics and information agency. The Institute’s mission is better information and statistics for better health and wellbeing. © Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2011 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Head of the Communications, Media and Marketing Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, GPO Box 570, Canberra ACT 2601. A complete list of the Institute’s publications is available from the Institute’s website <www.aihw.gov.au>. ISBN 978 1 74249 148 6 Suggested citation Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2011. The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, an overview 2011. Cat. no. IHW 42. Canberra: AIHW. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Board Chair Hon. Peter Collins, AM, QC Director David Kalisch Any enquiries about or comments on this publication should be directed to: Communication, Media and Marketing Unit Australian Institute of Health and Welfare GPO Box 570 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone: (02) 6244 1032 Email: [email protected] Published by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Printed by Paragon Printers Australasia Please note that there is the potential for minor revisions of data in this report. Please check the online version at <www.aihw.gov.au> for any amendments.
  • APWLD Herstory 1986-2017 APWLD HERSTORY

    APWLD Herstory 1986-2017 APWLD HERSTORY

    APWLD Herstory 1986-2017 APWLD HERSTORY Published by Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD) 1986-2017 2019 Chiang Mai, Thailand Celebrating over 30 years of advocacy, activism and movement ISBN: 978-616-92225-4-5 building to advance women’s human rights in the Asia Pacific Region Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development 4 5 Writers and editors: Judy M. Taguiwalo and Trimita Chakma Contributors: Sanam Amin, Ya Gan, Marion Cabrera and Prisana Booth Layout designer: Aileen Familara Photos: Margaret Schuler’s website, The Story of Women, Law and Development (https://www.wld-history.net) and APWLD archive. Foreword from APWLD Regional Coordinator Notes from the Editors As I read through the publication, I could not stop picturing the very first Judy Taguiwalo APWLD Member and consultant meeting of our founding members. I felt like I could feel their breath, hear their voices and see their facial expressions as they critically understand, analyse and envision a new feminist future for women in Asia Pacific, and APWLD’s Herstory was initially about documenting the stories collectively chart out feminist strategies to realise that vision. It is very of the organisation’s founding members in time for its 30th clear that APWLD was founded based on the firm feminist principles and anniversary in 2016. But it took almost five years for the project the trust in the power of grassroots, people’s movements and solidarity. I to be completed and the story has expanded beyond the stories of have never realised how radical APWLD’s founding commitment to use the founding mothers.
  • Pivot, Hedger, Or Partner Strategies of Lesser Powers Caught Between Hegemons

    Pivot, Hedger, Or Partner Strategies of Lesser Powers Caught Between Hegemons

    11 Pivot, Hedger, or Partner Strategies of Lesser Powers Caught between Hegemons Yu-Shan Wu Taiwan is strategically situated between the United States and the People’s Repub- lic of China (PRC). It is impossible to understand cross-Strait relations without looking into this global strategic context. Although one may not agree with the pessimistic prediction of the power transition theory, namely that the closing gap between the United States and China will result in a titanic clash between the world’s hegemon and its challenger, it is nevertheless undeniable that the two strongest nations in today’s world have been locked in tense strategic competition. China wants to reclaim its lost central place in the world, a wish that is naturally resisted by today’s hegemon, the United States. This is not to deny that Washing- ton and Beijing collaborate in many aspects of their relationship, such as the fight against international terrorism and their joint efforts to deal with climate change. However, as the capabilities of the two giants are getting closer and closer, the relation is strained, with China understandably striving for an equal say on inter- national affairs and the United States hesitant to grant such status to its challenger. The refusal to give China a voting weight in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that reflects its economic clout is one vivid example, and the competition between the two over the issue of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is another. The main geopolitical fault line for Sino-American competition is found in East Asia. Another great strategic conflict in today’s world is between the West and Russia over Ukraine.