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PLATO AND THE STOICS

Plato was central both to the genesis of Stoic theory and to subsequent debates within the Stoa. These essays provide new and detailed explorations of the complex relationship between Plato and the Greek and Roman Stoic traditions, and together they show the directness and independence with which Stoics examined Plato’s writing. What were the philosophical incen- tives for consulting and then returning to Plato’s dialogues? To what extent did Plato, rather than Xenophon or Antisthenes, control Stoic reconstructions of Socrates’ ethics? What explains the particular focus of Stoic polemic against Plato, and how strong is the evidence for a later reconciliation between Plato and Stoicism? This book will be important for all scholars and advanced students interested in the relationship between a major philosopher and one of the most important philosophical movements.

a.g. long is Lecturer in Classics at the University of St Andrews. His other books are Conversation and Self-Sufficiency in Plato (2013) and a translation, with David Sedley, of Plato: Meno and Phaedo (2010) for Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy.

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04059-5 - Plato and the Stoics Edited by A.G. Long Frontmatter More information

PLATO AND THE STOICS

edited by A.G. LONG

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04059-5 - Plato and the Stoics Edited by A.G. Long Frontmatter More information

University Printing House, Cambridge cb28bs, United Kingdom

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107040595 © Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 Printed in the United Kingdom by CPI Group Ltd, Croydon CR04YY A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library isbn 978-1-107-04059-5 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

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Contents

List of contributors page vi List of abbreviations vii

Introduction 1 a.g. long 1. Cardinal virtues: a contested Socratic inheritance 11 malcolm schofield 2. The Academy, the Stoics and Cicero on Plato’s Timaeus 29 g. reydams-schils 3. Chrysippus and Plato on the fragility of the head 59 jenny bryan 4. Plato and the Stoics on limits, parts and wholes 80 paul scade 5. Subtexts, connections and open opposition 106 a. g. long 6. Seneca against Plato: Letters 58 and 65 128 george boys-stones 7. Theôria and scholê in Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius: Platonic, Stoic or Socratic? 147 thomas be´ natouı¨l

Bibliography 174 Index of names and subjects 186 Index of passages 189

v

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Contributors

thomas be´ natouı¨l, Professor of Ancient Philosophy at Université Lille 3 george boys-stones, Professor of Ancient Philosophy at Durham University jenny bryan, Lecturer in Classical Philosophy at University College London a. g. long, Lecturer in Classics at the University of St Andrews g. reydams-schils, Professor, Program of Liberal Studies, with concurrent appointments in Philosophy and Theology, University of Notre Dame paul scade, Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy, Istanbul Sehir University malcolm schofield, Emeritus Professor of Ancient Philosophy at the University of Cambridge

vi

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Abbreviations

The English translation of the title, or of part of the title, is provided if the translation is used in the volume. Alexander of Aphrodisias (Alex.) De Mix. De mixtione Aristotle Cat. Categoriae (Categories) EN Ethica Nicomachea Met. Metaphysica (Metaphysics) PA De partibus animalium Protr. Protrepticus Asclepius In Metaph. In Metaphysica Calcidius (Calc.) Cicero (Cic.) Acad. Academica Div. De divinatione Fin. De finibus bonorum et malorum Leg. De legibus Luc. Lucullus ND De natura deorum Rep. De republica Sen. De senectute TD Tusculanae disputationes (Tusculan disputations)

vii

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viii List of abbreviations

Clement of Alexandria Strom. Stromateis Cleomedes (Cleom.) Cornutus Theol. Comp. Theologiae Graecae compendium Damascius In Phd. In Phaedonem Diogenes Laertius (D.L.) Epictetus D Dissertationes (Discourses) Galen PHP De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis John Philoponus Aet. De aeternitate mundi contra Proclum LS A. A. Long and D. N. Sedley (1987) The Hellenistic Philosophers, 2 vols. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Marcus Aurelius M Meditationes (Meditations) Philo of Alexandria (Phil.) Aet. Mundi De aeternitate mundi Leg. Alleg. Legum allegoriae Plato Apol. Apology Crat. Cratylus Euthd. Euthydemus Gorg. Gorgias Leg. Laws Men. Meno

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List of abbreviations ix

Phd. Phaedo Phdr. Phaedrus Phil. Philebus Prot. Protagoras Rep. Republic Soph. Sophist Tht. Theaetetus Tim. Timaeus Plotinus (Plot.) Plutarch (Plut.) An. Procr. De animae procreatione in Timaeo Comm. not. De communibus notitiis De Alex. virt. De Alexandri magni fortuna aut virtute Plat. Quaest. Platonicae quaestiones Quaest. Conviv. Quaestiones convivales Stoic. rep. De Stoicorum repugnantiis (Stoic Self-Contradictions) Virt. mor. De virtute morali Porphyry De abst. De abstinentia Proclus In Eucl. In primum Euclidis Elementorum librum In Tim. In Platonis Timaeum Quintilian Inst. Or. Institutio oratoria Seneca (Sen.) Ben. De beneficiis Ep. Epistulae morales ad Lucilium (Letters) NQ Naturales quaestiones Prov. De providentia

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x List of abbreviations

Sextus Empiricus (S.E.) M Adversus mathematicos PH Pyrrhoneioi hypotyposes Simplicius (Simp.) In Cat. In Aristotelis Categorias In Phys. In Aristotelis Physica Stobaeus (Stob.) Ecl. Eclogae SVF H. von Arnim (1903–24) Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, 4 vols. Leipzig, Teubner Syrianus In Metaph. In Aristotelis Metaphysica Xenophon (Xen.) Mem. Memorabilia

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